Women Exposed to DES Before Birth (in the Womb), Known as DES Daughters

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Consumers Home > Additional DES Resources > DES Bibliography > Women Exposed to DES Before Birth (in the Womb), Known as DES Daughters

Women Exposed to DES Before Birth (in the Womb), Known as DES Daughters

DES Bibliography

	Overview

	History

	Women Prescribed DES While Pregnant

	Women Exposed to DES Before Birth (in the Womb), Known as DES Daughters

	Men Exposed to DES Before Birth (in the Womb), Known as DES Sons

	Third Generation (Offspring of DES Daughters or Sons)

	Immunology

	Psychology

	Reviews

	General

Structural/Functional Abnormailities

Adam E, Decker DG, Herbst AL, Noller KL, Tilley BC, Townsend DE. Vaginal and cervical cancers and other abnormalities associated with exposure in utero to diethylstilbestrol and related synthetic hormones. Cancer Res 1977 April;37(4):1249-51.

Antonioli DA, Burke L, Friedman EA. Natural history of diethylstilbestrol-associated genital tract lesions: cervical extopy and cervicovaginal hood. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1980;137(7):847-53.

Assies J. Hyperprolactinaemia in diethylstilbestrol-exposed women [letter]. Lancet 1991;337:983.

Barnes AB. Menstrual history and fecundity of women exposed and unexposed in utero to diethylstilbestrol. J Reprod Med 1984;29:651-5.

Barnes AB, Fish C, Gundersen JH, et al. Vaginal and cervical changes in DES-exposed women. Resident Staff Phys 1981;12:112-3.

Ben-Baruch G, Menczer J, Mashiach S, Serr DM. Uterine anomalies in diethylstilbestrol-exposed women with fertility disorders. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1981;60(4):395-7.

Bibbo M, Gill WB, Azizi F, Blough R, Fang VS, Rosenfield RL, et al. Follow-up study of male and female offspring of DES-exposed mothers. Obstet Gynecol 1977;49(1):1-7.

Burke L, Antonioli D, Friedman EA. Evolution of diethylstilbestrol-associated genital tract lesions. Obstet Gynecol 1981;57(1):79-84.

DeCherney AH, Cholst I, Naftolin F. Structure and function of the fallopian tubes following exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES) during gestation. Fertil Steril 1981;36(6):741-5.

Haney AF, Hammond CB, Soules MR, Creasman WT. Diethylstilbestrol-induced upper genital tract abnormalities. Fertil Steril 1979;31:142-6.

Herbst AL, Hubby MM, Anderson D. Neoplastic changes in the human female genital tract following intrauterine exposure to diethylstilbestrol. Progr Cancer Res Therapy 1984;31:389-99.

Herbst AL, Poskanzer DC, Robboy SJ, Friedlander L, Scully RE. Prenatal exposure to stilbestrol: a prospective comparison of exposed female offspring with unexposed controls. N Engl J Med 1975;292:334-9.

Hornsby P, Wilcox A. Onset of menopause in women exposed to diethylstilbestrol in utero [abstract]. Am J Epidemiol 1991;134(7):770.

Jefferies JA, Robboy SJ, O'Brien PC, Bergstralh EJ, Labarthe DR, Barnes AB, et al. Structural anomalies of the cervix and vagina in women enrolled in the Diethylstilbestrol Adenosis (DESAD) Project. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1984;148:59-66.

Kaufman RH, Adam E. Genital tract anomalies associated with in utero exposure to diethylstilbestrol. Isr J Med 1978;14(3):353-62.

Kaufman RH, Binder GL, Gray PM, Adam E. Upper genital tract changes associated with exposure in utero to diethylstilbestrol. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1977;128(1):51-9.

Kaufman RH, Adam E, Binder GL, Gerthoffer E. Upper genital tract changes and pregnancy outcome in offspring exposed in utero to diethylstilbestrol. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1980;137(3):299-308.

Kaufman RH, Adam E, Grey MP, Gerthoffer E. Urinary tract changes associated with exposure in utero to diethylstilbestrol. Obstet Gynecol 1980;56(3):330-2.

Kaufman RH. Structural changes of the genital tract associated with in utero exposure to diethylstilbestrol. Obstet Gynecol Annu 1982;11:187-202.

Labarthe D, Adam E, Noller KL, O'Brient PC, Robboy SJ, Tilley BC, et al. Design and preliminary observations in the National Cooperative Diethylstilbestrol Adenosis (DESAD) Project. Obstet Gynecol 1978;51:453.

Noller KL, Townsend DE, Kaufman RH, Barnes AB, Robboy SJ, Fish CR, et al. Maturation of vaginal and cervical epithelium in women exposed in utero to diethylstilbestrol (DESAD Project). Am J Obstet Gynecol 1983;146(3):279-85.

Noller KL, Townsend D, Kaufman RH. Genital findings colposcopic evaluation, and current management of the diethylstilbestrol-exposed female. In: Herbst AL, Bern HA, editors. Developmental effects of diethylstilbestrol (DES) in pregnancy. New York: Thieme-Stratton, Inc.; 1981. Chapter 7.

O'Brien PC, Noller KL, Robboy SJ, Barnes AB, Kaufman RH, Tilley BC, et al. Vaginal epithelial changes in young women enrolled in the National Cooperative Adenosis (DES) Project. Obstet Gynecol 1979;53:300-8.

Peress MR, Tsai CC, Mathur RS, Williamson HO. Hirsutism and menstrual patterns in women exposed to diethylstilbestrol in utero. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1982;144(2):135-40.

Rennell CL. T-shape uterus in diethylstilbestrol (DES) exposure. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1979;132(6):979.

Robboy SJ, Noller KL, O'Brien P, Kaufman RH, Townsend D, Barnes AB, et al. Increased incidence of cervical and vaginal dysplasia in 3,980 diethylstilbestrol-exposed young women: experience of the National Collaborative Diethylstilbestrol Adenosis Project. JAMA 1984;252:2979-83.

Robboy SJ, Kaufman RH, Prat J, Welch WR, Gaffey T, Scully RE, et al. Pathologic findings in young women enrolled in the National Cooperative Diethylstilbestrol Adenosis (DESAD) Project. Obstet Gynecol 1979;53:309-17.

Robboy SJ, Taguchi O, Cunha GR. Normal development of the human female reproductive tract and alterations resulting from experimental exposure to diethylstilbestrol. Hum Pathol 1982;13(3):190-8.

Schmidt G, Fowler WC Jr. Cervical stenosis following minor gynecologic procedures on DES-exposed women. Obstet Gynecol 1980;56(3):333-5.

Scully RE, Welch WR. Pathology of the female genital tract after prenatal exposure to diethylstilbestrol. In: Herbst AL, Burn HA, editors. Developmental effects of diethylstilbestrol (DES) in pregnancy. New York: Thieme-Stratton, Inc.; 1981. Chapter 3.

Singer MS, Hochman M. Incompetent cervix in a hormone-exposed offspring. Obstet Gynecol 1978;51:625-6.

Stillman RJ. In utero exposure to diethylstilbestrol: adverse effects on the reproductive performance of male and female offspring. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1982;142(7):905-21.

Vessey MP, Fairweather DVI, Norman-Smith B, Buckley J. A randomized double blind controlled trial of the value of stilbestrol therapy in pregnancy: long-term follow-up of mothers and their offspring. Brit J Obstet Gynecol 1983;90:1007-17.

Viscomi GN, Gonzalez R, Taylor KJ. Ultrasound detection of uterine abnormalities after diethylstilbestrol (DES) exposure. Radiology 1980;136(3):733-5.

Wu CH, Mangan CE, Burtnett MM, Mikhail G. Plasma hormones in DES-exposed females. Obstet Gynecol 1980;55(2):157-62.

Zerner J, Fu YS, Taxiarchis LN, Reagan JW, Richart RM. A clinicopathologic study of vagina and cervix in DES-exposed progeny. Diagn Gynecol Obstet 1980;2(4):245-56.

Fertility

Adams DM, Druzin ML, Cederaquist LL. Intrapartum uterine rupture. Obstet Gynecol 1989;77(3 pt 2):471-3.

Alper MM, Oskowitz SP, Berger MJ, Thompson IE, Whitmyer J, Powers RD. Pregnancy after gamete intrafallopian transfer in a women with primary infertility and in utero exposure to diethylstilbestrol [case report]. J Reprod Med 1988;33(5):489-91.

Balasch J, Coll O, Jove I, Moreno V, Mulet J, Vanrell JA. Diethylstilbestrol-induced Müllerian abnormalities, septate uterus, genital tuberculosis and twin pregnancy with term delivery after in vitro fertilization. Human Reprod 1991;6(5):690-3.

Barnes AB, Colton T, Gundersen J, Noller KL, Tilley BC, Strama T, et al. Fertility and outcome of pregnancy in women exposed in utero to diethylstilbestrol. N Eng J Med 1980;302(11):609-13.

Ben-Baruch G, Menczer J, Mashiach S, Serr DM. Uterine anomalies in diethylstilbestrol-exposed women with fertility disorders. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1981;60(4):395-7.

Berger MJ, Goldstein DP. Impaired reproductive performance in DES-exposed women. Obstet Gynecol 1980;55(1):25-7.

Bibbo M, Gill WB, Azizi F, Blough R, Fang VS, Rosenfield RL, et al. Follow-up study of male and female offspring of DES-exposed mothers. Obstet Gynecol 1977;49(1):1-8.

Claman P, Berger MJ. Phenotypic differences in upper genital tract abnormalities and reproductive history in dizygotic twins exposed to diethylstilbestrol in utero [case report]. J Reprod Med 1990;35(4):431-3.

Cousins L, Karp W, Lacey C, Lucas WE. Reproductive outcome of women exposed to diethylstilbestrol in utero. Obstet Gynecol 1980;56(1):70-6.

DeCherney AH, Cholst I, Naftolin F. Structure and function of the fallopian tubes following exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES) during gestation. Fertil Steril 1981;36(6):741-5.

Edelman DA, Badrawi HH. Contraception for women exposed in utero to diethylstilbestrol. Adv Contracept 1988;4(3):241-6.

Goldberg J, Falcone T. Effect of diethylstilbestrol on reproductive function. Fertil Steril 1999;72:1-7.

Goldstein DP. Incompetent cervix in offspring exposed to diethylstilbestrol in utero. Obstet Gynecol 1978;52(Suppl):S73-S5.

Halling A, Forsberg JG. Ovarian failure after exposure to diethylstilbestrol in neonatal life. Biol Reprod 1990;43(3):472-7.

Haney AF, Hammond MG. Infertility in women exposed to diethylstilbestrol in utero. J Reprod Med 1983;28(12):851-6.

Herbst AL, Hubby MM, Blough RR, Azizi F. A comparison of pregnancy experience in DES-exposed and DES-unexposed daughters. J Reprod Med 1980;24(2):62-9.

Herbst AL, Hubby MM, Azizi F, Makii MM. Reproductive and gynecologic surgical experience in diethylstilbestrol-exposed daughters. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1981;141:1019-28.

Hricak H, Chang YC, Cann CE, Parer JT. Cervical incompetence: preliminary evaluation with MR imaging. Radiology 1990;173(3 pt 1):821-6.

Karande VC, Lester RG, Muasher SJ, Jones DL, Acosta AA, Jones HW Jr. Are implantation and pregnancy outcome impaired in diethylstilbestrol-exposed women after in utero fertilization and embryo transfer? Fert Steril 1990;54(2):287-91.

Kaufman RH, Adam E, Hatch EE, Noller K, Herbst AL, Palmer JR, et al. Pregnancy outcomes in diethylstilbestrol-exposed offspring: Continued follow-up. Obstet Gynecol 2000;96:483-9.

Kaufman RH, Noller K, Adam E, Irwin J, Gray M, Jefferies JA, et al. Upper genital tract abnormalities in pregnancy outcome in diethylstilbestrol-exposed progeny. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1984;148:973.

Kaufman RH, Binder GL, Gray PM Jr, Adam E. Upper genital tract changes associated with in utero exposure to diethylstilbestrol. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1977;128:51-9.

Lazar R, Guegeuen S, Dreyfus J, Renaud R, Pontonnier G, Papiernik E, et al. Multicentered controlled trial of cervical cerclage of women at moderate risk of preterm delivery. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1984;91:731-5.

Levine R, Berkowitz K. Conservative management and pregnancy outcome in diethylstilbestrol-exposed women with and without gross genital tract abnormalities. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1993;169(5):1125-9.

Linn S, Lieberman E, Schoenbaum SC, Monson RR, Stubblefield PG, Ryan KJ. Adverse outcomes of pregnancy in women exposed to diethylstilbestrol in utero. J Reprod Med 1988;33(1):3-7.

Mangan CE, Borow L, Burtnett-Rubin MM, Egan V, Giuntoli RL, Mikuta JJ. Pregnancy outcome in 98 women exposed to diethylstilbestrol in utero, their mothers, and unexposed siblings. Obstet Gynecol 1982;59:315-9.

Muasher SJ, Garcia JE, Jones HW. Experience with diethylstilbestrol-exposed infertile women in program of in vitro fertilization. Fertil Steril 1984;42(1):20-4.

Nunley WC, Kitchin JD. Successful management of incompetent cervix in a primigravida exposed to diethylstilbestrol in utero. Fertil Steril 1979;31:217-9.

Palmer JR, Hatch EE, Rao S, Kaufman RH, Herbst AL, Noller KL, et al. Infertility among women exposed prenatally to diethylstilbestrol. Am J Epidemiol 2001;154:319-21.

Pillsbury SG. Reproductive significance of changes in the endometrial cavity associated with exposure in utero to diethylstilbestrol. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1980;137(2):178-82.

Rosenfeld DL, Bronson RA. Reproductive problems in the DES-exposed female. Obstet Gynecol 1980;55(4):453-6.

Rusch RW, Isaccs S, McPherson K, Jones L, Chalmers I, Grant A. A randomized controlled trial of cervical cerclage in women at high risk of spontaneous preterm delivery. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1984;91:724-30.

Sandberg EC, Riffle NL, Higdon JV, Getman CE. Pregnancy outcome in women exposed to diethylstilbestrol in utero. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1981;140:194-205.

Schmidt G, Fowler WC Jr, Talbert LM, Edelman DA. Reproductive history of women exposed to diethylstilbestrol in utero. Fertil Steril 1980;33(1):21-4.

Seigler AM, Wang CF, Friberg J. Fertility of the diethylstilbestrol exposed offspring. Fertil Steril 1979;31:601-7.

Senekjian EK, Potkul RK, Frey K, Herbst AL. Infertility among daughters either exposed or not exposed to diethylstilbestrol. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1988;158(3 pt 1):493-8.

Singer MS, Hochman M. Incompetent cervix in a hormone-exposed offspring. Obstet Gynecol 1978;51:625-6.

Stillman RJ. In utero exposure to diethylstilbestrol: Adverse effects on the reproductive tract and reproductive performance in male and female offspring [review]. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1982;142:905-21.

Thorp JM Jr, Fowler WC, Donehoo R, Sawicki C, Bowes WA Jr. Antepartum and intrapartum events in women exposed in utero to diethylstilbestrol. Obstet Gynecol 1990;76(5 pt 1):828-32.

Veridiano NP, Delke I, Rogers J, Tancer ML. Reproductive performance of DES-exposed female progeny. Obstet Gynecol 1981;58:58-61.

Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma (CCA)

Anderson B, Watring WG, Edinger DD Jr, Small EC, Netland AT, Safaii H. Development of DES-associated clear cell carcinoma: the importance of regular screening. Obstet Gynecol 1979;53(3):293-9.

Burks RJ, Schwartz AM, Wheeler JE, Antonioli D. Late recurrence of clear-cell adenocarcinoma of the cervix [case report]. Obstet Gynecol 1990;76(3 pt 2):525-7.

Carlson JA Jr, Morgan M, Boothby R, Rubin M. Stage II papillary clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina during observation in a diethylstilbestrol-exposed daughter. Gynecol Oncol 1989;32(1):86-7.

Clark LC, Portier KM. Diethylstilbestrol and the risk of cancer. N Eng J Med 1979;300(5):263-4.

Davis JA, Wadehra V, McIntosh AS, Monaghan JM. A case of clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina in pregnancy [case report]. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1981;88(3):322-6.

Dewhurst J, Ferreira HP, Dally VM, Staffurth JF. Stilboestrol-associated vaginal carcinoma treated by radiotherapy [case report]. J Obstet Gynecol 1980;1:63-4.

Dickersin GR, Welch WR, Erlandson R, Robboy SJ. Ultrastructure of 16 cases of clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina and cervix in young women. Cancer 1980;45(7):1615-24.

Edelman DA. Diethylstilbestrol exposure and the risk of clear cell cervical and vaginal adenocarcinoma. Int J Fertil 1989;34(4):251-5.

Eisenfeld AJ, Schwartz PE, Morris JM. Estrogen and progesterone receptors in vaginal and uterine adenocarcinomas following estrogen use [case report]. Gynecol Oncol 1980;10(1):63-8.

Forsberg JG. Diethylstilbestrol, clear cell adenocarcinoma, and striking discoveries in Norway. Am J Med 1988;84(1):184.

Fowler WC Jr, Schmidt G, Edelman DA, Kaufman DG, Fenoglio CM. Risks of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia among DES-exposed progeny. Obstet Gynecol 1981;58(6):720-4.

Ghosh TK, Cera PJ. Transition of benign vaginal adenosis to clear cell carcinoma. Obstet Gynecol 1983;61(1):126-30.

Goodman A, Sullinger JC, Rice LW, Fuller AF Jr. Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina: a second primary in a diethylstilbestrol-exposed woman [case report] Gynecol Oncology 1991;43(2):173-7.

Greenwald P, Nasca PC, Burnett WS, Polan A. Prenatal stilbestrol experience of mothers of young cancer patients. Cancer 1973;31:568-72.

Greenwald P, Barlow JJ, Nasca PC, Burnett WS. Vaginal cancer after maternal treatment with synthetic estrogens. N Engl J Med 1971;285:390-2.

Hanselaar AG, Leusen ND, DeWilde PC, Vooijs GP. Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina and cervix: A report of the Central Netherlands Registry with emphasis on early detection and prognosis. Cancer 1991;67(7):1971-8.

Herbst AL, Anderson D. Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina and cervix secondary to intrauterine exposure to diethylstilbestrol. Semin Surg Oncol 1990;6(6):343-6.

Herbst AL. The effects in the human of diethylstilbestrol (DES) use during pregnancy [review]. Int Symp Princess Takamatsu Cancer Res Fund 1987;18:67-75.

Herbst AL, Ulfelder H, Poskanzer DC. Adenocarcinoma of the vagina: association of maternal stilbestrol therapy with tumor appearance in young women. N Engl J Med 1971;284:878-81.

Herbst AL. Diethylstilbestrol and other sex hormones during pregnancy [review]. Obstet Gynecol 1981;58:25S-40S.

Herbst AL. The epidemiology of vaginal and cervical cancer clear cell adenocarcinoma [review]. In: Herbst AL, Bern HA, editors. Developmental effects of diethylstilbestrol (DES) in pregnancy. New York: Thieme-Stratton, Inc.; 1981. Chapter 5.

Herbst AL. Clear cell adnocarcinoma and the current status of DES-exposed females. Cancer 1981;48(2 Suppl):484-8.

Herbst AL, Anderson S, Hubby MM, Haenszel WM, Kaufman RH, Noller KL. Risk factors for the development of diethylstilbestrol-associated clear cell adenocarcinoma: a case-control study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1986;154(4):814-22.

Herbst AL, Scully RE. Adenocarcinoma of the vagina in adolescence: a report of 7 cases including 6 clear cell carcinomas (so-called mesonephromas). Cancer 1970;25:745.

Herbst AL, Kurman RJ, Scully RE, Poskanzer DC. Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the genital tract in young females: Registry report. N Engl J Med 1972;287:1259-64.

Herbst AL, Kurman RJ, Scully RE. Vaginal and cervical abnormalities after exposure to stilbestrol in utero. Obstet Gynecol 1972;40:287.

Herbst AL, Robboy SJ, Scully RE, Poskanzer DC. Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina and cervix in young females: an analysis of 170 Registry cases. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1974;119:713-23.

Herbst AL, Cole P, Colton T, Robboy SJ, Scully RE. Age-incidence and risk of diethylstilbestrol-related clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina and cervix. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1977;128:43-50.

Herbst AL, Cole P, Norusis MJ, Welch WR, Scully RE. Epidemiologic aspects and factors related to survival in 384 cases of clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina and cervix. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1979;135:876.

Herbst AL, Norusis MJ, Rosenow PJ, Welch WR, Scully RE. An analysis of 346 cases of clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina and cervix with emphasis on recurrence and survival. Gynecol Oncol 1979;7:111-2.

Hoover R, Fraumeni JF Jr. Drug-induced cancer [review]. Cancer 1981;47(5 Suppl):S1071-S80.

Horwitz RI, Viscoli CM, Merino M, Brennan TA, Flannery JT, Robboy SJ. Clear-cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina and cervix: incidence, undetected disease and diethylstilbestrol. J Clin Epidemiol 1988;41(6):593-7.

Hudson CN, Crandon AJ, Baird PJ, Willcocks D. Preservation of reproductive potential in diethylstilbestrol-related vaginal adenocarcinoma. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1983;145(3):375-7.

Jones WB, Koulos JP, Saigo PE, Lewis JL Jr. Clear-cell adenocarcinoma of the lower genital tract: Memorial Hospital 1974-1984. Obstet Gynecol 1987;70(4):573-7.

Jones WB, Woodruff JM, Erlandson RA, Lewis JL Jr. DES-related clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 1981;57(6 Suppl):76S-80S.

Kaufman RH, Korhonen MO, Strama T, Adam E, Kaplan A. Development of clear cell adenocarcinoma in DES-exposed offspring under observation. Obstet Gynecol 1982;145(3):375-7.

Kramer MS, Seltzer V, Krumholz B, Talebian F, Tedeschi C, Chen S. Diethylstilbestrol related clear-cell adenocarcinoma in women with initial examinations demonstrating on malignant disease. Obstet Gynecol 1987;69:868-71.

Lanier AP, Noller KL, Decker DG, Elveback LR, Kurland LT. Cancer and stilbesterol: a follow-up of 1,719 persons exposed to estrogens in utero and born 1943-59. Mayo Clin Proc 1973;48:793-9.

Mattingly RF, Stafl A. Cancer risk in diethylstilbestrol-exposed offspring. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1976;126:543-8.

Melnick S, Cole P, Anderson D, Herbst AL. Rates and risks of diethylstilbestrol-related clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina and cervix. Am J Eidemiol 1986;124(3):518-9.

Melnick S, Cole P, Anderson D, Herbst AL. Rates and risks of diethylstilbestrol-related clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina and cervix: an update. N Engl J Med 1987;316:514-6.

Monaghan JM, Sirisena LAW. Stilbestrol and vaginal clear-cell adenocarcinoma syndrome [case report]. Br Med J 1978;1;1588-90.

Noller KL, Decker DG, Lanier AP, Kurland LT. Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the cervix after maternal treatment with synthetic estrogens. Mayo Clin Proc 1972;47:629-30.

O'Brien PC, Noller KL, Robboy SJ, Barnes AB, Kaufman RH, Tilley BC, et al. Vaginal epithelial changes in young women enrolled in the National Cooperative Diethylstilbestrol Adenosis (DESAD) Project. Obstet Gynecol 1979;53:300-8.

Orr JW Jr, Shingleton HM, Gore H, Austin JM Jr, Hatch KD, Soong SJ. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia associated with exposure to diethylstilbestrol in utero: a clinical and pathologic study. Obstet Gynecol 1981;58(1):75-82.

Robboy SJ, Truslow GY, Richart RM. Role of hormones including diethylstilbestrol (DES) in the pathogenesis of cervical and vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia. Gynecol Oncol 1981;12(2 pt 2):S98-S110.

Robboy SJ, Young RH, Welch WR, Truslow GY, Prat J, Herbst AL, et al. Atypical vaginal adenosis and cervical ectropion; association with clear cell adenocarcinoma in diethylstilbestrol-exposed offspring. Cancer 1984;54(5):869-75.

Sandberg EC, Christian JC. Diethylstilbestrol-exposed monozygotic twins discordant for cervicovaginal clear cell adenocarcinoma. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1980;137:220-8.

Senekjian EK, Hubby M, Bell DA, Anderson D, Herbst AL. Clear cell adenocarcinoma (CCA) of the vagina and cervix in association with pregnancy. Gynecol Oncol 1986;24:207-19.

Senekjin EK, Frey KW, Stone C, Herbst AL. An evaluation of Stage II vaginal clear cell adenocarcinoma according to substages. Gynecol Oncol 1988;31(1):56-64.

Senekjin EK, Frey K, Herbst AL. Pelvic exenteration in clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina and cervix. Gynecol Oncol 1989;34(3):413-6.

Sharp GB, Cole P. Vaginal bleeding and diethylstilbestrol-exposure during pregnancy: relationship to genital tract clear cell adenocarcinoma and vaginal adenosis in daughters. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1990;162(4):994-1001.

Sharp GB, Cole P. Identification of risk factors for diethylstilbestrol-associated clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina: similarities to endometrial cancer. Am J Epidemiol 1991;134(11):1316-24.

Shapiro S, Slone D. The effect of exogenous female hormones of the fetus [review]. Epidemiol Rev 1979;1:110-23.

Veridiano NP, Tancer ML, Delke I, Gal D, Giannattasio C. Delayed onset of clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina in DES-exposed progeny. Obstet Gynecol 1981;57:395-8.

Vessey MP. Epidemiologic studies of the effects of diethylstilbestrol [review]. IARC Sci Publ 1989;96:335-48.

Wilkinson EJ. Pathology of the vagina [review]. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 1991;3(4):553-60.

Other Cancer

Bornstein J, Adam E, Adler-Storthz K, Kaufman RH. Development of cervical and vaginal squamous cell neoplasia as a late consequence of in utero exposure to diethylstilbestrol. Obstet Gynecol Surv 1988;43(1):15-21.

Braun MM, Ahlbom A, Floderus B, Brinton LA, Hoover RN. Effect of twinship on incidence of cancer of the testis, breast, and other sites [Sweden]. Cancer Causes Control 1995;6:519-24.

Clark LC, Portier KM. Diethylstilbestrol and the risk of cancer. N Eng J Med 1979;300(5):263-4.

Ekbon A, Trichopoulos D, Adami HO, Hsieh CC, Lan SJ. Evidence of prenatal influences on breast cancer risk. Lancet 1992;340:1015-8.

Faber K, Jones M, Tarraza HM Jr. Invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the vagina in a diethylstilbestrol-exposed woman [case report]. Gynecol Oncol 1990;37(1):125-8.

Hatch EE, Herbst AL, Hoover RN, Noller KL, Adam E, Kaufman RH, et al. Incidence of squamous neoplasia of the cervix and vagina in women exposed prenatally to diethylstilbestrol (United States). Cancer Causes Control 2001;12(9):837-45.

Hatch EE, Palmer JR, Titus-Ernstoff L, Noller KL, Kaufman RH, Mittendorf R, et al. Cancer risk in women exposed to diethylstilbestrol in utero. JAMA 1998;280(7):630-4.

Henderson BE, Benton BD, Weaver PT, Linden G, Nolan JF. Stilbestrol and urogenital-tract cancer in adolescents and young adults. N Engl J Med 1973;288:354.

Kinlen LJ, Badaracco MA, Moffett J, Vessey MP. A survey of the use of estrogens during pregnancy in the United Kingdom and the genitourinary cancer mortality with incidence rates in young people in England and Wales. J Obstet Gynaecol Br Commonwlth 1974;81:849-55.

Lazarus KH. Maternal diethylstilbestrol and ovarian malignancy in offspring [letter]. Lancet 1984;53.

Mansi ML. Clear cell renal carcinoma in a pregnant DES-exposed patient [case report]. J Am Osteopath Assoc 1989;89(7):929-32.

Palmer JR, Hatch EE, Rosenberg CL, Hartge P, Kaufman RH, Titus-Ernstoff L, et al. Risk of breast cancer in women exposed to diethylstilbestrol in utero: preliminary results (United States). Cancer Causes Control 2002;13:753-8.

Potischman N, Troisi R In-utero and early life exposures in relation to risk of breast cancer. Cancer Causes Control 1999;1: 561-73.

Robboy SJ, Szyfelbein WM, Goellner JR, Kaufman RH, Taft PD, Richard RM, et al. Dysplasia and cytologic findings in 4,589 young women enrolled in diethylstilbestrol-adenosis (DESAD) project. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1981;149(5):579-86.

Thompson WK, Janerich DT. Maternal age at birth and risk of breast cancer in daughters. Epidemiology 1990;1:101-6.

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