Part II--Proposed New Industry Structure for Textile Mills, Textile Product Mills, Apparel Manufacturing, Leather and Allied Product Manufacturing. Section A--NAICS Structure North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) Agreement Number 5 This Document represents the proposed agreement on the structure of the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) for the following industries: Textile Mills Textile Product Mills Apparel Manufacturing Leather and Allied Product Manufacturing The detailed NAICS structure along with a brief description of the structure is attached (Attachments 1 and 2). Each country agrees to release a copy of the proposed NAICS structure to interested data users . For the apparel industries only, each country may develop a different national structure. These structures must, however, permit each country to aggregate to the NAICS structure in Attachment 1. Each country's detailed apparel structure is shown in Attachment 3. Comments received will be shared among the countries and discussions held before a final decision on the structure is made. This NAICS structure was presented and provisionally accepted at the NAICS Committee meeting held June 22 and 23, 1995 in Ottawa, Canada. Accepted: Signature Date Canada /S/ Jacob Ryten 6/23/95 Mexico /S/ Enrique Ordaz 6/23/95 United States /S/ Jack E. Triplett 6/23/95 ATTACHMENT 1--NAICS STRUCTURE XX Textile Mills XXX Fiber, Yarn and Thread Mills XXXX Fiber, Yarn and Thread Mills XXX Fabric Mills XXXX Broadwoven Fabric Mills XXXX Narrow Fabric Mills and Schiffli Machine Embroidery XXXX Nonwoven Fabric Mills XXXX Knit Fabric Mills XXX Textile and Fabric Finishing and Fabric Coating Mills XXXX Textile and Fabric Finishing Mills XXXX Fabric Coating Mills XX Textile Product Mills XXX Textile Furnishings Mills XXXX Carpet and Rug Mills XXXX Curtain and Linens Mills XXX Miscellaneous Textile Product Mills XXXX Textile Bags and Canvas Mills XXXX Other Miscellaneous Textile Product Mills XX Apparel Manufacturing XXX Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturing XXXX Outerwear Manufacturers and Jobbers XXXX Underwear and Nightwear Manufacturers and Jobbers XXXX Cut and Sew Apparel Contractors XXX Apparel Knitting Mills XXXX Hosiery and Socks Mills XXXX Other Apparel Knitting Mills XXX Apparel Accessories and Other Apparel Manufacturing XXXX Apparel Accessories and Other Apparel Manufacturing XX Leather And Allied Product Manufacturing XXX Leather and Hide Tanning and Finishing XXXX Leather and Hide Tanning and Finishing XXX Footwear Manufacturing XXXX Footwear Manufacturing XXX Miscellaneous Leather and Allied Product Manufacturing XXXX Miscellaneous Leather and Allied Product Manufacturing Attachment 2--North American Industry Classification System Draft Classification for: Textile Mills Textile Product Mills Apparel Manufacturing Leather and Allied Product Manufacturing Representatives of the statistical agencies of Canada, Mexico and the United States agree to a draft industry classification for these industries. The draft classification provides for four subsectors; Textile Mills; Textile Product Mills; Apparel Manufacturing; and Leather and Allied Product Manufacturing. These groups are further sub-divided into eleven industry groups and twenty industries. The subsectors will be part of the Manufacturing sector of the NAICS classification. A General Outline Textile Mills comprise a group of industries that transform a basic fiber (natural or synthetic) into a product that is further manufactured into usable items such as apparel, sheets and towels, and textile bags for individual or industrial consumption. The main processes in this subsector include preparation and spinning of fiber, knitting or weaving of fabric, and finally the finishing of the textile. The NAICS structure follows and captures this process flow. Major industries in this flow such as preparation of fibers, weaving of fabric, knitting of fabric, and fiber and fabric finishing are uniquely identified. Texturizing, throwing, twisting, and winding of yarn contains aspects of both fiber preparation and fiber finishing. In the end, the decision was to class these with preparation of fibers rather than with finishing of fiber. The subsector Textile Product Mills includes the production of textile products, except apparel. With a few exceptions, processes used in these industries are generally "cut and sew," i.e., purchasing fabric and cutting and sewing to make a non-apparel textile product such as sheets and towels. By creating a separate subsector, the classification more accurately reflects both the production aspect and the strong desire for a separate identification for these activities by many data users. The Apparel Manufacturing subsector consists of establishments with two distinct manufacturing processes: (1) "cut and sew" as described above and (2) the manufacture of garments in establishments that first knit fabric and then cut and sew the fabric into a garment. Knitting, when done alone, is classified in the Textile Mills subsector, but when knitting is combined with the production of complete garments, the production processes are similar to those in Apparel Manufacturing. The three countries agreed to establish separate subsectors for Textile Product Mills and Apparel Manufacturing. These groupings allow for the unique identification at a high classification level for Apparel Manufacturing, an extremely important international trade grouping. The subsector Leather and Allied Product Manufacturing consists of transforming hides into leather by tanning or curing, and fabricating the leather into products for final consumption. It also includes the manufacture of certain other, similar products from other materials, including products other than apparel made from "leather substitutes", such as rubber, plastic, or textiles. Rubber footwear, textile luggage, and plastic purses or wallets are examples of "leather substitute" products included in this group. The products made from leather substitutes are produced in similar ways as are the leather products (luggage, for example) and they are made in the same establishments so it is not practical to separate them. The inclusion of leather production in this subsector is partly because leather tanning is a relatively small industry that has few close neighbors as a production process, partly because leather is an input to some of the other products classified in this subsector, and partly for historical reasons. Limitations and Constraints of the Classification There are some analytical needs that cannot be met by this industry classification. For example, there is a need in the U.S. and Canada for data for separate statistics for men's and women's apparel, even though overlap of production exists for many specific clothing items. This cannot be accommodated by NAICS because of differences in the way apparel production is organized in Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Specifically, in Mexico, producers of children's wear are not specialized according to gender as they are in the U.S. and Canada. It is therefore, not possible for Mexico to create separate industries for men's and boys' versus women's and girls'. Canada and the U.S., on the other hand, can recognize this distinction and in the national detail of the two countries, these groupings are recognized. Moreover, Mexico requires that uniforms be grouped together in a single industry; in the U.S. and Canada, production of men's uniforms is usually separate from production of women's uniforms. Additionally, size constraints prohibit separation of some activities in Canada. For example, Canada cannot support a separate men's work clothing industry. These differences in the way apparel production is organized in the three countries also greatly limits the number of NAICS industries that can be defined in this subsector. As a result, NAICS industries have been defined at a rather highly aggregated level (e.g., outerwear) because only at these levels of aggregation will it be possible to publish comparable data across all three countries. Therefore, the three countries agreed that each country will publish more detailed national industries that meet their respective national needs for data on apparel. For the apparel industries only, each country may develop a different national structure. These structures must, however, permit each country to aggregate to the NAICS structure shown in Attachment 1. Attachment 3 shows each country's detailed national structure for apparel. For users requiring detailed commodity information, each country will publish information on products of these industries. Efforts also are underway to harmonize the commodity classifications to allow comparability of these statistics. An issue related to the coding structure is the ability to publish, and the economic significance of the items defined in the classification. In the apparel industry, most activities that were identified in one country exist in the others. However, often an activity is not economically significant to the same degree in all countries. Further, data for some significant activities cannot be published for a particular country because of confidentiality rules. Finally, the way activities are combined in establishments differs to some extent in the different countries. A structure could have been developed that specified such activities in NAICS, but the resulting statistical tables for any given country would have numerous insignificant or suppressed entries. For example, Canada cannot support a separate men's work clothing industry because of size. It was preferable to adopt an operating rule for this industry subsector that the NAICS industries must be economically significant and publishable. It is anticipated that each country will publish additional categories that comprise sub-divisions of NAICS industries to present data for activities that are nationally significant. Relationship to ISIC The new NAICS structure for textiles, apparel, and leather does not match the current International Standard Industrial Classification of all Economic Activities (ISIC, Revision 3). The ISIC divisions covered by these NAICS subsectors are: Division 17, Manufacture of Textiles; Division 18, Manufacture of Wearing Apparel: Dressing and Dyeing of Fur; and Division 19, Tanning and Dressing of Leather; Manufacture of Luggage, Handbags, Saddlery, Harness and Footwear. Within ISIC, apparel made from fabric made in the same establishment is classified in one division and that made from fabric made by another establishment is classified in a different division. Within ISIC, both manufacturing of primary textiles and made-up textile products are classified in the same division while in NAICS these functions have been separated into two subsectors. However, of the twenty one NAICS 4-digit industries in these subsectors, only four do not fall within a single ISIC Division. The four that do not, cross two ISIC divisions. Moreover, the majority of the NAICS industries created fall within a single 4-digit ISIC industry. Some Changes to the National Classifications This section highlights some of the significant changes to existing national classifications. In Textile Mills, the NAICS structure following the production flow resulted in a major restructuring for Canada. Every new national industry in Canada will have some change. For the United States, the main industry change involves moving finishing of fiber, yarn, thread, and wool fabric into separate classifications. The United States converters of non knit (woven) fabric also were moved to manufacturing. In Mexico, the changes were minor. The subsector Textile Product Mills contains no major changes for any of the three countries. In NAICS, all three countries moved curtains and draperies made from purchased materials to this grouping. The major change for Mexico and the U. S. for all NAICS industries in Apparel Manufacturing was the classification of cut and sew contracting into a separate NAICS industry group. The fact that cut and sew apparel contractors make women's dresses one week and women's blouses the next or make men's shirts one week and men's pants the next results in difficulties in classifying establishments. In addition, these contractors are typically small, thus causing additional difficulties in classifying these establishments. Classifying all contractors together eases the data collection process. Creating a separate contracting industry for apparel results in a change in virtually every U.S. (13) and Mexican (6) apparel manufacturing industry. Canada already recognizes apparel contracting in its current structure. It should be noted that Mexico will continue to collect and publish a combined industry (including contractors) for the cut and sew area, but will publish separate NAICS for this industry. The U.S. Census Bureau has published information in the past on cut and sew contractors. This information will be used as a bridge to link the 1997 Economic Census data based on NAICS to data that would have been published on the 1987 SIC basis. This link will provide data users essential information for time series comparability. Achievement of Objectives The classification meets the objectives for the NAICS. It is comprised of industries that group establishments with similar production processes, that is, it applies the production-oriented economic concept. In the main, the hierarchical structure of the classification also follows the production concept. The classification achieves comparability for the three participating countries. Based on existing data, all three countries expect to be able to publish data regularly at the industry level of the structure. All countries agree on the detailed definitions of the industries. Other objectives of the NAICS project are not as relevant in this area of the classification as in others. These objectives are the delineation of new and emerging industries, service industries, and industries engaged in the production of advanced technologies. The industry subsector in question is relatively mature, generally produces goods, and has employed relatively stable technology. Therefore, the emphasis was on the objectives listed above. The industries have high specialization ratios, and they are economically significant. The detail and structure of the classification are balanced in size. This enhances the classification's suitability for sampling, data-publishing and other aspects of survey operations. For Textile Mills and Textile Product Mills, disruptions to time series have been kept to a minimum. In Apparel Manufacturing, however, the establishment of a separate industry for cut and sew contractors results in a change for the U.S. to nearly all of the existing apparel industries. A link between the old and new industries will be provided where possible. Attachment 3--Individual Country Structure for Apparel Manufacturing--NAICS Description CANADA XX Apparel Manufacturing XXX Men's and Boys' Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturers and Jobbers XXXX Men's and Boys' Cut and Sew Shirt, including Work Shirt Manufacturers and Jobbers XXXX Men's and Boys' Cut and Sew Trouser, Slack and Jean, including Work Clothing Manufacturers and Jobbers XXXX Men's and Boys' Cut and Sew Suit, Coat, and Overcoat Manufacturers and Jobbers XXXX Men's and Boys' Cut and Sew Other Outerwear Manufacturers and Jobbers XXXX Men's and Boys' Cut and Sew Underwear and Nightwear Manufacturers and Jobbers XXX Women's and Girls' Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturers and Jobbers XXXX Women's and Girls' Cut and Sew Blouse and Shirt Manufacturers and Jobbers XXXX Women's and Girls' Cut and Sew Dress Manufacturers and Jobbers XXXX Women's and Girls' Cut and Sew Suit, Coat, Tailored Jacket and Skirt Manufacturers and Jobbers XXXX Women's and Girls' Cut and Sew Other Outerwear Manufacturers and Jobbers XXXX Women's and Girls' Cut and Sew Lingerie, Loungewear and Nightwear Manufacturers and Jobbers XXX Other Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturers and Jobbers XXXX Infants' Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturers and Jobbers XXXX Fur and Leather Apparel Manufacturers and Jobbers XXXX All Other Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturers and Jobbers XXX Cut and Sew Apparel Contractors XXX Apparel Knitting Mills XXXX Hosiery and Socks Mills XXXX Other Apparel Knitting Mills XXX Apparel Accessories and Other Apparel Manufacturing XXXX Apparel Accessories and Other Apparel Manufacturing MEXICO XX Apparel Manufacturing XXXXXX Making up of mass-produced men's outerwear XXXXXX Making up of made-to-measure men's outerwear XXXXXX Making up of mass-produced women's outerwear XXXXXX Making up of women's made-to-measure outerwear XXXXXX Making up of shirts XXXXXX Making up of uniforms XXXXXX Making up of men's wear from leather, hides and synthetics XXXXXX Making up of women's wear from leather, hides and synthetics XXXXXX Making up of children's outerwear XXXXXX Making up of other outerwear XXXXXX Making up of foundation garments XXXXXX Making up of other innerwear XXXXXX Manufacture of hats, caps, etc. XXXXXX Manufacture of hats, caps, etc., from palm and other hard fibers XXXXXX Manufacture of gloves, ties, scarves, etc. UNITED STATES XX Apparel Manufacturing XXX Men's and Boys' Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturers and Jobbers XXXX Men's and Boys' Cut and Sew Shirt, except Work Shirt Manufacturers and Jobbers XXXX Men's and Boys' Cut and Sew Trouser, Slack, and Jean Manufacturers and Jobbers XXXX Men's and Boys' Cut and Sew Work Clothing Manufacturers and Jobbers XXXX Men's and Boys' Cut and Sew Suit, Coat, and Overcoat Manufacturers and Jobbers XXXX Men's and Boys' Cut and Sew Other Outerwear Manufacturers and Jobbers XXXX Men's and Boys' Cut and Sew Underwear and Nightwear Manufacturers and Jobbers XXX Women's and Girls' Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturers and Jobbers XXXX Women's and Girls' Cut and Sew Blouse and Shirt Manufacturers and Jobbers XXXX Women's and Girls' Cut and Sew Dress Manufacturers and Jobbers XXXX Women's and Girls' Cut and Sew Suit, Coat, Tailored Jacket and Skirt Manufacturers and Jobbers XXXX Women's and Girls' Cut and Sew Other Outerwear Manufacturers and Jobbers XXXX Women's and Girls' Cut and Sew Lingerie, Loungewear, and Nightwear Manufacturers and Jobbers XXX Other Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturers and Jobbers XXXX Infants' Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturers and Jobbers XXXX Fur and Leather Apparel Manufacturers and Jobbers XXXX All Other Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturers and Jobbers XXX Cut and Sew Apparel Contractors XXXX Men's and Boys' Apparel Contractors XXXX Women's and Girls' Apparel Contractors XXX Apparel Knitting Mills XXXX Hosiery and Socks Mills XXXXX Sheer Hosiery Mills XXXXX Other Hosiery and Socks Mills XXXX Other Apparel Knitting Mills XXXXX Outerwear Knitting Mills XXXXX Underwear and Nightwear Knitting Mills XXX Apparel Accessories and Other Apparel Manufacturing XXXX Hat, Cap, and Millinery Manufacturing XXXX Glove and Mitten Manufacturing XXXX Men's and Boys' Neckwear Manufacturing XXXX Apparel Belt, Apparel Accessories, and Other Apparel Manufacturing Section B-Annex: United States National Industry Detail As explained in the Structure presentation of this notice, for a number of reasons 4-digit industries in the three NAICS industry subsectors presented in Part 1, Section A--Attachment 1, contain less detail than is currently in the U.S. SIC system, and less detail than is required to meet important analytical requirements in the U.S. The three country agreement on NAICS envisions that each country may develop national detailed industries below the NAICS industry level, so long as the national detail can be aggregated to the NAICS classification, thus assuring full North American comparability. The ECPC is proposing U.S. 5-digit industry detail for the three NAICS industry subsectors covered in Part I of this notice. For cases where no 5-digit detail is shown, the ECPC is proposing that the NAICS 4-digit industries will also represent the most detailed U.S. industries. TABLE 1 The definitions of status codes are as follows: E-existing industry; N-new industry; R-revised industry; and * means "part of". The abbreviation NEC is used for Not Elsewhere Classified. 1997 NAICS and U.S. description Status code 1987 SIC code 1987 SIC description XX Textile Mills XXX Fiber, Yarn, and Thread Mills XXXX Fiber, Yarn, and Thread Mills XXXXX Yarn Spinning Mills R 2281 Yarn Spinning Mills *2299 Textile Goods, NEC (Yarn of Hard Fiber) *3999 Manufacturing Industries NEC (Yarn of Animal Hair) XXXXX Yarn Texturing, Throwing, and Twisting Mills R *2282 Throwing and Winding Mills (Except Spooling Purchased Yarns) XXXXX Thread Mills R *2284 Thread Mills (Except Finishing) *2299 Textile Goods, NEC (Thread of Hard Fiber) *3999 Manufacturing Industries NEC (Thread of Animal Hair) XXX Fabric Mills XXXX Broadwoven Fabric Mills N 2211 Broadwoven Fabric Mills, Cotton 2221 Broadwoven Fabric Mills, Manmade *2231 Broadwoven Fabric Mills, Wool (Except Wool Finishing) *2299 Textile Goods, NEC (Broadwoven Fabrics of Hard Fiber) XXXX Narrow Fabric Mills and Schiffli Machine Embroideries XXXXX Narrow Fabric Mills R 2241 Narrow Fabric Mills *2299 Textile Goods, NEC (Narrow Fabric of Hard Fiber) XXXXX Schiffli Machine Embroideries E 2397 Schiffli Machine Embroideries XXXX Nonwoven Fabric Mills R 2297 Nonwoven Fabrics *2299 Textile Goods, NEC (Nonwoven Felt) XXXX Knit Fabric Mills XXXXX Weft Knit Fabric Mills R *2257 Weft Knit Fabric Mills (Except Finishing) *2259 Knitting Mills NEC (Finished Articles) XXXXX Other Knit Fabric and Lace Mills R *2258 Lace and Warp Knit Fabric Mills (Except Finishing) *2259 Knitting Mills NEC (Finished Articles) XXX Textile and Fabric Finishing and Fabric Coating Mills XXXX Textile and Fabric Finishing Mills XXXXX Broadwoven Fabric Finishing Mills N *2231 Broadwoven Fabric Mills, Wool (Wool Broadwoven Fabric Finishing) 2261 Finishing Plants, Cotton 2262 Finishing Plants, Manmade *2269 Finishing Plants, NEC (Linen Fabric Finishing) *5131 Piece Goods and Notions (Broadwoven Converters) XXXXX Textile and Fabric Finishing Mills, except Broadwoven Fabric N *2231 Broadwoven Fabric Mills, Wool (Wool Finishing except Broadwoven Fabric) 2257 Weft Knit Fabric Mills (Finishing) *2258 Lace and Warp Knit Fabric Mills (Finishing) *2269 Finishing Plants, NEC (Except Linen Fabric Finishing) *2282 Throwing and Winding Mills (Yarn Finishing) *2284 Thread Mills (Thread Finishing) *2299 Textile Goods, NEC (Finishing Yarn/Thread of Hard Fibers) *5131 Piece Goods and Notions (Converters, Except Broadwoven and Knit) XXXX Fabric Coating Mills R 2295 Coated Fabrics, Not Rubberized *3069 Fabricated Rubber Products, NEC (Rubberized Fabric) XX Textile Product Mills XXX Textile Furnishings Mills XXXX Carpet and Rug Mills E 2273 Carpets and Rugs XXXX Curtain and Linen Mills XXXXX Curtain and Drapery Mills E 2391 Curtains and Draperies XXXXX Other Household Textile Product Mills R *2392 Housefurnishings, NEC (Except Mops and Bags) XXX Miscellaneous Textile Product Mills XXXX Textile Bags and Canvas Mills XXXXX Textile Bag Mills R *2392 Housefurnishings, NEC (Blanket and Laundry Bags) 2393 Textile Bags XXXXX Canvas and Related Product Mills E 2394 Canvas and Related Products XXXX Other Miscellaneous Textile Product Mills XXXXX Rope, Cordage and Twine Mills E 2298 Cordage and Twine XXXXX Tire Cord and Tire Fabric Mills E 2296 Tire Cord and Fabrics XXXXX All Other Miscellaneous Textile Product Mills R *2259 Knitting Mills, NEC (Except Apparel) *2299 Textile Goods, NEC (Other Textile Products) *2395 Pleating and Stitching (Except Apparel Contractors) *2396 Automotive and Apparel Trimmings (Textile Products Except Automotive Trim and Printing on Apparel) *2399 Fabricated Textile Products, NEC (Except Apparel, Automotive Seat Belts, and Seat Covers) XX Apparel Manufacturing XXX Men's and Boys' Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturers and Jobbers XXXX Men's and Boys' Cut and Sew Shirt, except Work Shirt Manufacturers and Jobbers R *2321 Men's and Boys' Shirts (Except Contractors) *2361 Girls' and Children's Dresses, Blouses (Boys' Except Contractors) XXXX Men's and Boys' Cut and Sew Trouser, Slack, and Jean Manufacturers and Jobbers R *2325 Men's and Boys' Trousers and Slacks (Except Contractors) *2369 Girls' and Children's Outerwear, NEC (Boys' Except Contractors) XXXX Men's and Boys' Cut and Sew Work Clothing Manufacturers and Jobbers R *2326 Men's and Boys' Work Clothing (Except Contractors) XXXX Men's and Boys' Cut and Sew Suit, Coat, and Overcoat Manufacturers and Jobbers R *2311 Men's and Boys' Suits and Coats (Except Contractors) *2369 Girls' and Children's Outerwear, NEC (Boys' Except Contractors) *2385 Waterproof Outerwear (Men and Boys' Except Contractors) XXXX Men's and Boys' Cut and Sew Other Outerwear Manufacturers and Jobbers R *2329 Men's and Boys' Clothing, NEC (Except Contractors) *2369 Girls' and Children's Outerwear, NEC (Boys' Except Contractors) *2385 Waterproof Outerwear (Except Contractors) XXXX Men's and Boys' Cut and Sew Underwear and Nightwear Manufacturers and Jobbers R *2322 Men's and Boys' Underwear and Nightwear (Except Contractors) *2341 Women's and Children's Underwear (Boys' Except Contractors) *2369 Girls' and Children's Outerwear, NEC (Boys' Robes Except Contractors) *2384 Robes and Dressing Gowns (Men's Except Contractors) XXX Women's and Girls' Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturers and Jobbers XXXX Women's and Girls' Cut and Sew Blouse and Shirt Manufacturers and Jobbers R *2331 Women's and Misses" Blouses and Shirts (Except Contractors) *2361 Girls' and Children's Dresses, Blouses (Girls' Except Contractors) XXXX Women's and Girls' Cut and Sew Dress Manufacturers and Jobbers R *2335 Women's, Juniors', and Misses' Dresses (Except Contractors) *2361 Girls' and Children's Dresses, Blouses (Girls' Except Contractors) XXXX Women's and Girls' Cut and Sew Suit, Coat, Tailored Jacket and Skirt Manufacturers and Jobbers R *2337 Women's and Misses' Suits and Coats (Except Contractors) *2369 Girls' and Children's Outerwear, NEC (Girls' Except Contractors) *2385 Waterproof Outerwear (Except Contractors) XXXX Women's and Girls' Cut and Sew Other Outerwear Manufacturers and Jobbers R *2339 Women's and Misses' Outerwear, NEC (Except Contractors) *2369 Girls' and Children's Outerwear, NEC (Girls' Except Contractors) *2385 Waterproof Outerwear (Women's and Girls' Except Contractors) XXXX Women's and Girls' Cut and Sew Lingerie, Loungewear, and Nightwear R *2341 Women's and Children's Underwear (Women and Girls' Except Contractors) 2342 Bras, Girdles, and Allied Garments (Except Contractors) *2369 Girls' and Children's Outerwear, NEC (Girls' Except Contractors) *2384 Robes and Dressing Gowns (Women's Except Contractors) *2389 Apparel and Accessories, NEC (Garter Belts) XXX Other Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturers and Jobbers XXXX Infants' Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturers and Jobbers R *2341 Women's and Children's Underwear (Infants' Except Contractors) *2361 Girls' and Children's Dresses, Blouses (Infants' Except Contractors) *2369 Girls' and Children's Outerwear, NEC (Infants' Except Contractors) *2385 Waterproof Outerwear (Infants' Except Contractors) XXXX Fur and Leather Apparel Manufacturers and Jobbers N 2371 Fur Goods 2386 Leather and Sheep-lined Clothing XXXX All Other Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturers and Jobbers R *2329 Men's and Boys' Outerwear, NEC (Athletic Uniforms Except Contractors) *2339 Women's and Misses' Outerwear, NEC (Athletic Uniforms Except Contractors) *2385 Waterproof Outerwear (Except Contractors) *2389 Apparel and Accessories, NEC (Garments) XXX Cut and Sew Apparel Contractors XXXX Men's and Boys' Cut and Sew Apparel Contractors N *2311 Men's and Boys' Suits and Coats (Contractors) *2321 Men's and Boys' Shirts (Contractors) *2322 Men's and Boys' Underwear and Nightwear (Contractors) *2325 Men's and Boys' Trousers and Slacks (Contractors) *2326 Men's and Boys' Work Clothing (Contractors) *2329 Men's and Boys' Clothing, NEC (Contractors) *2341 Women's and Children's Underwear (Boys' Contractors) *2361 Girls' and Children's Dresses, Blouses (Boys' Contractors) *2369 Girls' and Children's Outerwear, NEC (Boys' Contractors) *2384 Robes and Dressing Gowns (Men's Contractors) *2385 Waterproof Outerwear (Men's and Boy's Contractors) *2395 Pleating and Stitching (Men's and Boy's Contractors) XXXX Women's and Girls' Cut and Sew Apparel Contractors N *2331 Women's and Misses' Blouses and Shirts (Contractors) *2335 Women's, Juniors', and Misses' Dresses (Contractors) *2337 Women's and Misses' Suits and Coats (Contractors) *2339 Women's and Misses' Outerwear, NEC (Contractors) *2341 Women's and Children's Underwear (Women's and Girls' Contractors) *2342 Bras, Girdles, and Allied Garments (Contractors) *2361 Girls' and Children's Dresses, Blouses (Girls' Contractors) *2369 Girls' and Children's Outerwear, NEC (Girls' Contractors) *2384 Robes and Dressing Gowns (Women's Contractors) *2385 Waterproof Outerwear (Women's and Girls' Contractors) *2389 Apparel and Accessories, NEC (Contractors) *2395 Pleating and Stitching (Contractors) XXX Apparel Knitting Mills XXXX Hosiery and Socks Mills XXXXX Sheer Hosiery Mills R 2251 Women's Hosiery, except Socks XXXXX Other Hosiery and Socks Mills R *2252 Hosiery, NEC (Girls' Hosiery) XXXX Other Apparel Knitting Mills XXXXX Outerwear Knitting Mills R 2253 Knit Outerwear Mills *2259 Knitting Mills, NEC (Gloves and Mittens) XXXXX Underwear and Nightwear Knitting Mills E 2254 Knit Underwear Mills *2259 Knitting Mills, NEC (Girdles) XXX Apparel Accessories and Other Apparel Manufacturing XXXX Hat, Cap, and Millinery Manufacturing E 2353 Hats, Caps, and Millinery XXXX Glove and Mitten Manufacturing R 2381 Fabric Dress and Work Gloves 3151 Leather Gloves and Mittens XXXX Men's and Boys' Neckwear Manufacturing E 2323 Men's and Boys' Neckwear XXXX Apparel Belt, Apparel Accessories and Other Apparel Manufacturing N *2339 Women's and Misses' Outerwear, NEC (Scarves) *2385 Waterproof Outerwear (Except Raincoats) 2387 Apparel Belts *2389 Apparel and Accessories, NEC (Handkerchiefs, Arm Bands, etc.) *2396 Automotive and Apparel Trimmings (Apparel Findings and Trimming) *2399 Fabricated Textile Products, NEC (Except Automotive Seat Belts, Seat Covers, and Textile Products) XX Leather and Allied Product Manufacturing XXX Leather and Hide Tanning and Finishing XXXX Leather and Hide Tanning and Finishing R 3111 Leather Tanning and Finishing *3999 Manufacturing Industries, NEC (Fur Dressing and Finishing) XXX Footwear Manufacturing XXXX Footwear Manufacturing XXXXX Rubber and Plastic Footwear Manufacturing E 3021 Rubber and Plastics Footwear XXXXX House Slipper Manufacturing E 3142 House Slippers XXXXX Men's Footwear Manufacturing, except Athletic E 3143 Men's Footwear, except Athletic XXXXX Women's Footwear Manufacturing, except Athletic E 3144 Women's Footwear, except Athletic XXXXX Other Footwear Manufacturing E 3149 Footwear except Rubber, NEC XXX Miscellaneous Leather and Allied Product Manufacturing XXXX Miscellaneous Leather and Allied Product Manufacturing XXXXX Luggage Manufacturing E 3161 Luggage XXXXX Women's Handbag and Purse Manufacturing E 3171 Women's Handbags and Purses XXXXX Other Miscellaneous Leather Good Manufacturing R *3131 Boot and Shoe Cut Stock and Findings(Except Wood Heels and Metal Buckles) 3172 Personal Leather Goods, except Women's Handbags and Purses 3199 Leather Goods, NEC TABLE 2 The abbreviation "pt" means "part of", @ means time series break has been created that is greater than 3% of the 1992 value of shipments for the 1987 SIC industry. The abbreviation NEC is used for Not Elsewhere Classified. 1987 SIC code 1987 SIC description 1997 U.S. description 2211@ Broadwoven Fabric Mills, Cotton Broadwoven Fabric Mills (pt) 2221@ Broadwoven Fabric Mills, Manmade Broadwoven Fabric Mills (pt) 2231@ Broadwoven Fabric Mills, Wool Except Finishing Broadwoven Fabric Mills (pt) Except Finishing Broadwoven Fabric Mills (pt) Finishing Broadwoven Fabric Finishing Mills (pt) 2241 Narrow Woven Fabric Mills Narrow Fabric Mills (pt) 2251@ Women's Hosiery, Except Socks Sheer Hosiery Mills (pt) 2252 @ Hosiery, NEC Girls' Hosiery Sheer Hosiery Mills (pt) Socks Other Hosiery and Socks Mills 2253@ Knit Outerwear Mills Outerwear Knitting Mills (pt) 2254 Knit Underwear Mills Underwear and Nightwear Knitting Mills 2257@ Weft Knit Fabric Mills Weft Knit Fabric Mills Except Finishing Weft Knit Fabric Mills Finishing Textile and Fabric Finishing Mills Except Broadwoven Fabric pt) 2258@ Lace and Warp Knit Fabric Mills Except Finishing Other Knit Fabric and Lace Mills Finishing Textile and Fabric Finishing Mills, except Broadwoven Fabric (pt) 2259@ Knitting Mills, NEC Knit Gloves and Mittens Outerwear Knitting Mills (pt) Girdles Underwear and Nightwear Knitting Mills (pt) Finished Articles of Weft Knit Fabric Weft Knit Fabric Mills (pt) Finished Articles of Warp Knit Fabric Other Knit Fabric and Lace Mills (pt) 2261@ Finishing Plants, Cotton Broadwoven Fabric Finishing Mills (pt) 2262@ Finishing Plants, Manmade Broadwoven Fabric Finishing Mills (pt) 2269@ Finishing Plants, NEC Broadwoven Finishing Broadwoven Fabric Finishing Mills (pt) Except Broadwoven Finishing Textile and Fabric Finishing Mills, except Broadwoven Fabric (pt) 2273 Carpets and Rugs Carpet and Rug Mills 2281@ Yarn Spinning Mills Yarn Spinning Mills (pt) 2282@ Throwing and Winding Mills Except Spooling Purchased Yarn Yarn Texturing, Throwing and Twisting Mills Spooling Purchased Yarn Textile and Fabric Finishing Mills, except Broadwoven Fabric (pt) 2284@ Thread Mills Except Finishing Finishing Thread Mills (pt) Textile and Fabric Finishing Mills, Except Broadwoven Fabric (pt) 2295@ Coated Fabrics, Not Rubberized Fabric Coating Mills (pt) 2296 Tire Cord and Fabrics Tire Cord and Tire Fabric Mills 2297@ Nonwoven Fabrics Nonwoven Fabric Mills (pt) 2298 Cordage and Twine Rope, Cordage and Twine Mills 2299@ Textile Goods, NEC Broadwoven Fabric of Hard Fibers Broadwoven Fabric Mills (pt) Nonwoven Felt Nonwoven Fabric Mills (pt) Finishing Hard Fiber Thread and Yarn Textile and Fabric Finishing Mills, except Broadwoven Fabric (pt) Narrow Woven Fabric of Hard Fibers Narrow Fabric Mills (pt) Thread of Hard Fibers Thread Mills (pt) Yarn of Hard Fibers Yarn Spinning Mills (pt) Other Textile Goods All Other Miscellaneous Textile Product Mills (pt) 2311@ Men's and Boys' Suits and Coats Contractors Men's and Boys' Cut and Sew Suit, Coat, and Overcoat Manufacturers and Jobbers (pt) Except Contractors Men's and Boys' Cut and Sew Apparel Contractors (pt) 2321@ Men's and Boys' Shirts Contractors Men's and Boys' Cut and Sew Apparel Contractors (pt) Except Contractors Men's and Boys' Cut and Sew Shirt, except Work Shirt Manufacturers and Jobbers (pt) 2322@ Men's and Boys' Underwear and Nightwear Contractors Men's and Boys' Cut and Sew Apparel Contractors (pt) Except Contractors Men's and Boys' Cut and Sew Underwear and Nightwear Manufacturers and Jobbers (pt) 2323 Men's and Boys' Neckwear Men's and Boys' Neckwear 2325@ Men's and Boys' Trousers and Slacks Contractors Men's and Boys' Cut and Sew Apparel Contractors (pt) Except Contractors Men's and Boys' Cut And Sew Trouser, Slack, And Jean Manufacturers and Jobbers (pt) 2326@ Men's and Boys' Work Clothing Contractors Men's and Boys' Cut and Sew Apparel Contractors (pt) Except Contractors Men's and Boys' Cut and Sew Work Clothing Manufacturers and Jobbers 2329@ Men's and Boys' Clothing, NEC Contractors Men's and Boys' Cut and Sew Apparel Contractors (pt) Except Contractors Other Men's and Boys' Cut and Sew Outerwear Manufacturers and Jobbers (pt) Athletic Uniforms All Other Cut and Sew Apparel (pt) 2331@ Women's and Misses' Blouses and Shirts Contractors Women's and Girls' Cut and Sew Apparel Contractors (pt) Except Contractors Women's and Girls' Cut and Sew Blouse and Shirt Manufacturers and Jobbers (pt) 2335@ Women's, Junior's, and Misses' Dresses Contractors Women's and Girls' Cut and Sew Apparel Contractors (pt) Except Contractors Women's and Girls' Cut and Sew Dress Manufacturers and Jobbers (pt) 2337@ Women's and Misses' Suits and Coats Contractors Women's and Girls' Cut and Sew Apparel Contractors (pt) Except Contractors Women's and Girls' Cut and Sew Suit, Coat, Tailored Jacket, and Skirt Manufacturers and Jobbers (pt) 2339@ Women's and Misses' Outerwear, NEC Scarves Apparel Belt, Apparel Accessories and Other Apparel Manufacturing (pt) Contractors Women's and Girls' Cut and Sew Apparel Contractors (pt) Except Contractors Women's and Girls' Cut and Sew Outerwear Manufacturers and Jobbers (pt) Athletic Uniforms All Other Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturers and Jobbers (pt) 2341@ Women's Underwear Women and Girls' Contractors Women's and Girls' Cut and Sew Apparel contractors (pt) Boys' Contractors Men's and Boys' Cut and Sew Apparel Contractors (pt) Women's and Girls', Except Contractors Women's and Girls' Cut and Sew Lingerie, Loungewear, and Nightwear Manufacturers and Jobbers (pt) Boys' Except Contractors Infants' Men's and Boys' Cut and Sew Underwear and Nightwear Manufacturers and Jobbers (pt) Infants' Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturers and Jobbers (pt) 2342@ Bras, Girdles, and Allied Garments Contractors Women's and Girls' Cut and Sew Apparel Contractors (pt) Except contractors Women's and Girls' Cut and Sew Lingerie, Loungewear, and Nightwear Manufacturers and Jobbers (pt) 2353 Hats, Caps, and Millinery Hat, Cap, and Millinery Manufacturing 2361@ Girls' and Children's Dresses, Blouses Infants' Dresses, Blouses, and Shirts Infants' Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturers and Jobbers (pt) Boys' Shirts Men's and Boys' Cut and Sew Shirt, except Work Shirt Manufacturers and Jobbers (pt) Girls' Blouses and Shirts Women's and Girls' Cut and Sew Blouse and Shirt Manufacturers and Jobbers (pt) Girls' Dresses Women's and Girls' Cut and Sew Dress Manufacturers and Jobbers (pt) Girls' Contractors Women's and Girls' Cut and Sew Apparel Contractors (pt) 2369@ Girls' and Children's Outerwear, NEC Infants' Outerwear, NEC Infants' Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturers and Jobbers (pt) Boys' Suits and Coats Men's and Boys' Cut and Sew Suit, Coat, and Overcoat Manufacturers and Jobbers (pt) Boys' Trousers and Slacks Men's and Boys' Cut and Sew Trouser, Slack, and Jean Manufacturers and Jobbers (pt) Boys' Outerwear, NEC Other Men's and Boys' Cut and Sew Outerwear Manufacturers and Jobbers (pt) Boys' Robes Men's and Boys' Cut and Sew Underwear and Nightwear Manufacturers and Jobbers (pt) Boys' Contractors Men's and Boys' Cut and Sew Apparel Contractors (pt) Girls' Suits, Coats, Skirts, Etc. Women's and Girls' Cut and Sew Suit, Coat, Tailored Jacket, and Skirt Manufacturers and Jobbers (pt) Girls' Outerwear, NEC Women's and Girls' Cut and Sew Outerwear Manufacturers and Jobbers (pt) Girls' Robes Women's and Girls' Cut and Sew Lingerie, Loungewear, and Nightwear Manufacturers and Jobbers (pt) Girls' Contractors Women's and Girls' Cut and Sew Apparel Contractors (pt) 2371 Fur Goods Fur and Leather Apparel Manufacturing (pt) 2381@ Fabric Dress and Work Gloves Glove and Mitten Manufacturing (pt 2384@ Robes and Dressing Gowns Women's Except Contractors Women's and Girls' Cut and Sew Lingerie, Loungewear, and Nightwear Manufacturers and Jobbers (pt) Men's Except Contractors Men's and Boys' Cut and Sew Underwear and Nightwear Manufacturers and Jobbers (pt) Men's and Boys' Contractors Men's and Boys' Cut and Sew Apparel Contractors Women's and Girls' Contractors Women's and Girls' Cut and Sew Apparel Contractors 2385@ Waterproof Outerwear Raincoats (Men's and Boys') Men's and Boys' Cut and Sew Suit, Coat, and Overcoat Manufacturers and Jobbers (pt) Raincoats (Women's and Girls') Women's and Girls' Cut and Sew Suit, Coat, Tailored Jacket, and Skirt Manufacturers and Jobbers (pt) Other Men's and Boys' Outerwear Men's and Boys' Cut and Sew Outerwear Manufacturers and Jobbers Other Women's and Girls' Outerwear Women's and Girls' Cut and Sew Outerwear Manufacturers and Jobbers Infants' Waterproof Outerwear Except Contractors Infants' Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturers and Jobbers Aprons, Bibs, and Other Miscellaneous Waterproof Items Apparel Belt, Apparel Accessories, and Other Apparel Manufacturing (pt) Contractors (Men's and Boys') Men's and Boys' Cut and Sew Apparel Contractors (pt) Contractors (Women's and Girls') Women's and Girls' Cut and Sew Apparel Contractors (pt) 2386@ Leather and Sheep-Lined Clothing Fur and Leather Apparel Manufacturing (pt) 2387@ Apparel Belts Apparel Belt, Apparel Accessories, and Other Apparel Manufacturing (pt) 2389@ Apparel and Accessories, NEC Handkerchiefs, Arm bands, etc. Apparel Belt, Apparel Accessories, and Other Apparel Manufacturing (pt) Academic/Clerical Outerwear All Other Cut and Sew Outerwear Manufacturers and Jobbers (pt) Garters and Garter Belts Women's and Girls' Cut and Sew Lingerie, Loungewear, and Nightwear Manufacturers and Jobbers (pt) Women's Contractors Women's and Girls' Cut and Sew Apparel Contractors (pt) Men's Contractors Mens' and Boys' Cut and Sew Apparel Contractors (pt) 2391 Curtains and Draperies Curtain and Drapery Mills 2392@ Housefurnishings, NEC Blanket and Laundry Bags Textile Bag Mills (pt) Mops Broom and Brush Manufacturing (pt) Other Housefurnishings Other Household Textile Product Mills (pt) 2393@ Textile Bags Textile Bag Mills (pt) 2394 Canvas and Related Product Mills Canvas and Related Product Mills 2395@ Pleating and Stitching Pleating and Stitching, Except Apparel Contractors All Other Miscellaneous Textile Product Mills (pt) Apparel Contractors (Men's) Men's and Boys' Cut and Sew Apparel Contractors (pt) Apparel Contractors (Women's) Women's and Girls' Cut and Sew Apparel Contractors (pt) 2396@ Automotive and Apparel Trimmings Apparel Findings and Trimmings Motor Vehicle Fabric Accessory and Seat Manufacturing (pt) (Included in the Transportation Equipment Manufacturing subsector) Automotive Trimmings Motor Vehicle Fabric Accessory and Seat Manufacturing (pt) (Included in the Transportation Equipment Manufacturing subsector) Printing On Apparel Other Commercial Printing (Included in the Printing and Related Support Activities subsector) Other Trimmings and Findings All Other Miscellaneous Textile Product Mills (pt) 2397 Schiffli Machine Embroideries Schiffli Machine Embroideries 2399@ Fabricated Textile Products, NEC Aprons, Money Belts, and Diapers Apparel Belt, Apparel Accessories, and Other Apparel Manufacturing (pt) Seat Belts and Seat and Tire Covers Motor Vehicle Fabric Accessory and Seat Manufacturing (pt) (Included in the Transportation Equipment Manufacturing subsector) Other Fabricated Textile Products All Other Miscellaneous Textile Product Mills (pt) 3111 Leather Tanning and Finishing Leather and Hide Tanning and Finishing 3131@ Footwear Cut Stock Wood Heels All Other Miscellaneous Wood Product Manufacturing (Included in the Wood Product Manufacturing, except Furniture subsector) Metal Buckles Fastener, Button, Needle and Pin Manufacturing (Included in Miscellaneous Manufacturing subsector) (pt) Other Footwear Cut Stock Other Miscellaneous Leather and Allied Product Manufacturing (pt) 3142 House Slippers House Slipper Manufacturing 3143 Men's Footwear, Except Athletic Men's Footwear Manufacturing, Except Athletic 3144 Women's Footwear, Except Athletic Women's Footwear Manufacturing, Except Athletic 3149 Footwear, Except Rubber, NEC Other Footwear Manufacturing 3161 Luggage Luggage Manufacturing 3171 Women's Handbags and Purses Women's Handbag and Purse Manufacturing 3172@ Personal Leather Goods, NEC Other Miscellaneous Leather Good Manufacturing (pt) 3199@ Leather Goods, NEC Other Miscellaneous Leather Good Manufacturing (pt) Description of Changes to the U.S. System 1. Subsector Structure - Three industry subsectors replace 1987 Major Groups 22, Textile Mill Products and 23, Apparel and Other Textile Products. The Textile Mills subsector includes the activities of fiber and yarn preparation and finishing, fabric forming, and fabric finishing. It includes 1987 SIC Industry Groups 221, Broadwoven Fabric Mills, Cotton; 222, Broadwoven Fabric Mills, Manmade Fiber and Silk; 223, Broadwoven Fabric Mills, Wool; 224, Narrow Fabric Mills; 226, Textile Finishing, except Wool; and 228, Yarn and Thread Mills. It also includes 1987 SIC codes 2257, Weft Knit Fabric Mills; 2258, Lace and Warp Knit Fabric Mills; 2295, Coated Fabrics; 2297, Nonwoven Fabrics; and 2397, Schiffli Machine Embroideries. The Textile Product Mills subsector includes the activities of manufacturing finished textile products other than apparel. It includes 1987 SIC Industry Groups 227, Carpets and Rugs; 1987 SIC industries 2296, Tire Cord and Tire Fabric; 2298, Cordage and Twine; 2391, Curtains and Draperies; 2392, Housefurnishings, NEC; 2393, Textile Bags; 2394, Canvas and Related Products; and 2399, Fabricated Textile Products, NEC. The Apparel Manufacturing subsector includes the activities of manufacturing apparel. It includes the 1987 SIC Industry Groups 231, Men's and Boys' Suits and Coats; 232, Men's and Boys' Furnishings; 233, Women's and Misses' Outerwear; 234, Women's and Children's Undergarments; 235, Hats, Caps and Millinery; 236, Girls' and Children's Outerwear; 237, Fur Goods; and 238, Miscellaneous Apparel and Accessories. It also includes 1987 SIC industries 2251, Women's Hosiery, except Socks; 2252, Hosiery, NEC; 2253, Knit Outerwear Mills; and 2254, Knit Underwear Mills. This structure represents the flow of activities through the various textile and apparel industries. It was strongly supported by several segments of the industry and agreed to by both Canada and Mexico. The total number of industries for these subsectors is 44 and unchanged from 1987 to 1997. There are six new industries for these subsectors. For time series linkage, eleven of the 1987 industries are comparable within three percent of the 1997 industries. 2. Textile Mills - Two new industries were added to the 1997 national industry structure for this subsector. New industries were created for: Broadwoven Fabric Mills from 1987 SIC 2211, Broadwoven Fabric Mills, Cotton; 1987 SIC 2221, Broadwoven Fabric Mills, Manmade; part of 1987 SIC 2231, Broadwoven Fabric Mills, Wool; and part of 1987 SIC 2299, Textile Goods, NEC. These industries include establishments that weave yarn into fabric. In the past, the weaving industries were separated by type of yarn used, e.g., cotton, manmade, etc. and this resulted in substantial industry switching and classification problems. Broadwoven Fabric Finishing Mills from 1987 SIC 2261, Finishing Plants, Cotton; 1987 SIC 2262, Finishing Plants, Manmade; and part of 1987 SIC 2231, Broadwoven Fabric Mills, Wool. As with weaving above, these industries are made up of establishments that perform the same activity, finishing of textile fabric. Three activities were transferred into the 1997 Textile Mills subsector. Broadwoven converters were transferred from part of 1987 Wholesale Trade SIC 5131, Piece Goods and Notions, into part of NAICS industry Broadwoven Fabric Finishing. This entrepreneurial function is more closely related to manufacturing than wholesaling. Converters, except broadwoven were transferred from part of 1987 Wholesale Trade SIC 5131, Piece Goods and Notions, into the new industry Finishing, Except Broadwoven Fabric Finishing. This entrepreneurial function is more closely related to manufacturing than wholesaling. Rubberized fabric was transferred from part of 1987 SIC 3069, Fabricated Rubber Products, NEC, into Fabric Coating Mills because coating fabric is the same activity regardless of the material used. Five activities included in this 1997 subsector were transferred from one industry to another within the Textile Mills subsector. Yarn of hard fiber was transferred from part of 1987 SIC 2299, Textile Goods, NEC, into Yarn Spinning Mills because there is no difference in the spinning activity. Thread of hard fiber was transferred from part of 1987 SIC 2299, Textile Goods, NEC, into Thread Mills because the production of thread does not vary by type of fiber. Broadwoven fabric of hard fiber was transferred from part of 1987 SIC 2299, Textile Goods, NEC, into Broadwoven Fabric Mills because there is no difference in the weaving activity. Narrow fabric of hard fiber was transferred from part of 1987 SIC 2299, Textile Goods, NEC, into Narrow Fabric Mills because of the same reason shown above. Felt transferred from part of 1987 SIC 2299, Textile Goods, NEC, into Nonwoven Fabric Mills because it is one of several ways to manufacture nonwoven fabric. The number of textile mills industries for 1997 is 12. For time series linkage, only one of the 1987 industries is comparable within three percent of 1997 industries. 3. Textile Product Mills - There were no new industries created for this subsector. One activity transferred out of this subsector. Mops were transferred from part of 1987 SIC 2392, House Furnishings, NEC, into Broom and Brush Manufacturing in the Miscellaneous Manufacturing subsector to achieve international comparability. One activity included in the 1997 Textile Product Mills subsector was transferred between industries. Knit gloves and girdles were transferred from part of 1987 SIC 2259, Knitting Mills, NEC, into All Other Miscellaneous Textile Product Mills as a function of a textile product mill rather than a basic textile mill. There are eight industries in the 1997 Textile Product Mills subsector. For time series linkage, six of the 1987 industries are comparable within three percent of the 1997 industries. 4. Apparel Manufacturing - Four new industries were created for this 1997 industry subsector. Men's and Boys' Cut and Sew Apparel Contractors from parts of the 1987 Men's and Boys', Children's and Miscellaneous Apparel industries. This industry was created because the production function of contractors is so different than that of manufacturers and jobbers. Women's and Girls' Cut and Sew Apparel Contractors from parts of the 1987 Women's, Girls', Children's, and Miscellaneous Apparel industries. This industry was created because the production function of contractors is so different than that of manufacturers and jobbers. Fur and leather clothing from the 1987 SIC 2386, Leather and Sheep Lined Clothing, and fur apparel from part of 1987 SIC 2371, Fur Goods. Both of these industries are very small and somewhat similar in function. Apparel Belt, Accessories and Other Apparel Manufacturing from 1987 SIC 2387, Apparel Belts; 1987 SIC 2396, Automotive and Apparel Trimmings; and 1987 SIC 2399, Fabricated Textile Products, NEC. This is essentially a new all other category that was created from pieces left from several industries. Three activities were transferred from 1987 Major Group, Apparel and Other Textile Products. Seat belts and seat and tire covers were transferred from part of 1987 SIC 2399, Fabricated Textile Products, NEC, into Motor Vehicle Fabric Accessory and Seat Manufacturing in the Transportation Equipment Manufacturing subsector to achieve international comparability. Canada and Mexico already have these activities associated with motor vehicle manufacturing. Automotive trimmings were transferred from part of 1987 SIC 2396, Automotive and Apparel Trimmings, into Motor Vehicle Fabric Accessory and Seat Manufacturing in the Transportation Equipment Manufacturing subsector to achieve international comparability. Canada and Mexico already have these activities associated with motor vehicle manufacturing. Printing on apparel was transferred from part of 1987 SIC 2396, Automotive and Apparel Trimming, into Other Commercial Printing in the Printing and Related Support Activities subsector to be shown later. This was done to achieve international comparability. Mexico's establishments do printing without regard to the material. One activity was transferred into this subsector. Leather gloves and mittens were transferred from 1987 Major Group 31, Leather and Leather Products, into Glove and Mitten Manufacturing to achieve international comparability. Canada cannot separate the production of leather gloves and mittens from fabric gloves and mittens because the leather activity is too small. Also there were a large number of activities that transferred to other industries within the textiles and apparel subsectors. Some of the more significant of these are: Little boys' apparel was transferred from parts of 1987 SIC codes 2341, Women's and Children's Underwear; 2361, Girls' and Children's Dresses, Blouses, and Shirts; and 2369, Girls' and Children's Outerwear, NEC, to parts of various industries for men's and boys' apparel because of the overlap with manufacturers of men's and boys' clothing. Cut and sew contractors were transferred from each of the 1987 SIC codes for outerwear and underwear into the two new industries for contractors. This industry was created because the production function of contractors is so different than that of manufacturers and jobbers. There are 24 industries included in Apparel Manufacturing. For time series comparability, four 1987 industries are comparable within three percent of 1997. 5. Leather and Allied Product Manufacturing - Three activities were transferred out of the subsector. Wood heels were transferred from part of 1987 SIC 3131, Footwear Cut Stock, into All Other Miscellaneous Wood Product Manufacturing to be published separately to achieve international comparability. Canada and Mexico had these classified elsewhere. Metal buckles were transferred from part of the 1987 SIC 3131, Footwear Cut Stock, into Fastener, Button, Needle, and Pin Manufacturing in the Miscellaneous Manufacturing subsector to be published separately, to achieve international comparability. Canada and Mexico had these classified elsewhere. Leather gloves and mittens were transferred into Glove and Mitten Manufacturing for international comparability. Two activities were transferred into NAICS Leather and Allied Product Manufacturing. Fur dressing and finishing was transferred from part of 1987 SIC 3999 Manufacturing Industries, NEC, into Leather and Hide Tanning and Finishing to achieve international comparability. The U.S. changed in order to agree with Canada and Mexico. Rubber and plastic footwear was transferred from the 1987 Major Group 30, Rubber and Miscellaneous Plastics Products, into this subsector to achieve international comparability. Canada and Mexico do not distinguish footwear manufacturing based on material. Also, there were several activities that transferred within the leather and allied product manufacturing industries. The number of leather and allied product manufacturing industries decreased from 11 in 1987 to 7 in 1997. For time series linkage, 7 of the 11 1987 industries are comparable within three percent of the 1997 industries.