X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Data

Note on the X-Ray Attenuation Databases

• X-Ray Attenuation and Absorption for Materials of Dosimetric Interest

  J. H. Hubbell and S. M. Seltzer

  Tables and graphs of computed photon mass attenuation coefficients and mass energy-absorption coefficients from 1 keV to 20 MeV are presented for all of the elements (Z = 1 to 92) and for 48 compounds and mixtures of radiological interest. These coefficients are basic quantities used in calculations of the penetration and the energy deposition by photons (x-ray, gamma-ray, bremsstrahlung) in biological, shielding, and other materials.

• XCOM: Photon Cross Sections Database  

  M. J. Berger and J. H. Hubbell

  This database can be used to calculate photon cross sections for scattering, photoelectric absorption and pair production, as well as total attenuation coefficients, in any element, compound or mixture, at energies from 1 keV to 100 GeV. This is a web version of the PC based program XCOM (also called NIST Standard Reference Database 8 - XGAM).

• Bibliography of Photon Attenuation Measurements

  J. H. Hubbell

  This bibliography contains papers (1907-1995) reporting absolute measurements of photon (XUV, x-ray, gamma-ray, bremsstrahlung) total interaction cross sections or attenuation coefficients for the elements and some compounds used in a variety of medical, industrial, defense, and scientific applications. The energy range covered is from 10 eV to 13.5 GeV.

• X-Ray Form Factor, Attenuation and Scattering Tables

  C. T. Chantler

  The primary interactions of x-rays with isolated atoms from Z = 1 (hydrogen) to Z = 92 (uranium) are described and computed within a self-consistent Dirac-Hartree-Fock framework. The results are provided over the energy range from either 1 eV or 10 eV to 433 keV, depending on the atom. Self-consistent values of the f₁and f₂ components of the atomic scattering factors are tabulated, together with the photoelectric attenuation coefficient [µ/]_PE and the K-shell component [µ/]_K, the scattering attenuation coefficient [µ/]_{(coh + inc)}, the mass attenuation coefficient [µ/]_tot, and the linear attenuation coefficient [µ]_tot, as functions of energy and wavelength. Also, f₂, [µ/]_PE, [µ/]_tot, and [µ]_tot are available for compounds.

• X-Ray Transition Energies  

  R. D. Deslattes, E. G. Kessler, Jr., P. Indelicato, L. de Billy, E. Lindroth, and J. Anton

  This X-ray transition table provides the energies and wavelengths for the K and L transitions connecting energy levels having principal quantum numbers n = 1, 2, 3, and 4. The elements covered include Z = 10, neon to Z = 100, fermium. There are two unique features of this database: (1) all experimental values are on a scale consistent with the International System of measurement (the SI) and the numerical values are determined using constants from the most recent Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical Constants: 1998 and (2) accurate theoretical estimates are included for all transitions.