Bibliographic record and links to related information available from the Library of Congress catalog.
Note: Contents data are machine generated based on pre-publication provided by the publisher. Contents may have variations from the printed book or be incomplete or contain other coding.
Contents Preface A Guided Tour for the Student Part I Biochemistry Basics Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Chemical Elements 1.2 Chemical Bonds 1.3 Molecules 1.4 Ions 1.5 Polarity Influences Miscibility 1.6 Solutions 1.7 Chemical Reactions and Equilibrium 1.8 pH 1.9 Acid?Base Interconversions 1.10 Classes of Biological Substances 1.11 Cell Structure Problems and Critical Thinking Questions Chapter 2 Metabolism 2.1 Free-Energy Changes Earmark Metabolic Reactions 2.2 Determinants of Free-Energy Change 2.3 ???, the Energy Currency of Cells 2.4 Phases of Metabolism 2.5 Oxidation?Reduction Reactions 2.6 Overview of Catabolism Problems and Critical Thinking Questions Chapter 3 Proteins 3.1 Amino Acids 3.2 The Peptide Bond 3.3 Primary Structure of Proteins 3.4 Secondary Structure 3.5 Tertiary Structure 3.6 Denaturation 3.7 Quaternary Structure 3.8 Protein Function 3.9 Oxygen Carriers 3.10 Myoglobin 3.11 Hemoglobin 3.12 The Wondrous Properties of Hemoglobin 3.13 Enzymes 3.14 The Active Site 3.15 Enzymes Affect the Rate But Not the Direction of Reactions 3.16 Factors Affecting the Rate of Enzyme Reactions Problems and Critical Thinking Questions Chapter 4 Nucleic Acids and Gene Expression 4.1 Introducing Nucleic Acids 4.2 Flow of Genetic Information 4.3 Deoxyribonucleotides, the Building Blocks of DNA 4.4 Primary Structure of DNA 4.5 The Double Helix of DNA 4.6 The Genome of Living Organisms 4.7 DNA Replication 4.8 Mutations 4.9 RNA 4.10 Transcription 4.11 Genes and Gene Expression 4.12 Messenger RNA 4.13 Translation 4.14 The Genetic Code 4.15 Transfer RNA 4.16 Translation Continued 4.17 In the Beginning, RNA? Problems and Critical Thinking Questions Chapter 5 Carbohydrates and Lipids 5.1 Carbohydrates 5.2 Monosaccharides 5.3 Oligosaccharides 5.4 Polysaccharides 5.5 Lipids 5.6 Fatty Acids 5.7 Triacylglycerols 5.8 Phospholipids 5.9 Steroids 5.10 Cell Membranes Problems and Critical Thinking Questions Part I Summary Part II Biochemistry of the Neural and Muscular Processes of Movement Chapter 6 Neural Control of Movement 6.1 Nerve Signals Are Transmitted in Two Ways 6.2 The Resting Potential 6.3 The Action Potential 6.4 Propagation of an Action Potential 6.5 Transmission of a Nerve Impulse From One Neuron to Another 6.6 Birth of a Nerve Impulse 6.7 The Neuromuscular Junction 6.8 A Lethal Arsenal at the Service of Research Problems and Critical Thinking Questions Chapter 7 Muscle Contraction 7.1 Structure of a Muscle Cell 7.2 The Sliding-Filament Theory 7.3 The Wondrous Properties of Myosin 7.4 Structure of Myosin 7.5 Actin 7.6 Sarcomere Architecture 7.7 Mechanism of Force Generation 7.8 Myosin Isoforms and Muscle Fiber Types 7.9 Control of Muscle Contraction 7.10 Excitation?Contraction Coupling Problems and Critical Thinking Questions Part II Summary Part III Exercise Metabolism III.1 Principles of Exercise Metabolism III.2 Exercise Parameters III.3 Experimental Models Used to Study Exercise Metabolism III.4 Five Means of Metabolic Control in Exercise III.5 Four Classes of Energy Sources in Exercise Chapter 8 Compounds of High Phosphoryl Transfer Potential 8.1 The ATP-ADP Cycle 8.2 The ATP-ADP Cycle in Exercise 8.3 Creatine Phosphate 8.4 Window Into the Sarcoplasm 8.5 Loss of AMP by Deamination Problems and Critical Thinking Questions Chapter 9 Carbohydrate Metabolism in Exercise 9.1 Glycogen Metabolism 9.2 Exercise Speeds Up Glycogenolysis in Muscle 9.3 The Cyclic-AMP Cascade 9.4 Recapping the Effect of Exercise on Glycogen Metabolism 9.5 Glycolysis 9.6 Exercise Speeds Up Glycolysis in Muscle 9.7 Pyruvate Oxidation 9.8 Exercise Speeds Up Pyruvate Oxidation in Muscle 9.9 The Citric Acid Cycle 9.10 Exercise Speeds Up the Citric Acid Cycle in Muscle 9.11 The Electron Transport Chain 9.12 Oxidative Phosphorylation 9.13 Energy Yield of the Electron Transport Chain 9.14 Energy Yield of Carbohydrate Oxidation 9.15 Exercise Speeds Up Oxidative Phosphorylation in Muscle 9.16 Lactate Production in Muscle During Exercise 9.17 Features of the Anaerobic Carbohydrate Catabolism 9.18 Utilizing Lactate 9.19 Gluconeogenesis 9.20 Exercise Speeds Up Gluconeogenesis in the Liver 9.21 The Cori Cycle 9.22 Exercise Speeds Up Glycogenolysis in the Liver 9.23 Control of the Plasma Glucose Concentration in Exercise 9.24 Blood Lactate Accumulation 9.25 Blood Lactate Removal 9.26 ?Thresholds? Problems and Critical Thinking Questions Chapter 10 Lipid Metabolism in Exercise 10.1 Triacylglycerol Metabolism in Adipose Tissue 10.2 Exercise Speeds Up Lipolysis 10.3 Fate of the Lipolytic Products During Exercise 10.4 Fatty Acid Degradation 10.5 Energy Yield of Fatty Acid Oxidation 10.6 Fatty Acid Synthesis 10.7 Exercise Speeds Up Fatty Acid Oxidation in Muscle 10.8 Changes in the Plasma Fatty Acid Concentration and Profile During Exercise 10.9 Interconversion of Lipids and Carbohydrates 10.10 Plasma Lipoproteins 10.11 A Lipoprotein Odyssey 10.12 Effects of Exercise on Plasma Triacylglycerols 10.13 Effects of Exercise on Plasma Cholesterol 10.14 Exercise Increases Ketone Body Formation Problems and Critical Thinking Questions Chapter 11 Protein Metabolism in Exercise 11.1 Protein Metabolism 11.2 Effect of Exercise on Protein Metabolism 11.3 Amino Acid Metabolism in Muscle During Exercise 11.4 Amino Acid Metabolism in the Liver During Exercise 11.5 The Urea Cycle 11.6 Amino Acid Synthesis 11.7 Plasma Amino Acid, Ammonia, and Urea Concentrations During Exercise 11.8 Contribution of Proteins to the Energy Expenditure of Exercise 11.9 Effects of Training on Protein Metabolism Problems and Critical Thinking Questions Chapter 12 Effects of Exercise on Gene Expression 12.1 Stages in the Control of Gene Expression 12.2 Which Stages in the Control of Gene Expression Does Exercise Affect? 12.3 Kinetics of a Gene Product After Exercise 12.4 Exercise-Induced Changes That May Modify Gene Expression 12.5 Mechanisms of Exercise-Induced Muscle Hypertrophy 12.6 Mechanisms of Exercise-Induced Mitochondrial Biogenesis Problems and Critical Thinking Questions Chapter 13 Integration of Exercise Metabolism 13.1 Interconnections of Metabolic Pathways 13.2 Energy Systems 13.3 Energy Sources in Exercise 13.4 Choice of Energy Sources During Exercise 13.5 Effect of Exercise Intensity on the Choice of Energy Sources 13.6 Effect of Exercise Duration on the Choice of Energy Sources 13.7 Interaction of Duration and Intensity: Energy Sources in Running and Swimming 13.8 Effect of the Exercise Program on the Choice of Energy Sources 13.9 Effect of Heredity on the Choice of Energy Sources in Exercise 13.10 Conversions of Muscle Fiber Types 13.11 Effect of Nutrition on the Choice of Energy Sources During Exercise 13.12 Adaptations of the Proportion of Energy Sources During Exercise to Endurance Training 13.13 How Does Endurance Training Modify the Proportion of Energy Sources During Exercise? 13.14 Adaptations of Energy Metabolism to Anaerobic Training 13.15 Effect of Age on the Choice of Energy Sources During Exercise 13.16 Do Sex and Ambient Temperature Affect the Choice of Energy Sources During Exercise? 13.17 The Proportion of Fuels Can Be Measured Bloodlessly 13.18 Hormonal Effects on Exercise Metabolism 13.19 Fatigue 13.20 Central Fatigue 13.21 Peripheral Fatigue 13.22 Restoration of the Energy State After Exercise 13.23 Metabolic Changes in Detraining Problems and Critical Thinking Questions Part III Summary Part IV Biochemical Assessment of Exercising Persons IV.1 The Blood IV.2 Aims and Scope of the Biochemical Assessment IV.3 The Reference Interval IV.4 Classes of Biochemical Parameters Chapter 14 Iron Status 14.1 Hemoglobin 14.2 Hematologic Parameters 14.3 Does Sports Anemia Exist? 14.4 Iron 14.5 Total Iron-Binding Capacity 14.6 Transferrin Saturation 14.7 Soluble Transferrin Receptor 14.8 Ferritin 14.9 Iron Deficiency Problems and Critical Thinking Questions Chapter 15 Metabolites 15.1 Lactate 15.2 Estimating the Anaerobic Lactic Capacity 15.3 Programming Training 15.4 Estimating Aerobic Endurance 15.5 Glucose 15.6 Triacylglycerols 15.7 Cholesterol 15.8 HDL Cholesterol 15.9 LDL Cholesterol 15.10 Recapping Cholesterol 15.11 Glycerol 15.12 Urea 15.13 Ammonia 15.14 Creatinine Problems and Critical Thinking Questions Chapter 16 Enzymes and Hormones 16.1 Enzymes 16.2 Creatine Kinase 16.3 Aminotransferases 16.4 Steroid Hormones 16.5 Cortisol 16.6 Testosterone 16.7 Overtraining 16.8 Epilogue Problems and Critical Thinking Questions Part IV Summary Answers to Problems and Critical Thinking Questions Glossary Suggested Readings References Index About the Author
Library of Congress Subject Headings for this publication:
Exercise -- Physiological aspects.
Muscle -- Metabolism.
Biochemistry.
Exercise -- physiology.
Movement -- physiology.
Biochemistry.
Muscles -- metabolism.