This class includes that type of building structures commonly
designated "fences" and characterized by a relatively
low, generally openwork, structure adapted to serve the purposes
of a barrier.
Those fences in which a part breaks, gives way, or separates
under abnormal conditions are classified herein with the type of
fence to which the invention is applied.
Posts described for use in fences, but which are of more general
application, are classified under the more general appropriate building
structure classes. Posts are included herein only when specially
adapted for a fence and are classified with the type of fence to
which they are adapted.
Buckles, Buttons, Clasps, etc.,
subclasses 68+ , especially 71.1, for line stretchers or tighteners of
general utility. Wire fences with stretching devices are in this
class (256), subclasses 37+. Connectors between parts
of a fence are classified in this class (256) with the type of fence involved.
Class 24, subclasses 305+ provides for combinations of
two or more simple forms of fastenings not for connecting fence
parts.
Movable or Removable Closures, appropriate subclasses, for that movable portion of a fence commonly
known as a "gate" and characterized by a normally
open and closed position. A panel, per se, of general application,
although forming part of a gate, is classified in
subclass 73 of this class (256).
Static Structures (e.g., Buildings), appropriate subclasses for barriers, poles, and posts of more
general application, particularly
subclass 40 for a shaft with an article support; subclass 102
for an earth supported coping or edging; subclasses 103 and 104
for a land marker or monument; subclass 113 for a shaft with a spring
actuated return; subclasses 153 and 154 for a shaft with an embedded
wing-type brace; subclasses 155-166 for an earth anchor; subclasses
292-299 for a footing for a vertical shaft; subclasses 300 and 301
for vertical structure with a cap; subclasses 415-442 for a brick and
mortar-type barrier; subclasses 633-697 for openwork (e.g., lattice
or grating, etc.); and subclasses 831-857 for elongated rigid members.
Joints and Connections, appropriate subclasses for joints of general utility.
Connectors between parts of a fence are classified in this class
(256) with the type fence involved.
Hydraulic and Earth Engineering, appropriate subclasses for earthwork barriers, especially
subclasses 30+ for openwork wave or flow dissipating barriers.
Fence structure, per se, of earthwork is classified in this class
(256), subclass 19.
Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles,
subclasses 544+ for stock materials, e.g., of indefinite length,
which are all metal or have adjacent metal components. See the
notes in the main Class Definition of Class 428.
SECTION III - GLOSSARY
STRUCTURAL
As used herein, this term applies to any relatively rigid slat
or bar member used as an element of a fence.
WIRE
As used herein, this term includes not only metallic
but also any nonmetallic rope, cord, or strand.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Fences provided with spurs, points, or barbs so arranged
as to discourage the violent passage of animals through them.
This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Devices comprising openwork or meshed stock, whether formed
of relatively rigid slats or bars or of wire combined with rigid
slats or bars.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Fences having one or more parts charged with electricity,
whereby shock will be imparted to an animal coming into contact therewith.
Animal Husbandry, particularly
subclass 721 for an electromagnetic remote control for confining
an animal to a predetermined territorial location. The remote control
feature may include a buried wire or above ground fence-like structure
but does not limit the travel of the animal by direct electrical
contact therewith.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Fences having special provision to prevent or hinder creatures
from traveling or remaining upon the top of the fence.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Barriers designed to regulate wind and air currents so that
driftage of snow or sand will be controlled.
(1)
Note. These barriers usually act either (1) to so direct
wind or air currents to cause the same to pick up and remove snow
or sand from places it is desired to keep clear thereof, or (2)
to cause wind or air currents to drop sand or snow carried thereby
to avoid the same accumulating at places it is desired to keep clear, thereof,
for example, railways or roadways.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Devices for use on shores or in stream beds designed to
prevent animals from passing, but providing for the more or less
free passage of the water and bodies held in suspension therein.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Devices in the nature of barriers, railings, or fences,
both rigid and yielding, along road sides, and sufficiently strong
to resist automobile impact.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device for use upon railroads designed to prevent animals
from passing along the tracks and incapable of use as a gate to
permit the passage of the animal.
Movable or Removable Closures,
subclasses 131+ for a closure which moves to an inoperative position
flush with the ground, such as a railroad track, to permit a train
to ride over it.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Fences, made wholly or partly of such materials as earth,
stone, plastics, or wood where the material of which they are made,
as well as the form of the fence, is of consequence.
Static Structures (e.g., Buildings), appropriate subclasses for masonry walls of more general
application, particularly
subclasses 300+ for vertical structures with a cap or terminal bearing
plate.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Fences made wholly or mostly of metal other than wire where
the material is of consequence or where the shape of parts is such
as to preclude their being made of other material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 21. Fences composed of longitudinal rails and upright members
where the upright members serve to increase the effectiveness of
the fence as a barrier and not merely to strengthen, brace, or space
apart the rails.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Fences having portions hung or suspended between posts or
from rails or strands running from post to post.
Static Structures (e.g., Buildings), appropriate subclasses for an in situ erected building
structure of more general application, particularly
subclasses 474+ for a facer (panel) held by a frame or shaft.
This subclass is indented under subclass 24. Devices relating to enclosed structures, generally in the
nature of a pen for children, adapted to be folded and stored away.
Beds,
subclasses 93.1+ , for crib-type beds and for play-pens having a
bottom wall even if the bottom and side members are not connected.
The bottom may be a fabric and may rest directly on the floor.
Amusement Devices, particularly
subclasses 92+ for an enclosure for an athletic or exhibition
event, e.g., for arena, track, court, playing field, etc.
This subclass is indented under subclass 24. Devices hingedly connected so that adjacent panel units
are capable of lying in the same or intersecting planes.
This subclass is indented under subclass 24. Panel fences in which two adjacent panels are capable of
attachment so as to stand in intersecting planes.
This subclass is indented under subclass 27. Fences wherein the panels are tied together by a wire running
the length of several panels, the panel ends are bolted or wired
together, or a separate element is used to lock or tie adjacent panels
together.
This subclass is indented under subclass 24. Fences wherein the panels extend in the same general direction
(right line) and are tied together by a wire running the length
of a plurality of panels, when the panel ends are bolted or wired
together, or where a separate element is used to lock or tie adjacent
panels together.
This subclass is indented under subclass 29. Devices wherein the panels or fence as a whole are braced
in addition or wherein the panels or fence are tied and braced by
the same means.
This subclass is indented under subclass 24. Devices comprising combinations of panels with braced posts
or separate brace members and braced posts or like parts particularly adapted
to receive the support fence panels.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Fences made wholly or partially of wire and elements and
combinations of elements used as parts of wire fences not otherwise
provided for and characterized by the presence of strands of wire
connected to the spanning post members.
This subclass is indented under subclass 32. Fences composed of woven longitudinal strands and upright
members where the upright members serve to increase the effectiveness
of the fence as a barrier and not merely to strengthen, brace, or
space apart the strands.
This subclass is indented under subclass 32. Devices particularly adapted for the bracing of wire fences.
Braced posts, and braces or stays generally to strengthen, reinforce,
or space apart the strands of a wire fence. Combinations of a plurality
of fence posts with brace members connecting so as to brace each
other.
This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Wire fences wherein the strands are provided with a diagonal
bracing member or some of the strands are deflected from their true
horizontal course to brace the fence after the manner of a truss.
This subclass is indented under subclass 32. Devices with stretching devices which form permanent parts
of the fence, and are provided with details particularly adapting
them for use in a fence.
Implements or Apparatus for Applying Pushing or
Pulling Force,
subclasses 199+ for a portable implement or apparatus for tensioning
flexible material (e.g., fence wire from which the implement or
apparatus is detached when moved).
Implements or Apparatus for Applying Pushing or
Pulling Force,
subclasses 213+ for a portable, rotatably driven drum for tensioning
a flexible material, the drum engages and pulls on either the material
or a cable attached to the material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 40. Devices having winding elements for a plurality of strands
and pluralities of winding elements operating upon individual strands,
but mounted upon a common spindle.
This subclass is indented under subclass 32. Devices consisting of fabrics formed wholly or partially
of wire wherein the stays and strands are held together by separate
ties, such as wires, lock rods, or clips.
Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles,
subclasses 544+ for stock materials, e.g., of indefinite length,
which are all metal or have adjacent metal components. See the
notes in the main Class Definition of Class 428.
This subclass is indented under subclass 32. Subject matter relating to connections peculiarly adapted
to attach a strand of the fence to a post, pole, stay, or like upright
having a structural shape.
Supports,
subclasses 49+ is the general locus for supports for cables, particularly
subclass 66, for brackets for securing a road guard cable to its
post.
This subclass is indented under subclass 48. Devices wherein the strand is stapled or otherwise attached
to a facing strip which is secured to or embedded in a structural
upright.
Static Structures (e.g., Buildings), appropriate subclasses for a structure of more general
application, particularly
subclasses 364+ for a ground member serving as a penetrating fastener
receiver, and subclasses 698+ for an anchor or tie.
Static Structures (e.g., Buildings),
subclasses 698+ for a building component anchor or tie which is
generally assembled with other components as the structure is erected,
e.g., anchors set in concrete before hardening.
Static Structures (e.g., Buildings), appropriate subclasses for a structure or building component
of more general classification, particularly
subclasses 633 through 697for openwork and subclasses 850-857 for elongated
rigid members which in use may be embedded in concrete.
This subclass is indented under subclass 48. Subject matter relating to a plurality of crossing wires
to a structural upright by a single member extending longitudinally
of the upright.
This subclass is indented under subclass 48. Devices where the wire is held in a plurality of slots,
which slots or their mouths are out of alinement, so that it is
necessary to bend a portion of the strand to cause it to enter the
slots.
for separate members attached to uprights to receive
the wire in a curved or obliquely formed slot therein or between
oppositely directed hooks formed thereon.
Electricity: Conductors and Insulators,
subclasses 154+ , for insulator and conductor holders; 169+,
for terminal-type conductor-holding means and 172+, for
insulator-holding means.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Fences composed of structural uprights and individual structural
runner members or rails either permanently or removably attached to
the uprights or posts in the erection of the fence. Posts particularly
adapted for the reception of rails are classified in subclasses
hereunder.
This subclass is indented under subclass 60. Angle rail fences supported by a wire running the length
of several sections or where the rails are tied to the post or to
each other by wire or other separate element.
This subclass is indented under subclass 59. Rail fences provided with a tie wire running the length
of the fence sections or having the rails tied to the posts or to
each other or wherein a separate member is used to lock the sections
of the fence together.
This subclass is indented under subclass 59. Rail fences comprising combinations of rails or runners
with braced posts or like parts and braced posts or like parts specially
formed to receive and support rails or runners.
This subclass is indented under subclass 59. Subject matter including a fastening or joining means
for supporting (a) the rail to the post or (b) the post to a base
or (c) the rail to the rail or (d) the rail to an upright structure
of a building (e.g., wall).
This subclass is indented under subclass 65.02. Subject matter wherein the fastening or joining means
includes a separate member (e.g., bracket) attached to the post
or the rail.
This subclass is indented under subclass 65.02. Subject matter wherein a connection between the rail
and the post is formed in place by altering the shape of the rail
or post by pressure or stress.
This subclass is indented under subclass 65.02. Subject matter wherein the rail is fastened or secured
to the post by heating or pressure process (i.e., welding) or by
gluing with sticky or adhesive material (i.e., bonding).
This subclass is indented under subclass 65.02. Subject matter wherein the rail is completely penetrated
through the post or the post is completely penetrated through the
rail.
This subclass is indented under subclass 65.01. Subject matter wherein the fastening or securing means
supports the post to the ground or floor or gratings (i.e., base).
This subclass is indented under subclass 65.01. Devices between the rail and the upright which require that
the upright be made of some plastic material at the point of connection.
This subclass is indented under subclass 65.01. Devices comprising direct connections between the rail and
the upright--e.g., having no connecting means other than the rail
and the upright.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Devices comprising unitary fence or gate structures including
panels, per se, of general application adapted to extend between
two adjacent supports and comprising generally vertical and horizontal
members.
Flexible or Portable Closure, Partition, or Panel, appropriate subclasses, for fence or gate panels
of flexible material, and fence or gate panels formed of plural
strips, slats or panels interconnected with one another for relative
motion.
The definitions below correspond to the abolished subclasses
from which these collections were formed. See the Foreign Art Collection
schedule of this class for spe correspondences. [Note:
The titles and definitions for indented art collections include
all the details of the one(s) that are hierarchically superior.]
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