Abbott, I.A. and G.J. Hollenberg. 1976. Marine
algae of California. Stanford University Press,
Stanford, CA.
Anderson, B.S.; Hunt, J.W.; Turpen, S.L.;
Coulon, A.R.; Martin, M. 1990. Copper toxicity to
microscopic stages of giant kelp Macrocystis
pyrifera: interpopulation comparisons and temporal
variability. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 68:
147-156.
Andrews, H.L. 1945. The kelp beds of the
Monterey region. Ecology, 26: 24-37.
Baldridge, A. 1972. Killer whales attack and eat
a gray whale. Journal of Mammalogy, 53:
898-900.
Barilotti, D.C.; McPeak, R.H.; Dayton, P.K.
1985. Experimental studies on the effects of
commercial kelp harvesting in central and southern
California Macrocystis pyrifera kelp beds.
California Fish and Game, 71: 4-20.
Beardsley, R.C.; Dorman, C.E.; Friehe, C.A.;
Rosenfeld, L.K.; Winant, C.D. 1987. Local
Atmospheric Forcing During the Coastal Ocean
Dynamics Experiment: A Description of the Marine
Boundary Layer. Journal of Geophysical Research,
92: 1467-1488.
Bodkin, J.L.; Vanblaricom, G.R.; Jameson, R.J.
1987. Mortalities of kelp forest fishes associated
with large oceanic waves off Central California,
USA, 1982-1983. Environmental Biology of Fishes,
18: 73-76.
Bodkin, J. 1988. Effects of kelp forest removal
on associated fish assemblages in central
California. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology
and Ecology, 117: 227-238.
Bolin, R.L.; Abbott, D.P. 1963. Studies on the
marine climate and phytoplankton of the coast of
California 1954-1960. California Cooperative
Oceanic Fisheries Investigations Report, 9:
23-45.
Bolin, R.L.; Others. 1964. Prepared under Office
of Naval Research contract N6onr-25127, National
Science Foundation Contracts NSFG 911, NSFG 1780 -
Hopkins Marine Station.
Bonnot, P. 1931. California Seaweeds. California
Fish and Game, 17(1): 40-44.
Breaker, L.C.; Broenkow, W.W.. 1989. 89-1; The
circulation of Monterey Bay and related
processes.
Breaker, Laurence C.; Broenkow, William W. 1994.
The circulation of Monterey Bay and related
processes. Oceanography and Marine Biology: an
Annual Review - 32 (MLML Reprint): Jan-64.
Breda, V.A.; Foster, M.S. 1985. Composition,
abundance, and phenology of foliose red algae
associated with two central California kelp
forests. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and
Ecology, 94: 115-130.
Bridger, A.F.C.; Brick, W.C.; Lester, P.F. 1993.
The structure of the marine inversion layer off the
Central California coast: mesoscale conditions.
Mon. Wea. Rev., 121: 335-351.
Broenkow, W.W.; McKain, S.J.1972 Tidal
oscillations at the head of Monterey Submarine
Canyon and their relation to oceanographic
sampling.
Broenkow, W.W.; Smethie, W.M., Jr. 1978. Surface
circulation and replacement of water in Monterey
Bay. Est. Coast. Shelf Sci., 6: 583-603.
Broenkow, W.W. 1996. Water Masses and
Hydrography. MBNMS Site Characterization. http://montereybay.nos.noaa.gov/sitechar/welcome.html
Brost, R.A.; Lenschow, D.H.; Wyngaard, J.C.
1982. Marine stratocumulus layers: mean conditions.
Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 39: 800-817.
California Marine Currents. 1999. A newsletter
for staff and colleaques of the Marine Region of
the California Department of Fish and Game, Vol. 1,
No. 2 and 3.
Clark, R.P.; Edwards, M.S.; Foster, M.S. (in
prep). The Effects of Shade from Multiple Kelp
Canopies on Understory Algal Composition. Moss
Landing Marine Laboratories, California State
University, P.O. Box 450, Moss Landing, CA
95039.
Chinburg, S. J.; Lasley, S. R. 1977. California
Cooperative Oceanographic Fisheries Investigations
Hydrographic Data Report, Monterey Bay. Moss
Landing Marine Laboratories, 78-1.
Coale, K.; Colbert, D.; Kingsley, E.; Zamzow, H.
1996. Water Column Characteristics and Processes:
Nutrients. MBNMS Site Characterization. http://montereybay.nos.noaa.gov/sitechar/welcome.html
Costa, D.P. 1978. The ecological energetics,
water and electrolyte balance of the California sea
otter, Enhydra lutris. 75 pp. University of
California, Santa Cruz, CA.
Cole, R.G. 1994. Abundance, size structure, and
diver-oriented behavior of three large benthic
carnivorous fishes in a marine reserve in
Northeastern New Zealand. Biological Conservation,
70: 93-99.
Collins, Robson. Nearshore Ecosystem
Coordinator. California Department of Fish and
Game, Marine Resources Division, 20 Lower Ragsdale
Road, Suite 100, Monterey, CA 93940
Cox, K.W. 1962. California Abalones, Family
Haliotidae. California Department of Fish and Game,
Fish Bulletin, 118: 1-133.
Curland, J.M. 1997. Effects of Disturbance on
Sea Otters (Enhydra lutris) near Monterey,
California. Master's Thesis, Moss Landing Marine
Laboratories, Moss Landing, CA.
Darwin, Charles. 1860. The voyage of the Beagle.
Reprinted in 1962 by Anchor Books, Doubleday and
Co., Inc., Garden City, New York.
Davis, J.; Baldridge, A. 1980. The Bird Year.
Pacific Grove, CA, Boxwood Press.
Dayton, P.K.; Tegner, M.J. 1984. Catastrophic
storms, El Niño, and patch stability in a
southern California kelp community. Science, 224:
283-285.
Dayton, P.K.; Currie V.; Gerrodette, T.; Keller,
B.D.; Rosenthal, R.: Ven Tresca, D. 1984. Patch
dynamics and stability of some California kelp
communities. Ecological Monographs, 54:253-259.
Dayton, P.K.; Tegner, M.J.; Parnell, P.E.;
Edwards, P.B. 1992. Temporal and spatial patterns
of disturbance and recovery in a kelp forest
community. Ecological Monographs, 62: 421-445.
Dearn, S.L. 1987. The fauna of subtidal
articulated coralline mats: composition, dynamics,
and effects of spatial heterogeneity. 51 pp. Calif.
State Univ., Stanislaus.
Devinny, J.S.; Kirkwood, P.D. 1974. Algae
associated with kelp beds of the Monterey
Peninsula, California. Botanica Marina, 17:
100-106.
Devinny, J. S.; Volse, L. A. 1978. Effects of
sediments on the developement of Macrocysites
pyrifera gametophytes. Marine Biology, 48:
343-349.
Deysher, L.E.; Dean, T.A. 1986. In situ
recruitment of sporophytes of the giant kelp,
Macrocystis pyrifera (L.) C.A. Agardh:
effects of physical factors. Journal of
Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 103:
41-43.
DFG, California Department of Fish and Game.
November 1995. Environmental Document - Giant and
Bull Kelp, Commercial and Sportfishing Regulations.
State Clearinghouse number 94-05-1052.
Donnellan, M. D. and Foster, M.S 1999. The
effects of small-scale kelp harvesting on
giant-kelp surface canopy dynamics in the Ed
Ricketts Underwater Park - Final Report to the
Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary and the
Cities of Monterey and Pacific Grove. March 17,
1999. Coastal Solutions Group.
Dorman, C.E.; Enriquez, A.G.; Friehe, C.A. 1994.
Structure of the lower atmosphere over the Northern
California coast during winter. Monthly Weather
Review, 123: 2384-2404.
Dorman, C.E.; Winant, C.W. 1995. Buoy
observations of the atmosphere. Journal of
Geophysical Research, 100: 6029-16044.
Dornbusch & Co. 1994. A review of existing
information on recreational boating activity and
its potential impacts on the resources of the
MBNMS. Report prepared for NOAA, Sanctuaries and
Reserves Division.
Douros Memo. 1999. Outcome of June 3-4 Retreat.
This memo, dated June 29, 1999, from William Douros
to the MBNMS Advisory Council Members outlined the
commitments made by staff and SAC members to more
effectively manage issues over the course of the
following year.
Ebeling, A.W.; Laur, D.R. and R.J. Rowley. 1985.
Severe storm reversals of community structure in a
southern California kelp forest. Marine Biology,
84:287-294.
Ebert, David, Ph.D. Vice-President. U.S.
Abalone. P.O. Box 254, Davenport, CA 95017
Edwards, M.; Foster, M. 1996. Kelp Forest
Distribution and Ecology. MBNMS Site
Characterization. http://montereybay.nos.noaa.gov/sitechar/welcome.html
Edwards, Matt. Ph.D. Candidate. Biology
Department, University of California at Santa Cruz,
Santa Cruz, CA 95064.
Elliot, D.L.; O'Brien, J.J. 1977. Observational
studies of the marine boundary layer over an
upwelling region. Monthly Weather Review, 105:
86-98.
Estes, J.A.; Palmisano, J.F. 1974. Sea otters:
their role in structuring nearshore communities.
Science, 185: 1058-1060.
Estes, J.A.; Underwood, K.E.; Karmann, M.J.
1986. Activity-time budgets of Sea Otters in
California. Journal of Wildlife Management, 50:
626-636.
Estes, J. A.; Dugguns, D. O. 1995. Sea otter and
kelp forests in Alsaka: generality and variation in
a community ecological paradigm. Ecological
Monographs, 65: 75-100.
Foster, M.S. 1982a. The regulation of macroalgal
associations in kelp forests. Synthetic and
Degradative Processes in Marine Macrophytes,
185-205. Walter de Gruyter & Co., Berlin/New
York, Monterey Bay Area.
Foster, M.S. 1982b. Factors controlling the
intertidal zonation of Iridaea flaccida
(Rhodophyta). Journal of Phycolology., 18:
285-294.
Foster, Michael S.; Carter, John W.; Schiel,
David R. 1983. The ecology of kelp communities.
Symposium on the Effects of Waste Disposal on Kelp
Communities, La Jolla, CA. Conference
Proceedings.
Foster, M.S.; Schiel, D.R. 1985. 85; The ecology
of giant kelp forests in California: A community
profile. -. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Biological Report, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service,
Wash., D.C.
Foster, M.S.; Schiel, D.R. 1988. Kelp
communities and sea otters: keystone species or
just another brick in the wall?; In: The community
ecology of sea otters. pages 92-115. Springer
Verlag. Eds.: VanBlaricom, G.R.; Estes, J.A.
Foster, M.S. 1990. Organization of macroalgal
assemblages in the Northeast Pacific: the
assumption of homogeneity and the illusion of
genera. Hydrobiologia, 192: 21-33.
Frey, H.W. 1971. California's Living Marine
Resources and Their Utilization. - 148. State of
California, The Resources Agency, Department of
Fish and Game.
Fulton, C.; Saunders, R. 1985. Boarding Party.
The Otter Raft &endash; Winter, 1985/1986, p.
7.
Gaines, S.D.; Roughgarden, J. 1988. Fish in
offshore kelp forest affect recruitment to
intertidal barnacle populations. Science, 235:
479-481.
Glantz, Dale. Manager. Marine Resources and
Systems. ISP Alginates, ISP Alginates, Inc. 2145
East Belt Street, San Diego, CA 92113-2123
Graham, M. H. 1997. Factors determining the
upper limit of giant kelp, Macrocystis
pyrifera, along the Monterey Peninsula, central
California. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology
and Ecology, 218:127-149.
Greene, G. 1996. Geology. MBNMS Site
Characterization.
http://montereybay.nos.noaa.gov/sitechar/welcome.html
Griffith, John. August, 1998. Going Ballistic:
Part shardy, part straight, business is booming, or
is is just blowing up. Pacific Fishing. Salmon Bay
Communications.
Halliwell, G.R; Allen, J.S. 1987. The
large-scale coastal wind field along the west coast
of North America, 1981-1982. Journal of Geophysical
Research, 92: 1861-1884.
Harrold, C.; Watanabe, J.; Lisin, S. 1988.
Spatial variation in the structure of kelp forest
communities along a wave exposure gradient. Marine
Ecology, 9: 131-156.
Harrold, C.; Lisin S. 1989. Radio-tracking rafts
of giant kelp: local production and regional
transport. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology
and Ecology, 130: 237-251.
Harrold, C.; Light, K.; Lisin, S. 1998. Organic
enrichment of submarine communities by macroalgal
drift imported from nearshore kelp forests.
Limnology and Oceanography, 43: 669-678.
Harrold, Chris, Ph.D. Director of Conservation
Research, Monterey Bay Aquarium, Monterey, CA
93940
Haugen, C.W.. 1992. California's living marine
resources and their utilization. - UCSGEP-92-12.
California Sea Grant, Sea Grant Extension
Publication.
Hawkins, J.P. and Roberts, C.M. 1992. Effects of
recreational SCUBA diving on fore-reef slope
communities of coral reefs. Biological
Conservation, 62: 171-178.
Hawkins, J.P. and Roberts, C.M. 1993. Effects of
recreational scuba diving on coral reefs: trampling
on reef-flat communities. Journal of Applied
Ecology, 30: 25-30.
Hunt, D.E. 1977. Population dynamics of Tegula
and Colliostoma in Carmel Bay, with special
reference to kelp harvesting. Master's Thesis, Moss
Landing Marine Laboratories. 81 pp.
Ish, Teresa; Reisewitz, Shauna. 1999. By-catch
associated with small scale kelp harvesting.
Unpublished student paper. University of California
at Santa Cruz.
Jannasch, H. W.; Johnson, K. S.; Sakamoto, C. M.
1994. Submersible osmotically pumped colorimetric
analyzers for the continuous determination of
nitrate in situ. Analytical Chemistry, 66:
3352-3361
Karpov, K.; Albin, D.; Buskirk, W. 1995. The
marine recreational fishery in northern and central
California. DFG, Marine Resources Division. Fish
Bulletin, No. 176.
Kenner, M.C. 1992. Population dynamics of the
sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus in
a Central California kelp forest: recruitment,
mortality, growth, and diet. Marine Biology, 112:
107-118.
Kimura R.S.; Foster M.S. 1984. The effects of
harvesting Macrocystis pyrifera on the algal
assemblage in a giant kelp forest. Hydrobiolgia,
116/117: 425-428.
King, Aaron. Marine Scientist. Monterey Bay
National Marine Sanctuary. 299 Foam Street,
Monterey, CA 93940
Knight, Michele. 1997. A political culture of
conservation: Citizen action and marine
conservation in the Monterey Bay. Ph.D. Thesis.
University of California at Santa Cruz.
Lea, Robert. Ph.D. Marine Biologist. California
Department of Fish and Game, Marine Resources
Division, 20 Lower Ragsdale Road, Suite 100,
Monterey, CA 93940
Leipper, D.F. 1994. Fog on the U.S. West Coast:
a review. Bulletin of the American Meteorological
Society, 75: 229-240.
Leonard, G. H. 1994. Effect of the bat star
Asterina miniata (Brandt) on recruitment
ofthe giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera C. Agardh.
Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,
179: 81-98.
Lester, P.F. 1985. Studies of the marine
inversion over the San Francisco Bay Area: A
summary of the work of Albert Miller, 1961-1978.
Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society,
66: 1396-1402.
Lynn, R.J. 1967. Season variation of temperature
and salinity at 10 meters in the California
Current;. California Cooperative Oceanic Fishishies
Investigations Reports, 11: 157-186.
Mass, C.F.; Bond, N.A. 1996. Coastally-trapped
southerly transitions along the U.S. West Coast
during the warm season. Part II: Synoptic
Evolution. Monthly Weather Review, 123.
MBNMS Site Characterization. 1996. http://montereybay.nos.noaa.gov/sitechar/welcome.html
McLean, J.H. 1962. Sublittoral ecology of kelp
beds of the open coast area near Carmel,
California. Biological Bulletin, 122: 95-114.
Meyer Resources. 1990. Economic values of the
central California coast - Prepared for Central
Coast OCS Regional Studies Program.
Miller, K.A.; Estes, J.A. 1989. Western range
extension for Nereocystis luetkeana in the
north Pacific Ocean. Botanica Marina, 32:
535-538.
Miller, D.J.; Geibel, J.J. 1973. Summary of blue
rockfish and lingcod lifehistories; a reef ecology
study; and giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera,
experiments in Monterey Bay, California. California
Department of Fish and Game Fish Bulletin, 158:
1-138.
Minerals Management Services (MMS). 1990.
California, Oregon, and Washington Archeological
Resource Study, Vol. I-IV, U.S. Department of the
Interior.
Neiburger, M.; Johnson, D.S.; Chien, C.W. 1961.
Studies of the structure of the atmosphere over the
eastern North Pacific Ocean. I. The inversion over
the eastern North. Univ. of Calif. Pubs. in Meteor.
Univ. of Calif. Press.
Nelson, C.S. 1977. Wind stress and wind stress
curl over the California Current. National Marine
Fisheries Service.
Nerini, M.; Jones, M.L. Swartz, S.L.
Leatherwood, S. 1984. A review of gray whale
feeding ecology; The Gray Whale, Eschrichtius
robustus. - Academic Press, Inc., San Diego,
CA.
NOAA, National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration. 1992a. Monterey Bay National Marine
Sanctuary Final Environmental Impact
Statement/Management Plan. Prepared by Sanctuaries
and Reserves Division, Office of Ocean and Coastal
Resources Management, NOAA Washington, D.C.
NOAA, Department of Commerce. 1992b. Monterey
Bay National Marine Sanctuary regulations; final
rule. Federal Register, 57: 43309-43330.
North, W.J. 1971, Introduction and Background.
The Biology of Giant kelp beds (Macrocystis)
in California. Nova Hedwigia, 32:123-168.
North, W.J. 1968. Concluding Discussion. In:
North, W.J.: Hubbs, C.L. (eds). 1968 Utilization of
kelp bed resources in southern California.
California Department of Fish and Game Fish
Bulletin, 139
Nuss, W. 1996. General Meteorological
Conditions. MBNMS Site Characterization. http://montereybay.nos.noaa.gov/sitechar/welcome.html
Oakden, J. 1996. Sandy Beaches. MBNMS Site
Characterization. http://montereybay.nos.noaa.gov/sitechar/welcome.html
Ostfield, R.S. 1982. Foraging strategies and
prey switching in the California sea otter.
Oecologia, 53:170-178.
Paine, R.T. 1969. A note on trophic complexity
and community stability. American Naturalist, 103:
91-93.
Pearse, J.S.; Hines, A.H. 1979. Expansion of a
Central California kelp forest following mass
mortality of sea urchins. Marine Biology, 51:
83-91.
Quast, J.C. 1968. The effects of kelp harvesting
on the fishes of the kelp beds. In: North, W.J.:
Hubbs, C.L. (eds). Utilization of kelp bed
resources in southern California. California
Department of Fish and Game Fish Bulletin, 139.
Reed, D.C.; Foster, M.S. 1984. The effects of
canopy shading on algal recruitment and growth in a
giant kelp forest. Ecology, 65: 937-948.
Renard, R.J. 1995. Monterey Peninsula Weather
averages, National Weather Service Climate Station.
Available from Naval Postgraduate School.
Renard, R.J. 1996. Monterey Peninsula Weather
averages, National Weather Service Climate Station.
Available from Naval Postgraduate School.
Riedman, M.L. and J.A. Estes. 1990. The sea
otter (Enhydra lutris): Behavior, ecology,
and natural history. U.S. Department of Fish and
Wildlife Service, Biological Report, 90(14): 126
pp.
Rosenthal, R.J.; Clarke, W.D.; Dayton, P.K.
1974. Ecology and natural history of a stand of
giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera, off Del
Mar, California. Fishery Bulletin, 72: 670-684.
Rouphael, A.B. and Inglis, G.J. 1997. Impacts of
recreational SCUBA diving at sites with different
reef topographies. Biological Conservation, 82:
329-336.
Schaefer, T.M.; Foster, M.S. 1998. Diver
disturbance in kelp forests: Final Report to the
Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary. Coastal
Solutions Group.
Schrock, Cass. Co-Owner. Monterey Bay Kayaks.
693 Del Monte Avenue, Monterey, CA 93940
Scofield, W.L. 1959. History of kelp harvesting
in California. California Fish and Game, 45:
135-157.
Shea, R.E.; Broenkow, W.W. 1982. The role of
internal tides in the nutrient enrichment of
Monterey Bay, California. Est. Coast. Shelf Sci.,
15(1): 57-66.
Silberstein, Mark. Executive Director. Elkhorn
Slough Foundation. P.O. Box 267, Moss Landing, CA.
95039
Simon, R.L. 1977. The summertime stratus over
the offshore waters of California. Monthly Weather
Review, 105: 1310-1314.
Smethie, W.M., Jr. 1973. Some aspects of the
temperature, oxygen and nutrient distributions in
Monterey Bay, California. M.A. Thesis, Calif.
State, 97 pp.
Skogsberg, T.; Phelps, A. 1946. Hydrography of
Monterey Bay, California. Thermal conditions, Part
II. 1934-1937. Proceedings of the American
Philosophical Society, 90: 350-386.
Spratt, Jerry. Biologist. California Department
of Fish and Game, Marine Resources Division, 20
Lower Ragsdale Road, Suite 100, Monterey, CA
93940
State Resources Agency. 1995. California's ocean
resources: an agenda for the future. California
Ocean Resources Management Program.
Sverdrup, H.U.; Johnson, M.W.; Fleming., R.H.
1942. The Oceans, their physics, chemistry and
general biology. 1060 pp. Prentice Hall, Inc. N.J.,
New Jersey.
Tarpley, J.A. 1992. The effects of herbivorous
gastropod species and densities on early algal
succession in the high intertidal zone. M.S.
Thesis, Moss Landing Marine Laboratories.
Terrell, Bruce G., 1995, Fathoming Our Past:
Historical Contexts of the National Marine
Sanctuaries, Published by the Mariner's Museum and
NOAA.
Toberman, Harrold. Owner. Aquarius Dive Shop.
2240 Del Monte Ave., Monterey, CA 93940
Van Wagenen, R.F. February 28, 2000. California
coastal kelp resources, Monterey Bay National
Marine Sanctuary, Summer, 1999. Final Report to the
MBNMS.
Watanabe, J.M. 1984. Food preference, food
quality and diets of three herbivorous gastropods
(Trochidae: Tegula) in a temperate kelp
forest. Oecologia, 62: 47-52.
Watanabe, J.M.; Harrold, C. 1991. Destructive
grazing by sea urchins Strongylocentrotus
spp. in a central California kelp forest:
potential roles of recruitment, depth, and
predation. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 71:
125-141.
Weinstein, Anna. 1996. Socioeconomic Uses. MBNMS
Site Characterization. http://montereybay.nos.noaa.gov/sitechar/welcome.html
Wickham, J.B. 1975. Observations of the
California countercurrent. Journal of Marine
Research. 33: 325-340.
Wilson, K. 1982. The kelp forests of Palos
Verdes Peninsula 1982. In: Southern California
Coastal Water Research Project Biennial Report,
1981-1982. Ed: Bascom, W.
Winant, C.D.; Beardsley, R.C.; Davis, R.E. 1987.
Moored wind, temperature and current observations
made during coastal ocean dynamics experiments 1
and 2 over the Norther. Journal of Geophysical
Research, 92: 1569-1604.
Zar, Jerrold H. Biostatistical Analysis. 4th
Edition, Prentice Hall, Inc.
Zimmerman, R. C.; Robertson D. L. 1985. Effects
of El Niño on local hydrography and growth
of the giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera, at Santa
Catalina Island, California. Limnology and
Oceanography, 30: 1298-1302.
|