By 1968 it had been reported that diverticular disease was unknown in the African4. Recently, however it has been reported that diverticular disease of the colon is on the rise in the African population1. Madiba reported 20 cases in a period of five years in South African blacks1. Ssali reported eight cases in five years in Uganda3. We now report 31 cases in five years. This supports the fact that more cases of diverticular disease are being seen in the African population in Kampala, Uganda.
The commonest presentation among these patients was rectal-bleeding. Madiba reported similar findings in South Africa4. In another study in the USA, colonic diverticulum was found to be the commonest cause of lower GIT bleeding7.
In the western world, diverticular disease has been noted to be a disease of adults and is found in two thirds of the autopsy population in those aged over 80 years8. However such data is not available for Africans. In the current study all patients were over 40 years and this may suggest that it is predominantly a disease of adults. Madiba reported that women were more affected than men4. However in the current study the males and females were equally affected. The clinical and radiological presentation is similar to what has been reported in the western world2,5,9.
Could it be that diverticular disease is a new entity in our environment or has it been there in silent existence? Is it possible that the Ugandans have adopted a western diet especially those that live in the urban areas. As noted, many supermarkets have sprung up in Kampala recently and these sell processed foods and the middle class frequents them. Ssali3 argued that the diet of the Ugandan middle class only differs from the traditional diet in its protein content in the form of meat, eggs, fish, and milk. In the current study this argument seems to be supported by the fact that most patients still eat a traditional diet.
Others could argue that most Ugandans still eat the local diet and so this problem lem may not be associated with diet. A few of the patients presented have lived in western countries but this was only during their adulthood.
It could also be that diverticular disease of the colon has been with us undetected but with improved health care, more patients are being investigated and thus being discovered. After all, barium enemas were not commonly done 20 years ago. The findings at colonoscopy have not been reported but these could also reflect a similar picture.
Is diverticular disease in Africa the same as the western type? Based on the clinical and radiological findings of this study, the two diseases seem to be similar.