Present PositionSenior Research Scientist, CRESST/USRA/GSFCHigh Energy Astrophysics Science Archival Research Center (HEASARC) Brief BioI received my B.Sc. in Astrophysics at Edinburgh University in 1973, and my M.A. and Ph.D. in Astronomy at UCLA in 1975 and 1980, respectively. After working at UCLA for a year as a post-doc for my thesis advisor, Dr. Roger Ulrich, I subsequently worked with Dr. Jeffrey Linsky at JILA (U. Colorado) as a post-doc (1981-1985). I joined the Solar Maximum Mission (SMM) Project at NASA/GSFC as a support scientist for the UV Spectrometer/Polarimeter (UVSP) instrument (1985-1991), before moving to the HEASARC as a support scientist in January 1991.Educational Background1973 - B.Sc. - Astrophysics, University of Edinburgh1975 - M.A. - Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles 1980 - Ph.D. - Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles Thesis under the Direction of Dr. Roger Ulrich: `The Emission Lines and Continuum from a Slab of Hydrogen at Moderate to High Electron Densities' Research InterestsMy major current areas of interest are the X-ray coronae of late-type stars, and the X-ray emission regions around early-type stars. In addition, I have studied the radio continuum, optical, e.g., Ca II H and K, and ultraviolet emission from a wide variety of different types of stars.Ranging from the most (~100 solar masses) to least (~0.1 solar masses) massive, the types of stars that I have studied include Eta Carinae (one of the most massive stars in our Galaxy), OB stars in the Cygnus OB2 Associations, Magnetic Bp and Ap stars, Algol binary systems in which one component fills its Roche Lobe, F stars with thin convection zones, classic solar-type stars such as Alpha Centauri, active binary systems such as the RS CVn types, and dwarf M stars (including the wonderfully named rapidly rotating dMe star `Speedy Mic'). X-ray spectroscopy of stars can give information about the temperature and density structures, their scale heights, and the prevailing elemental abundances in those parts of their atmospheres where the highest temperatures (1-100 million degrees K) are found. Low- and medium spectral resolution observations made by X-ray detectors on missions such as ROSAT and ASCA yielded in some cases very surprising results, e.g., that the elemental abundances in the coronae of many late-type stars are not the same as those that prevail in their cooler underlying photospheres. These anomalous abundances have been generally confirmed by the high-resolution detectors on the currently operating X-ray observatories, Chandra (AXAF) and XMM-Newton, although there is still little idea as to the physical mechanism(s) that are responsible for them. I am actively working on this topic. Current ProjectsAt the HEASARC, NASA's designated high-energy astrophysics data archive, I have been involved in the restoration of old high-energy datasets into modern formats, the addition of new database tables and catalogs to the HEASARC archive browser, the maintenance and update of the HEASARC's archive and webpages of EUVE data, the monitoring of the usage of the web and anonymous ftp areas on legacy, and the monitoring of users' questions and complaints sent to the HEASARC's Feedback line, among other things. I am also the designated HEASARC scientist for the RXTE, CGRO, XMM-Newton, and INTEGRAL projects.Selected PublicationsINVITED LECTURES AND/OR REVIEWS SINCE 1990:"HEASARC: NASA's High-Energy Science Archive of Data, Software and Knowledge", 2004 NRAO/Socorro Colloquium, given on 2004 September 24. "X-Ray Data Archives", Invited talk at the `X-Ray and Radio Connections Meeting' held in Santa Fe, New Mexico, given on 2004 February 5. "High-Energy Phenomena in Magnetic CP Stars as Revealed by Their X-Ray and Radio Emission", S.A. Drake, 1998, Contrib. Astron. Obs. Skalnat\'{e} Pleso, 27, 382. "Abundances in Stellar Coronae", S.A. Drake, 1997, at the ASCA Cherry Blossom Workshop held in Washington, D.C., April 2-4 [no published version]. "X-Ray Measurements of Coronal Abundances", S.A. Drake, 1996, in "Cosmic Abundances", edited by G. Sonneborn and S.S. Holt, p. 215. "X-Ray Observations of Stars", S.A. Drake, 1994, at the AAS High Energy Astrophysics Division Meeting on "The Multi-Mission Perspective" [no published version]. "Radio Emission from Coronal-Type Stars", S.A. Drake, 1993, in "Physics of Solar and Stellar Coronae: G.S. Vaiana Memorial Symposium", edited by J.L. Linsky and S. Serio, p. 393. PUBLICATIONS IN REFEREED JOURNALS SINCE 1995: "Nonthermal Hard X-Ray Emission and Iron K-alpha Emission from a Superflare on II Pegasi", Osten, R.A., Drake, S.A., Tueller, J., Cummings, J.R., Perri, M., Moretti, A. & Covino, S. 2007, ApJ, 654, 1052. "Swift Detection of Flares from V711 Tau", Krimm, H., Beardmore, A., Drake, S.A., Barthelmy, S.D., Cummings, J., Sata, G., Osten, R., Barbier, L., Fenimore, E., Gehrels, N., Markwardt, C., Palmer, D., Parsons, A., Sakamoto, T., Stamatikos, M. \& Tueller, J. 2006, ATel, No, 956. "Optical and X-Ray Studies of Chromospherically Active Stars: FR Cancri, HD 95559, and LO Pegasi", Pandey, J.C., Singh, K.P., Drake, S.A. and Sagar, R. 2005, AJ, 130, 1231. "Unravelling the Nature of HD 81032 - A New RS CVn Binary", Pandey, J.C., Singh, K.P., Drake, S.A. and Sagar, R. 2005, JApA, in press. "A Multi-Wavelength Perspective of Flares on HR 1099: Four Years of Coordinated Campaigns", Osten, R.A., Brown, A., Ayres, T.R., Drake. S.A. et al. 2004, ApJS, 153, 317. "X-Ray and Infrared Observations of Embedded Young Stars in L1630", Simon, T., Andrews, S.M., Rayner, J.T. and Drake, S.A. 2004, ApJ, 611, 940. "Automated Classification of ROSAT Sources Using Heterogeneous Mul;tiwavelength Source Catalogs", McGlynn, T.A., ..., Drake, S.A. and Donahue, M. 2004, ApJ, 616, 1284. "Variability of Four Coronally Active Stars", Pandey, J.C., Singh, K.P., Sagar, R. & Drake, S.A. 2002, JApA, 23, 9. "FR Cnc = BD +16 1753 - A Young Active Main-Sequence Star", Pandey, J.C., Singh, K.P., Sagar, R. & Drake, S.A. 2002, IBVS, 5351. "Radio, X-Ray and EUV Coronal Variability of the Short-Period RS CVn Binary SigmaČ Coronae Borealis", Osten, R.A., Brown, A., Ayres, T.R., Linsky, J.L., Drake, S.A., Gagne, M., and Stern, R.A. 2000, ApJ, 544, 953. "The X-Ray Spectral Evolution of Eta Carinae as seen by ASCA", Corcoran, M.F., Fredericks, A.C., Petre, R., Swank, J.H., Drake, S.A., and Ishibashi, K. 2000, ApJ, 545, 420. "Coronal Structure and Abundances of Capella from Simultaneous EUVE and ASCA Spectroscopy", Brickhouse, N.S., Dupree, A.K., Edgar, R.J., Liedahl, D.A., Drake, S.A., White, N.E., and Singh, K.P. 2000, ApJ, 530, 387. "Optical, X-Ray, and Radio Observations of HD 61396: A Probable New RS CVn-type Binary", Padmakar, Singh, K.P., Drake, S.A., and Pandey, S.K. 2000, MNRAS, 314, 733. "Recurrent X-Ray Emission Variations of Eta Carinae and the Binary Hypothesis", Ishibashi, K., Corcoran, M. F., Davidson, K., Swank, J.H., Petre, R., Drake, S.A., Damineli, A., and White, S. M. 1999, ApJ, 524, 983. "X-Ray Spectroscopy of Rapidly Rotating, Late-Type Dwarf Stars", Singh, K.P., Drake, S.A., Gotthelf, E.V., and White, N.E., 1999, ApJ, 512, 874. "Alpha Centauri: Coronal Temperature Structure and Abundances from ASCA Observations", Mewe, R., Drake, S.A., Kaastra, J.S., Schrijver, C.J., Drake, J.J., Schmitt, J.H.M.M., Singh, K.P., and White, N.E., 1998, A&A, 339, 545. "Ultraviolet and Optical Flares on Gl 866", Jevremovic, D., Butler, C.J., Drake, S.A., O'Donaghue, D., and van Wyk, F., 1998, A&A, 338, 1057. "ROSAT HRI Observations of the Intermediate-Age Open Cluster IC 4756", Randich, S., Singh, K.P., Simon, T., Drake, S.A., and Schmitt, J.H.M.M., 1998 A&A, 337, 372. "X-Ray and Radio Observations of the Cygnus OB2 Association", Waldron, W.L., Corcoran, M.F., Drake, S.A., and Smale, A.E., 1998, ApJS, 118, 217. "Synchronization Timescales for Three Solar-Type Stars that have Jupiter-Mass Companions in Short-Period Orbits", Drake, S.A., Pravdo, S.H., Angelini, L., and Stern, R.A., 1998, AJ, 115, 2122. "The Coronae of Moderate-Mass Giants in the Hertzsprung Gap and Clump", Ayres, T.R., Simon, T., Stern, R.A., Drake, S.A., Wood, B.E., and Brown, A., 1998, ApJ, 496, 428. "The ASCA X-Ray Spectrum of Eta Carinae", Corcoran, M.F., Petre, R., Swank, J.H., Drake, S.A., Koyama, K., Tsuboi, Y., Damineli, A., Davidson, K., Ishibashi, K., White, S., Currie, D., and Viotti, R., 1998, ApJ, 494, 381. "The X-Ray Coronal Emission of Lambda Andromedae Observed with ASCA and ROSAT", Ortolani, A., Maggio, A., Pallavicini, R., Sciortini, S., Drake, J.J., and Drake, S.A., 1997, A&A, 325, 664. "Circumstellar Environments V: The Asymmetric Chromosphere and Dust Shell of Alpha Orionis", Skinner, C.J., Dougherty, S.M., Meixner, M., Bode, M.F., Davis, R.J., Drake, S.A., Arens, J.F., and Jernigan, J.G., 1997, MNRAS, 288, 295. "Emission Measure Analysis Methods: The Corona of AR Lac Revisited", Kaastra, J.S., Mewe, R., Liedahl, D.A., Singh, K.P., White, N.E., and Drake, S.A., 1996, A&A, 314, 547. "The X-Ray Evidence that the 51 Peg Companion is a Planet", Pravdo, S.H., White, N.E., Angelini, L., Drake, S.A., and Stern, R.A., 1996, New Astronomy, 1, 171. "Corona(e) of AR Lac: II The Spatial Structure", Siarkowski, M., Pres, P., Drake, S.A., White, N.E., and Singh, K.P., 1996, ApJ, 473, 470. "RS CVn vs. Algol-type Binaries: A Comparative Study of Their X-Ray Emission", Singh, K.P., Drake, S.A., and White, N.E., 1996, AJ, 111, 2415. "ROSAT Observations of Five Chromospherically Active Stars", Singh, K.P., Drake, S.A., White, N.E., and Simon, T., 1996, AJ, 112, 221. "Corona(e) of AR Lac: I The Temperature and Abundance Distribution", Singh, K.P., White, N.E., and Drake, S.A., 1996, ApJ, 456, 766. "The X-Ray Emission of A-Type Stars", Simon, T., Drake, S.A., and Kim, P. D., 1995, PASP, 107, 1034. "Intense Radio Outburst from the Super-Massive Star Eta Carinae", Duncan, R.A., White, S.M., Lim, J., Nelson, G.J., Drake, S.A., and Kundu, M.R., 1995, ApJL, 441, L73. "A Study Of Coronal X-Ray Emission from Short-Period Algol Binaries", Singh, K.P., Drake, S.A., and White, N.E., 1995, ApJ, 445, 840.
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