* * * * * * * * * *

READ AND REMOVE THIS PAGE BEFORE PLACING
THE SPECIFICATION SECTION IN THE CONTRACT

* * * * * * * * * *

DIVISION 2:  SITE CONSTRUCTION

SECTION 02210 - SUBSURFACE INVESTIGATION

USE:	Performing all operations in connection with determining the type, nature, and characteristics of subsurface materials.

NOTES TO SPECIFIER:

	A.	Options within paragraphs are identified by enclosure in brackets; blank spaces enclosed by brackets [_____] provide for information to be inserted, as appropriate, to individual projects.

	B.	TO AVOID CONFLICTING REQUIREMENTS AND COSTLY MISTAKES, the specifier must edit (delete, substitute or add to the text).  The remaining paragraphs must be renumbered.

	C.	DELETE FOR FINAL COPY: Notes to the Specifier, located between lines of asterisks; all [brackets], underlining, boldface, and italics, within the paragraphs; and this page.  (Open Reveal Codes [alt F3] to do this accurately.)

	D.	To Edit “(Footer B)”: (Corel 8).  ENTIRE FOOTER SHOULD BE BOLDED.  Click in the footer and delete the “Project Name (ftr B)” text and replace it with the Name of the Project (upper and lower case).  Replace date with current MM/YY (WITHOUT BRACKETS).

	E.	The Guide Specifications are intended to be continuously reviewed and revised.  User’s technical comments are appreciated.  Also, other related or similar specification that are written “from scratch” that could benefit others, or other questions can be sent to NSTC A/E Group, ST 110, or call (303) 987-6868.

DRAWING DATA REQUIRED: 

REVISIONS OF THIS SECTION:
CSI format, editorial changes: 12/01
Metric:
Technical Update:  4/96

SECTION 02200

SUBSURFACE INVESTIGATION

PART 1:  GENERAL

1.1		abSUMMARY

A.	Section Includes:  Requirements for furnishing labor, equipment, and materials, except materials specified to be furnished by the Government, and performing all operations in connection with determining the type, nature, and characteristics of subsurface materials and the extent and conditions of the various materials as they exist to the depths and at the locations specified, accomplished by means of auger borings, drive sample borings, undisturbed sample borings, core drilling, pressure testing, test pits, or other means, in accordance with these specifications and applicable drawings.

1.2	DEFINITIONS, TABLES

A.
TABLE 1 ‑ COMMON CORE DIAMETERS			
	CORE DIAMETER
in.	(mm)	HOLE DIAMETER
in.	(mm)	
Conventional Core Barrels			
AWG	1.185	(30.1)	1.890	(48.0)	
BWG	1.655	(42.0)	2.360	(60.0)	
NWG	2.155	(54.7)	2.980	(75.7)	
HWG	3.000	(76.2)	3.907	(99.2)	
Wireline Core Barrels *			
A	1.064	(27.0)	1.890	(48.0)	
B	1.432	(36.5)	2.360	(60.0)	
N	1.875	(47.6)	2.980	(75.7)	
H	2.450	(62.2)	3.716	(94.4)	
	3.345	(85.0)	4.827	(122.6)	
Large Diameter Series			
2‑3/4" X 3‑7/8"	2.690	(68.3)	3.875	(98.4)	
4" X 5‑1/2"	3.970	(100.8)	5.495	(139.6)	
6" X 7‑3/4"	5.970	(151.6)	7.750	(196.9)	
*  No Industry Standard for Wireline Sizes.  Diameters shown for wireline core barrels are nominal and vary between manufacturers.			

1.3	SUBMITTALS

A.	General:  Submittals shall be according to [Section 01009 - General Information and Requirements.]  [Section 01330 - Submittal Procedures.]  [and] [Section 01331 - Certificates.]

B.	Permits, Certifications, and Licenses:  Submit two copies of permits, certifications, and licenses associated with the work of this specification to the Contracting Officer prior to the start of this work.  Comply with all Federal, State and local laws, regulations and ordinances relating to the performance of this work.  Procure all required permits, certifications and licenses required by Federal, State, and local law for the execution of this work at own expense.

C.	Drilling, Sampling, Testing, and Safety Plan:  Submit two copies of the drilling, sampling, testing, and safety plans.  The plan shall include, but not be limited to, the proposed method of drilling and sampling including a description of the equipment and sampling tools that will be used, a description of all methods and procedures that will be utilized  to insure a safe operation and to protect the environment.  This submittal shall also include a statement of the prior experience, in the type of work described in these specifications, of the person or persons designated to perform the work specified herein.  No work shall be performed until this plan has been approved and no deviation from the approved plan will be permitted without prior approval by the Contracting Officer.

D.	Drilling Log:  Submit one original and one copy of complete, legible drilling logs and records to the contracting Officer [upon completion] [within  [   ] days after a [hole] [test pit] is completed].

1.4	CARE AND DELIVERY OF SAMPLES

******************************************************************************
INSERT DELIVERY ADDRESS FOR SAMPLES.
******************************************************************************

A.	General:  Preserve samples in good condition.  Samples shall be kept from freezing and from undue exposure to the weather, and shall keep all descriptive labels and designations on sample jars, tubes, and boxes clean and legible until final delivery of samples to, and acceptance by, the Contracting Officer.  Except as otherwise specified, deliver samples to [     ].  Samples shall be delivered within the time limits specified for each type of investigation or in accordance with schedules prepared by the Contracting Officer.

B.	Undisturbed Samples:  Every precaution shall be taken to avoid damage to samples as a result of careless handling and undue delay in shipping.  Samples shall be shipped in containers approved by the Contracting Officer and shall be of sufficient durability to protect the samples from any damage during shipment.  The sample tubes shall be well packed in vermiculite or other equal material approved by the Contracting Officer to protect the samples against vibration.  Avoid exposing sealed and crated samples to precipitation, direct sunlight, freezing and temperatures in excess of  38 degrees C (100 degrees F).  Samples permitted to freeze, even partially, shall be replaced by the Contractor at no cost to the Government.  In general, no undisturbed samples shall remain on the site of sampling for more than one week before shipment.  Samples shall be stored and shipped with the tube in a [horizontal] [vertical] position in order to prevent consolidation and segregation or change of water content.

1.5	PROJECT/SITE CONDITIONS

******************************************************************************
SELECT APPROPRIATE ALTERNATIVE.
******************************************************************************

A.	Environmental Requirements:  [In order to prevent and to provide for abatement and control of any environmental pollution arising from Contractor activities in the performance of this contract, the Contractor shall comply with all applicable Federal, State, and local laws, regulations, and ordinances concerning environmental pollution control and abatement.
1.	Keep informed of all updates and changes in all applicable laws, regulations, and ordinances.
2.	Do not pollute lakes, ditches, rivers, springs, canals, waterways, groundwaters, or reservoirs with drill fluids, fuels, oils, bitumens, calcium chloride, insecticides, herbicides, or other materials that may be harmful to the environment or a detriment to outdoor recreation.]

B.	Field Measurements:  The approximate locations of [drill holes] [test pits] [     ] are shown on the drawings.  The actual locations and elevations will be provided in the field by the Contracting Officer prior to the start of work.  The Contractor will provide access to the locations as necessary for the prosecution of the work.  Since no separate payment will be made for access construction, all costs associated with this shall be included in the cost of [drilling] [excavating].

1.6	SEQUENCING AND SCHEDULING

A.	Schedule of Drilling, Sampling and Testing:  The schedule of Drilling, Sampling, and Testing is [shown on the drawings.] [listed in the following schedule:]

SCHEDULE OF DRILLING, SAMPLING AND TESTING					
[HOLE NO.]
[PIT NO.]	
METHOD	DEPTH
METERS (FT)	VERTICAL OR INCLINDED	SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS	

					

******************************************************************************
SELECT APPROPRIATE ALTERNATIVE.  DELETE BLANK LINES AND SPACES.
******************************************************************************

B.	Order of Work:[Commence operations on [Hole No. [     ]] [Test Pit No. [     ]] [     ] and proceed so as to complete [Holes] [Test Pit] [Nos. [     ], [     ], and [     ]] before starting [Hole] [Test Pit] Nos. [     ] and [     ].]
[The order in which the work is to be accomplished will be determined in the field by the Contracting Officer.]
[The [drilling] [test pit excavating] [     ] shall be accomplished in the numerical sequence indicated in the [SCHEDULE OF DRILLING, SAMPLING, AND TESTING shown on the drawings] [listed in paragraph SCHEDULE OF DRILLING, SAMPLING, AND TESTING]; however, the Contracting Officer may vary the order whenever and in whatever manner seems best for accomplishing the work.
1.	Provide a qualified Inspector experienced in subsurface exploration for each drill unit to oversee all drilling, sampling, and field testing operations.  This individual shall be responsible for the preparation of a separate log and/or report for each boring, pressure test, or test pit.  This individual shall also be responsible for the preparation of all soil and rock samples for delivery to the designated point.
2.	The presence of a Government representative or the keeping of separate drilling records by the Contracting Officer shall not relieve the Contractor of the responsibility for the work specified in this specification.]

PART 2:	PRODUCTS

2.1	CONTAINERS

A.	General:  Furnish jars, tubes, and boxes that meet the following requirements.  All such containers will become the property of the Government and the cost thereof shall be included in the contract price for the applicable item for which payment is provided.
B.	Sample Jars:  Shall be [0.5 L (1 pint)] [1.0 L (1 quart)] capacity, wide‑mouth [over 57 mm (2‑1/4 inches) in diameter] [glass] [plastic] jars with moisture‑tight screw tops.

C.	Shipping Boxes:  Boxes for shipping sample jars shall be [corrugated cardboard] [wooden] boxes that have the capacity to hold no more than 12 sample jars and the strength to contain and protect the jars and their contents under ordinary handling and environmental conditions.

D.	Tubes and Crates:  Undisturbed samples shall be shipped in thin walled Shelby tubes packed in crates.

E.	Core Boxes:  Longitudinally partitioned, hinged top, wooden core boxes constructed of plywood and dressed lumber or other approved materials in accordance with the arrangement and dimensions shown shall be used for all rock cores.  As many core boxes as may be required shall be used to box all core.  Core boxes shall be completely equipped with all necessary partitions, hinges, and a hasp for holding down the cover.  In addition, provide wood spacers made of surfaced lumber (not plywood) and having dimensions that are 3 mm (1/8 inch) less than the inside dimensions of the individual core box troughs and no less than 19 mm (3/4 inch) thick for blocking the core in the boxes and for providing a marking space to identify core runs and pull depths/elevations.
1.	The quantities of these blocks that are required are:
a.	Ten blocks per core box for 75‑mm (3‑inch) or smaller core.
b.	Five blocks per core box for 100‑mm (4‑inch) and PQ core.
c.	Three blocks per core box for 150‑mm (6‑inch) core.

2.	The box should have the following capacities:
a.	150‑mm (6 inch) core			single row of core
b.	100‑mm (4 inch) or PQ core		2 rows of core
c.	75‑mm ( 3 inch) or smaller core	3 or 4 rows of core

3.	The maximum length of a core box shall be 1.2 m (4 feet) for 75 mm (3‑inch) or smaller core and shall be dimensioned so that a box will hold 3.6 to 4.9 m (12 to 16 feet) of core.  The maximum length of a core box for core that is larger than 75 mm (3 inches) shall be 1.5 m (5 feet).

2.2	LABELS

A.	Sample Jar Labels:  A printed or type‑written, fade resistant and waterproof label shall be affixed to the outside of each jar and shall contain the following information:

PROJECT	                       	LOCATION	                        
(Such as Table Rock Dam)		(Such as Borrow Area B)

HOLE NO.	                      	STATION	                         

JAR NO.	          of           	JARS

TOP ELEV. OF HOLE              	DEPTH OF SAMPLE                    

DESCRIPTION OF MATERIAL	                                       
(Such as  Moist, silty, medium sand)

B.	Shipping Box Labels:  Each box of jar samples shall be identified with weatherproof and wear‑proof labels indicating the following:

PROJECT:  [     ]

LOCATION:  [     ]

JAR SAMPLES FROM HOLE OR HOLES:  [     ]
C.	Core Box Labels:  Core boxes shall be identified with stenciled labels.  The information on this label shall contain the following:

PROJECT:  [     ]

HOLE NO. [     ]

BOX NO. [     ]

TOTAL NUMBER OF BOXES FOR THE HOLE:  [     ]

PART 3: EXECUTION

3.1	EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES

A.	Auger Boring and Sampling:  The equipment to be furnished by the Contractor for making auger borings shall include, but not be limited to, standard continuous flight augers and/or standard cup‑type earth augers, similar or equal to the Iwan Auger and not less than 100 mm (4 inches) in diameter unless otherwise approved.  The augers shall be completely equipped with all the accessories necessary for boring and sampling of overburden materials to the depths and diameters specified or shown on the drawings.

B.	Drive Sample Boring and Sampling:  Equipment to be furnished by the Contractor for making drive sample borings shall include, but not be limited to, standard [50 mm (2‑inch) OD] [[   ] mm (inch) OD] [split barrel] [solid barrel] drive samplers and power‑driven  drilling machinery of a type or types approved by the Contracting Officer, complete with a [   ] kN drive‑hammer (drive‑hammer of [   ]‑pound weight) and all other accessories for taking samples of all types of soils or decomposed rock at the locations and to the depths indicated [in the SCHEDULE OF DRILLING, SAMPLING, AND TESTING shown on the drawings.] [in the schedule in paragraph SCHEDULE OF DRILLING,  SAMPLING, AND TESTING.]  The drive shoe for the split barrel samplers shall be of hardened steel and shall be replaced or repaired when it becomes dented or distorted.  Supplies shall include, but not be limited to, all casing, drill stem, drill bits, drill fluid and additives, pumps, and power necessary to accomplish the required boring and sampling.

C.	Undisturbed Sample Boring and Sampling:  Equipment to be furnished by the Contractor for making undisturbed sample borings shall include, but not be limited to, power‑driven drilling machinery of an approved type or types complete with the special devices and accessories enumerated and described hereinafter.  Drilling machinery shall be of the  hydraulic feed type.  Supplies shall include, but not be limited to, all samplers, casing, drill stem, drill bits, drill fluid and additives, pumps, and power necessary to accomplish the required boring and sampling.  Drill casing, if used, shall be of such minimum inside diameter as to allow use of the selected sampler.

1.	Sands and Cohesive Soils:  The sampling device used to sample fine to medium grain sands and cohesive soils shall be a fixed or stationary piston type that uses a [75‑mm (3‑inch)][125‑mm (5‑inch)] diameter thin wall Shelby tube.  [Subject to the approval of the Contracting Officer, floating or free piston and non‑piston type samplers may be used provided adequate means, such as check valve or vacuum system, are provided to prevent loss of samples].

2.	Stiff and Dense Soils:  The sampling device for obtaining samples of stiff and dense soils shall be similar or equal to a Denison double tube, swivel head core barrel, or a Pitcher sampler and must be approved by the Contracting Officer prior to use.
******************************************************************************
SEE TABLE 1 COMMON CORE DIAMETERS.
******************************************************************************

D.	Core Drilling ‑ [     ] mm (inch) Diameter Core:  Equipment to be furnished by the Contractor for core drilling shall include core‑drilling machinery of a type or types approved by the Contracting Officer complete with all the accessories needed to take continuous rock cores of a diameter consistent with bit size to the depths specified.  Use, as a minimum, a standard ball‑bearing, swivel‑head, double‑tube core barrel, or equivalent.  The capacity of the core barrel shall not exceed 3.2 m (10.5 feet) of core.  Supplies for core drilling to be furnished by the Contractor shall include, but not be limited to, all casing, drill rods, core barrels, coring bits, piping, pumps, water, tools, and power required for drilling and all boxes and containers required for core samples.  Selection of the type of bit shall be at the Contractor's discretion provided that the selected bit produces high quality rock core. (see paragraph SUPPLEMENTAL [BORINGS] [PITS]).  [The Contractor's drilling equipment shall be capable of drilling inclined as well as vertical core holes as specified.]

E.	Pressure Testing (Hydraulic):  Provide equipment that includes, but is not be limited to, the following: water pump with a minimum capacity of 3.15 liters per second (50 gallons per minute) that is capable of delivering a constant discharge pressure of [   ] kPa (psi), double expander packers with rubber expansion elements set [1.5] [3] [   ] m ([5] [10] [   ] feet) apart with piping so arranged that water may be admitted either below the bottom packer element or between the two packer elements, a pressure relief valve, a pressure gage capable of measuring water pressures to the nearest [     ] kPa (psi) and water meter capable of measuring flows to the nearest [     ] 0.1 liter(s) per second (gallon(s) per minute).  Supplies shall include, but not be limited to, all accessory valves, gages, surge tanks, stopcocks, plugs, expanders, potable water for testing, standby pumps, fuels, pipes, pressure hose, and tools necessary for maintaining uninterrupted tests for each boring to be tested.  The pressure test equipment shall be configured so that the pressure gage is located at the top of the hole, a by‑pass water line and valve are located between the pump and the gage, a flow meter is located between the by‑pass and the pressure gage, and a valve is located in the line between the flow meter and the pressure gage.  All equipment and supplies used for pressure testing shall be approved by the Contracting Officer prior to use.

F.	Test Pit Excavation and Sampling:  Selection of the test pit excavation, shoring/lining and dewatering (if necessary) methods and equipment shall be at the Contractor's discretion but must be approved by the Contracting Officer.  When the number of test pits to be excavated is large, and when adaptable mechanical trenching equipment is available, the Contracting Officer may require that such mechanical excavating equipment be used to expedite completion of the pits.  Supplies which the Contractor shall furnish for obtaining undisturbed  samples shall include, but not be limited to, split metal cylinders or metal or wooden boxes of acceptable sizes and types.  The minimum inside dimensions of the cylinders shall be [     ] mm (inches) in diameter by [     ] mm (inches) in length.  The wooden boxes shall be cubic in shape with a minimum inside dimension of [     ] mm (inches).  Accessories are to be supplied by the Contractor.   The Contractor shall also furnish materials required for applicable safety regulations.

3.2	IDENTIFYING SAMPLES

A.	General:  Sample jars, shipping boxes, and labels shall comply with PART 2, paragraphs SAMPLE JARS, SHIPPING BOXES, and LABELS, respectively.  [In addition, a moisture proof label containing the project name, hole number and sample number shall be placed inside the jar or this information can be written using a waterproof pen or scribed on the jar lid.]  Take precautions required to insure that the shipping boxes are not subjected to rough handling or damaging environmental conditions [, and complies with paragraph CARE AND DELIVERY OF SAMPLES].  [A copy of the boring log for the portion of the boring that the samples came from shall be enclosed in the shipping box.]

3.3	AUGER BORING AND SAMPLING

A.	General:  Samples shall be labeled in accordance with paragraph IDENTIFYING SAMPLES.  Samples shall be obtained for each change of overburden material and at maximum vertical intervals of  [0.3] [1] [1.5] m ([1] [3] [5] feet) [as directed by the Contracting Officer].  In order to retain the natural moisture content of the material to the fullest extent possible, all samples shall be of sufficient volume to completely fill the sample jars and the samples shall be placed in the sample jars as soon as possible after they are taken from the hole.  All sample jars shall be labeled.  In general, no sample shall remain on the site of boring for more than 1 week after being taken from the boring and placed in a jar.

3.4	DRIVE SAMPLE BORING AND SAMPLING

A.	General:  Samples shall be labeled in accordance with paragraph IDENTIFYING SAMPLES.  Drive sample borings drilled through overburden materials shall be suitably cased to permit obtaining drive samples of the size or sizes specified or as directed.  Samples shall be taken either continuously or at maximum vertical intervals of [1] [1.5] m ([3] [5] feet) or at a change in materials [in accordance with instructions contained in the SCHEDULE OF DRILLING, SAMPLING, AND TESTING] [as shown on the drawings] or as otherwise directed by the Contracting Officer.  The sampler shall be driven with the force of the [620 (140)] [     ] N (pound) drive hammer under a free fall of [     ] mm (inches).  To minimize the compacting effect of casing driving when casing is used to stabilize a boring, the bottom of the casing shall be kept as high above the soil sampling zone as conditions permit.  If hollow stem auger is used as a casing and/or to advance the boring, a plug assembly must be used to keep soil from entering the inside of the auger.  Above the water table, samples shall be obtained from a dry hole.  Below the water table, water shall be maintained within the hole at or above the groundwater level.  Where information on the natural water content of soils above the water table is not needed and when approved by the Contacting Officer, boreholes may be drilled without casing by using a suitable drilling fluid to prevent collapse of sidewalls.  When a drilling fluid is used, soil sampling shall be done by such means that will prevent inclusion of drilling fluid in the samples.  The samples shall be placed in sample jars as soon as possible after they are taken from the hole and, when possible, the volume of the sample shall be large enough to completely fill the sample jar in order that the natural moisture content of the material may be retained to the fullest extent possible.  All samples shall be labeled.  No sample shall remain at the site of boring for more than one week after being taken from the hole.

3.5	UNDISTURBED SAMPLE BORING AND SAMPLING

A.	General:  In general, labeling of undisturbed samples shall conform to paragraph IDENTIFYING SAMPLES.  Particular care shall be taken to indicate the top and bottom of each sample tube.  Tubes and crates for undisturbed samples shall be labeled "DO NOT JAR OR VIBRATE" and "HANDLE, HAUL, AND SHIP IN A [HORIZONTAL] [VERTICAL] POSITION".

B.	Procedure:  The procedure for Undisturbed Sample Boring and Sampling shall be the same as outlined in paragraph DRIVE SAMPLE BORING AND SAMPLING, except that the sampling device shall be advanced downward by one continuous, smooth drive using the drill rig's hydraulic feed system.  The hydraulic downpressure shall be read and recorded at 150 mm (6 inch) intervals during each sample drive.  The sampling device for stiff and dense soils shall be advanced by continuous rotation of the outer cutting barrel in conjunction with use of drill fluid circulation.  Driving of any undisturbed sampling device by means such as a drop hammer will not be permitted.

C.	Sealing

1.	Alternate 1:  The soil sample obtained in a thin wall Shelby tube shall be retained in the tube and sealed on both ends with a mechanically expandable O‑ring sealing disk of the appropriate size.

2.	Alternate 2:  The soil sample obtained in a thin wall Shelby tube shall be extruded from the tube in the field as soon as the tube is removed from the boring by a method approved by the Contracting Officer.  The extruded soil sample shall immediately be wrapped in [aluminum foil] [thin plastic wrap] and placed in the center of a [metal bottomed, waxed cardboard] [plastic] tube that has a diameter of at least 25 mm (1 inch) larger than the diameter of the soil sample, is at least 25 mm (1‑inch) longer than the length of the soil sample, and has at least 13 mm (1/2‑inch) of congealed [50/50 mixture of paraffin and microcrystalline wax] [microcrystalline wax] in the bottom.  The annular space between the soil sample and the tube shall be filled with [a 50/50 mixture of paraffin and microcrystalline wax] [microcrystalline wax] to a distance of at least 13 mm (1/2‑inch) above the top of the soil sample.

3.	Alternate 3:  Both ends of the soil sample tube/liner obtained with a Denison barrel, or its equivalent, shall be cleaned out to remove all drill fluid contaminated and/or disturbed soil or to a minimum distance of 50 mm (2 inches) from the ends of the tube/liner.  Any material removed that is not contaminated with drill fluid shall be placed in a sample jar and labeled in accordance with paragraph IDENTIFYING SAMPLES.  The cleaned out ends of the sample liner tube shall then be sealed with [a 50/50 mixture of paraffin and microcrystalline wax] [microcrystalline wax].  A metal or wooden disk, having a diameter just slightly smaller than the inside diameter of the liner tube shall be inserted into the wax to a distance of 6 mm (1/4‑inch) from the end of the soil sample.  The wax plugs shall be flush with the ends of the tube and a final seal consisting of a metal cap or tape shall be placed over the ends of the tube.

3.6	CORE HOLE OVERBURDEN DRILLING

A.	Requirements:  [Where samples of overburden materials are required in connection with core drilling, the soil overburden shall be drilled and sampled in accordance with the applicable provisions for the type of samples required.]  [Where sampling of the overburden materials is not required, the Contractor may utilize any method and equipment for drilling and, if required, casing through the overburden that will not affect the quality of the core drilling from the rock surface downward in accordance with these specifications.  The method chosen must be approved by the Contracting Officer prior to starting any overburden drilling.]

******************************************************************************
See TABLE 1 COMMON CORE DIAMETERS.
******************************************************************************
3.7	CORE DRILLING ‑ [     ] mm (inch) DIAMETER CORE

A.	Procedure:  All holes shall be drilled [vertically] [at the inclined angles [indicated in the SCHEDULE OF DRILLING, SAMPLING, AND TESTING shown on the drawings] [listed in paragraph SCHEDULE OF DRILLING, SAMPLING, AND TESTING]] to the bottom elevations or depths specified unless indicated in the schedule of borings or directed to be drilled otherwise.  Off‑setting of borings from the locations specified in the Plan of Borings or as shown on the drawings, will not be permitted without prior approval.  Casing through the overburden may be required.  This casing shall be sealed in the rock at the elevation where rock is encountered prior to commencement of rock coring.  Operate drills at such speeds and with such down pressures and shall control drill fluid pressures and quantities to insure maximum core quality and recovery in whatever kind of rock is encountered.  Where soft or broken rock is encountered, reduce the length of runs to 1.5 m (5 feet) or less in order to reduce and keep core loss and core disturbance to the minimum.  Failure to comply with the foregoing procedures shall constitute justification for the Contracting Officer to require redrilling, at the Contractor's expense, of any boring from which the core recovery is unsatisfactory.  Exercise particular care in recording zones of water loss, cavities, rod jerks, rough drilling and other unusual and non‑ordinary coring experiences that, supplementing the core record, will throw light on the nature and the extent of any fracturing or abnormalities.

B.	Arrangement of Core:  Core boxes shall comply with PART 2, CORE BOXES.  All cores shall be arranged neatly in the partitioned boxes in the same sequence in which they occurred before removal from the hole.  Facing the open box with the hinged cover above and the open box below, cores shall be arranged in descending sequence beginning at the left end of the trough nearest the hinges and continuing in the other troughs from left to right.  The highest part of the core shall be placed in box 1, and the lower portions of the core shall be placed in the other boxes in consecutive order.

C.	Preservation of Core:  Representative samples of core (not less than [     ] percent of the total core drilled) shall be wrapped in [aluminum foil] [thin plastic wrap] [cheese cloth] and then sealed by applying [paraffin wax] [microcrystalline wax] [50/50 mixture of paraffin and microcrystalline wax] to the outside of the wrapping material prior to placing the core in the core box.  This sealing process shall be accomplished as soon as possible after the core is removed from the core barrel.  The minimum length of core that is preserved shall be no less than 2.5 times the core diameter.

D.	Labeling, Marking and Packing Core:  Stenciled labels for core boxes complying with paragraph CORE BOX LABELS shall be placed on the inside and outside of the top cover in addition to each end.  In addition, the depths (or elevations) of each core run/pull shall be marked with a black waterproof pen on the spacer blocks that are placed between core pulls.  When a box is full, the space between the core and the trough sides shall be filled with finely ground vermiculite or other packing material approved by the Contracting Officer.

E.	Disposition of Core:  While onsite, protect the filled core boxes from direct sunlight, precipitation, and freezing by some form of Contracting Officer approved shelter that allows ventilation to the boxes.  Upon completion of core drilling and sampling operations, core boxes containing cores shall be [stored in an area provided by the Contracting Officer near the site of drilling] [shipped or delivered to [provide address]].

3.8	HYDRAULIC PRESSURE TESTING

A.	Requirements:  [Pressure‑test each hole in [1.5] [3] m ([5] [10] foot) sections commencing at the top of bedrock and progressing downward to the bottom of the hole or to such depths as determined by the Contracting Officer below which testing of the hole is not necessary.]  [Pressure test the bottom [1.5] [3] m ([5] [10] foot) section of hole immediately after it is cored.  After a [     ] m (foot) section is cored, the coring equipment will be removed from the section and a single rubber expansion packer placed at the top of the section (bottom of the previously tested section) and the section pressure tested.  After the pressure test is completed, the packer assembly shall be removed and the next [     ] m [   ] (foot) section cored and then pressure tested.  This procedure shall be continued to the bottom of the hole or to depths determined by the Contracting Officer.]  Where core data from the test holes indicate only isolated zones that are open or fractured, pressure testing may be limited by the Contracting Officer to these zones only.  Water pressure employed for each lift shall be determined in the field by the Contracting Officer and shall not exceed 22.6 kPa per meter of depth (one pound per square inch per foot of depth) to the upper expander and, in no case, shall the pressure be greater than [     ] kPa (psi). The pressure test will be divided into two phases; the first phase will be a flow test which shall then be followed by the second phase which is a duration test.  See sample report below:

SHEET        OF      
DATE                

REPORT OF WATER PRESSURE TESTING IN CORE DRILL HOLES

DAM SITE                 RIVER                   HOLE NO.      RIG NO.     
LOCATION OF HOLE                                                           
CONTRACTOR                    DRILLER             ELEV. TOP OF HOLE        

DATA ON FLOW TEST												
SECTION OF HOLE TESTED				PRESSURE DURING TEST	START TIME	STOP TIME	TIME MINUTES	WATER METER READINGS				
TOP		BOTTOM						AT START OF TEST	AT END OF TEST	TOTAL WATER USED (GAL)	GAL PER SEC	
DEPTH	ELEV	DEPTH	ELEV									

												

REMARKS:
ELEV. TOP ROCK ‑          	* UNABLE TO OBTAIN ANY GAGE
BOTTOM HOLE ‑               	 PRESSURE AT START OF TEST

		In performing the first phase, water is pumped slowly at first, and the flow then gradually increased to the point where the predetermined maximum pressure is maintained, by adjusting the valve on the by‑pass line.  The allowable pressure shall be held for 1 minute before any readings are taken.  The volume of flow into the test section shall be measured for a period of 5 minutes during which time the pressure shall not vary by more than 34.5 kPa (5 psi).  After this 5‑minute test, the second phase shall be started by closing the valve located between the flow meter and the pressure gage.  The drop in pressure is then read for a period of 5 minutes at [15] [30] [    ]‑second intervals.  In some situations, such as in a very tight formation, the Contracting Officer may eliminate phase one of the test.  The Contractor may be required to make check tests at no cost to the Government if the testing equipment or its assembly and arrangement are found to be faulty during or after the testing of any holes.  Record all gage and meter readings made during a pressure test on a form approved by the Contracting Officer, which is similar to the form below:

PRESSURE TEST DATA FORM

BOTTOM HOLE ‑                                      PRESSURE AT START OF TEST

DATE ON PRESSURE DURATION TEST									
SECTION OF HOLE TESTED				GUAGE PRESSURE AT TEST INTERVAL					
TOP		BOTTOM							
DEPTH	ELEV	DEPTH	ELEV						

									

OBSERVED BY                                   

3.9	TEST PIT EXCAVATION AND SAMPLING

A.	Excavation:  The test pits shall be excavated in the order scheduled in [the SCHEDULE OF DRILLING, SAMPLING, AND TESTING shown on the drawings] [paragraph SCHEDULE OF DRILLING, SAMPLING, AND TESTING], and shall be excavated to depths and dimensions indicated [in paragraph SCHEDULE OF DRILLING, SAMPLING, AND TESTING] [on the drawings].  Before excavating pits, become thoroughly familiarize with work site and with available subsurface data, particularly groundwater conditions.  Regardless of the method of excavation employed, the pits shall be excavated [, dewatered] and shored/lined in conformance with all applicable safety regulations.

B.	Sampling:  Soil samples shall be obtained from each pit [at the depths/elevations indicated in paragraph SCHEDULE OF DRILLING, SAMPLING, AND TESTING] [at depths of [     ] m (feet), [     ] m (feet), and [     ] m (feet),] [at depths determined by the Contracting Officer].  A total of [     ] samples will be obtained from each test pit.  In obtaining samples from test pits, the undisturbed in situ (in place) natural physical and structural characteristics of the sampled materials shall be preserved insofar as possible both while samples are being taken and during shipment to the point of testing.  In cohesive and partially cohesive soils this may be accomplished by isolating the soil column or cube to be sampled by gently trenching around it and knife‑trimming it to the required dimensions of the split cylinder or box.  A thin coating of melted [50/50 mixture of paraffin and microcrystalline] [microcrystalline] wax shall then be applied quickly but gently to the sample with a paint brush to seal it against loss of moisture.  The metal or wooden sample container, with the top and bottom removed shall then be placed over the wax coated sample such that the sample is centered within the container and the top of the container sides are at least 25 mm (1 inch) above the top of the sample.  The spaces between the sample and the side walls of the container shall then be filled with melted [     ] wax.  After this wax has congealed, the space between the top of the sample container sides and the top of the sample shall be filled with [     ] wax.  After this wax has congealed, it shall be trimmed so that when the top of the sample container is installed there is no void between the container top and the wax.  After the container top is installed, the soil column or cube shall then be cut off a few hundred millimeters (inches) below the container, the sample and container inverted and removed from the pit and the sample trimmed at the base so that the bottom of the sample is at least 25 mm (1 inch) below the bottom of the container.  This space shall be filled with [     ] wax and, after the wax has congealed, it shall be trimmed so that when the bottom of the container is installed, there shall be no void between the wax and the bottom of the container.  Where overburden materials to be sampled are only partially cohesive, it is best not to expose the entire soil column before waxing.  By exposing and waxing small sections at a time, the sample will be subjected to less disturbance.  Where natural moisture content is an important factor, delay shall be avoided in taking the sample in order that the natural moisture content of the material may be retained to the fullest extent.

C.	Disposition of Samples:  Samples shall be packed in vermiculite or a packing material approved by the Contracting Officer and shipped in sturdy wooden boxes of strength and construction sufficient to guarantee against damage during shipment.  Boxes should be no larger than is required for shipping two such samples.  All sample boxes shall be marked FRAGILE‑HANDLE WITH CARE and shall be identified by labels, similar to those as specified in paragraph IDENTIFYING SAMPLES, attached to the outside of each box.  Extreme care shall be taken to indicate the top and bottom of each sample.  Avoid exposing sealed and crated samples to precipitation and extremes of temperature.  Undisturbed samples permitted to freeze, even partially, shall be replaced by the Contractor at no cost to the Government.  Do not hold these samples at the site of sampling for a period in excess of one week.  Prior to shipment, each sealed and boxed sample shall be checked for correct labeling.

3.10	SUPPLEMENTAL [BORINGS] [PITS]

A.	Requirements:  [Borings] [Pits] that are abandoned or from which [unsatisfactory samples or cores are obtained] [less than [     ] percent total core recovery has been obtained, exclusive of open or filled cavities] will be supplemented by other [borings] [pits] adjacent to the original in order that satisfactory samples or the required information will be obtained.  Actual locations of any supplemental [borings] [pits] will be established by the Contracting Officer.  Penetration to the depth where the original was abandoned or to the depths where unsatisfactory samples were obtained may be made by any method selected by the Contractor that in the opinion of the Contracting Officer will permit satisfactory completion and sampling below the elevation where the last satisfactory sample was obtained in the abandoned or satisfactory sampling in the reaches where satisfactory samples were not obtained in the original [borings] [pits].  No payment will be made for supplemental [borings] [pits] that are required to be [drilled] [excavated] to replace [borings] [pits] that were abandoned or from which satisfactory samples were not obtained because of mechanical failure of drilling and sampling equipment, negligence on the part of the Contractor, or other preventable cause for which the Contractor is responsible except that payment will be made for acceptable portions of these supplementary [borings] [pits] below the depths or outside the reaches for which payment was made for the original [borings] [pits].

3.11	BACKFILLING

A.	Drill Holes:  Unless otherwise noted in these specifications or directed by the Contracting Officer, all drill holes shall be backfilled and abandoned in accordance with all Federal, State, and local laws, regulations and ordinances.  Preserve all holes in good condition until final measurement and until the records and samples have been accepted.  As a minimum, all holes shall be grouted from the bottom of the hole to within 600 mm (2 feet) of the ground surface using a grout mixture of 23 to 30 liters (six to eight gallons) of water per sack (42.6 kg (94 pounds)) of Portland cement.  All grout shall be pumped through a [tremie] [     ] pipe that is inserted to the bottom of the boring to insure that the grout fills the full extent of the hole.  The remaining ungrouted top 600 mm (2 feet) of the hole shall be backfilled with local soil and tamped.  All backfilling operations shall be performed in the presence of the Contracting Officer and, if required by regulation, Federal, State, and local officials.  No separate payment will be made for backfilling drill holes.  The cost of this work shall be included in the drilling costs.

B.	Test Pits:  Backfill all test pits with local soil compacted to original densities as directed by the Contracting Officer.  No separate payment will be made for backfilling test pits.  The cost of this work shall be included in the test pit excavation costs.

3.12	RECORDS

A.	Requirements:  Keep accurate driller's logs and records of all work accomplished under this contract and shall deliver complete, legible copies of these logs and records to the Contracting Officer [upon completion of the work or at such other times as directed] [within [     ] days after a [hole] [test pit] is completed].  All such records shall be recorded during the actual performance of the work and shall be preserved in good condition and order by the Contractor until they are delivered and accepted.  The Contracting Officer shall have the right to examine and review all such records at any time prior to their delivery to him and shall have the right to request changes to the record keeping procedure.  The following information shall be included on the logs or in the records for each [hole] [test pit]:

1.	[Hole] [Test Pit] number or designation and elevation of top of [hole] [test pit].
2.	Driller's name and Inspector's name.
3.	Make, size, and manufacturer's model designation of [drilling,]     [sampling,] [pressure testing,] [and] [test‑pit excavating] equipment.
4.	Type of [drilling,] [sampling,] [and] [pressure testing] operation by depth.
5.	Hole diameter.
6.	Dates and time by depths when [test‑pit excavation,] [drilling,] [sampling,] [and] [pressure testing] operations were performed.
7.	Time required for [drilling each run] [and] [pressure testing each interval tested].
8.	Drill action, rotation speed, hydraulic pressure, water pressure, tool drops, and any other unusual and non‑ordinary experience which could indicate the subsurface conditions encountered.
9.	Depths [at which samples or cores were recovered or attempts made to sample or core including top and bottom depth of each run] and [of each interval pressure tested].
10.	Classification or description by depths of the materials [sampled,] [cored,] [or] [penetrated] using the Unified Soil Classification System (ASTM D 2487) and including a description of moisture conditions, consistency and other appropriate descriptive information described in paragraph SUPPLEMENTAL [BORINGS] [PITS] of ASTM D 2488.  This classification or description shall be made immediately after the samples or cores are retrieved.
11.	Indication of penetration resistance such as [drive‑hammer blows given in blows per foot for driving sample spoons and casing] [and] [the pressure in kPa (pounds per square inch) applied to push thin‑wall or piston‑type samplers].
12.	Force (Weight) of drive hammer.
13.	Percentage of sample or core recovered per run.
14.	Depth at which groundwater is encountered initially and when stabilized.
15.	Depths at which drill water is lost and regained and amounts.
16.	Depths at which the color of the drill water return changes.
17.	Type and weight of drill fluid.
18.	Depth of bottom of hole.
19.	Pressures employed in pressure testing.

PART 4:	MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT

******************************************************************************
WHEN A "LUMP SUM" CONTRACT IS USED, DELETE THE TITLE PART 4:  MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT, AND BOTH ARTICLES FROM THIS SECTION.  MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT WILL BE ADDRESSED IN PART 4 OF SECTION 01009 -GENERAL INFORMATION AND REQUIREMENTS OR SECTION 01010 - SUMMARY OF WORK.

WHEN NOT A "LUMP SUM" CONTRACT, SELECT APPLICABLE PHRASES; USE THE "NO MEASUREMENT" PHRASE WHEN NONE OF THE PAY ITEMS IN THIS SECTION ARE INCLUDED IN THE BID SCHEDULE.
******************************************************************************

4.1	METHOD OF MEASUREMENT

A.	Units:  The work described in this section will [not be measured for payment.]  [be measured and paid for] [on a lump sum basis.]

4.2	BASIS OF PAYMENT

******************************************************************************
WHEN NOT A "LUMP SUM" CONTRACT, SELECT APPLICABLE PHRASES; USE THE "NO DIRECT PAYMENT" PHRASE WHEN NONE OF THE PAY ITEMS IN THIS SECTION ARE INCLUDED IN THE BID SCHEDULE.

WHEN NOT A "LUMP SUM" CONTRACT AND PAYMENT IS TO BE MADE UNDER THIS SECTION, SELECT APPLICABLE PAY ITEMS.  DO NOT CHANGE PAY ITEM NUMBER.
******************************************************************************

A.	Payment:  [No direct payment for the work described under this section will be made.  Consideration for this item shall be included in the bid price for other items of the Contract.]  [Prices and payment will be full compensation for the work described in this section.  Payment will be made under:]

Pay Item		Pay Unit

02210 (01)	Auger Boring	[Lump Sum] [Each]
02210 (02) 	Drive Sample Boring	[Lump Sum] [Each]
02210 (03)	Undisturbed Sample Boring	[Lump Sum] [Each]
02210 (04)	Core Hole Overburden Drilling	[Lump Sum] [Each]
02210 (05)	Core Drilling [Vertical] [Inclined] Holes	[Lump Sum] [Each]
02210 (06)	Pressure Testing	[Lump Sum] [Each]
02210 (07)	Test Pit Excavation	[Lump Sum] [Each]
02210 (08)	Test Pit Undisturbed Sample	[Lump Sum] [Each]
02210 (09)	Material for Shoring	[Lump Sum] [Each]
02210 (10)	Casing Left in Drill Holes	[Lump Sum] [Each]

END OF SECTION