TITLE: Control of Plant Diseases and Pests: Horticultural Crops
PUBLICATION DATE: October 1996
ENTRY DATE: October 22, 1996
EXPIRATION DATE: None
UPDATE FREQUENCY: Periodically
CONTACT: Alternative Farming Systems Information Center,
National Agricultural Library
Agricultural Research Service
U. S. Department of Agriculture
10301 Baltimore Ave., Room 132
Beltsville MD 20705-2351
phone 301-504-6559
fax 301-504-6409
DOCUMENT TYPE: Text
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IPM AND BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF PLANT DISEASES
AND PESTS: HORTICULTURAL CROPS
JANUARY 1994 - JUNE 1996
219 citations from AGRICOLA
by Mary V. Gold
(This bibliography updates Quick Bibliography 94-12 which covers the above topic from 1992
through 1993.)
1. NAL Call No.: S605.5.O74
10 pests and their natural enemies.
Poncavage, J. Org-gard v.43(5): p.41-46. (1996 May-1996 June)
Descriptors: horticultural-crops; plant-pests; pest-control; biological-control;
biological-control-agents
2. NAL Call No.: S544.3.N6N62
1994 Peanuts.
Sullivan, G. A.; Ferguson, J. M.; Linker, H. M.; Mueller, J. P.; York, A. C.; Yelverton, F. H.;
Brandenburg, R. L.; Brown, A. B.; Bailey, J. E.; Perry, K. B.; Roberson, G. T.
AG-NC-Agric-Ext-Serv. Raleigh : North Carolina Agricultural Extension Service v.331,
rev.p.110 (1994 Jan.)
Descriptors: arachis-hypogaea; crop-production; world-markets; federal-programs;
production-costs; weather-data; sustainability-; integrated-pest- management; weed-control;
plant-disease-control; water-quality; pesticides-; north-carolina
3. NAL Call No.: 275.29-W27P
1994 Pest Management Guide for commercial small fruits.
Ext-bull-Wash-State-Univ,-Coop-Ext. Pullman, Wash. : The Extension v.149, rev.p.48 (1994)
Descriptors: vaccinium-; rubus-idaeus; fragaria-; pests-; pesticides-;
integrated-pest-management; safety-; hazards-; poisoning-; symptoms-; regulations- ; handling-;
transport-; storage-; disposal-; application-; application-date; guidelines-; plant-disease-control;
environmental-protection
4. NAL Call No.: S67.P82
1995 Insect control guide.
Pub-La-Coop-Ext-Serv. [Baton Rouge, La.?] : Cooperative Extension Service, Center for
Agricultural Sciences and Rural Development, Louisiana State University & Agricultural &
Mechanical College v.1838, rev.p.186 (1995 Apr.)
Descriptors: insect-pests; rodents-; chemical-control; field-crops; ornamental-plants; trees-;
livestock-; stored-products; insecticides-; application- methods; application-rates;
biological-control-agents; insect-traps; application-date; greenhouses-; domestic-gardens;
identification-; safety-at- work; economic-thresholds; toxicity-; louisiana-
5. NAL Call No.: 420-K13
Abundance and seasonal activity of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in a raspberry
plantation and adjacent sites in southern Quebec (Canada).
Levesque, C.; Levesque, G. Y. J-Kans-Entomol-Soc v.67(1): p.73-101. (1994 Jan.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: rubus-idaeus; carabidae-; population-density; seasonality-; predators-of-insect-pests
6. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Accumulation of phytoalexins scoparone and scopoletin in citrus fruits subjected to various
postharvest treatments.
Rodov, V.; D'hallewin, G.; Castia, T. Acta-hortic (381): p.517-523. (1994 Dec.)
Paper presented at the International Symposium on Natural Phenols in Plant Resistance, Volume
II, September 13-17, 1993, Weihenstephan, Germany.
Descriptors: citrus-; postharvest-decay; postharvest-treatment; heat-treatment;
ultraviolet-radiation; biological-control-agents; phytoalexins-; concentration-; plant-diseases
7. NAL Call No.: 421-An72
Acremonium endophyte interactions with enhanced plant resistance to insects.
Breen, J. P. Annu-rev-entomol. Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews, Inc. v.39p.401-423 (1994)
Includes references.
Descriptors: acremonium-; endophytes-; host-plants; mutualism-; pathogenicity-;
geographical-distribution; taxonomy-; infection-; pest-resistance; insect-pests; allelochemicals-;
disease-resistance; strain-differences; grasses-; lawns-and-turf; cultivars-; biological-control;
insect-control; pastures-; livestock-; poisoning-; literature-reviews
8. NAL Call No.: SB945.F8F79-1996
Action programs against fruit flies of economic importance: session overview.
Hendrichs, J. Fruit fly pests a world assessment of their biology and management / p.513-519.
(1996)
Paper presented at the Fourth International Symposium on Fruit Flies of Economic Importance
held June 5-10, 1994, Sand Key, Florida.
Descriptors: tephritidae-; insect-pests; insect-control; control-programs; orchards-;
integrated-control; integrated-pest-management; disinfestation-; quarantine-;
sterile-insect-release
9. NAL Call No.: HD101.S6
The adoption of IPM techniques by vegetable growers in Florida, Michigan and Texas.
Fernandez Cornejo, J.; Beach, E. D.; Huang, W. Y. J-agric-appl-econ v.26(1): p.158-172. (1994
July)
Includes references.
Descriptors: vegetables-; integrated-pest-management; innovation-adoption; farm-management;
risk-; florida-; michigan-; texas-
Abstract: Abstract: Factors influencing the adoption of Integrated Pest Management (IP)
techniques are studied using survey data from individual vegetable producers from Florida,
Michigan, and Texas. Farmers who adopt IPM tend to be less risk averse and use more
managerial time on farm activities than nonadopters. Adopters are also more likely to operate
large, irrigated farms and use more family labor. Locational factors and the type of crop grown
are also influential in IPM adoption. The analysis uses a logit framework and introduces adopter
categories first conceptualized by rural sociologists.
10. NAL Call No.: 100-C12Cag
Almond growers reduce pesticide use in Merced County field trials.
Hendricks, L. C. Calif-agric v.49(1): p.5-10. (1995 Jan.-1995 Feb.)
Descriptors: orchards-; pest-management; prunus-dulcis; insecticides-; insect-pests;
beneficial-insects; soil-organic-matter; soil-fertility; oligochaeta-; parasites-of-insect-pests;
crop-yield; california-
11. NAL Call No.: 275.29-M381Fr
Apple integrated pest management in 1993: Insects and mites in second-level orchard blocks.
Mason, J.; Prokopy, R.; Wright, S.; Goodall, S.; Jones, K.; Ma, Y.; Mohr, V.; Nogaki, M.
Fruit-notes v.59(1): p.1-7. (1994 Winter)
Descriptors: integrated-pest-management; meadow-orchards; crop-damage; insect-pests; acari-;
insecticides-; acaricides-; natural-enemies; massachusetts-
12. NAL Call No.: 275.29-M381Fr
Apple integrated pest management in 1994: insects and mites in second-level orchard blocks.
Mason, J.; Prokopy, R.; Wright, S.; Black, J.; Chang, C.; Cook, J.; Goodall, S.; Ma, Y.
Fruit-notes v.60(1): p.1-7. (1995 Winter)
Descriptors: malus-pumila; integrated-pest-management; pesticides-; insect-pests; mites-;
natural-enemies; beneficial-insects; parasitoids-; massachusetts-
13. NAL Call No.: 275.29-M381Fr
Apple orchards in Switzerland: differences small and large.
Weber, D. C. Fruit-notes v.59(3): p.22-25. (1994 Summer)
Descriptors: orchards-; crop-production; varieties-; cultivars-; fruit-trees; subsidies-;
insect-growth-regulators; tortricidae-; dysaphis-; integrated-pest- management; switzerland-
14. NAL Call No.: 1.9-P69P
Application of antitranspirant and reduced rate fungicide combinations for fruit rot management
in cranberries.
Sandler, H. A. Plant-dis. [St. Paul, Minn., American Phytopathological Society] v.79
(9)p.956-961 (1995 Sept.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: vaccinium-macrocarpon; phyllosticta-; physalospora-; deuteromycotina-;
helotiales-; phomopsis-; glomerella-cingulata; fungal-diseases; plant-disease-control;
chlorothalonil-; antitranspirants-; adjuvants-; mixtures-; integrated-pest-management;
phyllosticta-vaccinii; physalospora-vaccinii; phomopsis-vaccinii; coleophoma-empetri;
godronia-cassandrae
Abstract: Studies were conducted over a 3-year period to evaluate the efficacy of reduced rate
combinations of chlorothalonil and an antitranspirant (AT), Wilt-Pruf, for control of fruit rot in
cranberries. Several reduced rate combinations provided control comparable to that with the
fungicide used alone at suggested label rates of 0.76 to 1.34 liters/ha (4 to 7 pt/A) in field trials.
In two trials, higher concentrations of the AT (3 to 5%) had a detrimental effect on total and
usable yield at higher fungicide rates. The lowest rate of chlorothalonil that can be effectively
used in combination with any tested rate of Wilt-Pruf is 0.76 liters/ha (4 pt/A). Using 0 or 0.38
liters/ha (0 or 2 pt/A) with any tested rate of the AT inadequately protected the berries against
fruit rot infection. The incorporation of reduced rate combinations may offer the management
advantage of lowered environmental risk per fungicide application in certain situations.
15. NAL Call No.: SB925.B5
Application of Candida guilliermondii in commercial citrus coatings for biocontrol of
Penicillium digitatum on grapefruits.
McGuire, R. G. Biol-control v.4(1): p.1-7. (1994 Mar.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: grapefruits-; citrus-paradisi; penicillium-digitatum; plant-disease-control;
biological-control; candida-guilliermondii; protective-coatings; mixtures-;
biological-control-agents; fungal-antagonists; storage-decay; postharvest-treatment
16. NAL Call No.: S542.A8A34
Application of Candida guilliermondii in commercial citrus waxes for biocontrol of Pencillium
on grapefruit.
McGuire, R. G. ACIAR-proc (50): p.464-468. (1994)
In the series analytic: Postharvest handling of tropical fruits / edited by B.R. Champ, E. Highley,
and G.I. Johnson.
Descriptors: grapefruits-; penicillium-; candida-guilliermondii; fungal-antagonists;
fungus-control; biological-control; efficacy-; postharvest-decay; postharvest-treatment;
wax-coatings
17. NAL Call No.: SB925.B5
Bacillus thuringiensis strain Buibui for control of cupreous chafer, Anomala cuprea (Coleoptera:
Scarabaeidae), in turfgrass and sweet potato.
Suzuki, N.; Hori, H.; Tachibana, M.; Asano, S. Biol-control. Orlando, Fla. : Academic Press, Inc.
v.4 (4)p.361-365 (1994 Dec.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: lawns-and-turf; grasses-; ipomoea-batatas; insect-pests; anomala-cuprea;
insect-control; larvae-; biological-control; biological-control- agents; bacillus-thuringiensis;
strains-; bacterial-toxins; efficacy-; developmental-stages
Abstract: The efficacy of the toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis serovar japonensis (strain
Buibui), which is specific to scarabaeid larvae, was evaluated in turfgrass pots. The toxin
controlled first and second instars of the cupreous chafer, Anomala cuprea, at 2 mg protein/pot
and the greenness of the turfgrass did not deteriorate. On the other hand, the efficacy against the
third instar was less than that against the first and second instars, and the greenness and dry
weight of the turfgrass were reduced. However, the mortality against the third instar was 48%
compared with 8% for the control. In the field, the effectiveness of the Buibui toxin was
evaluated in sweet potato plots. The ratio of damaged potatoes in the treated plots with the
Buibui toxin was 31% compared with 69% for the control plots. The index of damage to sweet
potato in the treated and untreated plots was 23 and 55, respectively. These results suggest that
the toxin at 100 mg/m2 effectively controlled the cupreous chafer in the sweet potato fields.
18. NAL Call No.: SB945.F8F79-1996
Behavioral control of apple maggot flies.
Prokopy, R. J.; Mason, J. Fruit fly pests a world assessment of their biology and management /
p.555-559. (1996)
Paper presented at the Fourth International Symposium on Fruit Flies of Economic Importance
held June 5-10, 1994, Sand Key, Florida.
Descriptors: rhagoletis-pomonella; insect-control; integrated-pest-management;
colored-sticky-traps; insect-attractants; orchards-; malus-pumila; massachusetts-;
butyl-hexanoate
19. NAL Call No.: QL461.E532
Behaviors of female Eretmocerus sp. nr. californicus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) attacking
Bemisia argentifolii (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) on sweet potato.
Headrick, D. H.; Bellows, T. S. Jr.; Perring, T. M. Environ-entomol v.24(2): p.412-422. (1995
Apr.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: eretmocerus-; females-; biological-control-agents; parasitoids-; searching-behavior;
locomotion-; behavior-patterns; bemisia-; nymphs-; oviposition-; feeding-behavior;
ipomoea-batatas
Abstract: Behaviors of Eretmocerus sp. nr. californicus Howard females on Bemisia argentifolii
Bellows & Perring infesting sweet potato, Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam, were described and
quantified. Waling speeds of up to 1.3 mm/s were calculated for females searching for host
whitefly nymphs on sweet potato leaves. Females encountered all host stages during searching
with approximately the same relative frequency as their relative abundance (average of 17.03%
of hosts available were encountered). Females also arrested and antennated all of the host stages
with the same relative frequency as their encounter rate (62.8%). Females showed a clear and
significant preference for probing second instars over all other stages. Of the hosts probed,
females chose all stages for oviposition with the same relative frequency. Successful exsertion of
the ovipositor under a host nymph occurred after initial probes 12 times and after repeated
probing attempts 15 times. Oviposition occurred under 13.5% of the hosts assessed by
antennation; however, 20 of the 27 (74%) nymphs under which the ovipositor was exserted
received an egg. Females spent 41% of the total time in searching, host assessment, probing, and
oviposition; the remainder of the time (59%) was spent host feeding, grooming, and resting.
20. NAL Call No.: S544.3.N6N62
Bermudagrass, Centipedegrass, Zoysiagrass, and St. Augustinegrass.
Lucas, L. T.; Bruneau, A. H. AG-NC-Agric-Ext-Serv. Raleigh : North Carolina Agricultural
Extension Service v.360, rev.p.4 (1994 Apr.)
Descriptors: zoysia-japonica; stenotaphrum-secundatum; lawns-and-turf; plant-diseases;
symptoms-; plant-disease-control; integrated-pest-management
21. NAL Call No.: S544.3.N6N62
Bermudagrass: lawn and maintenance calendar.
Bruneau, A. H.; Lucas, L. T.; Lewis, W. M.; Brandenburg, R. L.; Peacock, C. H.
AG-NC-Agric-Ext-Serv. Raleigh : North Carolina Agricultural Extension Service v.431, rev.p.4
(1994 Jan.)
Descriptors: cynodon-dactylon; mowing-; fertilizers-; irrigation-; soil-types-textural;
integrated-pest-management; weed-control; insect-control; application-date
22. NAL Call No.: 1.98-Ag84
Beyond methyl bromide.
Wood, M.; Stelljes, K. B.; Senft, D. Agric-res v.43(1): p.14-18. (1995 Jan.)
Descriptors: methyl-bromide; ozone-depletion; temperate-fruits; plodia-interpunctella;
amyelois-transitella; cydia-pomonella; soil-fumigation; controlled-atmosphere-storage;
biological-control-agents; habrobrachon-hebetor
23. NAL Call No.: QD415.A1J6
A bioassay system for collecting volatiles while simultaneously attracting tephritid fruit flies.
Heath, R. R.; Manukian, A.; Epsky, N. D.; Sivinski, J.; Calkins, C. O.; Landolt, P. J. J-chem-ecol
v.19(10): p.2395-2410. (1994 Oct.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: anastrepha-suspensa; monitoring-; volatile-compounds; insect-attractants;
pheromones-; wind-tunnels; insect-control; biological-control
Abstract: A bioassay system was developed that permits the testing of various substrates for
biological activity in a flight tunnel, while simultaneously collecting a portion of the volatiles
from the attractive source for subsequent chemical identification and quantification. Bioassays
of the response of virgin female Caribbean fruit flies, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew) (Diptera:
Tephritidae), to volatiles released by calling males were conducted in a greenhouse under natural
light cycles and fluctuating environmental conditions, similar to those in the field. Using this
system, the periodicity of response of the female flies between 1300 and 1845 hr (EST) was
tested. Fifty to 75% response occurred between 1700 and 1845 hr. Male pheromone release was
greatest between 1500 and 1800 hr. Videotaped records of insects, taken between 1700 and 1800
hr as flies approached and entered the traps, were analyzed to interpret the communicative role of
the volatiles released. Significantly more flies landed on and entered the pheromone-emitting
trap than the control trap. There was no difference in the amount of time spent on the trap face,
an indication that volatiles were attractants. The system described should be of general utility in
determination of the attraction of pest fruit flies to suspected attractants.
24. NAL Call No.: S592.7.A1S6
Bioautography shows antibiotic production by soil bacterial isolates antagonistic to fungal dry
rot of potatoes.
Burkhead, K. D.; Schisler, D. A.; Slininger, P. J. Soil-biol-biochem v.27(12): p.1611-1616.
(1995 Dec.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: gibberella-pulicaris; biological-control; biological-control-agents; soil-bacteria;
strains-; antagonists-; biosynthesis-; antibiotics-; detection- ; antifungal-properties; screening-;
mode-of-action
Abstract: Twenty bacterial antagonists of postharvest dry rot of potatoes (caused by Fusarium
sambucinum) were screened for the production of antibiotics by bioautography. Samples of
liquid cultures of bacterial strains harvested at three growth times and extracted with three
solvents at three pHs were used to directly detect antibiotics inhibitory to F. sambucinum grown
on the surface of thin-layer chromatography plates. All of the bacterial isolates tested produced
one or more antifungal compounds. Knowledge of the role of the antibiotics in biological control
mechanisms is expected to influence the design of successful methods of mass production and
formulation of these bacterial strains as biocontrol agents.
25. NAL Call No.: QL461.E532
Biological control of apple mites by a phytoseiid mite complex and Zetzellia mali (Acari:
Stigmaeidae): long-term effects and impact of azinphosmethyl on colonization by Amblyseius
andersoni (Acari: Phytoseiidae).
Croft, B. A. Environ-entomol v.23(5): p.1317-1325. (1994 Oct.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: typhlodromus-pyri; metaseiulus-occidentalis; zetzellia-mali; amblyseius-;
panonychus-ulmi; eotetranychus-; aculus-schlechtendali; azinphos-methyl-; colonizing-ability;
predators-of-insect-pests; interspecific-competition; insect-control; biological-control;
chemical-control; malus-pumila; orchards-; integrated-pest-management
Abstract: Long-established populations of Typhlodromus pyri Scheuten were less common in
plots in 1993 with dense Zetzellia mali (Ewing) than in plots with sparse Z. mali. Also, newly
released T. pyri had more difficulty colonizing plots with Z. mali than without, but less difficulty
than Metaseiulus occidentalis (Nesbitt) had had in 1992. Newly released Z. mali did not
establish well in a plot that had T. pyri only, but Z. mali seemed to be displacing T. pyri after 4
yr in some mixed-species release plots of M. occidentalis and T. pyri. After immigration from
nearby vegetation to apple, colonization by Amblyseius andersoni (Chant) was less in
azinphosmethyl-treated plots than in similar untreated plots. Colonization by A. andersoni was
greatest in plots with few T. pyri or Z. mali or both but some occurred in all plots not sprayed in
1993 (those originally receiving no releases, single or mixed-species releases of T. pyri, and M.
occidentalis in 1990). Colonization by A. andersoni was greatest where M. occidentalis had been
displaced in 1991 or 1992 by Z. mali. Results are discussed in relation to long-term biological
control and more biologically based integrated pest management.
26. NAL Call No.: 390.9-Am33
Biological control of grape crown gall with non-tumorigenic Agrobacterium vitis strain F275.
Burr, T. J.; Reid, C. L. Am-j-enol-vitic. Davis, Calif. : American Society of Enologists v.45 (2)
p.213-219 (1994)
Includes references.
Descriptors: vitis-vinifera; agrobacterium-tumefaciens; crown-gall; agrobacterium-;
biological-control
27. NAL Call No.: SB599.C8
Biological control of grape grey mould by Trichoderma harzianum.
Elad, Y. Crop-prot v.13(1): p.35-38. (1994 Feb.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: vitis-vinifera; botrytis-cinerea; plant-pathogenic-fungi; trichoderma-harzianum;
biological-control-agents; vinclozolin-; iprodione-; carbamate-pesticides; carbendazim-;
biological-control; chemical-control; fungus-control; plant-disease-control;
integrated-pest-management; diethofencarb-
28. NAL Call No.: SB608.F8B56--1994
Biological control of postharvest diseases : theory and practice.
Wilson, C. L.; Wisniewski, M. E. 182 p. ( CRC Press, Boca Raton FL, 1994)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Descriptors: Fruit-Postharvest-diseases-and-injuries-Biological-control;
Vegetables-Postharvest-diseases-and-injuries-Biological-control
29. NAL Call No.: 421-C16
Biological control of the Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Coleoptera:
Chrysomelidae) in Quebec by augmentative releases of the two-spotted stinkbug Perillus
bioculatus (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae).
Cloutier, C.; Bauduin, F. Can-entomol v.127(2): p.195-212. (1995 Mar.-1995 Apr.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: leptinotarsa-decemlineata; perillus-bioculatus; predators-of-insect-pests;
predator-augmentation; predatory-insects; comparisons-; bacillus- thuringiensis; predation-; ova-;
larvae-; fields-; solanum-tuberosum; quebec-
30. NAL Call No.: 420-F662
Biological control of the two-spotted spider mite (Acarina: Tetranychidae) on commercial
strawberries in Florida with Phytoseiulus persimilis (Acarina: Phytoseiidae).
Decou, G. C. Fla-entomol v.77(1): p.33-41. (1994 Mar.)
Symposium: Insect Behavioral Ecology--'93.
Descriptors: fragaria-; tetranychus-urticae; arthropod-pests; phytoseiulus-persimilis;
biological-control; mite-control; chemical-control; acaricides-; efficacy-; crop-yield; florida-
31. NAL Call No.: SB476.G7
Biological controls.
Rogers, M. Grounds-maint v.29(3): p.90-94. (1994 Mar.)
Descriptors: lawns-and-turf; plant-disease-control; pest-control; biological-control;
microbial-pesticides
32. NAL Call No.: SB317.5.H68
Biological seed treatments using Trichoderma harzianum for horticultural crops.
Taylor, A. G.; Harman, G. E.; Nielsen, P. A. HortTechnology v.4(2): p.105-108. (1994
Apr.-1994 June)
Paper presented at the "Workshop on New Chemical and Biological Treatments for Horticultural
Seeds," July 26, 1993, Nashville, Tennessee.
Descriptors: horticultural-crops; seed-dressings; seed-treatment; biological-control-agents;
trichoderma-harzianum; plant-disease-control; biological- control; fungal-diseases;
chemical-control; zea-mays
33. NAL Call No.: 60.18-UN33
Black cutworms: where are they coming from.
Williamson, R. C.; Shetlar, D. J. USGA-Green-Sect-rec v.32(5): p.5-7. (1994 Sept.-1994 Oct.)
Descriptors: lawns-and-turf; agrotis-ipsilon; larvae-; ova-; crop-damage; injuries-; monitoring-;
insect-control; chemical-control; biological-control
34. NAL Call No.: 275.29-M58B
Bluegrass billbug.
Smitley, D. Ext-bull-Coop-Ext-Serv,-Mich-State-Univ. East Lansing : Michigan State
University, Cooperative Extension Service v.E- 2497, rev.p.2 (1994 Oct.)
In the subseries: Turf tips for the homeowner.
Descriptors: lawns-and-turf; sphenophorus-parvulus; crop-damage; host-plants; symptoms-;
characteristics-; life-cycle; insect-control; insecticides-; biological-control-agents
35. NAL Call No.: S544.3.N6N62
Cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, and greens production in North Carolina.
Sanders, D. C. ed.; Davis, J. M.; Baird, J. V.; Sneed, R. E.; Walgenbach, J. F.; Sorensen, K. A.;
Duncan, H. E.; Shoemaker, P. B.; Monks, D. W.; Wilson, L. G. AG-NC-Agric-Ext-Serv. Raleigh
: North Carolina Agricultural Extension Service v.487p.26 (1995 Apr.)
Descriptors: brassica-oleracea; leafy-vegetables; cultivars-; crop-production; edaphic-factors;
insect-pests; plant-diseases; plant-disorders; weeds-; plant-pathogens;
integrated-pest-management; plant-disease-control; harvesting-; food-storage; marketing-;
production-costs; returns-; acreage-; north-carolina
36. NAL Call No.: 23-Au792
Chemical and biological control of Rhizoctonia solani on potato seed tubers.
Wicks, T. J.; Morgan, B.; Hall, B. Aust-j-exp-agric v.35(5): p.661-664. (1995)
Includes references.
Descriptors: potatoes-; rhizoctonia-solani; plant-pathogenic-fungi; postharvest-treatment;
dipping-; formaldehyde-; dusting-; tolclofos-methyl-; spraying-; fungicides-; pencycuron-;
sodium-hypochlorite; verticillium-; bacillus-; gliocladium-; trichoderma-;
biological-control-agents; fungus- control; chemical-control; biological-control; efficacy-;
fenpiclonil-; verticillium-biguttatum
37. NAL Call No.: SB950.A1I66
Chinese IPM for citrus leafminer.
Zhang, A.; O'Leary, C.; Quarles, W. IPM-pract v.16(8): p.10-13. (1994 Aug.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: citrus-; phyllocnistis-; phyllocnistis-citrella; integrated-pest-management;
insect-control; predators-of-insect-pests; parasites-of-insect- pests; biological-control;
biological-control-agents; bacillus-thuringiensis; chemical-control; monitoring-; pest-resistance;
china-
38. NAL Call No.: 421-J822
Colonization of newly planted coffee fields: dominance of Mediterranean fruit fly over oriental
fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae).
Vargas, R. I.; Walsh, W. A.; Nishida, T. J-econ-entomol v.88(3): p.650-627. (1995 June)
Includes references.
Descriptors: coffea-arabica; ceratitis-capitata; bactrocera-dorsalis; biosteres-arisanus;
parasitoids-; colonizing-ability; colonization-; populations-; population-ecology; dominance-;
parasitism-; parasites-of-insect-pests; plantations-; hawaii-
Abstract: Previous studies in Hawaii indicated that Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann),
Mediterranean fruit fly, became scarce at low elevations subsequent to accidental introduction
of Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), oriental fruit fly. The conclusion was that competitive
displacement, elevation, and parasites were major determinants in the ranges of these two fruit
flies. Recently, commercial coffee, Coffea arabica L. was planted in former sugarcane,
Saccharum officinarum L., fields at an elevation of 122 m on Kauai Island, HI. During a 3-yr
period we studied colonization of fruits by C. capitata, B. dorsalis, and Biosteres arisanus
(Sonan), a beneficial solitary wasp that attacks both species of fruit flies. During seasons 1 and
2, mean numbers of C. capitata were greater than those of B. dorsalis. Lack of an inverse
correlation between numbers of the two tephritids emerging from fruits suggested that these
species were not competitors. B. arisanus parasitization rates on the basis of live and dead
parasitoids recovered from C. capitata and B. dorsalis pupae were modest. Studies during season
3 indicated B. arisanus parasitization rates were higher for C. capitata than those for B.
dorsalis. Numbers of C. capitata and B. arisanus were correlated during both seasons,
suggesting a density-dependent relationship between the most abundant host and the parasitoid.
Fruit infestation data demonstrated that C. capitata exploits fruits at an earlier ripeness stage and
emerges sooner from fruits than B. dorsalis. Analysis of three annual coffee crops indicated
that C. capitata was the dominant fruit fly species in the coffee agroecosystem by the end of the
season. This finding differs from.
39. NAL Call No.: SB317.5.H68
Comparing integrated pest management and protectant stategies for control of apple scab and
codling moth in an Iowa apple orchard.
Gleason, M. L.; Ali, M. K.; Domoto, P. A.; Lewis, D. R.; Duffy, M. D. HortTechnology v.4(2):
p.136-141. (1994 Apr.-1994 June)
Includes references.
Descriptors: malus-pumila; integrated-pest-management; plant-disease-control;
venturia-inaequalis; insect-control; cydia-pomonella; orchards-; integrated-control;
cost-benefit-analysis; chemical-control; low-input-agriculture; insecticides-; fungicides-; iowa-
40. NAL Call No.: S494.5.S86S8
Comparison of corn and fescue rotations on pathogenic nematodes, nematode biocontrol agents,
and soil structure and fertility on an apple replant site.
Biggs, A. R.; Kotcon, J. B.; Baugher, T. A.; Collins, A. R.; Glenn, D. M.; Hogmire, H. W.;
Byers, R. E.; Sexstone, A. J.; Lightner, G. W. J-sustain-agric v.4(4): p.39-56. (1994)
Includes references.
Descriptors: nematoda-; malus-pumila; zea-mays; festuca-arundinacea; rotations-; orchard-soils;
biological-control-agents; soil-fertility; soil-structure; economic-analysis; farm-management;
soil-management; comparisons-; west-virginia
41. NAL Call No.: 421-C16
A comparison of epigaeic Coleoptera assemblages in organic, conventional, and abandoned
orchards in Nova Scotia, Canada.
Pearsall, I. A.; Walde, S. J. Can-entomol v.127(5): p.641-658. (1995 Sept.-1995 Oct.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: coleoptera-; carabidae-; malus-pumila; orchards-; species-diversity;
population-ecology; community-ecology; predatory-insects; organic- farming; comparisons-;
feeding-behavior; seasonal-abundance; predators-of-insect-pests; nova-scotia;
species-abundance; conventional-orchards; nonpredaceous-beetles
42. NAL Call No.: SB945.F8F79-1996
Comparison of the biology of Anastrepha obliqua reared in mango (Mangifera indica L.) and in
mombin (Spondias mombin) infested under field conditions.
Toledo, J.; Lara, J. R. Fruit fly pests a world assessment of their biology and management /
p.359-362. (1996)
Paper presented at the Fourth International Symposium on Fruit Flies of Economic Importance
held June 5-10, 1994, Sand Key, Florida.
Descriptors: anastrepha-obliqua; mangifera-indica; spondias-mombin; fruits-; infestation-;
fecundity-; female-fertility; pupae-; larvae-; biological- development; weight-;
parasites-of-insect-pests; parasitism-
43. NAL Call No.: QL391.N4J62
Comparison of two steinernematid species for control of the root weevil Diaprepes abbreviatus.
Schroeder, W. J. J-nematol v.26(3): p.360-362. (1994 Sept.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: diaprepes-abbreviatus; steinernema-; entomophilic-nematodes; biological-control;
larvae-; biological-control-agents; citrus-aurantium; helminth-insecticides;
steinernema-carpocapsae; steinernema-riobravis
Abstract: Steinernema carpocapsae Weiser All strain was compared to Steinernema riobravis
Cabanillas, Poinar, and Raulston for control of the root weevil, Diaprepes abbreviatus (L.), in
the laboratory and in potted citrus. In the laboratory bioassay, D. abbreviatus larvae were
exposed to 30, 60, and 120 nematodes/cm3 in sand. Insect mortality 1 week after application
was greater (P less than or equal to 0.05) for S. riobravis than for S. carpocapsae in the
laboratory bioassay. In the greenhouse bioassay, D. abbreviatus larvae were exposed to 3 and 9
nematodes per cm3 of soil in potted citrus. Again, at each rate, mortality was greater (P less than
or equal to 0.05) in pots treated with S. riobravis than in pots treated with S. carpocapsae. The
results of this study suggest that S. riobravis is a better biological control agent against D.
abbreviatus larvae in potted plants than S. carpocapsae.
44. NAL Call No.: 421-C16
Control of oriental fruit moth by mating disruption using sex pheromone in the Niagara
Peninsula, Ontario.
Pree, D. J.; Trimble, R. M.; Whitty, K. J.; Vickers, P. M. Can-entomol v.126(6): p.1287-1299.
(1994 Nov.-1994 Dec.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: prunus-persica; cydia-molesta; mating-disruption; sex-pheromones; insecticides-;
crop-damage; population-density; efficacy-; biological- control; ontario-
45. NAL Call No.: SB951.P47
Control of Phytophthora crown and root rot of apple trees with fosetyl-aluminium in new
plantings.
Utkhede, R.; Smith, E. Pestic-sci v.45(2): p.117-122. (1995 Oct.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: malus-pumila; phytophthora-cactorum; plant-pathogenic-fungi; fosetyl-;
monoammonium-phosphate; enterobacter-aerogenes; biological- control-agents; infectivity-;
crown-; roots-; growth-; crop-yield; fungal-diseases; fungus-control; chemical-control;
biological-control; efficacy-; british-columbia; disease-severity
Abstract: Fosetyl-aluminium applied as a foliar spray, monoammonium phosphate (MAP) as a
planting hole treatment, and a combination of MAP and Enterobacter aerogenes (Kruse)
Hornaeche & Edwards (B8) were evaluated for eight years for control of Phytophthora cactorum
(Lebert & Cohn) Schroet. crown and root rot in newly planted and artificially infected Macspur
apple trees on MM.106 rootstock in the Okanagan valley of British Columbia.
Fosetyl-aluminium completely controlled the disease, and increased growth and fruit yield. The
combination of planting hole treatment with MAP plus annual drench applications of strain B8
significantly increased trunk cross-sectional area for the first three years after planting. The
application of MAP alone did not have any effect on the disease, growth, or fruit yield of apple
trees.
46. NAL Call No.: 275.29-Or32c
Controlling diseases and insects in home orchards.
Pscheidt, J. W.; DeAngelis, J. D.; Morgan, S.; Reisinger, R. Ext-circ-Or-State-Univ-Ext-Serv.
Corvallis : The Service v.631, rev.p.2 (1994 Feb.)
Descriptors: home-gardens; orchards-; plant-disease-control; insect-control; tree-fruits;
insect-pests; insecticides-; fungicides-; cultural-control; biological-control; bactericides-; oregon-
47. NAL Call No.: SB950.2.C8H67
Controlling insects and other common pests of lawns.
Marrotte, E. L. Hortic-fact-sheet. [Storrs, CT] : The System v.94-7p.2 (1994)
Descriptors: lawns-and-turf; pests-; chemical-control; pesticides-; biological-control;
physical-control; habitats-
48. NAL Call No.: S544.3.N6N62
Controlling white grubs in turf.
Brandenburg, R. L. AG-NC-Agric-Ext-Serv. Raleigh : North Carolina Agricultural Extension
Service v.366, rev.p.4 (1995 Mar.)
Descriptors: lawns-and-turf; popillia-japonica; insect-pests; life-cycle; chemical-control;
biological-control; insecticides-; bacterial-insecticides; formulations-; application-rates;
application-date; identification-; north-carolina
49. NAL Call No.: S544.3.A2C47
Controlling whiteflies on ornamentals.
Cobb, P. Circ-ANR. [Auburn] Ala. : Alabama Cooperative Extension Service, Auburn
University v.272p.2 (1994 Feb.)
In subseries: Pest management.
Descriptors: aleyrodidae-; biological-control; chemical-control; insecticides-; natural-enemies;
life-cycle; ornamental-plants; alabama-
50. NAL Call No.: 448.3-Ap5
Derivation of mutants of Erwinia carotovora subsp. betavasculorum deficient in export of
pectolytic enzymes with potential for biological control of potato soft rot.
Costa, J. M.; Loper, J. E. Appl-environ-microbiol v.60(7): p.2278-2285. (1994 July)
Includes references.
Descriptors: solanum-tuberosum; erwinia-carotovora-subsp; -carotovora; plant-diseases; tubers-;
plant-disease-control; antagonism-; erwinia-carotovora- subsp; -betavasculorum; mutants-;
induced-mutations; secretion-; pectate-lyase; antibiotics-; antibacterial-properties; out-genes
Abstract: Erwinia carotovora subsp. betavasculorum Ecb168 produces an antibiotic(s) that
suppresses growth of the related bacterium Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora in culture and
in wounds of potato tubers. Strain Ecb168 also produces and secretes pectolytic enzymes and
causes a vascular necrosis and root rot of sugar beet. Genes (out) involved in secretion of
pectolytic enzymes by Ecb168 were localized to two HindIII fragments (8.5 and 10.5 kb) of
Ecb168 genomic DNA by hybridization to the cloned out region of E. carotovora subsp.
carotovora and by complementation of Out- mutants of E. carotovora subsp. carotovora. Out-
mutants of Ecb168, which did not secrete pectate lyase into the culture medium, were obtained
when deletions internal to either HindIII fragment were introduced into the genome of Ecb168
through marker exchange mutagenesis. Out- mutants of Ecb168 were complemented to the Out+
phenotype by introduction of the corresponding cloned HindIII fragment. Out- mutants of
Ecb168 were less virulent than the Out+ parental strain on potato tubers. Strain Ecb168 and Out-
derivatives inhibited the growth of E. carotovora subsp. carotovora in culture, indicating that the
uncharacterized antibiotic(s) responsible for antagonism was exported through an
out-independent mechanism. Strain Ecb168 and Out- derivatives reduced the establishment of
large populations of E. carotovora subsp. carotovora in wounds of potato tubers and suppressed
tuber soft rot caused by E. carotovora subsp. carotovora.
51. NAL Call No.: 421-J829
Development of a botanical fungicide against blue mould of mandarins.
Dixit, S. N.; Chandra, H.; Tiwari, R.; Dixit, V. J-stored-prod-res v.31(2): p.165-172. (1995 Apr.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: penicillium-italicum; plant-pathogenic-fungi; growth-; inhibition-;
ageratum-conyzoides; plant-extracts; leaves-; essential-oils; temperature- ; dipping-; fumigation-;
mandarins-; food-quality; postharvest-treatment; fungus-control; biological-control;
storage-temperature; fruit-quality
Abstract: During screening of vapours emitted by leaf extracts of 30 species of higher plants
against Penicillium italicum causing blue mould rot of mandarins, the vapours of Ageratum
conyzoides exhibited the strongest toxicity inhibiting the mycelial growth of the test fungus
completely. Fungitoxicity in leaves stored at ambient room temperature persisted up to 8 days.
The volatile fungitoxic constituent from leaves was isolated in the form of essential oil which
was standardized by its various physicochemical properties. The minimum inhibitory
concentration (MIC) of the oil was found to be 0.2% at which the oil exhibited fungistatic nature
and showed broad fungitoxic spectrum, inhibiting 32 storage fungi out of 35 tested. The efficacy
of the oil on storage at ambient room temperature persisted for 330 days and remained unaltered
even on heating up to 100 degrees C. The oil by dipping and fumigation successfully controlled
blue mould rot of mandarins and imparted no adverse effect on the quality of treated fruits.
52. NAL Call No.: 448.3-Ap5
Development of a microbial community of bacterial and yeast antagonists to control
wound-invading postharvest pathogens of fruits.
Janisiewicz, W. J.; Bors, B. Appl-environ-microbiol v.61(9): p.3261-3267. (1995 Sept.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: pseudomonas-syringae; sporobolomyces-; fungal-antagonists; mixtures-;
biological-control; biological-control-agents; antagonism-; penicillium-expansum;
postharvest-decay; apples-; asparagine-; population-dynamics; nitrogen-metabolism;
carbohydrates-; organic-nitrogen- compounds; sporobolomyces-roseus
Abstract: Two antagonists, the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae and the pink yeast
Sporobolomyces roseus, against blue mold (caused by Penicillium expansum) on apple
controlled this disease more effectively when combined at approximately equal biomass (50:50
of the same turbidity) than in individual applications. Addition of L-asparagine enhanced the
biocontrol effectiveness of P. syringae but decreased that of S. roseus and had no significant
effect when the antagonists were combined. Populations of both antagonists increased in apple
wounds and were further stimulated by the addition of L-asparagine. The carrying capacity of
wounds for P. syringae was not affected by S. roseus. Populations of P. syringae in wounds
inoculated individually or in a 50:50 mixture with S. roseus reached the same level after 3 days at
22 degrees C. However, populations of S. roseus recovered after applications of the mixture
were consistently lower than those recovered after individual applications. Similar effects were
observed in in vitro tests in which populations of S. roseus grown in mixtures with P. syringae
were consistently lower than those grown alone, while the populations of P. syringae were not
affected by the presence of S. roseus. A total of 36 carbon and 35 nitrogen compounds were
tested for utilization by both antagonists. Fourteen nitrogenous compounds were utilized by both
P. syringae and S. roseus, and an additional nine compounds were utilized by P. syringae. S.
roseus and P. syringae utilized 17 and 13 carbon sources, respectively; 9 sources were common
to both antagonists. Populations of these antagonists in apple wounds appear to form a relatively
stable community. limiting growth factor in carbon-rich apple wounds.
53. NAL Call No.: 421-B87
The development of suppression tactics for Biprorulus bibax (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) as part
of an integrated pest management programme in citrus in inland south-eastern Australia.
James, D. G. Bull-entomol-res v.84(1): p.31-37. (1994 Mar.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: citrus-limon; pentatomidae-; insect-control; trissolcus-; parasitoids-; endosulfan-;
integrated-pest-management; biological-control-agents; new-south-wales; trissolcus-oenone
54. NAL Call No.: 420-F662
Discovery of the male of Ageniaspis citricola (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), Parasitoid of the citrus
leafminer Phyllocnistis Citrella
Evans, G. A. Fla-entomol v.78(1): p.134-136. (1995 Mar.)
Symposium: Insect Behavioral Ecology 1994.
Descriptors: phyllocnistis-citrella; ageniaspis-; introduced-species; parasitoids-; males-;
descriptions-; biological-control; insect-control
55. NAL Call No.: QL461.E532
Disruption of pheromone communication in three sympatric leafroller (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
pests of apple in British Columbia.
Deland, J. P.; Judd, G. J. R.; Roitberg, B. D. Environ-entomol v.23(5): p.1084-1090. (1994 Oct.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: choristoneura-rosaceana; mating-disruption; pheromones-; chemical-composition;
application-rates; pheromone-traps; biological-control; orchards-; british-columbia
Abstract: Fruittree leafroller, Archips argyrospila (Walker), oblique banded leafroller,
Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris), and European leafroller Archips rosana (Robinson), all use
Z11-14:OAc and E11-14:OAc as components of their species-specific pheromone blends.
Small-plot experiments (0.09 ha) were conducted in the Okanagan Valley of British Columbia to
evaluate the effects of atmospheric permeation with different concentrations of Z11-14:OAc and
E11-14:OAc, applied in a ratio of 93:7, on pheromone communication of these sympatric
species. The relative response of male moths to synthetic and natural pheromone-baited traps in
pheromone-treated and untreated plots was used to measure disruption of pheromone
communication. The pheromone-disruption blend was released by polyethylene tube-type
dispensers applied at various densities. Catches of A. argyrospila in synthetic pheromone traps
decreased by >92 and 97% when pheromone was applied at rates of 5-10 mg/h/ha and 20-40
mg/h/ha, respectively. Catches of A. argyrospila in virgin female-baited traps were reduced by
99% at pheromone application rates of 20-40 mg/h/ha. Catches of C. rosaceana and A. rosana in
synthetic pheromone-baited traps decreased by 88-96% when the pheromone disruptant was
applied at rates of 20-40 mg/h/ha. In pheromone-disrupted plots, more male A. argyrospila were
caught in traps baited with pheromone blends of C. rosaceana and A. rosana containing a higher
percentage of Z11-14:OAc than the reported pheromone blend of A. argyrospila. These results
suggest an alteration of the normal pheromonal response of A. argyrospila on exposure to a high
concentration of Z11-14:OAc for a sustained time.
56. NAL Call No.: 421-J822
Distance, rotation, and border crops affect Colorado potato beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
colonization and population density and early blight (Alternaria solani) severity in rotated potato
fields.
Weisz, R.; Smilowitz, Z.; Christ, B. J-econ-entomol v.87(3): p.723-729. (1994 June)
Includes references.
Descriptors: solanum-tuberosum; leptinotarsa-decemlineata; alternaria-solani; rotations-;
population-density; insecticides-; integrated-pest-management
Abstract: The effect of distance between rotated potato fields on Colorado potato beetle,
Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), and early blight, Alternaria solani, incidence was evaluated for
2 yr. In eight newly established potato fields, the timing of adult beetle colonization, population
densities, and early-season defoliation were related closely to how isolated the fields were from
the previous year's planting. Even short distances between rotated locations resulted in
significant reductions of Colorado potato beetle densities. An integrated pest management
program resulted in an inverse relationship between distance and the number of insecticides
applied for the Colorado potato beetle. Compared with a nonrotated field, a distance of 0.3 to 0.9
km was sufficient to reduce insecticide requirements by 50%. Winter wheat and hay buffers
significantly delayed overwintered adult colonization compared with fallow corn stubble. Early
blight severity decreased as the distance between the rotated locations increased. Colorado
potato beetle population densities, defoliation, and early blight severity followed a similar
exponential decline with distance. The effects of winter wheat and hay buffer crops on beetle
infestations and early blight severity were also similar. Factors that reduced early-season
Colorado potato beetle immigration also lowered the early blight severity.
57. NAL Call No.: SB599.E97
Dynamics of Rhizoctonia solani (black scurf) in successive potato crops.
Jager, G.; Velvis, H. Eur-j-plant-pathol v.101(4): p.467-478. (1995 July)
Includes references.
Descriptors: solanum-tuberosum; continuous-cropping; rotations-; plant-pathogenic-fungi;
population-dynamics; rhizoctonia-solani; anastomosis-; groups-; biological-control-agents;
verticillium-; fungal-antagonists; incidence-; netherlands-; verticillium-biguttatum
58. NAL Call No.: 421-J822
Economic analysis of a Bacillus thuringiensis-based integrated pest-management program in
fresh-market tomatoes.
Trumble, J. T.; Carson, W. G.; White, K. K. J-econ-entomol v.87(6): p.1463-1469. (1994 Dec.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: lycopersicon-esculentum; insect-pests; bacillus-thuringiensis;
integrated-pest-management; methomyl-; permethrin-; chemical-control; insect-control;
crop-damage; crop-yield; costs-; profitability-; economic-analysis; california-
Abstract: Economic analyses were conducted on fresh-market tomato plantings in 1992 and
1993 that compared the benefit of an integrated pest- management (IPM) program based on a
registered Bacillus thuringiensis preparation with the current chemical-standard pesticide
practices and an untreated control. The IPM program used three or four applications of B.
thuringiensis as needed. The chemical-standard treatment consisted of seven to nine applications
of methomyl and permethrin. The effect of each pesticide-use program on insect populations,
fruit damage, yield, crop value, cost of control, and net profit was determined. The
chemical-standard and IPM treatments reduced pest populations and damage, resulting in better
yield and net profits as compared with the control treatment. In 1992, net profits were higher by
approximately $500-1,000/ha in the IPM program as compared with the chemical-standard
treatment. In 1993, the chemical-standard program performed slightly better by approximately
$300/ha. However, given shipping prices over the past 5-yr period, the IPM approach would
outperform the chemical-standard treatment in terms of net profit > 80% of the time. In addition,
the economic results from the IPM program are conservative because some significant benefits,
such as a potential reduction in development of pesticide resistance, reduced soil compaction,
less potential for damage to the environment, and less possibility of human health concerns,
were not included.
59. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Economic analysis of three tomato production systems.
Brumfield, R. G.; Adelaja, F. E.; Reiners, S. Acta-hortic (340): p.255-260. (1995 Jan.)
Paper presented at the XII International Symposium on Horticultural Economics / edited by J.-C
Montigaud, L.M. Albisu, U. Avermaete, L. Ekelund, D. Meijaard, and E. de Kleijn.
Descriptors: lycopersicon-esculentum; crop-production; cropping-systems; organic-farming;
organic-culture; integrated-pest-management; crop-yield; production-costs; returns-;
production-costs; economic-viability; new-jersey; conventional-farming; gross-returns;
net-returns
60. NAL Call No.: QL391.N4J62
Effect of Hirsutella rhossiliensis on infection of potato by Pratylenchus penetrans.
Timper, P.; Brodie, B. B. J-nematol v.26(3): p.304-307. (1994 Sept.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: solanum-tuberosum; pratylenchus-penetrans; hirsutella-; fungal-antagonists;
biological-control-agents; pathogens-; biological-control; nematophagous-fungi; roots-;
infections-
Abstract: We evaluated the ability of the nematode-pathogenic fungus Hirsutella rhossiliensis
(Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) to reduce root penetration and population increase of
Pratylenchus penetrans on potato. Experiments were conducted at 24 C in a growth chamber.
When nematodes were placed on the soil surface 8 cm from a 14-day-old potato cutting, the
fungus decreased the number entering roots by 25%. To determine the effect of the fungus on
population increase after the nematodes entered roots, we transplanted potato cuttings infected
with P. penetrans into Hirsutella-infested and uninfested soil. After 60 days, the total number of
nematodes (roots and soil) was 20 +/- 4% lower in Hirsutella-infested than in uninfested soil.
61. NAL Call No.: 23-Au792
Effect of inoculating fungi into compost on growth of tomato and compost microflora.
Sivapalan, A.; Morgan, W. C.; Franz, P. R. Aust-j-exp-agric v.34(4): p.541-548. (1994)
Includes references.
Descriptors: lycopersicon-esculentum; growth-rate; plant-height; dry-matter; weight-; leaf-area;
flowers-; fruits-; composts-; growing-media; acremonium-; chaetomium-globosum;
gliocladium-roseum; trichoderma-hamatum; biological-control-agents; population-density;
microbial- flora; acremonium-butyri; zygorrhynchus-moelleri
62. NAL Call No.: QL391.N4J62
Effect of lime on Criconemella xenoplax and bacterial canker in two California orchards.
Underwood, T.; Jaffee, B. A.; Verdegaal, P.; Norton, M. V. K.; Asai, W. K.; Muldoon, A. E.;
McKenry, M. V.; Ferris, H. J-nematol v.26(4,suppl.): p.606-611. (1994 Dec.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: prunus-persica; prunus-dulcis; liming-; application-rates; soil-treatment;
criconemella-; plant-parasitic-nematodes; population-density; soil- ph; cankers-; hirsutella-;
nematophagous-fungi; nematode-control; biological-control; cultural-control; california-;
hirsutella-rhossiliensis
Abstract: In a peach orchard with an initial soil pH of 4.9, preplant application of 0, 13.2, 18.2,
27.3, or 54.2 kg lime/tree site altered soil pH (range after 1 year = 4.8-7.3) but did not affect
numbers of Criconemella xenoplax or tree circumference. Liming also failed to reduce the
incidence of bacterial canker, which affected 17% of the trees by the sixth year after planting.
Four years after planting, numbers of C. xenoplax exceeded 400/100 cm3 soil, regardless of
treatment. Trees with higher densities of C. xenoplax had a higher incidence of canker. The
nematophagous fungus Hirsutella rhossiliensis was not detected until the fourth year. Thereafter,
the incidence of H. rhossiliensis and percentage C. xenoplax parasitized by H. rhossiliensis
increased, but the increases lagged behind increases in numbers of nematodes. In an almond
orchard with an initial soil pH of 4.6, preplant application of 0, 6.4, 12.8, or 25.0 kg lime/tree
site altered soil pH (range after 1 year = 4.7-7.1). Numbers of C. xenoplax remained low (<
20/100 cm3 soil), whereas numbers of Paratylenchus sp. increased to high levels (> 500/100 cm3
soil), regardless of treatment. Low levels (< 20/100 cm3 soil) of H. rhossiliensis-parasitized
Paratylenchus sp. were detected. No bacterial canker occurred, but tree circumference was
greater after 6 years if soil pH was intermediate (6.0-7.0).
63. NAL Call No.: QL461.E532
Effect of second-stage IPM practices on parasitism of apple blotch leafminer (Lepidoptera:
Gracillariidae) larvae in Massachusetts apple orchards.
Van Driesche, R. G.; Prokopy, R. J.; Christie, M. Environ-entomol v.23(1): p.140-146. (1994
Feb.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: malus-pumila; phyllonorycter-crataegella; sympiesis-marylandensis; parasitoids-;
rhagoletis-pomonella; integrated-pest-management; orchards-; massachusetts-
Abstract: In 1989 and 1990, parasitism of the apple blotch leafminer, Phyllonorycter crataegella
(Clemens), was assessed in 17 and 16 apple orchards, respectively, in Massachusetts to
determine the effect of integrated pest management (IPM) practices that reduced pesticide use
between early June and late August. In test blocks on each farm, broadcast pesticide applications
for control of the apple maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh), were replaced by use of either
red spherical sticky traps on perimeter apple trees to intercept immigrating apple maggot flies or
by applications of pesticides to perimeter apple trees. In either case, no insecticides or miticides
were applied to the interior of test blocks after early June. Use of these methods was designed as
second-stage IPM, and apple blotch leafminer parasitism under such management was compared
with an adjacent block in each orchard using conventional pesticide tactics. Average parasitism
of tissue-feeding apple blotch leafminer larvae across all orchards was slightly greater in the
second and third host generations in blocks in which second-stage IPM practices were used than
in conventionally managed blocks on the same farms. Most enhancement of apple blotch
leafminer parasitism occurred in orchards in which traps were used to control apple maggot
flies. Orchards in which perimeter-pesticide applications were made showed little or no
difference in parasitism levels from those of full spray blocks. None of six orchard or insect
variables examined (block size, ratio of interior trees to edge trees, nature of surrounding
vegetation, number of pesticide applications per leafminer generation, density of tissue-feeding
stage apple blotch leafminer mines, or. seen among orchards and blocks in correlation analyses.
Suppression of first generation apple blotch leafminer densities in 1990 was followed by lower
average parasitism across orchards compared with 1989.
64. NAL Call No.: 421-J822
Effects of cyromazine on larval survival, pupation, and adult emergence of Colorado potato
beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae).
Sirota, J. M.; Grafius, E. J-econ-entomol v.87(3): p.577-582. (1994 June)
Includes references.
Descriptors: solanum-tuberosum; leptinotarsa-decemlineata; cyromazine-; insect-control;
integrated-pest-management; crop-yield; yield-increases; michigan-
Abstract: Results of laboratory and field experiments to test the effects of the insect growth
regulator cyromazine on Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), are reported.
We describe symptoms of cyromazine poisoning of larvae. When second instars were fed
cyromazine-treated potato foliage in laboratory bioassays, all larvae died within 10 d. Second
instars of the insecticide-resistant Long Island strain survived longer than those of the
susceptible Vestaburg strain when fed a low concentration, but survival between strains fed at a
higher concentration did not differ. Survival to pupation of fourth instars fed
cyromazine--treated foliage was 12-16% lower than that of controls, but the differences were not
significant. Treated larvae pupated later and were less likely to develop into adults than
untreated larvae. In the field, cyromazine sprays reduced the number of first and second instars
and affected third and fourth instars by inhibiting feeding and lowering rates of pupation.
Cyromazine treatment reduced adult emergence 63-fold and increased yield of size-A potatoes 2-
to 4.5-fold compared with results from untreated plots. The effectiveness of cyromazine at low
rates and on all stages of insect development makes it a valuable addition to integrated pest
management programs for Colorado potato beetle.
65. NAL Call No.: QL391.N4J62
Effects of pesta-pelletized Steinernema carpocapsae (All) on Western corn rootworms and
Colorado potato beetles.
Nickle, W. R.; Connick, W. J. Jr.; Cantelo, W. W. J-nematol v.26(2): p.249-250. (1994 June)
Includes references.
Descriptors: leptinotarsa-decemlineata; diabrotica-virgifera; steinernema-; helminth-insecticides;
biological-control-agents; entomophilic-nematodes; formulations-; wheat-flour; pellets-;
biological-control
Abstract: Pesta-pelletized Steinernema carpocapsae (All) nematodes were used in soil treatments
in the greenhouse against larvae of Western corn rootworm and prepupae of Colorado potato
beetle. The pesta-pellets delivered 100,000 living nematodes/g. Infective-stage nematodes and
their associated bacteria survived the pesta-pellet process, emerged from the pellets in large
numbers in the soil, and reduced adult emergence of both pest insects by more than 90%.
66. NAL Call No.: 421-En895
The effects of weed strips on aphids and aphidophagous predators in an apple orchard.
Wyss, E. Entomol-exp-appl v.75(1): p.43-49. (1995 Apr.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: aphis-pomi; dysaphis-plantaginea; predators-of-insect-pests; predatory-insects;
predatory-arthropods; weeds-; habitats-; orchards-; malus- pumila; strip-cropping;
natural-enemies; population-density; population-dynamics; seasonal-abundance; food-plants;
host-plants; switzerland-
67. NAL Call No.: QL391.N4J62
Efficacy of Paecilomyces lilacinus in suppressing Rotylenchulus reniformis on tomato.
Walters, S. A.; Barker, K. R. J-nematol v.26(4,suppl.): p.600-605. (1994 Dec.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: lycopersicon-esculentum; rotylenchulus-reniformis; plant-parasitic-nematodes;
population-density; paecilomyces-lilacinus; biological- control-agents; shoots-; fruits-; weight-;
biomass-production; biological-control; nematode-control; greenhouse-culture;
field-experimentation; north-carolina
Abstract: Effects of rice-cultured Paecilomyces lilacinus on Rotylenchulus reniformis were
studied in both greenhouse and field microplot tests with 'Rutgers' tomato. Numbers of R.
reniformis were reduced (P less than or equal to 0.05) by P. lilacinus, with suppression in the
initial greenhouse test ranging from 46 to 48% for two rice + P. lilacinus treatments; the
rice-only treatment caused a nonsignificant reduction of 25%. In the second greenhouse test,
total R. reniformis numbers were restricted (P less than or equal to 0.05) by 41% by the rice + P.
lilacinus treatment, whereas the rice-only treatment had a slight negative effect (16% inhibition,
NS). Total numbers of R. reniformis were suppressed 59 and 36% at midseason and harvest,
respectively, in microplots infested with P. lilacinus. The fungus was recovered from egg masses
via isolations in the second greenhouse test. Shoot and fruit growth of Rutgers tomato were
restricted by R. reniformis in the initial greenhouse test irrespective of P. lilacinus treatment, but
this nematode did not affect fresh shoot weights in the second greenhouse test. The nematode
also limited shoot growth of Rutgers tomato in microplots, and P. lilacinus suppressed R.
reniformis numbers sufficiently to prevent related impairment of shoot and fruit growth. This
study indicated that P. lilacinus has detrimental effects on R. reniformis population development
under both greenhouse and field microplot conditions.
68. NAL Call No.: SB950.A1I66
ESA's 1993 Annual Meeting. IV. Turf management.
Grossman, J. IPM-pract v.16(7): p.14-18. (1994 July)
Descriptors: lawns-and-turf; insect-control; endophytes-; biological-control-agents;
biological-control
69. NAL Call No.: QH545.A1E52
Estimating the risks and benefits of pesticides: considering the agroecosystem and integrated pest
management in the use of EBDC fungicides on apples.
Cooley, D. R.; Manning, W. J. Environ-pollut v.88(3): p.315-320. (1995)
Includes references.
Descriptors: fungicides-; fungicide-residues; malus-pumila; integrated-pest-management;
apples-; food-safety; risk-; environmental-policy; risk-assessment
70. NAL Call No.: 275.29-M58B
European chafer.
Smitley, D. Ext-bull-Coop-Ext-Serv,-Mich-State-Univ. East Lansing : Michigan State
University, Cooperative Extension Service v.E-2500p.2 (1994 Oct.)
In the subseries: Turf tips for the homeowner.
Descriptors: lawns-and-turf; insect-pests; origin-; geographical-distribution; crop-damage;
life-cycle; insect-control; irrigation-; insecticides-; biological- control-agents; rhizotrogus-majalis
71. NAL Call No.: SB599.C8
Evaluation of a Pasteuria penetrans alone and in combination with oxamyl, plant resistance and
solarization for control of Meloidogyne spp. on vegetables grown in greenhouses in Crete.
Tzortzakakis, E. A.; Gowen, S. R. Crop-prot v.13(6): p.455-462. (1994 Sept.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: cucumis-sativus; lycopersicon-esculentum; hybrids-; pest-resistance;
meloidogyne-incognita; meloidogyne-javanica; plant-parasitic- nematodes; bacillus-penetrans;
biological-control-agents; oxamyl-; soil-solarization; crop-yield; roots-; galls-;
population-density; efficacy-; nematode-control; biological-control; chemical-control;
integrated-pest-management; nematode-egg-production
72. NAL Call No.: SB599.E97
Evaluation of antagonistic bacteria for suppression of bacterial ring rot of potato.
Gamard, P.; De Boer, S. H. Eur-j-plant-pathol v.101(5): p.519-525. (1995 Sept.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: solanum-tuberosum; clavibacter-michiganensis; clavibacter-michiganensis-subsp;
-sepedonicus; bacterial-diseases; plant-disease-control; biological-control; screening-;
biological-control-agents; bacteria-; antagonism-
73. NAL Call No.: 1.9-P69P
Evaluation of bacterial epiphytes isolated from avocado leaf and fruit surfaces for biocontrol of
avocado postharvest diseases.
Korsten, L.; De Jager, E. S.; De Villers, E. E.; Lourens, A.; Kotze, J. M.; Wehner, F. C.
Plant-dis. [St. Paul, Minn., American Phytopathological Society] v.79 (11)p.1149-1156 (1995
Nov.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: persea-americana; avocados-; plant-pathogenic-fungi; postharvest-decay;
disease-control; biological-control; epiphytes-; isolation-; fungal- antagonists; screening-;
bacillus-subtilis; biological-control-agents; efficacy-; bacterial-epiphytes
Abstract: Bacteria isolaled from Fuerte avocado leaf and fruit surfaces were evaluated for in
vitro antagonism toward Dothiorella aromatica. Thirty- three bacteria exhibiting pronounced
growth inhibition were further tested for antibiosis against Collelotrichum gloeosporioides,
Thyronectria pseudotrichia, Phomopsis perseae, Pestalotiopsis versicolor, and Fusarium solani.
Optimum disease-reducing concentrations of Bacillus subtilis (isolate B246) exhibiting the
highest degree of antibiosis were determined according to a checkerboard-type titration assay, by
artificial inoculations on Fuerte and Edranol avocado fruit in the laboratory. Various
concentrations (10(5), 10(6), 10(7), and 10(8) cells ml-1) of B. subtilis were also incorporated
into commercial Tag-wax and applied to Hass avocado fruit in the packinghouse for control of
anthracnose, Dothiorella/Colletotrichum fruit rot complex (DCC), and stem-end rot (SE). In the
artificial inoculation study, increasing concentrations of B. subtilis were effective against
increasing concentrations of C. gloeosporioides, F. solani, and T. pseudotrichia. Control of D.
aromatica was significant at the lower (10(3) and 10(4) cells ml-1) pathogen concentrations,
whereas inhibition of P. perseae and P. versicolor was more readily achieved at the lower (10(5)
and 10(6) cells ml-1) antagonist concentrations. In the packinghouse, a B. subtilis concentration
of 10(7) cells ml-1 significantly reduced anthracnose and SE externally and internally, while the
lower B. subtilis concentrations (10(5) and 10(6) cells ml-1) were effective against internal
DCC. Based on treatment means of all external and internal postharvest disease data, all B.
subtilis concentrations performed.
74. NAL Call No.: S587.T47
Evaluation of fungicides against potato late blight.
Platt, H. W.; Reddin, R. D. Tests-agrochem-cultiv v.124(15): p.30-31. (1994 June)
Supplement to Annals of applied biology, volume 124.
Descriptors: solanum-tuberosum; phytophthora-infestans; blight-; plant-disease-control;
efficacy-; chemical-control; biological-control; fungicides-; pesticide-mixtures;
bacillus-thuringiensis; incidence-; crop-yield; tubers-
75. NAL Call No.: 464.8-P56
Evaluation of Pythium nunn as a potential biocontrol agent against Phytophthora root rots of
azalea and sweet orange.
Fang, J. G.; Tsao, P. H. Phytopathology v.85(1): p.29-36. (1995 Jan.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: rhododendron-; citrus-sinensis; phytophthora-cinnamomi;
phytophthora-citrophthora; phytophthora-nicotianae-var; -parasitica; plant- disease-control;
biological-control; pythium-; root-rots; pathogenicity-; inoculum-density; hyperparasitism-
Abstract: Pythium nunn parasitized the hyphae, sporangia, chlamydospores, and sexual organs
of five isolates of P. cinnamomi, P. citrophthora, and P. parasitica in vitro, and caused inhibition
of mycelial growth of these isolates. Population densities of P. nunn in a peat/sand mix,
monitored up to 8 wk, declined gradually unless 1% ground rolled oats were added to the mix at
2 wk. Population densities of all three Phytophthora spp. also increased after 1% ground rolled
oats were added. Population densities of P. cinnamomi, P. citrophthora and one isolate of P.
parasitica in oat-amended treatments were reduced in the presence of P. nunn, but no reduction
in population densities of the other isolate of P. parasitica occurred in the presence of P. nunn,
with or without oats. The effectiveness of P. nunn in suppressing root rot of azalea
(Rhododendron spp.) caused by P. cinnamomi or P. parasitica, and root rot of sweet orange
(Citrus sinensis) caused by P. parasitica, was evaluated in the peat/sand mix amended with 1%
ground rolled oats in greenhouse tests. P. nunn at 300 propagules per gram did not suppress
azalea or sweet orange root rot. At 1,000 propagules per gram, it significantly suppressed sweet
orange root rot caused by P. parasitica P. nunn did not affect the growth of azalea but slightly
reduced sweet orange seedling growth.
76. NAL Call No.: 1.9-P69P
Evaluation of rhizosphere bacteria for biological control of pythium root rot of greenhouse
cucumbers in hydroponic culture.
Rankin, L.; Paulitz, T. C. Plant-dis. [St. Paul, Minn., American Phytopathological Society] v.78
(5) p.447-451 (1994 May)
Includes references.
Descriptors: cucumis-sativus; pythium-; root-rots; plant-disease-control; biological-control;
pseudomonas-corrugata; pseudomonas-fluorescens; strains-; biological-control-agents;
fungal-antagonists; hydroponics-; dry-matter-accumulation; crop-yield; fruits-;
pythium-aphanidermatum
77. NAL Call No.: 421-J822
Evaluation of steinernematid nematodes against Popillia japonica (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
larvae: species, strains, and rinse after application.
Selvan, S.; Grewal, P. S.; Gaugler, R.; Tomalak, M. J-econ-entomol v.87(3): p.605-609. (1994
June)
Includes references.
Descriptors: lawns-and-turf; popillia-japonica; neoaplectana-glaseri; steinernema-;
entomophilic-nematodes; biological-control-agents; steinernema-anomali
Abstract: We evaluated the efficacy of Steinernema glaseri Steiner (strains NC, NJ-43, and a
strain genetically selected for improved efficacy, SI- 12), Steinernema anomali Kozodai (Ryazan
strain), and Steinernema sp. (RGV strain) for the control of Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica
Newman, larvae in the laboratory and field. Virulence of nematodes was assessed by the
mortality of the host larvae and by the number of nematodes established per host. In laboratory
tests, NJ-43 and SI-12 strains of S. glaseri were significantly more virulent to larvae than the NC
strain, S. anomali or Steinernema sp. Similar results were obtained in field tests, where the
NJ-43 and SI-12 strains produced 66 and 65% reductions of japanese beetle larval population as
compared with the NC strain that produced a 44% reduction. Steinernema anomali and
Steinernema sp. were as effective as the NC strain of S. glaseri. Nematodes could be
successfully applied during midday, if washed from the grass surface with a rinse after
application. We conclude that the choice of nematode strain and rinsing of nematodes after
application are important factors in obtaining control of japanese beetle populations in turfgrass.
78. NAL Call No.: 75.8-P842
Evaluation of yeasts for biological control of Fusarium dry rot of potatoes.
Schisler, D. A.; Kurtzman, C. P.; Bothast, R. J.; Slininger, P. J. Am-potato-j v.72(6): p.339-353.
(1995 June)
Includes references.
Descriptors: potatoes-; potato-stores; storage-decay; dry-rot; gibberella-pulicaris;
fusarium-solani-var; -coeruleum; fungicide-tolerance; strains-; biological-control;
cryptococcus-laurentii; pseudomonas-fluorescens; pichia-; debaryomyces-; antagonists-;
biological-control-agents; pichia-farinosa; debaryomyces-; robertsiae-
79. NAL Call No.: SB379.A9A9
An evolving program of integrated pest management.
Morse, J. G.; Klonsky, K. Calif-grow v.18(4): p.XXI-XXVI. (1994 Apr.)
Descriptors: citrus-; citrus-fruits; insect-control; mite-control; mollusc-control;
chemical-control; cost-benefit-analysis; integrated-pest-management; california-
80. NAL Call No.: S544.3.N7A4
Expectations for IPM in 1994.
Ullrich, M. Agfocus p.2. (1994 Mar.)
Descriptors: integrated-pest-management; crops-
81. NAL Call No.: QL461.A52
Extension and evaluation of a simplified monitoring program in New York apples.
Agnello, A. M.; Kovach, J.; Nyrop, J. P.; Reissig, W. H.; Breth, D. I.; Wilcox, W. F.
Am-entomol v.40(1): p.37-49. (1994 Spring)
Includes references.
Descriptors: malus-; orchards-; integrated-pest-management; control-programs; insect-control;
project-implementation; new-york
82. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
The fertilization efficiency increase in integrated vegetable field production.
Nowosielski, O. Acta-hortic (371): p.371-379. (1994 July)
Paper presented at the Seventh International Symposium on Timing Field Production of
Vegetables held August 23-27, 1993, Skierniewice, Poland.
Descriptors: vegetables-; fertilizer-requirement-determination; plant-analysis; soil-analysis;
application-methods; integrated-control; crop-production
83. NAL Call No.: 421-J822
Field electroantennogram and behavioral responses of Epiphyas postvittana (Lepidoptera:
Tortricidae) under low pheromone and inhibitor concentrations.
Suckling, D. M.; Karg, G.; Bradley, S. J.; Howard, C. R. J-econ-entomol v.87(6): p.1477-1487.
(1994 Dec.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: epiphyas-postvittana; mating-disruption; pheromones-; mating-disrupters;
biological-control; efficacy-; orchards-; malus-pumila; new- zealand
Abstract: Mating disruption of Epiphyas postvittana (Walker) was studied in two 0.1-ha plots at
a 10.6-ha apple orchard each with either 0, 100, 200, or 400 dispensers per hectare; the
dispensers released an attractive blend of pheromone (54.9 mg [E]-11-tetradecenyl acetate and
2.5 mg of [E,E]-9,11-tetradecadienyl acetate) and inhibitor (19.7 mg of [Z]-11-tetradecenyl
acetate). The incidence of mating of tethered females placed in treated or untreated plots
significantly increased with the increased numbers of males released. Mating was reduced with
estimated pheromone release rates at dusk from 1.1-4.4 mg/ha/h. In the control plots, trap catch
(mean +/- SEM) over 173 d was 0.207 +/- 0.074 males per trap per day. In the pheromone and
inhibitor treatments, 0.004 +/- 0.003 males per trap per day were caught in the
100-dispensers-per- hectare plots and 0.001 +/- 0.001 males per trap per day in the
200-dispensers-per-hectare plots. No moths were caught at 400-dispensers-per- ha level. Mating
frequency averaged 12.9% of the control level at 173 d after treatment, with release rates from
0.15-0.51 mg/ha/h. Electroantennogram signals recorded in treated apple-orchard plots showed a
significant effect from increasing the rate of dispenser application after 83 d. Pheromone and
inhibitor levels had higher variance in the grass between rows of trees than within the tree rows.
By 140 d after treatment, no electroantennogram response to pheromone and inhibitor was
distinguishable above the orchard background volatiles. However, the standard error of
electroantennogram responses was negatively correlated with release rate. Time series of
continuous electroantennogram recordings over 30-60 s also showed significant. grass rows.
84. NAL Call No.: 421-J822
Field evaluation of insecticide application strategies on development of insecticide resistance by
Colorado potato beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae).
Huang, H.; Smilowitz, Z.; Saunders, M. C.; Weisz, R. J-econ-entomol v.87(4): p.847-857. (1994
Aug.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: leptinotarsa-decemlineata; fenvalerate-; endosulfan-; azinphos-methyl-; oxamyl-;
bacillus-thuringiensis; application-methods; insecticide- resistance; integrated-pest-management;
pennsylvania-; esfenvalerate-; bacillus-thuringiensis-subsp; -tenebrionis
Abstract: Five insecticide application regimes were evaluated to investigate their influence on
development of insecticide resistance in field populations of Colorado potato beetle,
Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say). These regimes included season-long sequential esfenvalerate
applications; two alternate uses of esfenvalerate, azinphosmethyl, endosulfan, oxamyl, and
Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. tenebrionis; an integrated pest management (IPM) program; and one
early season esfenvalerate application. Response of Colorado potato beetle from each treatment
to four insecticides was determined at the beginning and end of the growing season. A
filter-paper technique was used to estimate the concentration-response relationship for first
instars, and a topical application bioassay was used to measure response of adults. Differences in
esfenvalerate susceptibility existed among treatments in the early season; these differences were
correlated with frequency of esfenvalerate applications during the previous season. Populations
from all field treatments at the end of season showed an increase in resistance to esfenvalerate
and endosulfan but not to azinphosmethyl or oxamyl. Increases in resistance generally were
related to the frequency that a specific chemical was applied. We observed significant
correlations between increase in esfenvalerate resistance and number of esfenvalerate
applications in a given regime; 10 applications resulted in a 3.6-fold increase. Direct selection by
esfenvalerate appeared to be the primary factor in development of resistance in these
populations. Consequently, we suggest that reduction of repeated pyrethroid use is critical for
limiting resistance development. The lowest increase in. development.
85. NAL Call No.: 75.8-P842
Field selection for esfenvalerate resistance by the Colorado potato beetle.
Huang, H.; Smilowitz, Z.; Saunders, M. C.; Weisz, R. Am-potato-j v.72(1): p.1-12. (1995 Jan.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: solanum-tuberosum; leptinotarsa-decemlineata; insecticide-resistance;
pyrethroid-insecticides; azinphos-methyl-; endosulfan-; oxamyl-; bacillus-thuringiensis;
cryolite-; integrated-pest-management; chemical-control; insecticide-application; regimes-;
sequential-application
86. NAL Call No.: S544.3.N7A4
Fighting fungi provide biocontrol of grape diseases.
Bernard, L. Agfocus p.16. (1994 July)
Descriptors: fungal-diseases; biological-control; vitis-vinifera; vitis-labrusca; mildews-;
fusarium-proliferatum; new-york
87. NAL Call No.: SB945.F8F75--1994
Fruit flies and the sterile insect technique.
Calkins, C. O.; Klassen, W.; Liedo, P.; International Congress of Entomology (1992 : Peking,
C. 258p. (CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL , 1994)
Papers from the International Congress of Entomology, held in Beijing, China, June 27-July 4,
1992.
Descriptors: Fruit-flies-Biological-control-Congresses; Insect-sterilization-Congresses
88. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Fruit set and yield of papaya (Carica papaya L.) under integrated management to reduce ringspot
viruses effects.
Perez, E. G.; Hernandez, A. Y. L.; Ortiz, D. T.; Angel, D. N. Acta-hortic (370): p.145-150. (1995
Sept.)
Paper presented at the International Symposium on Tropical Fruits: Improving the Quality of
Tropical Fruits, November 7-12, 1993, Vitoria, Espirito Santo State, Brazil.
Descriptors: carica-papaya; papaw-ringspot-virus; fruiting-; crop-quality; crop-yield;
crop-management; integrated-control; mexico-
89. NAL Call No.: QH540.E23
Fundamental differences between conventional and organic tomato agroecosystems in California.
Drinkwater, L. E.; Letourneau, D. K.; Workneh, F.; Van Bruggen, A. H.; Shennan, C. Ecol-appl
v.5(4): p.1098-1112. (1995 Nov.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: lycopersicon-esculentum; organic-farming; farming-; fertilizers-; pesticides-;
organic-amendments; biological-control; soil-chemistry; soil- biology; soil-flora; soil-insects;
soil-arthropods; insect-communities; community-ecology; biological-activity-in-soil;
pyrenochaeta-lycopersici; fungal-diseases; crop-yield; insect-pests; nitrogen-; mineralization-;
low-input-agriculture; california-; conventional-farming
90. NAL Call No.: SB945.F8F79-1996
Future trends in fruit fly management.
Aluja, M. Fruit fly pests a world assessment of their biology and management / p.309-320.
(1996)
Paper presented at the Fourth International Symposium on Fruit Flies of Economic Importance
held June 5-10, 1994, Sand Key, Florida.
Descriptors: tephritidae-; insect-pests; insect-control; integrated-pest-management; habitats-;
sterile-insect-release; biological-control; parasites-of- insect-pests
91. NAL Call No.: S605.5.O74
Get beneficials to protect your garden.
Poncavage, J. Org-gard v.43(5): p.36-40. (1996 May-1996 June)
Descriptors: horticultural-crops; insect-control; biological-control; beneficial-organisms;
domestic-gardens
92. NAL Call No.: 80-Am329
Growing orchids the organic way.
Kapuler, A. M. Am-Orchid-Soc-bull v.63(7): p.774-779. (1994 July)
Descriptors: orchidaceae-; greenhouse-culture; organic-farming; integrated-pest-management
93. NAL Call No.: SB608.T87H35--1994
Handbook of integrated pest management for turfgrass and ornamentals. Integrated pest
management for turfgrass and ornamentals.
Leslie, A. R. 1. 660 p. (Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton FL, 1994)
Rev. ed. of: Integrated pest management for turfgrass and ornamentals. 1989.
Descriptors: Turfgrasses-Diseases-and-pests-Integrated-control-Handbooks,-manuals,-etc;
Landscape-plants-Diseases-and-pests-Integrated-control- Handbooks,-manuals,-etc;
Turf-management-Handbooks,-manuals,-etc
94. NAL Call No.: SB599.J69
Host plant resistance to insects in integrated pest management in vegetable crops.
Eigenbrode, S. D.; Trumble, J. T. J-agric-entomol v.11(3): p.201-224. (1994 July)
Includes references.
Descriptors: vegetables-; insect-pests; pest-resistance; varietal-resistance;
integrated-pest-management; integrated-control; plant-breeding
95. NAL Call No.: 421-J822
Host preference and suitability of two aphelinid parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) for
aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) on citrus.
Yokomi, R. K.; Tang, T. Q. J-econ-entomol v.88(4): p.840-845. (1995 Aug.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: aphis-gossypii; aphis-spiraecola; toxoptera-aurantii; aphelinus-; parasitoids-;
host-preferences; parasitism-; sex-ratio; body-weight; parasites-of-insect-pests;
biological-control-agents; species-differences; citrus-; aphelinus-spiraecolae; aphelinus-gossypii;
host-suitability
Abstract: Laboratory tests were conducted to estimate the host preference and suitability of the
aphelinid parasitoids, Aphelinus spiraecolae Evans & Schauff and Aphelinus gossypii
Timberlake, for the melon aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover; the spirea aphid, Aphis spiraecola
Patch; and the black citrus aphid, Toxoptera aurantii (Boyer de Fonscolombe). Both parasitoids
attacked all 3 host aphids in choice tests, but A. spiraecolae showed a preference for the spirea
aphid; whereas Aphelinus gossypii preferred the melon aphid. Results were similar in no-choice
tests. Adult emergence rate of A. spiraecolae was substantially higher when the spirea aphid and
the black citrus aphid were hosts compared with when the host was the melon aphid. A.
spiraecolae female sex ratios were higher when the host was the spirea aphid than with the black
citrus aphid or the melon aphid. Aphelinus gossypii adult emergence rates were higher on the
melon aphid than on the spirea aphid or the black citrus aphid. Female sex ratios of Aphelinus
gossypii were 70.2, 54.5, and 62.3% when reared on the melon aphid, spirea aphid, and the black
citrus aphid, respectively, but these differences were not statistically significant. Development
times of the aphelinids reared on the 3 aphid hosts were not significantly different. Adult
biomass of A. spiraecolae was higher when reared on the spirea aphid (30.3 and 22.2 micrograms
for females and males, respectively) than on the melon aphid (23.1 and 17.9 micrograms) or the
black citrus aphid (28.8 and 22.0 micrograms). Biomass of Aphelinus gossypii were higher
when reared on the melon aphid (33.6 and 22.1 micrograms for females and males, respectively)
and the black citrus aphid (32.6. preferred and suitable host for A. spiraecolae, whereas the
melon aphid was a preferred host of Aphelinus gossypii under our test conditions. These
aphelinids, therefore, may have potential to act in concert as natural enemies of aphids on citrus.
96. NAL Call No.: SB599.C8
Hot pepper (Capsicum spp.) production on Java, Indonesia: toward integrated crop management.
Vos, J. G. M.; Duriat, A. S. Crop-prot v.14(3): p.205-213. (1995 May)
Includes references.
Descriptors: capsicum-; crop-production; crop-management; integrated-control; plant-diseases;
plant-protection; crop-yield; tropics-; indonesia-
Abstract: In Indonesia, hot pepper (Cupsicum spp.) is the most important low elevation
vegetable commodity in terms of production area and value. The yield levels are low (2.8 t ha
(-1) in 1989). Poor crop health, low quality of seed material, high production costs, fluctuating
market prices. and farmers' lack of knowledge are major production constraints. Integrated crop
management (ICM) is proposed to overcome major problems with crop health. ICM focuses on
crop health by optimizing crop conditions. ICM seems to be a suitable approach for vegetable
production under tropical lowland conditions, and should lead to ecologically. toxicologically
and socio-economically sound practices.
97. NAL Call No.: 448.3-Ap5
Hrp- mutants of Pseudomonas solanacearum as potential biocontrol agents of tomato bacterial
wilt.
Frey, P.; Prior, P.; Marie, C.; Kotoujansky, A.; Trigalet Demery, D.; Trigalet, A.
Appl-environ-microbiol v.60(9): p.3175-3181. (1994 Sept.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: lycopersicon-esculentum; pseudomonas-solanacearum; wilts-; mutants-;
antagonism-; biological-competition; plant-disease-control; colonizing-ability; roots-; stems-;
fruits-; bacteriocins-; antibacterial-properties
Abstract: There have been many attempts to control bacterial wilt with antagonistic bacteria or
spontaneous nonpathogenic mutants of Pseudomonas solanacearum that lack the ability to
colonize the host, but they have met with limited success. Since a large gene cluster (hrp) is
involved in the pathogenicity of P. solanacearum, we developed a biological control strategy
using genetically engineered Hrp- mutants of P. solanacearum. Three pathogenic strains
collected in Guadeloupe (French West Indies) were rendered nonpathogenic by insertion of an
omega-Km interposon within the hrp gene cluster of each strain. The resulting Hrp- mutants
were tested for their ability to control bacterial wilt in challenge inoculation experiments
conducted either under growth chamber conditions or under greenhouse conditions in
Guadeloupe. Compared with the colonization by a pathogenic strain which spread throughout
the tomato plant, colonization by the mutants was restricted to the roots and the lower part of the
stems. The mutants did not reach the fruit. Moreover, the presence of the mutants did not affect
fruit production. When the plants were challenge inoculated with a pathogenic strain, the
presence of Hrp- mutants within the plants was correlated with a reduction in disease severity,
although pathogenic bacteria colonized the stem tissue at a higher density than the nonpathogenic
bacteria. Challenge inoculation experiments conducted under growth chamber conditions led, in
some cases, to exclusion of the pathogenic strain from the aerial part of the plant, resulting in
high protection rates. Furthermore, there was evidence that one of the pathogenic strains used for
the challenge inoculations produced a bacteriocin that.
98. NAL Call No.: 420-H312
Increased green onion yields associated with abamectin treatments for Liriomyza sativae
(Diptera: Agromyzidae) and Thrips tabaci
Kawate, M. K.; Coughlin, J. A. Proc-Hawaii-Entomol-Soc. Honolulu : Hawaiian Entomological
Society v.32p.103-112 (1995 Aug.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: allium-cepa; liriomyza-sativae; thrips-tabaci; abamectin-; application-rates;
parasitoids-; mortality-; crop-damage; crop-yield; economic- analysis;
integrated-pest-management; hawaii-
99. NAL Call No.: 421-J822
Indirect effect of insecticides on convergent lady beetle (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in pecan
orchards.
Hurej, M.; Dutcher, J. D. J-econ-entomol v.87(6): p.1632-1635. (1994 Dec.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: hippodamia-convergens; larvae-; developmental-stages; beneficial-insects;
biological-control-agents; monelliopsis-pecanis; endosulfan-; carbaryl-; phosmet-; methomyl-;
fenvalerate-; feeding-; mortality-; adult-insects; esfenvalerate-
Abstract: Indirect toxicity through feeding on insecticide-treated prey was determined for five
insecticides at two concentrations each to larvae and adults of convergent lady beetle,
Hippodamia convergens Guerin-Meneville. Endosulfan (0.375 and 0.75 g [AI]/liter), carbaryl
(1.2 and 2.4 g [AI]/liter), phosmet (0.375 and 0.75 g [AI]/liter), methomyl (0.225 and 0.45 g
[AI]/liter), and esfenvalerate (0.015 and 0.03 g [AI]/liter) were toxic to larvae and adults when
convergent lady beetles were fed insecticide-treated yellow pecan aphids, Monelliopsis pecanis
Bissell. Esfenvalerate was a fast-acting insecticide, killing all tested convergent lady beetle life
stages 1 h after feeding on treated yellow pecan aphids. Carbaryl and phosmet were slow-acting
insecticides, causing the greatest mortality after 48 h. Methomyl was the only insecticide that did
not cause 100% mortality to adult convergent lady beetles 48 h after feeding on
insecticide-treated yellow pecan aphids, at both rates tested.
100. NAL Call No.: 1.9-P69P
Induced tolerance to mal secco disease in Etrog citron and Rangpur lime by infection with the
citrus exocortis viroid.
Solel, Z.; Mogilner, N.; Gafny, R.; Bar Joseph, M. Plant-dis. [St. Paul, Minn., American
Phytopathological Society] v.79 (1)p.60-62 (1995 Jan.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: citrus-limonia; citrus-medica; citrus-volkameriana; rootstocks-;
deuterophoma-tracheiphila; fungal-diseases; citrus-exocortis-viroid; strains-; infections-;
induced-resistance; symptoms-; incidence-; biological-control; plant-disease-control
101. NAL Call No.: SB925.B5
Influence of guava ripening on parasitism of the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis
(Hendel)(Diptera: Tephritidae), by Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera:
Braconidae) and other parasitoids.
Purcell, M. F.; Jackson, C. G.; Long, J. P.; Batchelor, M. A. Biol-control v.4(4): p.396-403.
(1994 Dec.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: psidium-guajava; insect-pests; bactrocera-dorsalis; insect-control;
biological-control; biological-control-agents; braconidae-; parasitoids-; parasites-of-insect-pests;
ripening-; parasitism-; biosteres-arisanus; tetrastichus-; biosteres-; population-density-cabt;
estimation-cabt; parasitoid- augmentation-cabt; hawaii-; tetrastichus-giffardianus;
biosteres-vandenboschi; psyttalia-incisi
Abstract: The effects of guava ripening on abundance and parasitism rates of parasitoids of
oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), were determined in three guava (Psidium guajava
L.) orchards. Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) was released in Kilauea, Kauai, and
Waiakea, Hawaii. Natural densities of this parasitoid were measured in a third orchard in
Panaewa, Hawaii. Fruits ripening on the tree and the ground after abscission of fruit were
classified into four categories, ranging from to mature-green to rotten fruit. The egg parasitoid,
Biosteres arisanus (Sonan) was the dominant parasitoid emerging from tree-harvested guavas at
all sites and composed 90-98% of all parasitoids recovered but decreased in abundance as guava
fruit aged on the ground. In all three orchards, D. Longicaudata increased in abundance and
parasitism rates were highest in guavas that remained on the ground for 6-10 days. Consequently,
the impact of this parasitoid is usually underestimated by sampling commercially ripe guava
fruit from the tree or freshly fallen fruit on the ground. The eulophid parasitoid, Tetrastichus
giffardianus (Silvestri), was more abundant in 4- to 9-day-old ground fruit. We discuss modified
sampling methods for population estimation and augmentative release studies of parasitoids of
oriental fruit fly.
102. NAL Call No.: 1.9-P69P
Influence of isolates of Gliocladium virens and delivery systems on biological control of
southern blight on carrot and tomato in the field.
Ristaino, J. B.; Lewis, J. A.; Lumsden, R. D. Plant-dis. [St. Paul, Minn., American
Phytopathological Society] v. 78 (2)p.153-156 (1994 Feb.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: daucus-carota; lycopersicon-esculentum; corticium-rolfsii; blight-;
gliocladium-virens; strains-; biological-control-agents; biological- control; plant-disease-control;
comparisons-; quintozene-; flutolanil-; incidence-; crop-yield; north-carolina; disease-incidence
103. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Influence of soilless cultivation on soilborne diseases.
Gullino, M. L.; Garibaldi, A. Acta-hortic (361): p.341-354. (1994 June)
Paper presented at the International Symposium on New Cultivation Systems in Greenhouse held
April 26-30, 1993, Cagliari, Italy.
Descriptors: soilless-culture; greenhouse-crops; fungal-diseases; plant-diseases; plant-pathogens;
plant-disease-control; biological-control; disease- transmission; horticultural-crops;
soilborne-pathogens
104. NAL Call No.: 275.29-M381Fr
Influence of understory growth and quantity of drops on the establishment of voles in apple
orchards.
Prokopy, R.; Mason, J. Fruit-notes v.59(4): p.10-11. (1994 Fall)
Descriptors: orchards-; roles-; integrated-pest-management
105. NAL Call No.: QL461.E532
Inoculative release of Steinernema scapterisci (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) to suppress pest
mole crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae) on golf courses.
Parkman, J. P.; Frank, J. H.; Nguyen, K. B.; Smart, G. C. Jr. Environ-entomol v.23(5):
p.1331-1337. (1994 Oct.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: lawns-and-turf; scapteriscus-; steinernema-; entomophilic-nematodes;
biological-control; insect-control; golf-courses; florida-
Abstract: Single inoculative applications of Steinernema scapterisci were made on golf courses
in north central (Alachua County) and southeastern (Broward County) Florida.
Nematode-infected Scapteriscus spp. mole crickets were collected from eight of nine treated
plots and from five of six treated plots in Alachua and Broward counties, respectively. However,
infected individuals were collected with regularity from only two courses in Alachua County
where level of infection was greatest during the spring (March-June). Weekly infection levels for
weeks 1-12 after treatment ranged from 0-100%. Infection of Scapteriscus spp. adults from
treated plots in Alachua County, 25.2%, was significantly greater than that for nymphs, 1.2%;
and infection of Scapteriscus borellii, 25.0%, was significantly greater than that of S. vicinus,
11.0%. Nematode- infected mole crickets were collected from four control plots in Alachua
County and from one in Broward County during the 2nd yr after treatment. Significantly fewer
mole crickets were collected in 24-h trap catches the 2nd yr after treatment on all treated plots
combined and control plots combined in both counties. Mean trap catch was reduced 68, 62, and
41% the 2nd yr on treated plots where the nematode persisted; on control plots where infected
crickets were collected; and on control plots where the nematode was not detected, respectively.
Damage ratings and number of mole crickets soap-flushed from treated plots were significantly
reduced the 2nd yr after treatment. Results indicate S. scapterisci can serve as an inoculative
biological control agent for Scapteriscus of pest populations.
106. NAL Call No.: 420-B77
Insect pest and natural enemy populations in paired organic and conventional apple orchards in
the Yakima Valley, Washington.
Knight, A. J-Entomol-Soc-BC. Vancouver : The Society v.91p.27-36 (1994 Dec.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: malus-pumila; mites-; insect-pests; orchards-; organic-farming; natural-enemies;
predators-of-insect-pests; parasites-of-insect-pests; insect- control; mite-control;
chemical-control; carbamate-pesticides; organophosphorus-insecticides;
biological-control-agents; population-density; crop-damage; low-input-agriculture; washington-;
fruit-injury
107. NAL Call No.: HD1476.U52C27
Insectary plants.
Long, R. Small-farm-news. Davis, Calif. : U.C.D. Small Farm Center p. 4 (1995 Sept.-1995
Oct.)
Descriptors: host-plants; attractants-; predators-of-insect-pests; flowering-date; insect-pests;
biological-control; flowering-plants
108. NAL Call No.: 100-C12Cag
Integrated citrus thrips control reduces secondary pests.
Grafton Cardwell, B.; Eller, A.; O'Connell, N. Calif-agric v.49(2): p.23-28. (1995 Mar.-1995
Apr.)
Descriptors: integrated-pest-management; citrus-fruits; thrips-; crop-damage; insecticides-;
california-
109. NAL Call No.: S3.N672--Suppl.-no.17
Integrated control of pome fruit diseases : proceedings of the 3rd workshop held 1993 at Lofthus,
Norway.
Butt, D. J.; Integrated Control of Pome Fruit Diseases Workshop (3rd : 1992 : Lufthus, N. 441p.
( Agricultural University of Norway, Advisory Service , [As, Norway] , 1994)
Includes bibliographical references.
110. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Integrated management of papaya in Mexico.
Flores Revilla, C.; Garcia, C.; Nieto Angel, E.; Teliz Ortiz, A. D.; Villanueva Jimenez, J. A.
Acta-hortic (370): p.151-158. (1995 Sept.)
Paper presented at the International Symposium on Tropical Fruits: Improving the Quality of
Tropical Fruits, November 7-12, 1993, Vitoria, Espirito Santo State, Brazil.
Descriptors: carica-papaya; papaw-ringspot-virus; crop-management; disease-vectors;
crop-density; crop-yield; integrated-control; integrated-pest- management; mexico-
111. NAL Call No.: SB608.P8B63--1994
Integrated pest management for Idaho : potatoes : pocket manual. Potatoes : integrated pest
management for Idaho.
Bohl, W.; Bechinski, E.; University of Idaho. Cooperative Extension System. 43p. (College of
Agriculture, University of Idaho, Cooperative Extension System , Moscow, Idaho , [1994])
Cover title.
Descriptors: Potatoes-Diseases-and-pests-Integrated-control-Idaho-Handbooks,-manuals,-etc;
Pests-Integrated-control-Idaho-Handbooks,-manuals,-etc
112. NAL Call No.: 421-An72
Integrated pest management in European apple orchards.
Blommers, L. H. M. Annu-rev-entomol. Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews, inc. v.39p.213-241
(1994)
Includes references.
Descriptors: integrated-pest-management; apples-; orchards-; malus-pumila; insect-pests;
dysaphis-plantaginea; insect-control; mite-control; biological- control; chemical-control;
natural-enemies; biological-control-agents; typhlodromus-pyri; pesticide-resistance;
predators-of-insect-pests; literature-reviews; europe-
113. NAL Call No.: TX341.F662
Integrated pest management in tree fruit crops.
Brunner, J. F. Food-rev-int v.10(2): p.135-157. (1994)
Special issue on Integrated pest management.
Descriptors: fruit-trees; integrated-pest-management; history-; pesticide-resistance;
literature-reviews
114. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Integrated pest management in vegetable production.
Sastrosiswojo, S. Acta-hortic (369): p.85-100. (1994 Sept.)
Paper presented at the Joint Symposium on Small Scale Vegetable Production and Horticultural
Economics in Developing Countries, June 23-26, 1992, Bogor, Indonesia.
Descriptors: vegetables-; cultivation-; plant-pests; plant-diseases; chemical-control; pesticides-;
adverse-effects; integrated-pest-management; biological-control; indonesia-
115. NAL Call No.: TX341.F662
Integrated pest management in vegetables.
Zehnder, G. Food-rev-int v.10(2): p.119-134. (1994)
Special issue on Integrated pest management.
Descriptors: vegetables-; integrated-pest-management; food-acceptability; food-safety;
literature-reviews
116. NAL Call No.: TP248.27.P55P54
Integrated pest management (IPM) in fruit orchards.
Edland, T. Plant-microb-biotechnol-res-ser. Cambridge [England] ; New York, NY, USA :
Cambridge University Press v.4p.44-50 (1995)
In the series analytic: Biological control: Benefits and risks / edited by H.M.T. Hokkanen and
J.M. Lynch.
Descriptors: orchards-; fruit-trees; insect-pests; integrated-pest-management; integrated-control;
insecticides-; acaricides-; biological-control-agents; biological-control; introduced-species;
natural-enemies; predatory-mites; parasites-of-insect-pests; predators-of-insect-pests;
literature-reviews
117. NAL Call No.: S95.E24
Integrated pest management on grapes in Ontario.
McFadden, W. Spec-rep-N-Y-State-Agric-Exp-Stn (68): p.108. (1994 Jan.)
Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Grapevine Downy Mildew Modeling, held
Aug 26-30, 1991, Cornell University, Geneva, New York.
Descriptors: vitis-; integrated-pest-management; plant-diseases; plant-disorders; fungicides-;
ontario-; endopiza-vitieana
118. NAL Call No.: SB1.H6
Integrating biological control into postharvest disease management strategies.
Roberts, R. G. HortScience v.29(7): p.758-762. (1994 July)
Paper presented at the colloquium "Management of Postharvest Disease Resistance in
Horticultural Crops" held at the 88th American Society for Horticultural Science Annual
Meeting, July 23, 1991, University Park, Pennsylvania.
Descriptors: postharvest-decay; fruit-; apples-; vegetables-; biological-control;
fungal-antagonists; biological-control-agents
119. NAL Call No.: 1.9-P69P
Integration of cultural methods with yeast treatment for control of postharvest fruit decay in pear.
Sugar, D.; Roberts, R. G.; Hilton, R. J.; Righetti, T. L.; Sanchez, E. E. Plant-dis. [St. Paul, Minn.,
American Phytopathological Society] v.78 (8)p.791-795 (1994 Aug.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: pyrus-communis; penicillium-; phialophora-; postharvest-decay;
cryptococcus-deuteromycotina; cryptococcus-laurentii; biological-control- agents;
biological-control; integrated-control; thiabendazole-; controlled-atmosphere-storage;
harvesting-date; calcium-; nitrogen-content; fruits- ; cryptococcus-flavus
120. NAL Call No.: 450-P5622
Interactions between the glycoalkaloids solasonine and solamargine in relation to inhibition of
fungal growth.
Fewell, A. M.; Roddick, J. G.; Weissenberg, M. Phytochemistry-Oxford v.37(4): p.1007-1011.
(1994 Nov.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: solanum-khasianum; fruits-; plant-extracts; antifungal-properties; glycoalkaloids-;
phoma-medicaginis; alternaria-brassicicola; rhizoctonia- solani; plant-pathogenic-fungi;
plant-disease-control; biological-control; synergism-; mycelium-; growth-; inhibition-
Abstract: Inhibition of mycelium development in Phoma medicaginis and Rhizoctonia solani by
solamargine and solasonine generally increased with increasing pH. P. medicaginis was the
more susceptible species and solamargine the more potent compound. Solasonine was inactive
against R. solani over the tested pH range (5-8). Dose-response curves confirmed these
differential effects. Solamargine caused 50% growth inhibition in P. medicaginis at 60
micromolar (at pH 7) whereas no other treatment achieved this effect at 100 micromolar.
Combinations of 50 micromolar of each glycoalkaloid produced synergistic effects against both
fungi, especially R. solani which was essentially unaffected by either compound, but
significantly inhibited by a 1:1 mixture of the two. The magnitude of the synergism was not
affected by a pH change between 6 and 7. Spore germination in Alternaria brassicicola was
markedly inhibited by 100 micromolar solamargine but unaffected by 100 micromolar
solasonine or either compound at 50 micromolar. In P. medicaginis, neither glycoalkaloid was
inhibitory up to 150 micromolar. In combination, the two compounds caused synergistic effects
in both species, but to a much greater extent in A. brassicicola.
121. NAL Call No.: SB945.F8F79-1996
Inundative release of the parasitoid Diachasmimorpha longicaudata for the control of the
Caribbean fruit fly, Anastrepha suspensa.
Burns, R. E.; Diaz, J. D.; Holler, T. C. Fruit fly pests a world assessment of their biology and
management / p.377-381. (1996)
Paper presented at the Fourth International Symposium on Fruit Flies of Economic Importance
held June 5-10, 1994, Sand Key, Florida.
Descriptors: anastrepha-suspensa; braconidae-; parasitoids-; parasites-of-insect-pests;
parasitoid-augmentation; insect-control; florida-
122. NAL Call No.: aZ5071.N3
IPM and biological control of plant pests: horticultural crops, January 1992-December 1993.
Gates, J. P. Quick-bibliogr-ser. Beltsville, Md., National Agricultural Library v.94-12p.84 (1994
Mar.)
Updates QB 92-41.
Descriptors: horticultural-crops; integrated-pest-management; plant-pests;
biological-control-agents; natural-enemies; bibliographies-
123. NAL Call No.: 60.18-UN33
IPM, monitoring, and management plans--a mandate for the future.
Peacock, C. H.; Smart, M. M. USGA-Green-Sect-rec v.33(3): p.10-14. (1995 May-1995 June)
Includes references.
Descriptors: integrated-pest-management; golf-courses; insect-pests; lawns-and-turf; pesticides-;
monitoring-; environmental-management; sustainability-
124. NAL Call No.: QH301.N32
IPM of Thrips palmi in vegetables.
Johnson, M. W. NATO-ASI-ser,-Ser-A,-Life-sci. New York : Plenum v.276p.381-387 (1995)
In the series analytic: Thrips biology and management / edited by B. L. Parker, M. Skinner and
T. Lewis. 28-30, 1993, Burlington, Vermont.
Descriptors: citrullus-lanatus; cucumis-sativus; thrips-palmi; infestation-;
integrated-pest-management; oxamyl-; avermectins-; chemical-control; low- input-agriculture;
frankliniella-occidentalis; damage-; leaves-; population-density; crop-yield; hawaii-
125. NAL Call No.: 81-M384
IPM systems for orchard soils: groundcover management vs. weed control.
Merwin, I. N-Engl-fruit-meet. North Amherst, Mass. : Massachusetts Fruit Growers' Association
v.101p.43-49 (1995)
Meeting held January 18-19, 1995, Sturbridge, Massachusetts.
Descriptors: integrated-pest-management; orchards-; ground-cover-plants; weed-control;
cover-crops; mulches-; herbicides-; new-york
126. NAL Call No.: QL461.E532
Is the Oriental fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) a natural host for the opiine parasitoid
Diachasmimorpha tryoni (Hymenoptera: Braconidae).
Ramadan, M. M.; Wong, T. T. Y.; Herr, J. C. Environ-entomol v.23(3): p.761-769. (1994 June)
Includes references.
Descriptors: bactrocera-dorsalis; braconidae-; parasitoids-; biological-control-agents;
host-preferences; diachasmimorpha-longicaudata; superparasitism-
Abstract: Laboratory and field experiments were conducted to determine the suitability of the
oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), for the development of Diachasmimorpha tryoni
(Cameron). In the laboratory, parasitism of individual B. dorsalis larvae by 6-10 D. tryoni eggs
killed and prevented the pupation of 8.0 +/- 3.7% of the parasitized hosts and the emergence of
50.0 +/- 7.1% of the puparia. Mortality of immature B. dorsalis increased significantly as the
rate of superparasitism increased. A mean of 68.0 +/- 6.6% of B. dorsalis that received 1-5 D.
tryoni eggs per larva pupated and eclosed to morphologically normal flies. These flies contained
melanized eggs of the parasitoid in their abdomens. In uneclosed hosts which received 6-10
parasitoid eggs per larva, melanized eggs along with 1-6 melanized first-instar parasitoids were
recorded. Parasitism of B. dorsalis by D. tryoni alone never results in parasitoid development
beyond the first instar. However, in a heterospecific parasitism test involving D. tryoni and
Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead), approximately equal to 1/10 of the parasitized
puparia eclosed to adult D. tryoni. Average percentage of D. tryoni females emerging from such
neutralized B. dorsalis (parasitized by D. longicaudata before or after exposure to D. tryoni to
block host immunity) was 81 to 92%. Emergence of D. tryoni from field collected B. dorsalis
was also very low (0.35% emergence; 8 D. tryoni adults out of 2,279 B. dorsalis puparia). We
conclude that contrary to the published host-range lists, neither laboratory-reared nor wild B.
dorsalis are natural hosts for the opiine parasitoid D. tryoni.
127. NAL Call No.: 421-J822
Knowledge-based reasoning in integrated resistance management: the Colorado potato beetle
(Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae).
Weisz, R.; Saunders, M.; Smilowitz, Z.; Huang, H.; Christ, B. J-econ-entomol v.87(6):
p.1384-1399. (1994 Dec.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: leptinotarsa-decemlineata; insect-pests; insecticide-resistance;
integrated-pest-management; crop-yield; production-; economics-; expert- systems
Abstract: The Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), is one of 13 insect and
mite species in which development of insecticide resistance has become "critical." In this paper,
we review methods for controlling this important agricultural pest while managing insecticide
resistance. Many of these strategies were incorporated into an integrated pest management (IPM)
program for northeastern potato growers and encapsulated in a knowledge-based expert system
(PotatoES). Three years of field trails evaluating the IPM expert system's ability to act as a
surrogate for a human specialist, its capability to manage Colorado potato beetle resistance
development in experimental and commercial fields, and its impact on crop yields and
production economics were conducted. Comparison of management recommendations made by
PotatoES with those of a human IPM specialist demonstrated a high degree of agreement. Under
experimental field conditions Colorado potato beetle insecticide resistance development was
always best managed in populations controlled with the IPM program. In commercial production
settings, the expert system resulted in similar (under low insect pressure) or superior (under
higher insect pressure) control of resistance development compared with grower practices.
Implementation of the IPM program in commercial production was more expensive than
standard practices, but resulted in higher crop yields and greater net profits. These results
demonstrate the potential utility of knowledge-based approaches to integrated resistance
management by showing that these systems can capture and faithfully represent the specialized
crop, insect, and disease management knowledge of. practically used as a treatment in a field
trial and, as such, be validated in terms of their worth in agricultural decision support.
128. NAL Call No.: 420-F662
Laboratory and field olfactory attraction of the Mexican fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) to
metabolites of bacterial species.
Martinez, A. J.; Robacker, D. C.; Garcia, J. A.; Esau, K. L. Fla-entomol v.77(1): p.117-126.
(1994 Mar.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: anastrepha-ludens; insect-pests; bacteria-; metabolites-; insect-attractants;
trapping-; insect-control; biological-control; biological-control- agents
129. NAL Call No.: 421-J822
Laboratory evaluation of mineral oils for control of codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae).
Riedl, H.; Halaj, J.; Kreowski, W. B.; Hilton, R. J.; Westigard, P. H. J-econ-entomol v.88(1):
p.140-147. (1995 Feb.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: cydia-pomonella; mineral-oils; application-rates; ova-; topical-application; larvae-;
developmental-stages; mortality-; fruits-; behavior- patterns; insect-control; biological-control;
efficacy-; adult-insects; avoidance-behavior
Abstract: Horticultural mineral oils are ovicides against the codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.),
when applied directly to the eggs. The susceptibility of eggs to the oil varied depending on the
substrate on which eggs were laid. On an inert surface such as waxed paper, young eggs were
three times as susceptible as eggs laid on apples. Susceptibility to oil changed little throughout
the incubation period except just before hatch when egg susceptibility dropped markedly. There
was no difference in ovicidal activity among three commercial horticultural mineral oils. Eggs
laid on top of oil residue were not affected at labeled rates. Topical treatment of neonates caused
no mortality at concentrations equivalent to field rates. Oil residue on the fruit surface did not
inhibit neonates from entering fruit tissue. Moths suffered no mortality from direct oil
treatments. Although the total number of eggs deposited by oil-treated and untreated moths was
the same (107.5 and 90.3 eggs per female, respectively), treated moths discharged their egg
supply at a faster rate. Female moths avoided fruit surface with oil residue for oviposition.
Results suggest that dilute applications of 1% horticultural mineral oil may not be adequate for
reducing codling moth egg hatch in the field.
130. NAL Call No.: 421-J822
Lack of efficacy of in vivo- and putatively in vitro-produced Bacillus popilliae against field
populations of Japanese beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) grubs in Kentucky.
Redmond, C. T.; Potter, D. A. J-econ-entomol v.88(4): p.846-854. (1995 Aug.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: popillia-japonica; bacillus-popilliae; efficacy-; bacterial-spores; formulations-;
in-vitro; comparisons-; infectivity-; larvae-; entomopathogenic-bacteria; bacterial-diseases;
feeding-behavior; lawns-and-turf; biological-control; biological-control-agents; kentucky-;
milky-disease
Abstract: Use of Bacillus popilliae Dutky, causal agent of milky disease in Japanese beetle
grubs, has been limited because of its inability to produce infective spores in vitro. Recently,
putative milky disease products produced by a patented in vitro process were marketed. We
evaluated in vivo- and putatively in vitro-produced commercial spore formulations for efficacy
against Japanese beetle grubs in laboratory and field trials. In soil confinement assays,
infectivity by feeding (per os) was greater for the traditional spore powder made by maceration
of diseased grubs than for the putative in vitro formulation. However, in multi-year field trials
on 2 golf courses, neither product was effective in inducing higher levels of milky disease or in
reducing grub populations. Application of a full dose (2 g) of spore powder, the amount normally
applied every 1.2 m in a grid pattern, within 0.1-m2 field enclosures failed to induce milky
disease in grub populations in soil directly beneath the treated turf. Laboratory-infected 3rd
instars in late phases of milky disease continued to feed on grass roots. Putatively in
vitro-produced formulations were recalled from the market in 1991 because of questions about
the identity of the bacterial spores they contained. We challenge the evidence that commercially
available spore powder, applied according to conventional methods, is effective for suppressing
localized grub populations in turfgrass, and suggest that standard recommended practices for use
of milky disease bacteria should be reevaluated.
131. NAL Call No.: 421-J822
Larviposition response of Myiopharus doryphorae (Diptera: Tachinidae) to Colorado potato
beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) larvae treated with lethal and sublethal doses of Bacillus
thuringiensis Berliner subsp. tenebrionis.
Lopez, R.; Ferro, D. N. J-econ-entomol v.88(4): p.870-874. (1995 Aug.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: leptinotarsa-decemlineata; myiopharus-doryphorae; larvae-; bacillus-thuringiensis;
bacterial-insecticides; lethal-dose; parasitoids-; parasitism-; sexual-reproduction;
host-preferences; parasites-of-insect-pests; biological-control-agents
Abstract: Larviposition response of Myiopharus doryphorae (Riley) toward Colorado potato
beetle. Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), host larvae fed for periods of 1 or 24 h on lethal and
sublethal doses of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner subsp. tenebrionis was studied under
greenhouse conditions. A significantly shorter delay occurred before the 1st larviposition in
hosts fed for 1 h on lethal and sublethal doses of B. thuringiensis compared with the time before
larviposition in hosts fed untreated foliage (control). Time before 1st larviposition in hosts fed
for 24 h on sublethal doses of B. thuringiensis was also significantly shorter than that for hosts
fed lethal doses and control. A substantially lower total number of parasitoid larvae were
deposited in hosts fed foliage treated with lethal doses of B. thuringiensis for 24 h than in those
fed for 1 h; the lowest rate of parasitization occurred in the hosts fed for 24 h at the lethal dose
level. Parasitoid acceptance of sublethally intoxicated Colorado potato beetle larvae and their
ability to overcome weaker defensive reactions of these hosts, together with their rejection of
lethally infected hosts, indicated that host selection may be based more on manifestations of host
vigor and defense than a direct reaction to the presence or absence of B. thuringiensis toxin.
132. NAL Call No.: S451.M6M582
Lawn care practices to reduce the need for fertilizers and pesticides.
Mugaas, R. J. [Minnesota Extension Service folders]. St. Paul, Minn. : The Service
v.FO-5890-Bp.4 (1995)
In the subseries: Clean Air.
Descriptors: lawns-and-turf; lawn-soils; organic-amendments; irrigation-; mowing-;
cutting-height; thatch-; cultural-control; pest-control; integrated- pest-management;
chemical-control; agricultural-chemicals
133. NAL Call No.: S441.S855
A 'living laboratory/classroom' for the integration of research and education efforts on alternative
vegetable production systems.
Steffen, K. L. Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education SARE research projects Northeast
Region. p. 47 (1995)
SARE Project Number: LNE92-32. Record includes floppy disk and Common Ground for
sustaining agriculture. Reporting period for this report is January 1995 to December 1995.
Descriptors: lycopersicon-esculentum; zea-mays; phaseolus-vulgaris; cucumis-sativus;
brassica-oleracea-var; -capitata; crop-yield; soil-properties; plant- disease-control;
integrated-pest-management; sustainability-; plant-analysis; nutrient-content; shoots-; fruits-;
weed-control; pennsylvania-
134. NAL Call No.: 1.9-P69P
Locally established botrytis fruit rot of Myrica faya, a noxious weed in Hawaii.
Duffy, B. K.; Gardner, D. E. Plant-dis. [St. Paul, Minn., American Phytopathological Society]
v.78 (9)p.919-923 (1994 Sept.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: myrica-faya; weeds-; botrytis-cinerea; fungal-diseases; weed-control;
biological-control; disease-surveys; disease-distribution; disease- transmission; disease-vectors;
seeds-; viability-; hawaii-
135. NAL Call No.: SB599.C8
Management of arthropods on columnar apple trees using exclusionary cages.
Lawson, D. S.; Reissig, W. H.; Nyrop, J. P.; Brown, S. K. Crop-prot v.13(5): p.346-356. (1994
Aug.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: malus-; arthropod-pests; population-density; cultural-control; mite-control;
insect-control; biological-control; biological-control; predatory- mites; panonychus-ulmi;
tetranychus-urticae; aculus-schlechtendali; zetzellia-mali; predator-prey-relationships;
protected-cultivation; crop- damage; mesh-cages; typhodromus-pyri
136. NAL Call No.: SB415.C625
Management of fungus gnats and shore flies.
Lindquist, R. K. Conn-greenh-newsl (183): p.18-22. (1994 Dec.-1995 Jan.)
Descriptors: greenhouse-crops; sciaridae-; ephydridae-; crop-damage; disease-transmission;
life-cycle; cultural-control; chemical-control; biological- control
137. NAL Call No.: 100-Id14
Managing benzimidazole resistance in the potato dry rot fungus.
Nolte, P. Bull-Univ-Ida,-Coll-Agric. Moscow : Idaho Agricultural Experiment Station v.EXT
769p.7 (1994 Oct.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: solanum-tuberosum; potatoes-; seed-potatoes; gibberella-pulicaris;
fungicide-tolerance; etiology-; benzimidazole-; fungicides-; integrated- pest-management;
diagnostic-techniques; usa-; fungicide-combinations; fungicide-alternation
138. NAL Call No.: S67.P82
Managing nematodes in the home garden.
Oversteet, C.; Whitam, K.; McGawley, E. Pub-La-Coop-Ext-Serv. [Baton Rouge, La.?] :
Cooperative Extension Service, Center for Agricultural Sciences and Rural Development,
Louisiana State University & Agricultural & Mechanical College v.1606, rev.p.16 (1994 July)
Descriptors: nematode-control; domestic-gardens; meloidogyne-incognita; horticultural-crops;
rotylenchulus-reniformis; control-programs; integrated- pest-management; disease-resistance;
varieties-; louisiana-
139. NAL Call No.: QH301.N32
Manipulation of the predacious mite, Euseius tularensis (Acari: Phytoseiidae), with pruning for
citrus thrips control.
Grafton Cardwell, E. E.; Ouyang, Y. NATO-ASI-ser,-Ser-A,-Life-sci. New York : Plenum .
v.276 p.251-254 (1995)
In the series analytic: Thrips biology and management / edited by B. L. Parker, M. Skinner and
T. Lewis. 28-30, 1993, Burlington, Vermont.
Descriptors: euseius-; predatory-mites; predators-of-insect-pests; scirtothrips-citri;
biological-control-agents; biological-control; encouragement-; shoot- pruning;
population-density; citrus-sinensis
140. NAL Call No.: SB599.J69
Mating disruption of codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) with polyethylene tube dispensers:
determining emission rates and the distribution of fruit injuries.
Knight, A. L.; Howell, J. F.; McDonough, L. M.; Weiss, M. J-agric-entomol v.12(2/3): p.85-100.
(1995 Apr.-1995 July)
Includes references.
Descriptors: malus-pumila; cydia-pomonella; larvae-; population-density; mating-disruption;
sex-pheromones; tubes-; crop-damage; biological-control; efficacy-; washington-
141. NAL Call No.: QL750.O3
Mechanisms of interspecific competition that result in successful control of Pacific mites
following inoculations of willamette mites on grapevines.
Hougen Eitzman, D.; Karban, R. Oecologia v.103(2): p.157-161. (1995)
Includes references.
Descriptors: vitis-; vineyards-; tetranychus-pacificus; eotetranychus-willamettei;
interspecific-competition; shoots-; crop-damage; induced-resistance; mite-control;
biological-control; california-
142. NAL Call No.: SB415.C625
Melon aphids.
Pundt, L. S. Conn-greenh-newsl (179): p.11-14. (1994 Apr.-1994 May)
Includes references.
Descriptors: horticultural-crops; aphis-gossypii; characteristics-; life-cycle; crop-damage;
biological-control; chemical-control; insecticides-; weed- control
143. NAL Call No.: 100-C12Cag
Minimizing the hazards of dormant sprays to wildlife.
Calif-agric v.49(3): p.4-5. (1995 May-1995 June)
Descriptors: organophosphorus-insecticides; oils-; hawks-; wildlife-; spraying-; orchards-; drift-;
risk-; cholinesterase-; inhibition-; application-rates; integrated-pest-management; california-;
red-tailed-hawks
144. NAL Call No.: QL461.E532
Mortality of Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) eggs in cotton as a function of oviposition
sites, predator species, and desiccation.
Nuessly, G. S.; Sterling, W. L. Environ-entomol v.23(5): p.1189-1202. (1994 Oct.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: gossypium-hirsutum; helicoverpa-zea; ova-; fruits-; flowers-; leaves-; predation-;
predators-of-insect-pests; mortality-; soil-temperature; desiccation-
Abstract: Predation rates of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) eggs on cotton plants were determined by
placing 32P-labeled moth eggs on different types of plant structures throughout the vertical
strata of cotton plants. There was a slight trend for predation rates to be greater toward the top of
the plants. Egg predation rates were higher on mainstem and fruiting branch terminals, and on
blooms than on other plant parts. Similar predation rates (= 75%) were observed on abaxial and
adaxial leaf surfaces. Seasonal predation rates averaged 81.7 and 81.4 in 1982 and 1983,
respectively. Rates began high each year (81.8-100%) and slowly decreased toward the end of
the growing season when rates ranged from 55 to 80%. Predation by sucking predators ranged
from 14.2-37.0%; Orius tristicolor (White), O. insidiosus (Say), Geocoris punctipes (Say), and
Pseudatomoscelis seriatus (Reuter) were the most important. Chewing predators accounted for
0.8-22.9% of the predation. Solenopsis invicta (Buren) was observed removing more eggs from
plants than any other predator species. Ground based predators added significantly to egg
predation. Mortality rates of eggs dislodged to the soil surface were also investigated. Nearly
90% of eggs placed on the soil surface were predated in < 48 h. Eggs that escaped predation but
that were exposed to high midday soil temperatures (e.g., 45.5 degrees C) died of exposure.
Larvae safely enclosed from eggs placed in shaded locations near the plant bases.
145. NAL Call No.: QL461.E532
Native Hawaiian insects attracted to the semiochemical methyl eugenol, used for male
annihilation of the Oriental fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae).
Asquith, A.; Kido, M. Environ-entomol v.23(6): p.1397-1408. (1994 Dec.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: drosophila-; muscidae-; phoridae-; nontarget-organisms; susceptibility-;
methyl-eugenol; bait-traps; height-; bactrocera-dorsalis; insect- control; biological-control;
hawaii-; malaise-traps
Abstract: This study addressed the potential susceptibility of native Hawaiian insects to the
semiochemical methyl eugenol used for male annihilation of the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera
dorsalis (Hendel). The effects of trap type (methyl eugenol, methyl eugenol + toxin, toxin only,
and control) and trap height (0, 1, 2, or 4 m above ground) were studied in native forest on the
island of Kauai. A malaise trap was used to determine the relative abundance of insects in the
immediate vicinity of the methyl eugenol traps. Seven species of native Hawaiian
Drosophilidae, two species of Muscidae, and one species of Phoridae were found to be attracted
to methyl eugenol. For four other taxa, including species of Miridae, Anobiidae, and
Proctotrupidae, attraction to methyl eugenol is suggested but equivocal. For all species except
Drosophila villosipedis (Drosophilidae) and Brachyserphus hawaiiensis (Proctotrupidae) both
males and females were attracted to methyl eugenol. For Drosophila perissopoda, Drosophila
basimacula, Scaptomyza varipicta, and Scaptomyza rostrata, ground level traps caught
significantly more individuals than traps above ground, and for all drosophilids, 4-m high traps
caught the fewest individuals. Among non- Drosophilidae, trap height was not a significant
factor in captures for only the Anobiidae and Sarona species (Miridae). Megaselia sp. (Phoridae)
was similar to Scaptomyza tantalia (Drosophilidae) in that almost all individuals were captured
in ground level traps. Orthotylus sp. (Miridae) was the only species in which 4-m high traps
caught the greatest number of individuals. For Lispocephala species (Muscidae) and B.
hawaiiensis, 1-2-m high traps tended to catch more individuals than the ground-level or 4-m. (D.
villosipedis, D. basimacula) or they captured only a portion of the local pool of individuals (S.
varipicta, D. perissopoda, D. kokeensis, Lispocephala spp.). Because of the low level of
attraction displayed by the native insects and the potential to mitigate the impact by placement
of baits in the forest canopy, it is suggested that an environmentally acceptable application of
methyl eugenol can be devised for use in the Hawaiian Islands.
146. NAL Call No.: QH301.N32
Native predators of western flower thrips in horticultural crops.
Riudavets, J.; Castane, C.; Gabarra, R. NATO-ASI-ser,-Ser-A,-Life-sci. New York : Plenum
v.276p.255-258 (1995)
In the series analytic: Thrips biology and management / edited by B. L. Parker, M. Skinner and
T. Lewis. 28-30, 1993, Burlington, Vermont.
Descriptors: orius-; orius-albidipennis; orius-niger; miridae-; predatory-insects;
predators-of-insect-pests; natural-enemies; biological-control-agents; biological-control;
predation-; frankliniella-occidentalis; biological-development; life-cycle; horticultural-crops;
spain-; dicyphus-tamaninii; macrolophus-caliginosus; orius-majusculus; orius-laevigatus;
orius-laticollis
147. NAL Call No.: SB925.B5
Natural enemies in straw-mulch reduce Colorado potato beetle populations and damage in
potato.
Brust, G. E. Biol-control v.4(2): p.163-169. (1994 June)
Includes references.
Descriptors: solanum-tuberosum; insect-pests; leptinotarsa-decemlineata; insect-control;
biological-control; natural-enemies; wheat-straw; straw- mulches; population-density; efficacy-;
biological-control-agents; cultural-methods; mulching-; indiana-
Abstract: The effects of mulching on Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata)
populations and damage to potato are reported. Potato plots were established in 1991 and wheat
straw was placed in half the treatments after potato emergence. Quadrat samples were taken of
soil predators and plants were visually searched for all Colorado potato beetle stages and foliar
predators. In both 1991 and 1992, mark-release- recapture experiments were conducted on adult
populations of the Colorado potato beetle. Mulching had no significant effect on beetle
migration. The number of second, third, and fourth instars of first-generation Colorado potato
beetle and all instars of second-generation Colorado potato beetle was significantly lower in
mulch than in nonmulch plots. A significant increase in number of soil predators began in mulch
plots approximately 2-3 weeks after straw was placed in the field. Many of the soil predators
climbed potato plants and fed on second and third instars of the Colorado potato beetle. Eggs
and first and second instars of the Colorado potato beetle were heavily fed on by coccinelids and
chrysopids. Significantly more Colorado potato beetle eggs and larvae experienced mortality in
mulch plots than nonmulch plots. Nonmulch plots suffered 2.5 times more defoliation than
mulch plots. Tuber yields were 35 and 32% greater in mulch plots than in nonmulch plots in
1992 and 1992, respectively. Higher populations of natural enemies in mulch plots than in
nonmulch plots probably accounted for the increase in yield by reducing Colorado potato beetle
foliage feeding.
148. NAL Call No.: SB945.F8F79-1996
The natural host plants of Anastrepha in the state of Amazonas, Brazil.
Da Silva, N. M.; Neto, S. S.; Zucchi, R. A. Fruit fly pests a world assessment of their biology
and management / p.353-357. (1996)
Paper presented at the Fourth International Symposium on Fruit Flies of Economic Importance
held June 5-10, 1994, Sand Key, Florida.
Descriptors: anastrepha-; infestation-; insect-pests; host-plants; food-plants; neosilba-; surveys-;
fruits-; parasitoids-; parasites-of-insect-pests; amazonas-
149. NAL Call No.: 448.39-So12
Natural wine yeasts as biocontrol agents.
Suzzi, G.; Romano, P.; Ponti, I.; Montuschi, C. J-appl-bacteriol v.78(3): p.304-308. (1995 Mar.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: saccharomyces-cerevisiae; endomycetales-; yeasts-; biological-control-agents;
plant-pathogenic-bacteria; grapes-; biological-control; fungal-antagonists; zygosaccharomyces-
Abstract: A total of 586 natural wine yeasts, belonging to different genera, were tested for their
antagonistic effect on fungal pathogens. A low percentage of yeast strains completely inhibited
the pathogens and the biocontrol activity was found to be a strain characteristic and did not
solely depend on species or genus. Among the antagonists, two strains of Saccharomyces
cerevisiae and one of Zygosaccharomyces showed a broad spectrum of antagonistic activity
against 10 fungal pathogens.
150. NAL Call No.: 1.98-Ag84
Nematode takes on Japanese beetle grubs.
Lyons Johnson, D. Agric-res v.44(2): p.12-13. (1996 Feb.)
Descriptors: golf-courses; lawns-and-turf; popillia-japonica; larvae-; insect-control;
biological-control; neoaplectana-glaseri; biological-control-agents; agricultural-research
151. NAL Call No.: 275.29-M381Fr
O'say can you see mite predators in apple orchards.
Prokopy, R. J.; Hu, X.; Mason, J. Fruit-notes v.59(3): p.20-21. (1994 Summer)
Descriptors: integrated-pest-management; microscopy-; orchards-; leaves-; fruit-trees;
neoseiulus-fallacis; typhlodromus-pyri; zetzellia-mali; massachusetts-
152. NAL Call No.: QL750.O3
Odour-mediated foraging by yellowjacket wasps (Hymentopera: Vespidae): predation on leks of
pheromone-calling Mediterranean fruit fly males (Diptera: Tephritidae).
Hendrichs, J.; Katsoyannos, B. I.; Wornoayporn, V.; Hendrichs, M. A. Oecologia v.99(1/2):
p.88-94. (1994)
Includes references.
Descriptors: ceratitis-capitata; vespula-germanica; predation-; predators-of-insect-pests;
foraging-; animal-behavior; mating-behavior; sex-pheromones; odors-; smell-; kairomones-;
orchards-; canopy-; foliage-; greece-
153. NAL Call No.: 421-C16
Orthosia hibisci guenee (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): indigenous parasitoids and the impact of
Earinus limitarus (Say) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) on its host feeding activity.
Cossentine, J. E.; Jensen, L. B. Can-entomol v.127(4): p.473-477. (1995 July-1995 Aug.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: malus-pumila; prunus-; orchards-; orthosia-; orthosia-hibisci; parasitoids-;
biological-control-agents; feeding-behavior; biological-control; insect-control; efficacy-;
british-columbia; earinus-limitarus
154. NAL Call No.: QL461.S65
Oviposition rate in tires by Toxorhynchites theobaldi females released in a pecan orchard in
northeastern Mexico. Tasa de oviposition en llantas de hembras de Toxorhynchites theobaldi
liberadas en una huerta de nogal en el noreste de Mexico.
Alvarado Castro, J. A.; Reyes Villanueva, F. Southwest-entomol v.20(2): p.215-221. (1995 June)
Includes references.
Descriptors: toxorhynchites-theobaldi; oviposition-; tires-; fecundity-; ova-; female-animals;
release-; carya-illinoinensis; orchards-; biological-control- agents; aedes-aegypti; mexico-
155. NAL Call No.: QL461.M5
Parasitism of cranberry fruitworm (Acrobasis vaccinii; Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) by endemic or
released Trichogramma pretiosum
Simser, D. Great-Lakes-entomol v.27(4): p.189-196. (1995 Winter)
Includes references.
Descriptors: vaccinium-macrocarpon; acrobasis-; damage-; trichogramma-pretiosum;
parasitism-; biological-control; massachusetts-
156. NAL Call No.: QL391.N4J62
Parasitism of nematodes by the fungus Hirsutella rhossiliensis as affected by certain organic
amendments.
Jaffee, B. A.; Ferris, H.; Stapleton, J. J.; Norton, M. V. K.; Muldoon, A. E. J-nematol v.26(2):
p.152-161. (1994 June)
Includes references.
Descriptors: macroposthonia-xenoplax; hirsutella-; nematophagous-fungi; parasitism-;
microbial-pesticides; biological-control-agents; biological- control; poultry-manure;
wheat-straw; cattle-manure; peach-orchard-soils
Abstract: Experiments were conducted to determine whether the addition of organic matter to
soil increased numbers of bacteriovorous nematodes and parasitic activity of the nematophagous
fungus Hirsutella rhossiliensis. In a peach orchard on loams sand parasitism of the plant-parasitic
nematode Criconemella xenoplax by H. rhossiliensis was slightly suppressed and numbers of C.
xenoplax were not affected by addition of 73 metric tons of composted chicken manure/ha. In
the laboratory, numbers of bacterivorous nematodes (especially Acrobeloides spp) and
fungivorous nematodes increased but parasitism of nematodes by H. rhossiliensis usually
decreased with addition of wheat straw or composted cow manure to a loamy sand naturally
infested with H. rhossiliensis. These results do not support the hypothesis that organic
amendments will enhance parasitism of nematodes by H. rhossiliensis.
157. NAL Call No.: QL461.E532
Parasitism of tufted apple bud moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in conventional insecticide and
pheromone-treated Pennsylvania apple orchards.
Biddinger, D. J.; Felland, C. M.; Hull, L. A. Environ-entomol v.23(6): p.1568-1579. (1994 Dec.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: malus-pumila; platynota-idaeusalis; parasitoids-; parasitism-; insecticides-;
mating-behavior; integrated-pest-management; pennsylvania-
Abstract: A faunistic study was conducted over a four year period in apple orchards utilizing
different pesticide management strategies to determine the parasitoid complex of the tufted
apple bud moth, Platynota idaeusalis (Walker). The relative effectiveness of these parasitoids as
control agents in conventional orchards using broad-spectrum insecticides was compared to
those using pheromone-mediated mating disruption to control P. idaeusalis. Limited samples
were also taken of other tortricids found in these orchards to determine if they were serving as
alternate hosts for P. idaeusalis parasitoids. Thiry-one parasitoid and two hyperparasitoid species
were recovered during this study which, when combined with other records, present a total
parasitoid complex of 41 species for P. idaeusalis. Total parasitism was higher for summer brood
P. idaeusalis larvae in mating disruption orchards than in conventional orchards. Total
parasitism of the overwintering brood of P. idaeusalis was higher than the summer brood in
conventional orchards. Rates of parasitism were comparable in mating distruption during both
broods. The ichneumon Exochus atriceps Walsh. was the most common parasitoid species, and
it attacked both broods of P. idaeusalis. The braconids Meteorus trachynotus Viereck, Bassus
anulipes (Cresson), B. cinctus (Cresson), Apanteles polychrosidis Viereck, and an Apanteles sp.
near edwardsii Riley were also common but the attacked only the overwintering brood. Four
undescribed species of braconids were found during this study.
158. NAL Call No.: 1.9-P69P
Partial control of grape powdery mildew by the mycoparasite Ampelomyces quisqualis.
Falk, S. P.; Gadoury, D. M.; Pearson, R. C.; Seem, R. C. Plant-dis. [St. Paul, Minn., American
Phytopathological Society] v.79 (5)p.483-490 (1995 May)
Includes references.
Descriptors: vitis-; uncinula-necator; strains-; fungal-diseases; plant-disease-control;
biological-control; ampelomyces-quisqualis; hyperparasitism-; screening-; host-range;
virulence-; inoculation-methods; culture-techniques; dispersal-; viability-; efficacy-; wick-culture
Abstract: Ampelomyces quisqualis normally infects senescent colonies of Uncinula necator in
late summer. Our objective was to introduce the mycoparasite at the start of an epidemic, and
thereby reduce the rate of disease increase. Prior to establishing field trials, isolates of A.
quisqualis were evaluated for pathogenicity, virulence, and host range in greenhouse and
laboratory assays. Infection of powdery mildew colonies only occurred when plants were kept
wet and resulted in sporulation of A. quisqualis within 10 days. Two isolates of A. quisqualis
(G5 and G273) were evaluated for pathogenicity and virulence against 18 monoconidial isolates
of U. necator on grape seedlings and showed little evidence of pathogenic specialization. Three
isolates (G273, SF419, and SF423) were equally pathogenic to Sphaerotheca fuliginea on
cucurbit, S. macularis on strawberry, and U. necator on grape seedlings. All A. quisqualis
isolates appear to have a broad host range and cause significant damage to powdery mildew
colonies. Pycnidia of A. quisqualis G273 were produced on cotton wicks saturated with malt
extract agar or wheat bran malt extract agar. Wicks were suspended above grapevines of Vitis
vinifera 'Riesling' and Vitis interspecific hybrid Aurore. Conidia were dispersed during rain to
infect powdery mildew colonies while leaf surfaces were wet. Conidia were released for 3
months in 1990 from a single deployment of wicks. Higher numbers of conidia were released
during the entire growing season in 1992 and 1993 due to replenishment of colonized wicks at
monthly intervals. Wicks released conidia for 1 to 2 months in 1992 and 1993 before becoming
depleted. Powdery mildew development was reduced on Riesling vines in 1990 following.
quisqualis-colonized wicks. High rainfall in 1992 provided ample opportunities for dispersal of
inoculum of the mycoparasite and the wet conditions were conducive to parasitism. Disease
development was late and much reduced in 1993, which was a drier season than 1992.
Consequently, no differences were observed in A. quisqualis-treated and untreated plots in the
same vineyard that year.
159. NAL Call No.: SB945.F8F79-1996
The past and potential of biological control of fruit flies.
Sivinski, J. M. Fruit fly pests a world assessment of their biology and management / p.369-375.
(1996)
Paper presented at the Fourth International Symposium on Fruit Flies of Economic Importance
held June 5-10, 1994, Sand Key, Florida.
Descriptors: tephritidae-; biological-control; biological-control-agents; parasitoids-;
parasites-of-insect-pests; parasitoid-augmentation; sterile-insect- release;
predators-of-insect-pests; literature-reviews
160. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Pear production in Washington State: a system overview.
Willet, M. J. Acta-hortic (367): p.201-206. (1994 June)
Paper presented at the Sixth International Symposium on Pear Growing, July 12-14, 1993,
Medford, Oregon.
Descriptors: pyrus-; fruit-trees; crop-production; integrated-pest-management; washington-
161. NAL Call No.: SB321.G85
Pepper integrated pest management (IPM)--introduction.
Boucher, T. J.; Ashely, R. A. Grower. Storrs, Conn. : Cooperative Extension Service, U.S.
Department of Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, The University of
Connecticut . v.94 (11) p.1-4 (1994 Nov.)
Descriptors: capsicum-; sowing-; transplanting-; seedlings-; plant-diseases; soil-types;
irrigation-; fertilizers-; spacing-; weed-control; temperature-; returns-;
integrated-pest-management; newfoundland-
162. NAL Call No.: SB950.A1P3
The pest status of Phenacoccus parvus Morrison (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae).
Marohasy, J. Int-j-pest-manag v.40(4): p.337-340. (1994 Oct.-1994 Dec.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: phenacoccus-; host-range; horticultural-crops; geographical-distribution;
weed-control; lantana-camara; biological-control; beneficial- insects; insect-pests
163. NAL Call No.: SB379.A9A9
Pesticide use on California citrus: a baseline to measure progress in adoption of IPM.
Morse, J. G.; Klonsky, K. Calif-grow v.18(4): p.XVI, IXX-XX. (1994 Apr.)
Descriptors: citrus-; citrus-fruits; integrated-pest-management; insect-control; mite-control;
mollusc-control; chemical-control; california-
164. NAL Call No.: 421-J822
Physiological and behavioral characteristics of Chilocorus spp. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in the
laboratory relative to effectiveness in the field as biocontrol agents.
Hattingh, V.; Samways, M. J. J-econ-entomol v.87(1): p.31-38. (1994 Feb.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: citrus-; aphididae-; chilocorus-; laboratory-rearing; predators-of-insect-pests;
biological-control-agents; south-africa; chilocorus-nigritus
Abstract: Differences between six Chilocorus spp. in their usefulness as biocontrol agents in
southern Africa were reflected in aspects of physiological and behavioral measurements
derived from a quality monitoring program in the laboratory. natural climatic adaptations and
distributions of Chilocorus bipustulatus (L.), C. cacti L., C. distigma (Klug), C. infernalis
(Mulsant), C. nigritus (Fabricius), and C. simoni Sicard were not as accurately reflected in the
relationship between feeding rate and temperature as in mortality as a function of time of
exposure to high temperature. The effects of various rearing and handling procedures were
evaluated focusing on C. nigritus. The vigor of C. nigritus was not improved by maintenance
under fluctuating temperatures. Feeding rates of this species were lower during the scotophase
than during the photophase and increased as a function of duration of starvation. The weights
of adult Chilocorus spp. at eclosion was a function of larval diet and increased with adult
feeding for variable lengths of time depending on species and larval diet before plateauing.
These results have implications for the rearing of, experimentation with, and use in biocontrol
of these Chilocorus spp.
165. NAL Call No.: SB599.E97
Plant growth enchancement and disease control by Trichoderma harzianum in vegetable
seedlings grown under commercial conditions.
Near, J.; Abramsky, M.; Cohen, D.; Chet, I. Eur-j-plant-pathol v.100(5): p.337-346. (1994 Oct.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: cucumis-sativus; capsicum-annuum; plant-disease-control; damping-off;
fungal-diseases; seedlings-; biological-control; trichoderma- harzianum; soil-fumigation;
cultural-control; efficacy-; biological-control-agents; growth-rate; incidence-
166. NAL Call No.: SB599.C8
Plants used in controlling the potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller).
Das, G. P. Crop-prot v.14(8): p.631-636. (1995 Dec.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: phthorimaea-operculella; plants-; plant-extracts; insect-control; biological-control;
literature-reviews
Abstract: A survey of literature (published from 1915 to 1993) on the plants used for the control
of the potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) has revealed that the preparations
from 35 plant species are effective against the pest either in the storage (non-refrigerated) or in
the laboratory. In some studies chopped and dried leaves were used, while in others leaf/seed
extracts, fruit peel, bulb, root and rhizome were used. Plant preparations are effective in
reducing the pest damage or killing at different stages of the pest.
167. NAL Call No.: 448.39-So12
Population dynamics of Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica on the surface of intact and
wounded seed potatoes during storage.
Vuurde, J. W. L. v.; Vries, P. M. de. J-appl-bacteriol v.76(6): p.568-575. (1994 June)
Includes references.
Descriptors: seed-potatoes; erwinia-carotovora-subsp; -atroseptica; surfaces-; injuries-;
postharvest-treatment; storage-; population-dynamics; integrated- control; harvest-injuries
Abstract: Population dynamics of Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica (Eca) on the tuber
surface during storage (2-4 degrees C) and pregermination, were studied by plating extracts of 6
mm2 point samples on crystal violet pectate medium. To investigate the effect of harvest
damage on Eca survival, intact, skinned (epidermis removed), and peeled (complete peel
removed) tubers from a dry (pF 3.4) and from a wet (pF 2.0) soil were inoculated either
immediately after harvesting or after air drying for 4 h. Eca numbers on intact tuber surface
decreased rapidly after inoculation, whereas at the skinned and peeled surface numbers were
significantly increased 2 d after harvest. Tubers peeled and inoculated with Eca were rotted by 2
d after harvest while tubers peeled and dried before inoculation did not rot; however, populations
were significantly increased 2 d after harvest. For all treatments Eca numbers per point sample
decreased to below detection limits 180 d after harvest. Examination of 600 mm2 surface
samples of the various treatments 222 d after harvest showed that Eca populations were still
present. The number of tubers contaminated with colony-forming units (cfu) of Eca was
significantly lower for intact surface inoculated tubers from dry soil than for those of the other
treatments. Drying for 4 h before inoculation resulted in a significant reduction of the number of
Eca cfu positive tubers compared to all other treatments. The ELISA OD values of the 600 mm2
surface samples at day 222 were almost all positive and showed only a slight difference between
the average of the tubers containing culturable Eca cells and those without culturable Eca cells.
168. NAL Call No.: 421-B87
The population dynamics of the white peach scale and its parasitoids in a mulberry orchard in
Campania, Italy.
Pedata, P. A.; Hunter, M. S.; Godfray, H. C. J.; Viggiani, G. Bull-entomol-res v.85(4):
p.531-539. (1995 Dec.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: pseudaulacaspis-pentagona; aphytis-proclia; encarsia-berlesei; aphelinidae-;
parasitoids-; hyperparasitoids-; parasitism-; hyperparasitism-; parasites-of-insect-pests;
population-dynamics; population-density; density-dependence; seasonal-abundance; morus-;
orchards-; campania-; pteroptrix-orientalis; azotus-perspeciosus; superparasitism-;
multiple-parasitism
169. NAL Call No.: QL461.E532
Population dynamics of woolly apple aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) in West Virginia apple
orchards.
Brown, M. W.; Schmitt, J. J. Environ-entomol v.23(5): p.1182-1188. (1994 Oct.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: malus-pumila; orchards-; eriosoma-lanigerum; population-dynamics;
microhabitats-; spatial-distribution; pyrethroid-insecticides; chemical- control; aphelinus-mali;
parasitoids-; biological-control; insect-control; west-virginia
Abstract: Woolly apple aphid, Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausmann), populations were studied in
eastern West Virginia from 1985 to 1989. In an unsprayed orchard, peak abundance of arboreal
populations was 22-24 colonies per tree in early June each year. Spraying the orchard with a
pyrethroid three times during 1989 had little effect on the population behavior, demonstrating the
resilience of the woolly apple aphid and its natural enemy guild. Nearly 20% of the aphid
colonies in June had syrphid larvae present and parasitism by Aphelinus mali (Haldeman) was >
50% in July. Age structure of arboreal woolly apple aphid colonies varied through the summer
with a significant reduction in first instars in July, signaling a return of aphids to the edaphic
from the arboreal environment at that time. Samples of arboreal populations were not useful for
predicting year-to-year population abundance or the extent of root infestations in a managed
orchard. Microhabitat preference of arboreal colonies during the spring was for wound sites and
other protected feeding sites on the tree branches and trunk. Leaf axils were the predominant
microhabitat (51% of the colonies observed) from the end of May through August. Cicada
oviposition sites were also highly preferred, with one orchard having 98% of the colonies in
cicada oviposition scars. Woolly apple aphid colonies were observed more often in wounds and
protected sites on branches in sprayed orchards and in high density populations than in unsprayed
or low density populations. We suggest that these protected sites act as refugia for woolly apple
aphid populations in apple orchards.
170. NAL Call No.: 410-Ec7
Population regulation in theory and practice.
Murdoch, W. W. Ecology v.75(2): p.271-287. (1994 Mar.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: population-dynamics; predator-prey-relationships; host-parasite-relationships;
aonidiella-aurantii; aphytis-melinus; feeding-behavior; evolution-; biological-control; citrus-
171. NAL Call No.: 421-J822
Population trends of twospotted spider mite (Acari: Tetranychidae) on four resistant strawberry
cultivars and their relationship to fruiting.
MacFarlane, J. R.; Hepworth, G. J-econ-entomol v.87(3): p.817-820. (1994 June)
Includes references.
Descriptors: fragaria-; tetranychus-urticae; population-density; pest-resistance; cultivars-;
integrated-pest-management
Abstract: A rapid decline in twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, populations
occurred in late spring on four cultivars of strawberry, Fragaria X ananassa Duchesne, despite
differences in mite density between cultivars. The decline occurred on both young and old
leaflets and coincided with fruit harvest. Mite numbers dropped sharply 2 wk after the beginning
of fruit harvest in November but did not reach zero until near the finish of fruiting in March. The
decline in mite populations has important implications for integrated pest management in
strawberries because it can lead to an overestimate of the ability of predators to suppress mites.
172. NAL Call No.: SB599.C35
Potato extension activities in the Maritime Provinces.
Perley, S. Can-J-plant-pathol v.16(2): p.143-145. (1994 June)
Paper presented at the "Symposium on Plant Pathology in Action," July, 26-29, 1992,
Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island.
Descriptors: solanum-tuberosum; plant-diseases; plant-disorders; storage-disorders; potatoes-;
extension-; insect-pests; integrated-pest-management; plant-disease-control; insect-control;
canada-
173. NAL Call No.: QH301.A76
Potato pest management.
Cisneros, F.; Gregory, P. Asp-appl-biol (39): p.113-124. (1994)
In the series analytic: The impact of genetic variation on sustainable agriculture / edited by
A.N.E. Birch, A.M. Isaac, E.J.P. Marshall, W.T.B. Thomas and A.K. Thompson.
Descriptors: solanum-tuberosum; premnotrypes-; liriomyza-huidobrensis;
phthorimaea-operculella; integrated-pest-management; peru-; mexico-
174. NAL Call No.: SB319.2.F6F56
Potential mitigation of the threat of the brown citrus aphid, Toxoptera citricida (Kirkaldy), by
integrated pest management.
Yokomi, R. K.; Tang, Y. Q.; Nong, L.; Kok Yokomi, M. L. Proc-annu-meet-Fla-State-Hort-Soc.
[S.l.] v.106p.81-85 (1994 May)
Meeting held October 19-21, 1993, Miami Beach, Florida.
Descriptors: citrus-; toxoptera-citricidus; citrus-tristeza-closterovirus; biological-control;
parasitoids-; predators-of-insect-pests
175. NAL Call No.: QL461.E532
Potential of adult carabids (Coleoptera: Carabidae) as predators of fifth-instar codling moth
(Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in apple orchards in California.
Riddick, E. W.; Mills, N. J. Environ-entomol v.23(5): p.1338-1345. (1994 Oct.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: cydia-pomonella; carabidae-; predators-of-insect-pests; predation-;
feeding-behavior; biological-control-agents; malus-pumila; orchards-
Abstract: This investigation compared the potential of adult carabids (ground beetles) as
predators of fifth-instar codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.). The three objectives of the research
were the following: (1) to determine which species could kill C. pomonella, (2) to compare the
degree of carnivory and consumption pattern of selected species of carabids, and (3) to estimate
carabid predation of C. pomonella in the field. The results indicated that 75% or more of
Pterostichus lustrans LeConte, Pterostichus cursitor LeConte, Pterostichus (Hypherpes) spp.,
Harpalus pensylvanicus DeGeer, or Anisodactylus californicus Dejean individuals were capable
of killing C. pomonella in the laboratory. The most effective predators were species of
Pterostichus, even when an alternative plant food (rolled oats) was provided. An average of 60%
of tethered C. pomonella were consumed each night by carabids in early June, but predation
intensity declined June-July. The carabid species seen attacking tethered prey included Agonum
punctiforme Say, Calathus ruficollis Dejean, H. pensylvanicus, and P. (Hypherpes) spp. Adults
of Pterostichus species appear to be important early-season predators of C. pomonella in
orchards.
176. NAL Call No.: QL461.S65
Predation on the soil inhabiting stages of the Mexican fruit fly.
Thomas, D. B. Southwest-entomol v.20(1): p.61-71. (1995 Mar.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: anastrepha-ludens; larvae-; habitats-; predation-; predators-of-insect-pests;
life-cycle; solenopsis-
177. NAL Call No.: QL461.E532
Prevalence of natural fungal mortality of green peach aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) on potatoes
and nonsolanaceous hosts in Washington and Idaho.
Kish, L. P.; Majchrowicz, I.; Biever, K. D. Environ-entomol v.23(5): p.1326-1330. (1994 Oct.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: solanum-tuberosum; food-plants; myzus-persicae; mortality-; entomogenous-fungi;
biological-control; insect-control; washington-; idaho-
Abstract: Green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Selzer), populations were monitored and
examined for pathogens at Moscow and Troy, ID, in 1991 and near Yakima, WA, in 1991-1992.
M. persicae infesting a peach orchard, broadleaf weeds within and around the periphery of the
orchard, and nearby potato fields near Yakima were observed from March until November.
Potatoes and nonsolanaceous plants in home gardens in Moscow and Troy also were monitored
for M. persicae and examined for pathogens during the growing season. In 1991, aphid numbers
reached a maximum of 6,070 per 5-15-cm peach twig segments on 29 May but only nine per
15-0.15-m twig segments in 1992. Fungal pathogen activity was barely discernible on tree-borne
aphids in the orchard but was observed more frequently from aphids infesting weeds beneath the
trees. An epizootic of Entomophthorales occurred on aphids infesting solanaceous (potatoes) and
nonsolanaceous hosts in home gardens in Moscow and Troy, (Latah County), Idaho, in 1991.
Verticillium lecanii (Zimmerman) Viegas was identified from M. persicae on peach leaves;
Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuillemin and Conidiobolus sp. were identified from aphids on
potatoes. Aphids collected from weeds growing in and near the peach orchard were infected
with Entomophthora chromaphidis Cornu, Conidiobolus coronatus (Constantin) Batko, C.
obscurus (Petch) Hall & Dunn, and V. lecanii. Aphids on potatoes and nonsolanaceous hosts at
Moscow and Troy were infected with Pandora neoaphidis (Remaudiere & Hennebert) Humber,
E. chromaphidis, and Conidiobolus spp. Aphid populations were much lower in 1992 both
within the orchard and in potatoes.
178. NAL Call No.: S441.S855
Promoting agricultural sustainability through the use of rhizosphere competent fungi as an
alternative to soil fungicide.
Bjorkman, T. Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education SARE research projects Northeast
Region. p.19 (1995)
SARE Project Number LNE 94-43. Record includes floppy disk. Reporting period for this report
is September 1994 to August 1995.
Descriptors: vegetables-; crop-production; trichoderma-harzianum; biological-control-agents;
furrows-; seed-treatment; cover-crops; agricultural-soils; soil-types; economic-impact; new-york
179. NAL Call No.: QH301.N32
Prospects for IPM of citrus thrips in California.
Morse, J. G. NATO-ASI-ser,-Ser-A,-Life-sci. New York : Plenum v.276p.371-379 (1995)
In the series analytic: Thrips biology and management / edited by B. L. Parker, M. Skinner and
T. Lewis. 28-30, 1993, Burlington, Vermont.
Descriptors: scirtothrips-citri; citrus-; integrated-pest-management; food-plants; insecticides-;
chemical-control; damage-; infestation-; literature- reviews; california-
180. NAL Call No.: 1.98-Ag84
Putting the bite on Caribbean fruit flies.
Adams, S. Agric-res v.42(7): p.14-15. (1994 July)
Includes references.
Descriptors: fruit-trees; anastrepha-suspensa; insect-control; biological-control; parasitoids-;
parasites-of-insect-pests; hymenoptera-; florida-
181. NAL Call No.: 448.3-Ap5
Pyrrolnitrin production by biological control agent Pseudomonas cepacia B37w in culture and in
colonized wounds of potatoes.
Burkhead, K. D.; Schisler, D. A.; Slininger, P. J. Appl-environ-microbiol v.60(6): p.2031-2039.
(1994 June)
Includes references.
Descriptors: potatoes-; pseudomonas-cepacia; fungal-antagonists; antibiotic-fungicides;
antifungal-properties; gibberella-pulicaris; postharvest-decay; abiotic-injuries
Abstract: Bacterial strain B37w (= NRRL B-14858), an isolate noteworthy because it inhibits
the growth of the bioherbicide fungus Colletotrichum truncatum, was selected for further studies
of bacterial antifungal properties. This isolate was identified as a Pseudomonas cepacia strain by
performing carbohydrate utilization and fatty acid profile analyses, as well as other biochemical
and physiological tests. Petri plate assays revealed that strain B37w exhibited antifungal activity
against the potato dry rot fungus Fusarium sambucinum. Using bioautography, we correlated
antifungal activity with production of a specific compound. Isolation from strain B37w and
identification of the antifungal antibiotic pyrrolnitrin are described. A whole-potato assay
revealed B37w's ability to colonize potato wounds. Wounded potatoes were inoculated with
B37w, and pyrrolnitrin was detected in these potatoes by thin-layer
chromatography-bioautography at a concentration on the order of nanograms per wound. We
performed an assay in which we examined efficacy against F. sambucinum-incited potato dry rot
and found that B37w inhibited disease development. This is the first report of P. cepacia or
pyrrolnitrin activity against the economically important potato pathogen F. sambucinum.
182. NAL Call No.: 421-J826
RAPD-PRC for identification of Zoophthora radicans isolates in biological control of the potato
leafhopper.
Hodge, K. T.; Sawyer, A. J.; Humber, R. A. J-invertebr-pathol v.65(1): p.1-9. (1995 Jan.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: erynia-radicans; entomogenous-fungi; fungal-insecticides; genetic-markers; dna-;
polymerase-chain-reaction; identification-; genotypes-; biological-control; empoasca-fabae;
establishment-; random-amplified-polymorphic-dna
Abstract: Biological control studies require the ability to distinguish released pathogens from
locally occurring isolates of the same species. We have developed a technique that differentiates
genotypes using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) for the apomictic species
Zoophthora radicans (Zygomycota: Entomophthorales), a pathogen of the potato leafhopper,
Empoasca fabae (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). RAPD analysis was performed on Z. radicans
isolates released in test plots in 1990 and 1991 for leafhopper control; isolates later recovered
from the same plots and diverse other isolates were included in the analysis. RAPD fragment
profiles of five recovered isolates proved very similar to those of the released isolates and
different from all other isolates tested; they are probable descendants of the released isolates. One
of the recovered isolates had RAPD profiles similar to isolates derived from aphids and probably
represents a population endemic at the release site. In addition to verifying the successful
establishment of our experimental releases, RAPD analysis revealed clear relationships among
isolates derived from the same host taxon. We propose that this simple and relatively inexpensive
method will be valuable in determining the establishment and spread of organisms released in
biological control studies.
183. NAL Call No.: SB599.C8
Rating index as a basis for decision making on pesticide use reduction and for accreditation of
fruit produced under integrated pest management.
Penrose, L. J.; Thwaite, W. G.; Bower, C. C. Crop-prot v.13(2): p.146-152. (1994 Mar.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: pesticides-; usage-; pesticide-residues; indexes-; integrated-pest-management;
decision-making; low-input-agriculture; new-south-wales
184. NAL Call No.: S544.3.N9C46
Refreshing raspberries.
Smith, R. C. NDSU-Ext-Serv. Fargo, N.D. : The University v.H-38, rev.p.2 (1994 Jan.)
Descriptors: rubus-strigosus; rubus-occidentalis; crop-production; varieties-; planting-;
integrated-pest-management; weed-control; pruning-; plant- protection; tetranychus-urticae;
viral-diseases; north-dakota; rubus-occidentalis-x-rubus-idaeus
185. NAL Call No.: SB925.B5
Reproductive biology of Biosteres arisanus (Sonan), an egg-larval parasitoid of the oriental fruit
fly.
Ramadan, M. M.; Wong, T. T. Y.; McInnis, D. O. Biol-control v.4(2): p.93-100. (1994 June)
Includes references.
Descriptors: plant-pests; insect-pests; bactrocera-dorsalis; insect-control; biological-control;
biological-control-agents; laboratory-rearing; insectaries-; mass-rearing; biosteres-arisanus;
sex-ratio; oviposition-; sexual-reproduction; females-; age-; parasitoids-; population-density;
parasites-of- insect-pests; ova-; larvae-
Abstract: Abstract: Biosteres arisanus (Sonan) is an internal egg-larval parasitoid candidate for
biological control programs directed against several fruit fly pests of the family Tephritidae. To
facilitate development of mass production methods, basic biological data pertaining to the
reproductive activity of B. arisanus were collected. Daily progeny production for the cohort-age
interval 6-20 days was found to be optimum, and a discard age of 21 days is recommended. The
overall mean progeny production per day (50.4 +/- 4.2 parasitoids) was doubled to 105.4 +/-
23.2 when parasitoids were increased from 50 to 100 female female/cage. In parasitoid cages of
200 female female, mean progeny production per day peaked at 297.1 +/- 43.8 parasitoids at age
interval 6-10 days. Mean progeny yield/cage was 1309, 2433, and 3401 parasitoids when the
initial cohort density was 50, 100, and 200 female female, respectively. An oviposition exposure
period of 6 h was optimum to minimize rates of host mortality or superparasitism. Unparasitized
host puparia of Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) from parasitoid exposure cages can be efficiently
separated by the size of host puparia. Up to 99.5% of the total B. arisanus emerged from pupal
size class 1 (maximum width = 1.7 mm, maximum length = 4.1 mm) to size class 4 (maximum
width = 2.1 mm, maximum length = 4.9 mm). Most of the unparasitized adult flies (80.6%)
emerged from pupal sizes larger than size class 4. Furthermore, 97.6% of B. arisanus that
emerged from size class 1 were males. Percentages of male parasitoid progeny declined
significantly as the host puparial size increased (approximately 3% male male emerged from
class 4 and 5 puparia).
186. NAL Call No.: 420-En82
Reproductive biology of Biosteres vandenboschi (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a parasitoid of
early-instar Oriental fruit fly.
Ramadan, M. M.; Wong, T. T. Y.; Messing, R. H. Ann-Entomol-Soc-Am v.88(2): p.189-195.
(1995 Mar.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: biosteres-; ceratitis-capitata; bactrocera-dorsalis; reproductive-performance;
survival-; ova-; biological-development; oviposition-; fecundity-; larvae-; parasitoids-;
biological-control-agents; parasites-of-insect-pests; ovaries-; maturation-; sex-ratio; hosts-;
sexual-reproduction
187. NAL Call No.: S542.A8A34
A review of biological control of postharvest diseases of subtropical fruits.
Korsten, L.; De Villiers, E. E.; Wehner, F. C.; Kotze, J. M. ACIAR-proc (50): p.172-185. (1994)
In the series analytic: Postharvest handling of tropical fruits / edited by B.R. Champ, E. Highley,
and G.I. Johnson.
Descriptors: subtropical-fruits; plant-diseases; plant-disease-control; biological-control;
integrated-pest-management; agricultural-research; reviews-; south-africa
188. NAL Call No.: 1.98-Ag84
Riobravis: nematode the magnificent.
De Quattro, J. Agric-res v.42(2): p.18-19. (1994 Feb.)
Descriptors: zea-mays; gossypium-hirsutum; citrus-; helicoverpa-zea; spodoptera-frugiperda;
pectinophora-gossypiella; insect-pests; animal-parasitic- nematodes; biological-control-agents;
insect-control; biological-control; steinernema-riobravis
189. NAL Call No.: 420-B77
The role to two eulophid parasitoids in populations of the leafminer, Phyllonorycter mespilella
(Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) in British Columbia.
Cossentine, J. E.; Jensen, L. B. J-Entomol-Soc-BC. Vancouver : The Society v.91p.47-54 (1994
Dec.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: phyllonorycter-; pnigalio-; sympiesis-marylandensis; malus-pumila; orchards-;
population-density; overwintering-; summer-; parasites-of- insect-pests;
biological-control-agents; parasitoids-; biological-control; mortality-; british-columbia;
pnigalio-flavipes
190. NAL Call No.: S605.5.A43
Screening cool-season legume cover crops for pecan orchards.
Smith, M. W.; Eikenbary, R. D.; Arnold, D. C.; Landgraf, B. S.; Taylor, G. G.; Barlow, G. E.;
Carroll, B. L.; Cheary, B. S.; Rice, N. R.; Knight, R. Am-J-altern-agric. Greenbelt, MD : Henry
A. Wallace Institute for Alternative Agriculture v. 9 (3)p.127-134 (1994 Summer)
Includes references.
Descriptors: carya-illinoinensis; orchards-; cover-crops; leguminosae-; screening-; nitrogen-;
nutrient-sources; insect-pests; pest-control; biological- control; beneficial-arthropods;
populations-; population-density; monitoring-; biomass-production; nitrogen-content
Abstract: We evaluated selected cool-season annual and perennial legumes as potential ground
covers to supply nitrogen and to increase beneficial arthropod populations in a pecan orchard
Densities of aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae), lady beetles (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae), damsel
bug
191. NAL Call No.: QL461.E532
Seasonal activity of carabids (Coleoptera: Carabidae) affected by microbial and oil insecticides
in an apple orchard in California.
Riddick, E. W.; Mills, N. J. Environ-entomol v.24(2): p.361-366. (1995 Apr.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: malus-pumila; cydia-pomonella; carabidae-; predatory-insects; population-density;
bacillus-thuringiensis-subsp; -kurstaki; oils-; granulosis- viruses; seasonal-variation;
biological-control; insect-control; california-; horticultural-oils
Abstract: The objective of this research was to determine if the seasonal activity of carabid
ground beetles was affected by microbial or oil insecticides, which were being used to control
the codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), a major pest of apple. Plots were sprayed with Bacillus
thuringiensis plus oil, oil alone, or codling moth granulosis virus at predicted egg hatchout
periods in spring and summer 1991. The results of pitfall trapping indicated that Harpalus
pensylvanicus DeGeer adults were significantly more active on the soil surface in plots sprayed
with granulosis virus in early July, than in plots sprayed with B. thuringiensis plus oil, or
controls (no-spray). Chlaenius sp. (probably C. tricolor Dejean) adults were significantly more
active in plots sprayed with oil alone, in early June, than in plots sprayed with granulosis virus,
B. thuringiensis plus oil, or controls. The other dominant species, Anisodactylus californicus
Dejean, Pterostichus (Hypherpes) spp., Agonum punctiforme Say, and Calathus ruficollis
Dejean were not significantly more active in any treatment plot at any of the collection dates.
The data suggest that the seasonal activity of two species was probably enhanced by granulosis
virus or oil insecticides, whereas the activity of the other dominant species was unaffected.
192. NAL Call No.: S605.5.A43
Second-level integrated pest management in commercial apple orchards.
Prokopy, R. J.; Cooley, D. R.; Autio, W. R.; Coli, W. M. Am-J-altern-agric. Greenbelt, MD :
Henry A. Wallace Institute for Alternative Agriculture v.9 (4)p.148-156 (1994 Fall)
Includes references.
Descriptors: malus-pumila; orchards-; integrated-pest-management; efficacy-; sustainability-;
massachusetts-
Abstract: As historical background helpful to understanding current concepts and practices of
apple pest management, we review the origin and rise of key pests of apple in North America
and the evolution of approaches to their management, culminating with the concept of integrated
pest management (IPM). We propose four levels of integration of orchard pest management
practices. First-level IPM integrates chemically based and biologically based management
tactics for a single class of pests, such as arthropods, diseases, weeds or vertebrates. Second-level
IPM, the focus of our effort here, integrates multiple management tactics across all classes of
pests. We describe components of second-level IPM for Massachusetts apple orchards, which
are threatened each year by an exceptionally broad range of injurious pests. We illustrate the
tentative advantages and shortcomings of second-level IPM using 1993 data from six
commercial orchard test blocks. Our predominant approach was to use chemically based tactics
for controlling arthropods, diseases and weeds early in the growing season, and afterwards to rely
exclusively (for insects) or largely (for other pests) on biologically based tactics, such as
cultural, behavioral, and biological controls. Compared with nearby first-level IPM blocks,
insecticide use in 1993 was reduced substantially (about 30%), with only slightly more insect
injury to fruit and little difference in populations of foliar insect pests. The results for mite pests
and diseases were less encouraging although summer pruning significantly reduced disease
injury caused by flyspeck. We discuss how second-level IPM poses special biological or
operational challenges to apple pest management practitioners. The concept has. and reliable
alternative to first-level IPM.
193. NAL Call No.: 275.29-M381Fr
Second-level IPM in blocks of scab-resistant apple cultivars.
Cooley, D. R.; Mason, J.; Duan, J. J.; Hu, X. P.; Elliott, R.; Prokopy, R. J. Fruit-notes v.59(1):
p.8-12. (1994 Winter)
Includes references.
Descriptors: integrated-pest-management; cultivars-; disease-resistance; crop-damage;
insect-pests; meadow-orchards; insecticides-; fungicides-; fungal- diseases; massachusetts-
194. NAL Call No.: 1.9-P69P; DLC PAR; PPUSDA x
Selection and performance of bacterial strians for biologically controlling fusarium dry rot of
potatoes incited by Gibberella pulicaris.
Schisler, D. A.; Slininger, P. J. Plant-dis. [St. Paul, Minn., American Phytopathological Society]
v.78 (3) p.251-255 (1994 Mar.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: solanum-tuberosum; tubers-; gibberella-pulicaris; fungal-diseases;
plant-disease-control; biological-control; soil-flora; communities-; biological-control-agents;
isolation-; strains-; suppressive-soils; efficacy-; disease-suppression
195. NAL Call No.: 100-C12Cag
Sex scent confuses coastal codling moth.
Calif-agric v.48(6): p.6. (1994 Nov.-1994 Dec.)
Descriptors: orchards-; cydia-pomonella; pheromones-; mating-disruption; integrated-control;
cost-benefit-analysis; california-
196. NAL Call No.: 421-J822
Short-range dispersal of mass-reared Diachasmimorpha longicaudata and D. tryoni
(Hymenoptera: Braconidae), parasitoids of tephritid fruit flies.
Messing, R. H.; Klungness, L. M.; Purcell, M. F. J-econ-entomol v.87(4): p.975-985. (1994
Aug.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: psidium-guajava; tephritidae-; braconidae-; parasitoids-; mass-rearing; dispersal-;
biological-control-agents; hawaii-; diachasmimorpha-tryoni
Abstract: Cohorts of two species of mass-reared opiine braconid parasitoids Diachasmimorpha
longicaudata (Ashmead) and D. tryoni (Cameron) were released at two study sites (a mature
guava orchard and a large grass field) to study their height of dispersal in the vertical plane and
their direction of dispersal in the horizontal plane. A higher percentage of released parasitoids
of both sexes and both species was recaptured in the orchard than was recaptured in the grass
field. Highest recovery in the orchard canopy for both species coincided with the fruit abscission
period. Movement in the vertical plane followed an approximately normal distribution in the
grass field, with a mean recapture height of 133.3 cm (+/- 1.9). In the orchard, vertical
distribution was negatively skewed with a mean recapture height of 153.9 cm (+/- 1.1). In the
orchard, the median height of dispersal of females of both species rose to >200 cm during the
period of fruit abscission in the canopy and fell to <100 cm after most of the fruit had fallen. In
the horizontal plane, the mean direction of dispersal in both vegetation types was toward the
southwest, presumably in response to prevailing northeasterly trade winds. The relevance of the
results to augmentative biological control of tephritid fruit flies in Hawaii is discussed.
197. NAL Call No.: S542.A8A34
Sour rot disease on citrus fruits: importance and control.
Richter, K. ACIAR-proc (50): p.450-452. (1994)
In the series analytic: Postharvest handling of tropical fruits / edited by B.R. Champ, E. Highley,
and G.I. Johnson.
Descriptors: citrus-; fruit-; geotrichum-candidum; fungal-diseases; postharvest-decay;
integrated-control
198. NAL Call No.: 421-C16
Spatial distribution of Sympiesis marylandensis Girault (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) in apple
orchards infested by its host, the apple blotch leafminer, Phyllonorycter crataegella (Clemens)
(Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae).
Maier, C. T.; Weseloh, R. M. Can-entomol v.127(2): p.235-243. (1995 Mar.-1995 Apr.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: sympiesis-marylandensis; phyllonorycter-crataegella; parasitoids-;
parasites-of-insect-pests; spatial-distribution; orchards-; malus-pumila; female-animals;
parasitism-; connecticut-
199. NAL Call No.: SB945.P68S64--1995
Spiroplasmas as biological control agents of insect pests.
Hackett, K. J.; United States Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund.
134p. (BARD, [Bet Dagan, Israel] , 1995)
"Final report."
Descriptors: Colorado-potato-beetle-Biological-control; Insect-pests-Biological-control
200. NAL Call No.: 99.8-F7623
Status of cone and seed insect pest management in Canadian seed orchards.
De Groot, P.; Turgeon, J. J.; Miller, G. E. For-chron v.70(6): p.745-761. (1994 Nov.-1994 Dec.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: conifers-; seed-orchards; integrated-pest-management; forest-pests; insect-pests;
seed-production; forest-damage; seed-cones; insect- control; chemical-control; insecticides-;
biological-control-agents; biological-control; literature-reviews; canada-
Abstract: Many of Canada's conifer seed orchards are entering their productive phase. In most, if
not all seed orchards, insect pest management will be required in order to meet the seed
production targets. Canadian seed orchard managers will soon need to know the basic
requirements and what information is available to implement an insect pest management
program. In this review, a synthesis is provided of the major components of an integrated pest
management program for cone and seed insects. A list of the insect pests of conifer cones and
seeds in Canada as well as features of their life cycles and population dynamics that could
influence pest management strategies is presented. Current and future needs for insect damage
appraisal and insect monitoring techniques are discussed. Finally, the various strategies and
tactics to control insects are reviewed.
201. NAL Call No.: SB599.E97
Suppression of potato cyst nematode root penetration by the endoparasitic nematophagous fungi
Hirsutella rhossiliensis.
Velvis, H.; Kamp, P. Eur-j-plant-pathol v.102(2): p.115-122. (1996 Jan.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: solanum-tuberosum; globodera-pallida; plant-parasitic-nematodes;
nematode-control; hirsutella-; nematophagous-fungi; biological-control;
biological-control-agents; suppression-; efficacy-; population-density
202. NAL Call No.: QL461.M5
Survey of predators associated with European red mite (Panonychus ulmi; Acari: Tetranychidae)
in Ohio apple orchards.
Welty, C. Great-Lakes-entomol v.28(2): p.171-184. (1995 Summer)
Includes references.
Descriptors: malus-pumila; panonychus-ulmi; predatory-mites; predatory-insects;
population-density; biological-control-agents; surveys-; ohio-
203. NAL Call No.: S544.3.N6N62
Tall fescue: lawn and maintenance calendar.
Bruneau, A. H.; Lewis, W. M.; Peacock, C. H.; Lucas, L. T.; Brandenburg, R. L.
AG-NC-Agric-Ext-Serv. Raleigh : North Carolina Agricultural Extension Service v.367, rev.p.4
(1994 Oct.)
Descriptors: festuca-arundinacea; mowing-; fertilizers-; irrigation-; soil-types-textural;
disease-control; weed-control; insect-control; integrated-pest- management
204. NAL Call No.: 1.98-Ag84
Testing diversified orchard ecosystems.
Stanley, D. Agric-res v.44(1): p.18-19. (1996 Jan.)
Descriptors: orchards-; crop-management; pest-control; integrated-pest-management;
cover-crops; beneficial-insects; agricultural-research
205. NAL Call No.: 100-T31S-1
Texas guide for controlling insects on commercial vegetable crops.
Sparks, A. N. Jr. Bull-Tex-Agric-Exp-Stn. College Station, Tex. : Texas Agricultural and
Mechanical College System v.1305,rev.p.29 (1994 Jan.)
Descriptors: insect-control; vegetables-; commercial-farming; insecticides-; insect-pests;
application-rates; biological-control; microbial-pesticides; insecticide-resistance;
spraying-precautions; honeybees-; texas-
206. NAL Call No.: 424.8-Am3
Tracheal mites can be suppressed by oil patties.
Sammataro, D. Am-bee-j v.136(4): p.279-282. (1996 Apr.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: apis-mellifera; acarapis-woodi; plant-oils; sugar-; oxytetracycline-; mite-control;
biological-control; efficacy-; vegetable-shortening
207. NAL Call No.: SB599.C8
Transplant production techniques in integrated crop management of hot pepper (Capsicum spp.)
under tropical lowland conditions.
Vos, J. G. M.; Nurtika, N. Crop-prot v.14(6): p.453-459. (1995 Sept.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: capsicum-; thrips-; polyphagotarsonemus-latus; choanephora-cucurbitarum;
cercospora-capsici; corticium-rolfsii; transplanting-; nurseries-; protected-cultivation; crop-yield;
plant-disease-control; integrated-control; indonesia-; malaysia-; thrips-parvispinus
Abstract: Effects of different methods of producing tranplants were investigated as a potential
contribution to integrated crop management (ICM) of hot pepper (Capsicum spp.) in tropical
lowlands. The techniques studied included roofing or screen-covering the nursery, producing
transplants in pots and varying the duration of the transplant production period. Crop
performance was measured during the nursery phase by variables such as proportion of emerged
transplants, number of leaves per transplant and during the field phase by variables such as crop
establishment, plant height and mid-fruiting time. Crop health was monitored by following the
development of pests and diseases, such as thrips (Thrips parvispinus Karny), yellow tea mite
(Polyphagotarsonemus latus Banks), anthraenose fruit rot (Colletotrichum spp.), blossom mould
[Choanephora cucurbitarum (Berkeley & Ravenel) Thaxter], cercospora leaf spot (Cercospora
capsici Heald & Wolf), southern blight (Sclerotium rolfsii Saccardo), and aphid-transmitted
virusus (mainly CMV and CVMV). Crop production in the field was measured through yield of
healthy fruits, mean weight per fruit and earliness of harvesting. Screen-covered nurseries
protected seedlings from aphids and aphid- transmitted viruses during the nursery phase and
enhanced mid-fruiting time and improved crop production during the field phase. Use of
screen-covered nurseries could make application of pesticides during the nursery phase
superfluous. After planting in the field, potted transplants established better and produced fruits
earlier than bare-root transplants. A transplant production period of 1.5 months appeared optimal
for plant growth and earliness of harvesting. Production of transplants in pots under a.
transplants yielded better only when other elements of ICM, such as mulching, were included.
208. NAL Call No.: 421-J822
Trimedlure: effects of structural modifications on its attractiveness to Mediterranean fruit fly
males (Diptera: Tephritidae).
DeMilo, A. B.; Cunningham, R. T.; McGovern, T. P. J-econ-entomol v.87(6): p.1494-1501.
(1994 Dec.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: ceratitis-capitata; trimedlure-; analogs-; structure-activity-relationships;
persistence-; insect-control; biological-control; efficacy-
Abstract: Sixty-eight structural variants of trimedlure, tert-butyl 4(and
5)-chloro-2-methylcyclohexane-1-carboxylate (TML), the male attractant for the Mediterranean
fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), were evaluated as attractants to determine the
importance of the substituents to the attractiveness of TML. The 1-tert-butyl carboxylate and
4(and 5)-chloro substituents in TML can be replaced selectively with no significant reduction in
attractiveness. However, the 2-methyl substituent appears to be very important for high levels of
attraction. Thirteen halogen analogs of TML showed initial attractancy that was not significantly
different from that of TML. In addition, nine of the halogen analogs were as persistent or more
persistent than TML at high levels of attractiveness. In a longer term (15 d) follow-up test with
14 promising lures, no significant difference was found between the attractiveness of four of the
lures and a freshly baited TML wick after 4 d, by which time an aged TML wick had become
depleted of lure. Of the four lures, trifluoroethyl 4(and
5)-iodo-trans-2-methylcyclohexane-1-carboxylate was especially attractive through 4 d of the
test, during which time it was the top-ranked lure. Ethyl 4(and
5)-bromo-trans-2-methylcyclohexane-1-carboxylate were very persistent lures, continuing to
catch moderate number of C. capitata through days 11 and 15, respectively.
209. NAL Call No.: 80-J825
Urban and agricultural wastes for use as mulches on avocado and citrus and for delivery of
microbial biocontrol agents.
Casale, W. L.; Minassian, V.; Menge, J. A.; Lovatt, C. J.; Pond, E.; Johnson, E.; Guillement, F.
J-hortic-sci v.70(2): p.315-332. (1995 Mar.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: mangifera-indica; citrus-; crop-production; mulches-; agricultural-wastes;
wood-chips; grass-clippings; leaves-; rice-husks; alfalfa-hay; cattle-manure; hay-;
poultry-manure; almonds-; hulls-; peanut-husks; orange-peel; composts-; sewage-sludge;
mushroom-compost; refuse- compost; orchards-; substrates-; biological-control-agents;
trichoderma-harzianum; gliocladium-virens; pseudomonas-fluorescens; growth-; phytotoxicity-;
ammonia-; chemical-composition; cellulose-; carbohydrates-; nitrogen-content; california-;
sudangrass-hay; chicken-manure; wood-compost
210. NAL Call No.: SB925.B5
The use of vegetable compatibility and heterokaryosis to determine potential asexual gene
exchange in Colletotrichum gloeosporioides.
Chacko, R. J.; Weidemann, G. J.; TeBeest, D. O.; Correll, J. C. Biol-control v.4(4): p.328-389.
(1994 Dec.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: aeschynomene-indica; aeschynomene-sensitiva; aeschynomene-virginica;
ludwigia-; carya-illinoinensis; malva-; stylosanthes-hamata; weeds-; biological-control-agents;
glomerella-cingulata; mutants-; heterokaryosis-; mitotic-recombination; phenotypes-;
parasexuality-; mycoherbicides-; ludwigia-decurrens; malva-pusilla; risk-assessment;
glomerella-cingulata-f; sp; -aeschynomene; glomerella-cingulata-f; sp; -jussiaeae
Abstract: Auxotrophic and nitrate nonutilizing (nit) mutants were used to characterize vegetative
compatibility, heterokaryosis, and asexual gene exchange in the fungal biological control agent
Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f.sp. aeschynomene (Cga). Several paired auxotrophic strains
produced heterokaryotic colonies, but conidia recovered from the colonies comprised only the
parent phenotypes. Analysis of mycelial plugs removed from along the colony radius
demonstrated that heterokaryosis was limited to the colony center. In host inoculation studies,
only parental phenotypes were recovered from cocolonized lesions of the weed host
Aeschynomene virginica. Based on pairings with nit mutants, 13 Cga isolates were vegetatively
compatible but were vegetatively incompatible with 13 C. gloeosporioides isolates obtained from
other hosts. Although heterokaryosis was demonstrated with Cga, no putative diploids or
recombinant phenotypes were detected. Host specialization, vegetative compatibility, and lack
of a demonstrated parasexual cycle may serve to genetically isolate Cga from other populations
of C. gloeosporioides. Evidence of asexual gene exchange can be used to assess potential risks
associated with the importation of an exotic biocontrol fungus or release of a genetically
modified strain for biological control.
211. NAL Call No.: 424.8-Am3
The use of vegetable oil to control tracheal mites.
Cobey, S. Am-bee-j v.134(4): p.257-258. (1994 Apr.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: apis-mellifera; mites-; plant-oils; mite-control; biological-control; efficacy-
212. NAL Call No.: 275.29-W27P
Weed control in ornamental bulbs (iris, narcissi, tulip).
Al Khatib, K. Ext-bull-Wash-State-Univ,-Coop-Ext. Pullman, Wash. : The Extension v.1791p.6
(1994 July)
Descriptors: tulips-; iris-; narcissus-; perennial-weeds; weeds-; annuals-;
crop-weed-competition; environmental-factors; weed-control; integrated- control; herbicides-;
application-; guidelines-
213. NAL Call No.: SB319.2.N6G84
Weed management in pecans.
Lee, R. D. Guide-H. Las Cruces, NM : New Mexico State University, Cooperative Extension
Service v.632p.7 (1994 July)
Descriptors: orchards-; weeds-; variety-classification; physical-control; chemical-control;
biological-control; herbicides-; application-rates; application- date
214. NAL Call No.: 275.29-M381Fr
What species of predaceous mites exist in Massachusetts commercial apple orchards.
Hu, X.; Prokopy, R. Fruit-notes v.59(2): p.10-11. (1994 Spring)
Descriptors: malus-pumila; orchards-; predatory-mites; mite-control; species-;
biological-control; massachusetts-
215. NAL Call No.: 1.98-Ag84
Whitefly fungus on its way to growers.
DeQuattro, J. Agric-res v.43(5): p.16-17. (1995 May)
Descriptors: bemisia-tabaci; beauveria-bassiana; biological-control-agents; horticultural-crops
216. NAL Call No.: 100-Id14
Wireworms in potatoes.
Bechinski, E. J.; Sandvol, L. E.; Carpenter, G. P.; Homan, H. W. Bull-Univ-Ida,-Coll-Agric.
Moscow : Idaho Agricultural Experiment Station v.EXT 760p.11 (1994 Feb.)
Descriptors: solanum-tuberosum; elateridae-; species-; characteristics-; life-cycle; crop-damage;
integrated-pest-management; biological-control; cultural-control; insecticides-; fumigants-;
idaho-
217. NAL Call No.: SB317.5.H68
Wisconsin's IPM program for potato: the developmental process.
Stevenson, W. R.; Curwen, D.; Kelling, K. A.; Wyman, J. A.; Binning, L. K.; Connell, T. R.
HortTechnology v.4(2): p.90-95. (1994 Apr.-1994 June)
Includes references.
Descriptors: solanum-tuberosum; integrated-pest-management; decision-making;
computer-software; farm-inputs; application-date; timing-; agricultural-research;
university-research; research-projects; research-support; crop-production; plant-protection;
wisconsin-; systems-research
218. NAL Call No.: SB925.B5
Within-tree distribution of Phyllonorycter blancardella (F.) and P. crataegella (Clemens)
(Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) and associated levels of parasitism in commercial apple orchards.
Barrett, B. A. Biol-control v.4(1): p.74-79. (1994 Mar.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: malus-; phyllonorycter-blancardella; phyllonorycter-crataegella; insect-pests;
spatial-distribution; canopy-; parasitism-; parasitoids-; insect- control; biological-control;
parasites-of-insect-pests; sympiesis-marylandensis; pholetesor-ornigis; missouri-
219. NAL Call No.: 1.98-Ag84
Yeasts and bacteria battle decay.
Stanley, D. Agric-res v.42(5): p.8-9. (1994 May)
Descriptors: fruit-; storage-decay; pest-control; biological-control; agricultural-research
Author Index
Abramsky, M. 165
Adams, S. 180
Adelaja, F.E. 59
Agnello, A.M. 81
Al Khatib, K. 212
Ali, M.K. 39
Aluja, M. 90
Alvarado Castro, J.A. 154
Angel, D.N. 88
Arnold, D.C. 190
Asai, W.K. 62
Asano, S. 17
Ashely, R.A. 161
Asquith, A. 145
Autio, W.R. 192
Bailey, J.E. 2
Baird, J.V. 35
Bar Joseph, M. 100
Barker, K.R. 67
Barlow, G.E. 190
Barrett, B.A. 218
Batchelor, M.A. 101
Bauduin, F. 29
Baugher, T.A. 40
Beach, E.D. 9
Bechinski, E. 111
Bechinski, E.J. 216
Bellows, T.S. Jr. 19
Bernard, L. 86
Biddinger, D.J. 157
Biever, K.D. 177
Biggs, A.R. 40
Binning, L.K. 217
Bjorkman, T. 178
Black, J. 12
Blommers, L.H.M. 112
Bohl, W. 111
Bors, B. 52
Bothast, R.J. 78
Boucher, T.J. 161
Bower, C.C. 183
Bradley, S.J. 83
Brandenburg, R.L. 2, 21, 48, 203
Breen, J.P. 7
Breth, D.I. 81
Brodie, B.B. 60
Brown, A.B. 2
Brown, M.W. 169
Brown, S.K. 135
Brumfield, R.G. 59
Bruneau, A.H. 20, 21, 203
Brunner, J.F. 113
Brust, G.E. 147
Burkhead, K.D. 24, 181
Burns, R.E. 121
Burr, T.J. 26
Butt, Denis J. 109
Byers, R.E. 40
Calkins, C.O. 23
Calkins, Carrol O. 87
Cantelo, W.W. 65
Carpenter, G.P. 216
Carroll, B.L. 190
Carson, W.G. 58
Casale, W.L. 209
Castane, C. 146
Castia, T. 6
Chacko, R.J. 210
Chandra, H. 51
Chang, C. 12
Cheary, B.S. 190
Chet, I. 165
Christ, B. 56, 127
Christie, M. 63
Cisneros, F. 173
Cloutier, C. 29
Cobb, P. 49
Cobey, S. 211
Cohen, D. 165
Coli, W.M. 192
Collins, A.R. 40
Connell, T.R. 217
Connick, W.J. Jr. 65
Cook, J. 12
Cooley, D.R. 69, 192, 193
Correll, J.C. 210
Cossentine, J.E. 153, 189
Costa, J.M. 50
Coughlin, J.A. 98
Croft, B.A. 25
Cunningham, R.T. 208
Curwen, D. 217
D'hallewin, G. 6
Da Silva, N.M. 148
Das, G.P. 166
Davis, J.M. 35
De Boer, S.H. 72
De Groot, P. 200
De Jager, E.S. 73
De Quattro, J. 188
De Villers, E.E. 73
De Villiers, E.E. 187
DeAngelis, J.D. 46
Decou, G.C. 30
Deland, J.P. 55
DeMilo, A.B. 208
DeQuattro, J. 215
Diaz, J.D. 121
Dixit, S.N. 51
Dixit, V. 51
Domoto, P.A. 39
Drinkwater, L.E. 89
Duan, J.J. 193
Duffy, B.K. 134
Duffy, M.D. 39
Duncan, H.E. 35
Duriat, A.S. 96
Dutcher, J.D. 99
Edland, T. 116
Eigenbrode, S.D. 94
Eikenbary, R.D. 190
Elad, Y. 27
Eller, A. 108
Elliott, R. 193
Epsky, N.D. 23
Esau, K.L. 128
Evans, G.A. 54
Falk, S.P. 158
Fang, J.G. 75
Felland, C.M. 157
Ferguson, J.M. 2
Fernandez Cornejo, J. 9
Ferris, H. 62, 156
Ferro, D.N. 131
Fewell, A.M. 120
Flores Revilla, C. 110
Frank, J.H. 105
Franz, P.R. 61
Frey, P. 97
Gabarra, R. 146
Gadoury, D.M. 158
Gafny, R. 100
Gamard, P. 72
Garcia, C. 110
Garcia, J.A. 128
Gardner, D.E. 134
Garibaldi, A. 103
Gates, J.P. 122
Gaugler, R. 77
Gleason, M.L. 39
Glenn, D.M. 40
Godfray, H.C.J. 168
Goodall, S. 11, 12
Gowen, S.R. 71
Grafius, E. 64
Grafton Cardwell, B. 108
Grafton Cardwell, E.E. 139
Gregory, P. 173
Grewal, P.S. 77
Grossman, J. 68
Guillement, F. 209
Gullino, M.L. 103
Hackett, Kevin James. 199
Halaj, J. 129
Hall, B. 36
Harman, G.E. 32
Hattingh, V. 164
Headrick, D.H. 19
Heath, R.R. 23
Hendrichs, J. 8, 152
Hendrichs, M.A. 152
Hendricks, L.C. 10
Hepworth, G. 171
Hernandez, A.Y.L. 88
Herr, J.C. 126
Hilton, R.J. 119, 129
Hodge, K.T. 182
Hogmire, H.W. 40
Holler, T.C. 121
Homan, H.W. 216
Hori, H. 17
Hougen Eitzman, D. 141
Howard, C.R. 83
Howell, J.F. 140
Hu, X. 151, 214
Hu, X.P. 193
Huang, H. 84, 85, 127
Huang, W.Y. 9
Hull, L.A. 157
Humber, R.A. 182
Hunter, M.S. 168
Hurej, M. 99
Integrated Control of Pome Fruit Diseases Workshop (3rd : 1992 : Lufthus, Norway). 109
International Congress of Entomology (1992 : Peking, China). 87
Jackson, C.G. 101
Jaffee, B.A. 62, 156
Jager, G. 57
James, D.G. 53
Janisiewicz, W.J. 52
Jensen, L.B. 153, 189
Johnson, E. 209
Johnson, M.W. 124
Jones, K. 11
Judd, G.J.R. 55
Kamp, P. 201
Kapuler, A.M. 92
Karban, R. 141
Karg, G. 83
Katsoyannos, B.I. 152
Kawate, M.K. 98
Kelling, K.A. 217
Kido, M. 145
Kish, L.P. 177
Klassen, Waldemar. 87
Klonsky, K. 79, 163
Klungness, L.M. 196
Knight, A. 106
Knight, A.L. 140
Knight, R. 190
Kok Yokomi, M.L. 174
Korsten, L. 73, 187
Kotcon, J.B. 40
Kotoujansky, A. 97
Kotze, J.M. 73, 187
Kovach, J. 81
Kreowski, W.B. 129
Kurtzman, C.P. 78
Landgraf, B.S. 190
Landolt, P.J. 23
Lara, J.R. 42
Lawson, D.S. 135
Lee, R.D. 213
Leslie, Anne R., 1931 93
Letourneau, D.K. 89
Levesque, C. 5
Levesque, G.Y. 5
Lewis, D.R. 39
Lewis, J.A. 102
Lewis, W.M. 21, 203
Liedo, Palbo. 87
Lightner, G.W. 40
Lindquist, R.K. 136
Linker, H.M. 2
Long, J.P. 101
Long, R. 107
Loper, J.E. 50
Lopez, R. 131
Lourens, A. 73
Lovatt, C.J. 209
Lucas, L.T. 20, 21, 203
Lumsden, R.D. 102
Lyons Johnson, D. 150
Ma, Y. 11, 12
MacFarlane, J.R. 171
Maier, C.T. 198
Majchrowicz, I. 177
Manning, W.J. 69
Manukian, A. 23
Marie, C. 97
Marohasy, J. 162
Marrotte, E.L. 47
Martinez, A.J. 128
Mason, J. 11, 12, 18, 104, 151, 193
McDonough, L.M. 140
McFadden, W. 117
McGawley, E. 138
McGovern, T.P. 208
McGuire, R.G. 15, 16
McInnis, D.O. 185
McKenry, M.V. 62
Menge, J.A. 209
Merwin, I. 125
Messing, R.H. 186, 196
Miller, G.E. 200
Mills, N.J. 175, 191
Minassian, V. 209
Mogilner, N. 100
Mohr, V. 11
Monks, D.W. 35
Montuschi, C. 149
Morgan, B. 36
Morgan, S. 46
Morgan, W.C. 61
Morse, J.G. 79, 163, 179
Mueller, J.P. 2
Mugaas, R.J. 132
Muldoon, A.E. 62, 156
Murdoch, W.W. 170
Near, J. 165
Neto, S.S. 148
Nguyen, K.B. 105
Nickle, W.R. 65
Nielsen, P.A. 32
Nieto Angel, E. 110
Nishida, T. 38
Nogaki, M. 11
Nolte, P. 137
Nong, L. 174
Norton, M.V.K. 62, 156
Nowosielski, O. 82
Nuessly, G.S. 144
Nurtika, N. 207
Nyrop, J.P. 81, 135
O'Connell, N. 108
O'Leary, C. 37
Ortiz, D.T. 88
Ouyang, Y. 139
Oversteet, C. 138
Parkman, J.P. 105
Paulitz, T.C. 76
Peacock, C.H. 21, 123, 203
Pearsall, I.A. 41
Pearson, R.C. 158
Pedata, P.A. 168
Penrose, L.J. 183
Perez, E.G. 88
Perley, S. 172
Perring, T.M. 19
Perry, K.B. 2
Platt, H.W. 74
Poncavage, J. 1, 91
Pond, E. 209
Ponti, I. 149
Potter, D.A. 130
Pree, D.J. 44
Prior, P. 97
Prokopy, R. 11, 12, 104, 214
Prokopy, R.J. 18, 63, 151, 192, 193
Pscheidt, J.W. 46
Pundt, L.S. 142
Purcell, M.F. 101, 196
Quarles, W. 37
Ramadan, M.M. 126, 185, 186
Rankin, L. 76
Reddin, R.D. 74
Redmond, C.T. 130
Reid, C.L. 26
Reiners, S. 59
Reisinger, R. 46
Reissig, W.H. 81, 135
Reyes Villanueva, F. 154
Rice, N.R. 190
Richter, K. 197
Riddick, E.W. 175, 191
Riedl, H. 129
Righetti, T.L. 119
Ristaino, J.B. 102
Riudavets, J. 146
Robacker, D.C. 128
Roberson, G.T. 2
Roberts, R.G. 118, 119
Roddick, J.G. 120
Rodov, V. 6
Rogers, M. 31
Roitberg, B.D. 55
Romano, P. 149
Sammataro, D. 206
Samways, M.J. 164
Sanchez, E.E. 119
Sanders, D.C. ed. 35
Sandler, H.A. 14
Sandvol, L.E. 216
Sastrosiswojo, S. 114
Saunders, M. 127
Saunders, M.C. 84, 85
Sawyer, A.J. 182
Schisler, D.A. 24, 78, 181, 194
Schmitt, J.J. 169
Schroeder, W.J. 43
Seem, R.C. 158
Selvan, S. 77
Senft, D. 22
Sexstone, A.J. 40
Shennan, C. 89
Shetlar, D.J. 33
Shoemaker, P.B. 35
Simser, D. 155
Sirota, J.M. 64
Sivapalan, A. 61
Sivinski, J. 23
Sivinski, J.M. 159
Slininger, P.J. 24, 78, 181, 194
Smart, G.C. Jr. 105
Smart, M.M. 123
Smilowitz, Z. 56, 84, 85, 127
Smith, E. 45
Smith, M.W. 190
Smith, R.C. 184
Smitley, D. 34, 70
Sneed, R.E. 35
Solel, Z. 100
Sorensen, K.A. 35
Sparks, A.N. Jr. 205
Stanley, D. 204, 219
Stapleton, J.J. 156
Steffen, K.L. 133
Stelljes, K.B. 22
Sterling, W.L. 144
Stevenson, W.R. 217
Suckling, D.M. 83
Sugar, D. 119
Sullivan, G.A. 2
Suzuki, N. 17
Suzzi, G. 149
Tachibana, M. 17
Tang, T.Q. 95
Tang, Y.Q. 174
Taylor, A.G. 32
Taylor, G.G. 190
TeBeest, D.O. 210
Teliz Ortiz, A.D. 110
Thomas, D.B. 176
Thwaite, W.G. 183
Timper, P. 60
Tiwari, R. 51
Toledo, J. 42
Tomalak, M. 77
Trigalet, A. 97
Trigalet Demery, D. 97
Trimble, R.M. 44
Trumble, J.T. 58, 94
Tsao, P.H. 75
Turgeon, J.J. 200
Tzortzakakis, E.A. 71
Ullrich, M. 80
Underwood, T. 62
United States Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund. 199
University of Idaho. Cooperative Extension System. 111
Utkhede, R. 45
Van Bruggen, A.H. 89
Van Driesche, R.G. 63
Vargas, R.I. 38
Velvis, H. 57, 201
Verdegaal, P. 62
Vickers, P.M. 44
Viggiani, G. 168
Villanueva Jimenez, J.A. 110
Vos, J.G.M. 96, 207
Vries, P.M. de. 167
Vuurde, J.W.L. van. 167
Walde, S.J. 41
Walgenbach, J.F. 35
Walsh, W.A. 38
Walters, S.A. 67
Weber, D.C. 13
Wehner, F.C. 73, 187
Weidemann, G.J. 210
Weiss, M. 140
Weissenberg, M. 120
Weisz, R. 56, 84, 85, 127
Welty, C. 202
Weseloh, R.M. 198
Westigard, P.H. 129
Whitam, K. 138
White, K.K. 58
Whitty, K.J. 44
Wicks, T.J. 36
Wilcox, W.F. 81
Willet, M.J. 160
Williamson, R.C. 33
Wilson, Charles L. 28
Wilson, L.G. 35
Wisniewski, Michael E. 28
Wong, T.T.Y. 126, 185, 186
Wood, M. 22
Workneh, F. 89
Wornoayporn, V. 152
Wright, S. 11, 12
Wyman, J.A. 217
Wyss, E. 66
Yelverton, F.H. 2
Yokomi, R.K. 95, 174
York, A.C. 2
Zehnder, G. 115
Zhang, A. 37
Zucchi, R.A. 148
Subject Index
abamectin- 98
abiotic-injuries 181
acarapis-woodi 206
acari- 11
acaricides- 11, 30, 116
acreage- 35
acremonium- 7, 61
acremonium-butyri 61
acrobasis- 155
aculus-schlechtendali 25, 135
adjuvants- 14
adult-insects 99, 129
adverse-effects 114
aedes-aegypti 154
-aeschynomene 210
aeschynomene-indica 210
aeschynomene-sensitiva 210
aeschynomene-virginica 210
age- 185
ageniaspis- 54
ageratum-conyzoides 51
agricultural-chemicals 132
agricultural-research 150, 187, 204, 217, 219
agricultural-soils 178
agricultural-wastes 209
agrobacterium- 26
agrobacterium-tumefaciens 26
agrotis-ipsilon 33
alabama- 49
aleyrodidae- 49
alfalfa-hay 209
allelochemicals- 7
allium-cepa 98
almonds- 209
alternaria-brassicicola 120
alternaria-solani 56
amazonas- 148
amblyseius- 25
ammonia- 209
ampelomyces-quisqualis 158
amyelois-transitella 22
analogs- 208
anastomosis- 57
anastrepha- 148
anastrepha-ludens 128, 176
anastrepha-obliqua 42
anastrepha-suspensa 23, 121, 180
animal-behavior 152
animal-parasitic- nematodes 188
annuals- 212
anomala-cuprea 17
antagonism- 50, 52, 72, 97
antagonists- 24, 78
antibacterial-properties 50, 97
antibiotic-fungicides 181
antibiotics- 24, 50
antifungal-properties 24, 120, 181
antitranspirants- 14
aonidiella-aurantii 170
aphelinidae- 168
aphelinus- 95
aphelinus-gossypii 95
aphelinus-mali 169
aphelinus-spiraecolae 95
aphididae- 164
aphis-gossypii 95, 142
aphis-pomi 66
aphis-spiraecola 95
aphytis-melinus 170
aphytis-proclia 168
apis-mellifera 206, 211
apples- 52, 69, 112, 118
application- 3, 212
application-date 3, 4, 21, 48, 213, 217
application-methods 4, 82, 84
application-rates 4, 48, 55, 62, 98, 129, 143, 205, 213
arachis-hypogaea 2
arthropod-pests 30, 135
asparagine- 52
-atroseptica 167
attractants- 107
avermectins- 124
avocados- 73
avoidance-behavior 129
azinphos-methyl- 25, 84, 85
azotus-perspeciosus 168
bacillus- 36
bacillus-penetrans 71
bacillus-popilliae 130
bacillus-subtilis 73
bacillus- thuringiensis 17, 29, 37, 58, 74, 84, 85, 131
bacillus-thuringiensis-subsp 84, 191
bacteria- 72, 128
bacterial-diseases 72, 130
bacterial-epiphytes 73
bacterial-insecticides 48, 131
bacterial-spores 130
bacterial-toxins 17
bactericides- 46
bacteriocins- 97
bactrocera-dorsalis 38, 101, 126, 145, 185, 186
bait-traps 145
beauveria-bassiana 215
behavior-patterns 19, 129
bemisia- 19
bemisia-tabaci 215
beneficial-arthropods 190
beneficial-insects 10, 12, 99, 162, 204
beneficial-organisms 91
benzimidazole- 137
-betavasculorum 50
bibliographies- 122
biological-activity-in-soil 89
biological-competition 97
biological-control 1, 7, 15, 16, 17, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 30, 31, 32, 33, 36, 37, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47,
48, 49, 51, 52, 54, 55, 60, 62, 65, 67, 68, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 78, 83, 86, 89, 90, 91, 100, 101,
102, 103, 105, 107, 112, 114, 116, 118, 119, 120, 128, 129, 130, 134, 135, 136, 139, 140, 141,
142, 145, 146, 147, 149, 150, 153, 155, 156, 158, 159, 162, 165, 166, 169, 170, 174, 177, 180,
182, 185, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 194, 200, 201, 205, 206, 208, 211, 213, 214, 216, 218, 219
biological-control- agents 1, 4, 6, 15, 17, 19, 22, 24, 27, 32, 34, 36, 37, 40, 43, 45, 52, 53, 57,
60, 61, 65, 67, 68, 70, 71, 72, 73, 76, 77, 78, 95, 99, 101, 102, 106, 112, 116, 118, 119, 122, 126,
128, 130, 131, 139, 146, 147, 149, 150, 153, 154, 156, 159, 164, 165, 175, 178, 185, 186, 188,
189, 194, 196, 200, 201, 202, 209, 210, 215
biological-development 42, 146, 186
biomass-production 67, 190
biosteres- 101, 186
biosteres-arisanus 38, 101, 185
biosteres-vandenboschi 101
biosynthesis- 24
blight- 74, 102
body-weight 95
botrytis-cinerea 27, 134
braconidae- 101, 121, 126, 196
brassica-oleracea 35
brassica-oleracea-var 133
british-columbia 45, 55, 153, 189
butyl-hexanoate 18
calcium- 119
california- 10, 58, 62, 79, 89, 108, 141, 143, 163, 179, 191, 195, 209
campania- 168
canada- 172, 200
candida-guilliermondii 15, 16
cankers- 62
canopy- 152, 218
-capitata 133
capsicum- 96, 161, 207
capsicum-annuum 165
carabidae- 5, 41, 175, 191
carbamate-pesticides 27, 106
carbaryl- 99
carbendazim- 27
carbohydrates- 52, 209
carica-papaya 88, 110
-carotovora 50
carya-illinoinensis 154, 190, 210
cattle-manure 156, 209
cellulose- 209
ceratitis-capitata 38, 152, 186, 208
cercospora-capsici 207
chaetomium-globosum 61
characteristics- 34, 142, 216
chemical-composition 55, 209
chemical-control 4, 25, 27, 30, 32, 33, 36, 37, 39, 45, 47, 48, 49, 58, 71, 74, 79, 85, 106, 112,
114, 124, 132, 136, 142, 163, 169, 179, 200, 213
chicken-manure 209
chilocorus- 164
chilocorus-nigritus 164
china- 37
chlorothalonil- 14
choanephora-cucurbitarum 207
cholinesterase- 143
choristoneura-rosaceana 55
citrullus-lanatus 124
citrus- 6, 37, 79, 95, 163, 164, 170, 174, 179, 188, 197, 209
citrus-aurantium 43
citrus-exocortis-viroid 100
citrus-fruits 79, 108, 163
citrus-limon 53
citrus-limonia 100
citrus-medica 100
citrus-paradisi 15
citrus-sinensis 75, 139
citrus-tristeza-closterovirus 174
citrus-volkameriana 100
clavibacter-michiganensis 72
clavibacter-michiganensis-subsp 72
-coeruleum 78
coffea-arabica 38
coleophoma-empetri 14
coleoptera- 41
colonization- 38
colonizing-ability 25, 38, 97
Colorado-potato-beetle-Biological-control 199
colored-sticky-traps 18
commercial-farming 205
communities- 194
community-ecology 41, 89
comparisons- 29, 40, 41, 102, 130
composts- 61, 209
computer-software 217
concentration- 6
conifers- 200
connecticut- 198
continuous-cropping 57
control-programs 8, 81, 138
controlled-atmosphere-storage 22, 119
conventional-farming 59, 89
conventional-orchards 41
corticium-rolfsii 102, 207
cost-benefit-analysis 39, 79, 195
costs- 58
cover-crops 125, 178, 190, 204
criconemella- 62
crop-damage 11, 33, 34, 44, 58, 70, 98, 106, 108, 135, 136, 140, 141, 142, 193, 216
crop-density 110
crop-management 88, 96, 110, 204
crop-production 2, 13, 35, 59, 82, 96, 160, 178, 184, 209, 217
crop-quality 88
crop-weed-competition 212
crop-yield 10, 30, 45, 58, 59, 64, 71, 74, 76, 88, 89, 96, 98, 102, 110, 124, 127, 133, 207
cropping-systems 59
crops- 80
crown- 45
crown-gall 26
cryolite- 85
cryptococcus-deuteromycotina 119
cryptococcus-flavus 119
cryptococcus-laurentii 78, 119
cucumis-sativus 71, 76, 124, 133, 165
cultivars- 7, 13, 35, 171, 193
cultivation- 114
cultural-control 46, 62, 132, 135, 136, 165, 216
cultural-methods 147
culture-techniques 158
cutting-height 132
cydia-molesta 44
cydia-pomonella 22, 39, 129, 140, 175, 191, 195
cynodon-dactylon 21
cyromazine- 64
damage- 124, 155, 179
damping-off 165
daucus-carota 102
debaryomyces- 78
decision-making 183, 217
density-dependence 168
descriptions- 54
desiccation- 144
detection- 24
deuteromycotina- 14
deuterophoma-tracheiphila 100
developmental-stages 17, 99, 129
diabrotica-virgifera 65
diachasmimorpha-longicaudata 126
diachasmimorpha-tryoni 196
diagnostic-techniques 137
diaprepes-abbreviatus 43
dicyphus-tamaninii 146
diethofencarb- 27
dipping- 36, 51
disease-control 73, 203
disease-distribution 134
disease-incidence 102
disease-resistance 7, 138, 193
disease-severity 45
disease-suppression 194
disease-surveys 134
disease- transmission 103, 134, 136
disease-vectors 110, 134
disinfestation- 8
dispersal- 158, 196
disposal- 3
dna- 182
domestic-gardens 4, 91, 138
dominance- 38
drift- 143
drosophila- 145
dry-matter 61
dry-matter-accumulation 76
dry-rot 78
dusting- 36
dysaphis- 13
dysaphis-plantaginea 66, 112
earinus-limitarus 153
economic-analysis 40, 58, 98
economic-impact 178
economic-thresholds 4
economic-viability 59
economics- 127
edaphic-factors 35
efficacy- 16, 17, 30, 36, 44, 45, 71, 73, 74, 83, 129, 130, 140, 147, 153, 158, 165, 192, 194,
201, 206, 208, 211
elateridae- 216
empoasca-fabae 182
encarsia-berlesei 168
encouragement- 139
endomycetales- 149
endophytes- 7, 68
endopiza-vitieana 117
endosulfan- 53, 84, 85, 99
enterobacter-aerogenes 45
entomogenous-fungi 177, 182
entomopathogenic-bacteria 130
entomophilic-nematodes 43, 65, 77, 105
environmental-factors 212
environmental-management 123
environmental-policy 69
environmental-protection 3
eotetranychus- 25
eotetranychus-willamettei 141
ephydridae- 136
epiphyas-postvittana 83
epiphytes- 73
eretmocerus- 19
eriosoma-lanigerum 169
erwinia-carotovora-subsp 50, 167
erynia-radicans 182
esfenvalerate- 84, 99
essential-oils 51
establishment- 182
estimation-cabt 101
etiology- 137
europe- 112
euseius- 139
evolution- 170
expert- systems 127
extension- 172
farm-inputs 217
farm-management 9, 40
farming- 89
fecundity- 42, 154, 186
federal-programs 2
feeding- 99
feeding-behavior 19, 41, 130, 153, 170, 175
female-animals 154, 198
female-fertility 42
females- 19, 185
fenpiclonil- 36
fenvalerate- 84, 99
fertilizer-requirement-determination 82
fertilizers- 21, 89, 161, 203
festuca-arundinacea 40, 203
field-crops 4
field-experimentation 67
fields- 29
florida- 9, 30, 105, 121, 180
flowering-date 107
flowering-plants 107
flowers- 61, 144
flutolanil- 102
foliage- 152
food-acceptability 115
food-plants 66, 148, 177, 179
food-quality 51
food-safety 69, 115
food-storage 35
foraging- 152
forest-damage 200
forest-pests 200
formaldehyde- 36
formulations- 48, 65, 130
fosetyl- 45
fragaria- 3, 30, 171
frankliniella-occidentalis 124, 146
fruit- 118, 197, 219
Fruit-flies-Biological-control-Congresses 87
fruit-injury 106
Fruit-Postharvest-diseases-and-injuries-Biological-control 28
fruit-quality 51
fruit-trees 13, 113, 116, 151, 160, 180
fruiting- 88
fruits- 42, 61, 67, 76, 97, 119, 120, 129, 133, 144, 148
fumigants- 216
fumigation- 51
fungal-antagonists 15, 16, 52, 57, 60, 73, 76, 118, 149, 181
fungal-diseases 14, 32, 45, 86, 89, 100, 103, 134, 158, 165, 193, 194, 197
fungal-insecticides 182
fungicide-alternation 137
fungicide-combinations 137
fungicide-residues 69
fungicide-tolerance 78, 137
fungicides- 36, 39, 46, 69, 74, 117, 137, 193
fungus-control 16, 27, 36, 45, 51
furrows- 178
fusarium-proliferatum 86
fusarium-solani-var 78
galls- 71
genetic-markers 182
genotypes- 182
geographical-distribution 7, 70, 162
geotrichum-candidum 197
gibberella-pulicaris 24, 78, 137, 181, 194
gliocladium- 36
gliocladium-roseum 61
gliocladium-virens 102, 209
globodera-pallida 201
glomerella-cingulata 14, 210
glomerella-cingulata-f 210
glycoalkaloids- 120
godronia-cassandrae 14
golf-courses 105, 123, 150
gossypium-hirsutum 144, 188
granulosis- viruses 191
grapefruits- 15, 16
grapes- 149
grass-clippings 209
grasses- 7, 17
greece- 152
greenhouse-crops 103, 136
greenhouse-culture 67, 92
greenhouses- 4
gross-returns 59
ground-cover-plants 125
groups- 57
growing-media 61
growth- 45, 51, 120, 209
growth-rate 61, 165
guidelines- 3, 212
habitats- 47, 66, 90, 176
habrobrachon-hebetor 22
handling- 3
harvest-injuries 167
harvesting- 35
harvesting-date 119
hawaii- 38, 98, 101, 124, 134, 145, 196
hawks- 143
hay- 209
hazards- 3
heat-treatment 6
height- 145
helicoverpa-zea 144, 188
helminth-insecticides 43, 65
helotiales- 14
herbicides- 125, 212, 213
heterokaryosis- 210
hippodamia-convergens 99
hirsutella- 60, 62, 156, 201
hirsutella-rhossiliensis 62
history- 113
home-gardens 46
honeybees- 205
horticultural-crops 1, 32, 91, 103, 122, 138, 142, 146, 162, 215
horticultural-oils 191
host-parasite-relationships 170
host-plants 7, 34, 66, 107, 148
host-preferences 95, 126, 131
host-range 158, 162
host-suitability 95
hosts- 186
hulls- 209
hybrids- 71
hydroponics- 76
hymenoptera- 180
hyperparasitism- 75, 158, 168
hyperparasitoids- 168
idaho- 177, 216
identification- 4, 48, 182
in-vitro 130
incidence- 57, 74, 100, 102, 165
indexes- 183
indiana- 147
indonesia- 96, 114, 207
induced-mutations 50
induced-resistance 100, 141
infection- 7
infections- 60, 100
infectivity- 45, 130
infestation- 42, 124, 148, 179
inhibition- 51, 120, 143
injuries- 33, 167
innovation-adoption 9
inoculation-methods 158
inoculum-density 75
insect-attractants 18, 23, 128
insect-communities 89
insect-control 7, 8, 17, 18, 21, 23, 25, 33, 34, 37, 39, 46, 53, 54, 58, 64, 68, 70, 79, 81, 90, 91,
101, 105, 106, 112, 121, 128, 129, 135, 145, 147, 150, 153, 163, 166, 169, 172, 177, 180, 185,
188, 191, 200, 203, 205, 208, 218
insect-growth-regulators 13
insect-pests 4, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 17, 35, 46, 48, 58, 70, 89, 90, 94, 101, 106, 107, 112, 116, 123,
127, 128, 147, 148, 162, 172, 185, 188, 190, 193, 200, 205, 218
Insect-pests-Biological-control 199
Insect-sterilization-Congresses 87
insect-traps 4
insectaries- 185
insecticide-application 85
insecticide-resistance 84, 85, 127, 205
insecticides- 4, 10, 11, 34, 39, 44, 46, 48, 49, 56, 70, 108, 116, 142, 157, 179, 193, 200, 205,
216
integrated- control 8, 39, 82, 88, 94, 96, 110, 116, 119, 167, 195, 197, 207, 212
integrated-pest-management 2, 3, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 18, 20, 21, 25, 27, 35, 37, 39, 53, 56, 58,
59, 63, 64, 69, 71, 79, 80, 81, 84, 85, 90, 92, 94, 98, 104, 108, 110, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117,
122, 123, 124, 125, 127, 132, 133, 137, 138, 143, 151, 157, 160, 161, 163, 171, 172, 173, 179,
183, 184, 187, 192, 193, 200, 203, 204, 216, 217
interspecific-competition 25, 141
introduced-species 54, 116
iowa- 39
ipomoea-batatas 17, 19
iprodione- 27
iris- 212
irrigation- 21, 70, 132, 161, 203
isolation- 73, 194
-jussiaeae 210
kairomones- 152
kentucky- 130
-kurstaki 191
laboratory-rearing 164, 185
Landscape-plants-Diseases-and-pests-Integrated-control- Handbooks,-manuals,-etc 93
lantana-camara 162
larvae- 17, 29, 33, 42, 43, 99, 129, 130, 131, 140, 150, 176, 185, 186
lawn-soils 132
lawns-and-turf 7, 17, 20, 31, 33, 34, 47, 48, 68, 70, 77, 105, 123, 130, 132, 150
leaf-area 61
leafy-vegetables 35
leaves- 51, 124, 144, 151, 209
leguminosae- 190
leptinotarsa-decemlineata 29, 56, 64, 65, 84, 85, 127, 131, 147
lethal-dose 131
life-cycle 34, 48, 49, 70, 136, 142, 146, 176, 216
liming- 62
liriomyza-huidobrensis 173
liriomyza-sativae 98
literature-reviews 7, 112, 113, 115, 116, 159, 166, 179, 200
livestock- 4, 7
locomotion- 19
louisiana- 4, 138
low-input-agriculture 39, 89, 106, 124, 183
ludwigia- 210
ludwigia-decurrens 210
lycopersicon-esculentum 58, 59, 61, 67, 71, 89, 97, 102, 133
macrolophus-caliginosus 146
macroposthonia-xenoplax 156
malaise-traps 145
malaysia- 207
males- 54
malus- 81, 135, 218
malus-pumila 12, 18, 25, 39, 40, 41, 45, 63, 66, 69, 83, 106, 112, 140, 153, 157, 169, 175, 189,
191, 192, 198, 202, 214
malva- 210
malva-pusilla 210
mandarins- 51
mangifera-indica 42, 209
marketing- 35
mass-rearing 185, 196
massachusetts- 11, 12, 18, 63, 151, 155, 192, 193, 214
mating-behavior 152, 157
mating-disrupters 83
mating-disruption 44, 55, 83, 140, 195
maturation- 186
meadow-orchards 11, 193
meloidogyne-incognita 71, 138
meloidogyne-javanica 71
mesh-cages 135
metabolites- 128
metaseiulus-occidentalis 25
methomyl- 58, 99
methyl-bromide 22
methyl-eugenol 145
mexico- 88, 110, 154, 173
michigan- 9, 64
microbial- flora 61
microbial-pesticides 31, 156, 205
microhabitats- 169
microscopy- 151
mildews- 86
milky-disease 130
mineral-oils 129
mineralization- 89
miridae- 146
missouri- 218
mite-control 30, 79, 106, 112, 135, 141, 163, 206, 211, 214
mites- 12, 106, 211
mitotic-recombination 210
mixtures- 14, 15, 52
mode-of-action 24
mollusc-control 79, 163
monelliopsis-pecanis 99
monitoring- 23, 33, 37, 123, 190
monoammonium-phosphate 45
mortality- 98, 99, 129, 144, 177, 189
morus- 168
mowing- 21, 132, 203
mulches- 125, 209
mulching- 147
multiple-parasitism 168
muscidae- 145
mushroom-compost 209
mutants- 50, 97, 210
mutualism- 7
mycelium- 120
mycoherbicides- 210
myiopharus-doryphorae 131
myrica-faya 134
myzus-persicae 177
narcissus- 212
natural-enemies 11, 12, 49, 66, 106, 112, 116, 122, 146, 147
nematoda- 40
nematode-control 62, 67, 71, 138, 201
nematode-egg-production 71
nematophagous-fungi 60, 62, 156, 201
neoaplectana-glaseri 77, 150
neoseiulus-fallacis 151
neosilba- 148
net-returns 59
netherlands- 57
new-jersey 59
new-south-wales 53, 183
new-york 81, 86, 125, 178
new- zealand 83
newfoundland- 161
nitrogen- 89, 190
nitrogen-content 119, 190, 209
nitrogen-metabolism 52
nonpredaceous-beetles 41
nontarget-organisms 145
north-carolina 2, 35, 48, 67, 102
north-dakota 184
nova-scotia 41
nurseries- 207
nutrient-content 133
nutrient-sources 190
nymphs- 19
odors- 152
ohio- 202
oils- 143, 191
oligochaeta- 10
ontario- 44, 117
orange-peel 209
orchard-soils 40
orchards- 8, 10, 13, 18, 25, 39, 41, 46, 55, 63, 66, 81, 83, 104, 106, 112, 116, 125, 143, 151,
152, 153, 154, 168, 169, 175, 189, 190, 192, 195, 198, 204, 209, 213, 214
orchidaceae- 92
oregon- 46
organic-amendments 89, 132
organic-culture 59
organic-farming 41, 59, 89, 92, 106
organic-nitrogen- compounds 52
organophosphorus-insecticides 106, 143
origin- 70
orius- 146
orius-albidipennis 146
orius-laevigatus 146
orius-laticollis 146
orius-majusculus 146
orius-niger 146
ornamental-plants 4, 49
orthosia- 153
orthosia-hibisci 153
out-genes 50
ova- 29, 33, 129, 144, 154, 185, 186
ovaries- 186
overwintering- 189
oviposition- 19, 154, 185, 186
oxamyl- 71, 84, 85, 124
oxytetracycline- 206
ozone-depletion 22
paecilomyces-lilacinus 67
panonychus-ulmi 25, 135, 202
papaw-ringspot-virus 88, 110
parasexuality- 210
parasites-of-insect-pests 10, 37, 38, 42, 90, 95, 101, 106, 116, 121, 131, 148, 159, 168, 180,
185, 186, 189, 198, 218
-parasitica 75
parasitism- 38, 42, 95, 101, 131, 155, 156, 157, 168, 198, 218
parasitoid-augmentation 121, 159
parasitoid- augmentation-cabt 101
parasitoids- 12, 19, 38, 53, 54, 63, 95, 98, 101, 121, 126, 131, 148, 153, 157, 159, 168, 169,
174, 180, 185, 186, 189, 196, 198, 218
pastures- 7
pathogenicity- 7, 75
pathogens- 60
peach-orchard-soils 156
peanut-husks 209
pectate-lyase 50
pectinophora-gossypiella 188
pellets- 65
pencycuron- 36
penicillium- 16, 119
penicillium-digitatum 15
penicillium-expansum 52
penicillium-italicum 51
pennsylvania- 84, 133, 157
pentatomidae- 53
perennial-weeds 212
perillus-bioculatus 29
permethrin- 58
persea-americana 73
persistence- 208
peru- 173
pest-control 1, 31, 132, 190, 204, 219
pest-management 10
pest-resistance 7, 37, 71, 94, 171
pesticide-mixtures 74
pesticide-residues 183
pesticide-resistance 112, 113
pesticides- 2, 3, 12, 47, 89, 114, 123, 183
pests- 3, 47
Pests-Integrated-control-Idaho-Handbooks,-manuals,-etc 111
phaseolus-vulgaris 133
phenacoccus- 162
phenotypes- 210
pheromone-traps 55
pheromones- 23, 55, 83, 195
phialophora- 119
pholetesor-ornigis 218
phoma-medicaginis 120
phomopsis- 14
phomopsis-vaccinii 14
phoridae- 145
phosmet- 99
phthorimaea-operculella 166, 173
phyllocnistis- 37
phyllocnistis-citrella 37, 54
phyllonorycter- 189
phyllonorycter-blancardella 218
phyllonorycter-crataegella 63, 198, 218
phyllosticta- 14
phyllosticta-vaccinii 14
physalospora- 14
physalospora-vaccinii 14
physical-control 47, 213
phytoalexins- 6
phytophthora-cactorum 45
phytophthora-cinnamomi 75
phytophthora-citrophthora 75
phytophthora-infestans 74
phytophthora-nicotianae-var 75
phytoseiulus-persimilis 30
phytotoxicity- 209
pichia- 78
pichia-farinosa 78
plant-analysis 82, 133
plant-breeding 94
plant-disease-control 2, 3, 14, 15, 20, 27, 31, 32, 35, 39, 46, 50, 72, 74, 75, 76, 97, 100, 102,
103, 120, 133, 158, 165, 172, 187, 194, 207
plant-diseases 6, 20, 35, 50, 96, 103, 114, 117, 161, 172, 187
plant-disorders 35, 117, 172
plant-extracts 51, 120, 166
plant-height 61
plant-oils 206, 211
plant-parasitic- nematodes 62, 67, 71, 201
plant-pathogenic-bacteria 149
plant-pathogenic-fungi 27, 36, 45, 51, 57, 73, 120
plant-pathogens 35, 103
plant-pests 1, 114, 122, 185
plant- protection 96, 184, 217
plantations- 38
planting- 184
plants- 166
platynota-idaeusalis 157
plodia-interpunctella 22
pnigalio- 189
pnigalio-flavipes 189
poisoning- 3, 7
polymerase-chain-reaction 182
polyphagotarsonemus-latus 207
popillia-japonica 48, 77, 130, 150
population-density 5, 44, 56, 61, 62, 66, 67, 71, 106, 124, 135, 139, 140, 147, 168, 171, 185,
189, 190, 191, 201, 202
population-density-cabt 101
population-dynamics 52, 57, 66, 167, 168, 169, 170
population-ecology 38, 41
populations- 38, 190
postharvest-decay 6, 16, 52, 73, 118, 119, 181, 197
postharvest-treatment 6, 15, 16, 36, 51, 167
potato-stores 78
potatoes- 36, 78, 137, 172, 181
Potatoes-Diseases-and-pests-Integrated-control-Idaho-Handbooks,-manuals,-etc 111
poultry-manure 156, 209
pratylenchus-penetrans 60
predation- 29, 144, 146, 152, 175, 176
predator-augmentation 29
predator-prey-relationships 135, 170
predators-of-insect-pests 5, 25, 29, 37, 41, 66, 106, 107, 112, 116, 139, 144, 146, 152, 159, 164,
174, 175, 176
predatory-arthropods 66
predatory-insects 29, 41, 66, 146, 191, 202
predatory-mites 116, 135, 139, 202, 214
premnotrypes- 173
production- 127
production-costs 2, 35, 59
profitability- 58
project-implementation 81
protected-cultivation 135, 207
protective-coatings 15
pruning- 184
prunus- 153
prunus-dulcis 10, 62
prunus-persica 44, 62
pseudaulacaspis-pentagona 168
pseudomonas-cepacia 181
pseudomonas-corrugata 76
pseudomonas-fluorescens 76, 78, 209
pseudomonas-solanacearum 97
pseudomonas-syringae 52
psidium-guajava 101, 196
psyttalia-incisi 101
pteroptrix-orientalis 168
pupae- 42
pyrenochaeta-lycopersici 89
pyrethroid-insecticides 85, 169
pyrus- 160
pyrus-communis 119
pythium- 75, 76
pythium-aphanidermatum 76
quarantine- 8
quebec- 29
quintozene- 102
random-amplified-polymorphic-dna 182
red-tailed-hawks 143
refuse- compost 209
regimes- 85
regulations- 3
release- 154
reproductive-performance 186
research-projects 217
research-support 217
returns- 35, 59, 161
reviews- 187
rhagoletis-pomonella 18, 63
rhizoctonia- solani 36, 57, 120
rhizotrogus-majalis 70
rhododendron- 75
rice-husks 209
ripening- 101
risk- 9, 69, 143
risk-assessment 69, 210
robertsiae- 78
rodents- 4
roles- 104
root-rots 75, 76
roots- 45, 60, 71, 97
rootstocks- 100
rotations- 40, 56, 57
rotylenchulus-reniformis 67, 138
rubus-idaeus 3, 5
rubus-occidentalis 184
rubus-occidentalis-x-rubus-idaeus 184
rubus-strigosus 184
saccharomyces-cerevisiae 149
safety- 3
safety-at- work 4
scapteriscus- 105
sciaridae- 136
scirtothrips-citri 139, 179
screening- 24, 72, 73, 158, 190
searching-behavior 19
seasonal-abundance 41, 66, 168
seasonal-variation 191
seasonality- 5
secretion- 50
seed-cones 200
seed-dressings 32
seed-orchards 200
seed-potatoes 137, 167
seed-production 200
seed-treatment 32, 178
seedlings- 161, 165
seeds- 134
-sepedonicus 72
sequential-application 85
sewage-sludge 209
sex-pheromones 44, 140, 152
sex-ratio 95, 185, 186
sexual-reproduction 131, 185, 186
shoot- pruning 139
shoots- 67, 133, 141
smell- 152
sodium-hypochlorite 36
soil-analysis 82
soil-arthropods 89
soil-bacteria 24
soil- biology 89
soil-chemistry 89
soil-fertility 10, 40
soil-flora 89, 194
soil-fumigation 22, 165
soil-insects 89
soil-management 40
soil-organic-matter 10
soil- ph 62
soil-properties 133
soil-solarization 71
soil-structure 40
soil-temperature 144
soil-treatment 62
soil-types 161, 178
soil-types-textural 21, 203
soilborne-pathogens 103
soilless-culture 103
solanum-khasianum 120
solanum-tuberosum 29, 50, 56, 57, 60, 64, 72, 74, 85, 137, 147, 172, 173, 177, 194, 201, 216,
217
solenopsis- 176
south-africa 164, 187
sowing- 161
sp 210
spacing- 161
spain- 146
spatial-distribution 169, 198, 218
species- 214, 216
species-abundance 41
species-differences 95
species-diversity 41
sphenophorus-parvulus 34
spodoptera-frugiperda 188
spondias-mombin 42
sporobolomyces- 52
sporobolomyces-roseus 52
spraying- 36, 143
spraying-precautions 205
steinernema- 43, 65, 77, 105
steinernema-anomali 77
steinernema-carpocapsae 43
steinernema-riobravis 43, 188
stems- 97
stenotaphrum-secundatum 20
sterile-insect-release 8, 90, 159
storage- 3, 167
storage-decay 15, 78, 219
storage-disorders 172
storage-temperature 51
stored-products 4
strain-differences 7
strains- 17, 24, 76, 78, 100, 102, 158, 194
straw- mulches 147
strip-cropping 66
structure-activity-relationships 208
stylosanthes-hamata 210
subsidies- 13
substrates- 209
subtropical-fruits 187
sudangrass-hay 209
sugar- 206
summer- 189
superparasitism- 126, 168
suppression- 201
suppressive-soils 194
surfaces- 167
surveys- 148, 202
survival- 186
susceptibility- 145
sustainability- 2, 123, 133, 192
switzerland- 13, 66
sympiesis-marylandensis 63, 189, 198, 218
symptoms- 3, 20, 34, 100
synergism- 120
systems-research 217
taxonomy- 7
temperate-fruits 22
temperature- 51, 161
-tenebrionis 84
tephritidae- 8, 90, 159, 196
tetranychus-pacificus 141
tetranychus-urticae 30, 135, 171, 184
tetrastichus- 101
tetrastichus-giffardianus 101
texas- 9, 205
thatch- 132
thiabendazole- 119
thrips- 108, 207
thrips-palmi 124
thrips-parvispinus 207
thrips-tabaci 98
timing- 217
tires- 154
tolclofos-methyl- 36
topical-application 129
tortricidae- 13
toxicity- 4
toxoptera-aurantii 95
toxoptera-citricidus 174
toxorhynchites-theobaldi 154
transplanting- 161, 207
transport- 3
trapping- 128
tree-fruits 46
trees- 4
trichoderma- 36
trichoderma-hamatum 61
trichoderma-harzianum 27, 32, 165, 178, 209
trichogramma-pretiosum 155
trimedlure- 208
trissolcus- 53
trissolcus-oenone 53
tropics- 96
tubers- 50, 74, 194
tubes- 140
tulips- 212
Turf-management-Handbooks,-manuals,-etc 93
Turfgrasses-Diseases-and-pests-Integrated-control-Handbooks,-manuals,-etc 93
typhlodromus-pyri 25, 112, 151
typhodromus-pyri 135
ultraviolet-radiation 6
uncinula-necator 158
university-research 217
usa- 137
usage- 183
vaccinium- 3
vaccinium-macrocarpon 14, 155
varietal-resistance 94
varieties- 13, 138, 184
variety-classification 213
vegetable-shortening 206
vegetables- 9, 82, 94, 114, 115, 118, 178, 205
Vegetables-Postharvest-diseases-and-injuries-Biological-control 28
venturia-inaequalis 39
verticillium- 36, 57
verticillium-biguttatum 36, 57
vespula-germanica 152
viability- 134, 158
vinclozolin- 27
vineyards- 141
viral-diseases 184
virulence- 158
vitis- 117, 141, 158
vitis-labrusca 86
vitis-vinifera 26, 27, 86
volatile-compounds 23
washington- 106, 140, 160, 177
water-quality 2
wax-coatings 16
weather-data 2
weed-control 2, 21, 125, 133, 134, 142, 161, 162, 184, 203, 212
weeds- 35, 66, 134, 210, 212, 213
weight- 42, 61, 67
west-virginia 40, 169
wheat-flour 65
wheat-straw 147, 156
wick-culture 158
wildlife- 143
wilts- 97
wind-tunnels 23
wisconsin- 217
wood-chips 209
wood-compost 209
world-markets 2
yeasts- 149
yield-increases 64
zea-mays 32, 40, 133, 188
zetzellia-mali 25, 135, 151
zoysia-japonica 20
zygorrhynchus-moelleri 61
zygosaccharomyces- 149