Magnetic, structural, and thermodynamic properties of manganese oxides La1-xCaxMnO3 Abstract: The perovskite manganese oxides R1-xAxMnO3 (where R = La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, or Y and A = Ca, Sr, or Ba) have been investigated extensively in the last 12 years. The interplay among lattice, charge, spin, and orbital degrees of freedom in this material is exceptionally strong. This interplay can cause unusual physical phenomena, such as, colossal magnetoresistance, charge/orbital ordering, and phase separation. Early studies reported LaMnO3 to be A-type antiferromagnetic (AFM), CaMnO3 to be G-type AFM, and small amount of hole or electron doping, respectively, induce a modest ferromagnetic (FM) moment that is attributed to the spin-canting. Recent theoretical studies, however, showed that the spin-canting state is energetically unstable below a certain concentration of charge carriers, and electric phase separation occurs. To investigate phase separation on La1-xCaxMnO3, magnetic and structural properties are studied in detail. Both AFM and FM characters are observed in the region 0.08≤x≤0.14 from magnetization data. Neutron powder diffraction reveals two distinct crystallographic phases as well as two magnetic (ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic) phases in this region. This phase separation is different from theoretically predicted one. Comparisons of magnetic and crystallographic properties are made to the analogous electron-doped Ca1-yLayMnO₃ (0 ≤y≤ 0.20) system for the first time. Recent progress of thermodynamic properties also will be introduced.