| Sponsors |
 |
 |
 |
 | A workshop was held January 18-19, 2006 in Anchorage to discuss surveillance strategies and plans for the early detection of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) in Alaska. |
| Workshop Goal | |
| To develop a field sampling plan, coordinate sample handling and processing, and data management and dissemination for early detection of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) in Alaska. | |
| Please note that workshop sponsors do not control and cannot guarantee the relevance, timeliness, or accuracy of these outside materials. |
| Participants |
| Reports |
| An Early Detection System for Highly Pathogenic H5N1Avian Influenza in Wild Migratory Birds U.S. Interagency Strategic Plan |
| Avian Influenza Workshop Summary Report |
| Workshop Handouts |
| CDC: AI Types and Strains [Fact Sheet] |
| Interim Guidelines for the Protection of Persons Handling Wild Birds With Reference to Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 [NWHC Wildlife Health Bulletin] |
| NWHC: Avian Influenza H5N1 Threat [Fact Sheet] |
| NWHC: Influenza H5N1 [FAQs] |
| NWHC: Sampling/ Data Protocol |
| WDIN: Data System Proposed Core Data Fields |
| Related Links |
| ADF&G - What Hunters Should Know About Avian Influenza [Fact Sheet] |
| FWS: Resources to AI in Wild Birds |
| NWHC: AI Surveillance - Government Initiates [ Fact Sheet] |
| NWHC: Updates and Resources on AI |
| WDIN - Fact Sheet on HEDDS AI Testing Database |
| WDIN: Gateway to AI Resources |
| Presentations |
| Photographs |
| Enter Search Term:
|
| Photographs provided by workshop attendees Please use proper citations if you reference any materials from the workshop |
|
Chronic Wasting Disease in Free-Ranging Wisconsin White-Tailed Deer190 From abstract (free full-text available): Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is degenerative and usually considered to be fatal in White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus), Mule Deer (O. hemionus), and Elk (Cervus elaphus) associated with the presence of transmissible protease-resistant prion proteins (PrPcwd). Although the transmission route of PrPcwd is unknown, it may be transmitted in deer and elk by direct contact or indirectly from the environment. In experiments, clinical signs have appeared... Journal Articles Keywords: Brain Chemistry Chronic Wasting Disease Deer Diagnosis Epidemiology Lymph nodes Prevalence Wisconsin |
|
Chronic Wasting Disease and Potential Transmission to Humans191 Chronic wasting disease (CWD) of deer and elk is endemic in a tri-corner area of Colorado, Wyoming, and Nebraska, and new foci of CWD have been detected in other parts of the United States. Although detection in some areas may be related to increased surveillance, introduction of CWD due to translocation or natural migration of animals may account for some new foci of infection. Increasing spread of CWD has raised concerns about the potential for increasing human exposure to the CWD agent. The f... Illustrations,Issue Overviews, Journal Articles Keywords: Bovine spongiform encephalopathy Chronic Wasting Disease Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome Disease Reservoirs Humans Outbreaks Pharmacology Wildlife disease Wildlife health Zoonoses |
![[PDF]](images/icons/pdf.gif "Adobe Reader File"){kind=icon}
Multi-State Guidelines for Chronic Wasting Disease Management in Free-Rranging White-tailed Deer, Mule Deer, and Elk193An policy signed by participating state fish and wildlife agencies agreeing to formally adopt nonbinding guidelines for managing chronic wasting disease (CWD). This 6-page document provides guidelines on many different aspect of CWD management, including, conducting surveillance, testing, public communications, monitoring captive cervid farms and continuing research funding Management Plans & Reports,Standards & Guidelines, Keywords: Captive deer Chronic Wasting Disease Elk Free-ranging deer Prevention & control Surveillance (monitoring) Waste disposal Wildlife management |
|
USGS Fort Collins Science Center - Chronic Wasting Disease Risk Analysis Workshop: An Integrative Approach200 This summary of the CWD Risk Analysis Workshop outlines the topics covered in presentation and breakout discussions groups. The objectives of the workshop included: 1) Identify and discuss the needs of various government and non-government groups involved in assessing, managing and/or preventing CWD, 2) Identify current gaps in CWD research specifically in relation to information applicable to the risk analysis process, and 3) Construct a general, consensual, framework model that incorporates al... Issue Overviews,Management Plans & Reports, Proceedings Keywords: Captive deer Chronic Wasting Disease CWD certification program Diagnosis Disease transmission Domestic animals Economic factors Epidemiology Herd certification program History Legislation Prevention & Control Risk Assessment Surveillance (monitoring) Wildlife management |
|
Spatial & Temporal Dynamics of Prion Disease in Wildlife: Responses to Changing Land Use - Home Page211 A concise website from the Colorado State University, Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory providing information about their research project , the Spatial & Temporal Dynamics of Prion Disease in Wildlife: Responses to Changing Land Use. The site provides a 27-page research plan outlining the study objectives: 1) Describe mechanisms of CWD transmission between infected and susceptible individuals and determine if environmental sources of infectious prions can contribute to disease transmission. 2... Bibliography & Web Indexes, Issue Overviews, Keywords: Chronic Wasting Disease Environmental factors Research Wildlife management |
|
PrPCWD Lymphoid Cell Targets in Early and Advanced Chronic Wasting Disease of Mule Deer224 ABSTRACT - (Free full-text avialable): Up to 15% of free-ranging mule deer in northeastern Colorado and southeastern Wyoming, USA, are afflicted with a prion disease, or transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE), known as chronic wasting disease (CWD). CWD is similar to a subset of TSEs including scrapie and variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in which the abnormal prion protein isoform, PrP(CWD), accumulates in lymphoid tissue. Experimental scrapie studies have indicated that this early lymph... Journal Articles Keywords: Chronic Wasting Disease Follicular Dendritic Cells Immunology Lymphocytes Macrophages Veterinary medicine |
|
Blue Ribbon Panel External Review of Chronic Wasting Disease Management Policies and Programs in Colorado: Final Report239 Comments and criticisms offered by a panel of chronic wasting disease experts all consolidated into a twelve-page final report evaluating the polices and management actions taken by the Colorado Division of Wildlife as related to CWD in free-ranging cervids. The panel focused on the following disease aspects: surveillance efforts in endemic, non-endemic and newly discovered areas of infection; diagnostic testing standards, and disease management methods, such as regulations on animal transloca... Reports Keywords: Chronic Wasting Disease Culling Eradication Free-ranging cervids Surveillance Testing Wildlife management |
|
Human land use influences chronic wasting disease prevalence in mule deer241 Human alteration of landscapes can affect the distribution, abundance, and behavior of wildlife. This article explains the effects of human land use on the prevalence of chronic wasting disease (CWD) in mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) populations residing in north-central Colorado. With the help of approximating models, researchers were able to estimate CWD prevalence in relation to differences in human land use, sex, and geographic location. (Free full-text available) Journal Articles Keywords: Chronic Wasting Disease Land use Landscape alteration Models Prevalence Sex factors Urbanization Wildlife disease Wildlife health |
|
Economic effects of CWD for Colorado: A policy report250 A Colorado State University policy report on the possible economic impacts of chronic wasting disease (CWD). The involvement of both private and public lands, the activity of government-conducted surveillance testing, and the current trade restrictions, are all factors that add to the complicity of estimating the cost of CWD on Colorado's economy. The goal of the results analysis is to determine which areas will be hit the hardest. Management Plans & Reports Keywords: Chronic Wasting Disease Deer Wildlife disease Wildlife health |
|
Colored, County Map of CWD Detected in Colorado (2002-2003)257 A colored map showing where CWD was detected at the county level in Colorado. The map legend indicates the year CWD was detect (between 2002-2003), the species (elk or deer) and whether the animal collected was the result of a hunter or non-hunter event. This map illustration is posted on the Colorado Division of Wildlife website. Maps Keywords: Chronic Wasting Disease Hunting Map Wildlife disease Wildlife health |
|
Chronic wasting disease in mule deer: disease dynamics and control.271 An individual-based, epidemic model of CWD in mule deer which will serve as the basis for a full spatial model to evaluate large-scale control measures for limiting the distribution of disease in free ranging populations. The model is based on observations taken of cervids infected with CWD in research facilities and in the wild. The conclusion is the route of disease transmission is most likely a lateral transmission, with the CWD agent presumably being shed in saliva, feces, urine, and/or pl... Journal Articles Keywords: Age factors Chronic wasting disease Colorado Immunohistochemistry Models Tonsil Wildlife disease Wildlife health Wildlife management |
|
Epizootiology of chronic wasting disease in free-ranging cervids in Colorado and Wyoming.272 Describes an epidemic model to aid in evaluating basic assumptions about CWD transmission and in forecasting CWD dynamics. Stresses the importance of viewing CWD as an epidemic with a protracted time scale. (Free full-text available) Journal Articles Keywords: Cervidae Chronic wasting disease Colorado Epidemiology Immunohistochemistry Medulla Oblongata Models Prevalence Prevention & control Veterinary medicine Wildlife disease Wildlife health Wildlife management Wyoming |
|
Detection of bias in harvest-based estimates of chronic wasting disease prevalence in mule deer.273 Discusses the issue of bias in determining the proportion of deer infected by chronic wasting disease (CWD) harvested over time within a sampling period depending on the progression of CWD in deer population. Data was used from harvested mule deer sampled in North central Colorado during fall hunting seasons 1996-1998. Concludes a bias may exist especially if using one harvest season to estimate prevalence and recommends testing for bias by estimating prevalence over several time periods or us... Journal Articles Keywords: Age factors Cervidae Chronic wasting disease Colorado Comparative studies Epidemiology Immunohistochemistry Medulla Oblongata Models Pathology Prevalence Sex factors Veterinary medicine Wildlife disease Wildlife health Wildlife management Wyoming |
|
Epidemiology of chronic wasting disease in captive Rocky Mountain elk.280 ABSTRACT - (On-line abstract only):A report of epidemiological observations on two captive Rocky Mountain elk herds in a Colorado wildlife research facility. Describes the depopulation of the first elk herd in 1985 and subsequent decontamination efforts to rid the facility of CWD. In 1986, a second herd of 12 wild-born female calves was acquired. Births and other acquisitions raised the total to 36 by 1987. The history of these elk are followed until death, four necropsy reports confirm the... Journal Articles Keywords: Chronic wasting disease Cohort studies Colorado Elk Genetics Lateral transmission Prion protein Veterinary medicine Wildlife disease Wildlife health |
|
Chronic Wasting Disease of Deer, BSE and the Threat of Scrapie282 (No on-line abstract available): Examines the New Zealand import banding of deer from the United Kingdom in 1989 because of the potential treat of transmitting TDEs (transmissible degenerative encephalopathies). Argues that deer imported before the band will need to be scrutinized closely by veterinary practitioners to prevent the disease from becoming established in the animal population. At the time of this article, there was more of a concern about Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) comin... Journal Articles Keywords: Bovine spongiform encephalopathy Chronic wasting disease Cohort studies Colorado Deer Prevention & control Risk Assessment Scrapie Transportation (animal) Veterinary medicine |
|
Spongiform encephalopathy of Rocky Mountain elk.288 ABSTACT - (On-line abstract only): A disease with striking clinical and pathologic similarities to the spongiform encephalopathies is described in six Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) maintained in wildlife facilities in Colorado and Wyoming. Clinical signs included behavioral alterations and progressive weight loss over a period of weeks or months. Consistent microscopic lesions were limited to the central nervous system and characterized by widespread spongiform transformation of th... Journal Articles Keywords: Amyloid Amyloidosis Blood Brain Chronic wasting disease Colorado Gliosis Metabolism Neurons Pathology Physiology Thalamus Ultrastructure Vacuoles Veterinary Veterinary medicine Wyoming |
|
Chronic Wasting Disease of Captive Mule Deer: A Spongiform Encephalopathy289 From abstract (on-line abstract only): In the past 12 years (1967-79) a syndrome we identify as chronic wasting disease has been observed in 53 mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus hemionus) and one black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus) held in captivity in several wildlife facilities in Colorado and more recently in Wyoming. Clinical signs were seen in adult deer and included behavioral alterations, progressive weight loss and death in 2 weeks to 8 months. Gross necropsy findings includ... Journal Articles Keywords: Brain Chronic wasting disease Pathology Spinal cord Veterinary medicine |
|
Comparison of histological lesions and immunohistochemical staining of proteinase-resistant prion protein in a naturally occurring spongiform encephalopathy of free-ranging mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) with those of chronic wasting disease of captive mule deer291 (Free Full-text available):Describes in detail the nature, topographic distribution, and severity of histological lesions in tissues from major organ systems of free-ranging deer with a naturally occurring spongiform encephalopathy and those of captive deer with CWD. Systems examined include the nervous, lymphatic, digestive, respiratory, cardiovascular, endocrine, musculoskeletal, urogenital as well as the integument, the eyes, and fetal tissues. Finds strong evidence that a naturally occurri... Journal Articles Keywords: Brain Chronic wasting disease Colorado Comparative studies Domestic animals Epidemiology Prevention & control Retrospective studies Spinal cord Veterinary medicine Wildlife Wildlife disease Wildlife health |
|
Prion diseases - US gets tough against chronic wasting disease292 (No on-line abstract available):Discusses proposals by the United States Department of Agriculture to control the spread of chronic wasting disease in farmed elk population in Colorado. Measure include a moratorium on elk movements within the state, quarantining infected herds, implementing an active surveillance program, paying farmers for diseased animals, destruction of carcasses and decontamination of farms. Journal Articles,News Keywords: Age Factors Amyloidosis Brain Cerebral cortex Chronic wasting disease Colorado Deer Disease outbreak Pathology Spinal cord Veterinary medicine Veterninary medicine |
|
Spongiform encephalopathy in free-ranging mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and rocky mountain elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) in northcentral Colorado299 ABSTRACT (On-line abstract only): Between March 1981 and June 1995, a neurological disease characterized histologically by spongiform encephalopathy was diagnosed in 49 free-ranging cervids from northcentral Colorado (USA). Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) were the primary species affected and accounted for 41 (84%) of the 49 cases, but six Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) and two white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) were also affected. Clinical signs included emaciation, excessi... Journal Articles Keywords: Age composition Analysis Case studies Central nervous system Cervidae Chronic wasting disease Colorado Epidemiology Immunohistochemistry Sex ratio Veterinary medicine |
|
Spongiform Encephalopathies in Cervidae304 From abstract (online abstract only): The known host range of naturally-occurring transmissible spongiform encephalopathies has expanded in recent years to include wild ruminants. Chronic wasting disease (CWD) occurs in mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus hemionus) and Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) in Colorado and Wyoming, United States of America. These species belong to the family Cervidae. Cases have occurred primarily in captive animals but a few affected free-ranging animals have b... Journal Articles,Issue Overviews Keywords: Brain diseases Chronic wasting disease Deer Veterinary medicine |
|
Immunolocalization of scrapie amyloid (PrP27-30) in chronic wasting disease of Rocky Mountain elk and hybrids of captive mule deer and white-tailed deer.305 ABSTRACT - (On-line abstract only): Scrapie amyloid-immunoreactive plaques are present in brain tissues of captive mule deer with chronic wasting disease (CWD), a progressive neurological disorder characterized neuropathologically by widespread spongiform change of the neuropil, intracytoplasmic vacuolation in neuronal perikarya and astrocytic hypertrophy and hyperplasia. We report here the immunolocalization of scrapie amyloid (PrP27-30) in plaques observed in brain tissues of Rocky Mountain el... Journal Articles Keywords: Brain Chronic Wasting Disease Colorado Deer Disease outbreak Epidemiology Immunoassays Prevention & control Prion diseases Veterinary medicine Veterninary medicine |
|
Evaluation of antemortem sampling to estimate chronic wasting disease prevalence in free-ranging mule deer315 (Free full-text available): Explores antemorem (live animal) testing of mule deer using free-ranging herds and compares data with estimated CWD from harvest-based survey data. Sampled 2 native deer populations in Northern Colorado during April-June and August-October 2001 while on winter and transitional ranges. Used various tonsillar biopsy sampling techniques from anesthetized deer. Examined biopsies using histopathology and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Concluded tonsillar biopsy IHC appear... Journal Articles Keywords: Chronic wasting disease Colorado General overview Immunohistochemistry Prevalence Tonsil Wildlife disease Wildlife health |
|
Chronic wasting disease in Free-ranging Deer and Elk in Larimer County, Colorado, 1981-1993: Clinical, Pathological, and Epizootiological Observations323 (No on-line abstract available) Proceedings Keywords: Case studies Chronic Wasting Disease Pathology Prion diseases Wildlife disease Wildlife health |
|
Epizootiological Features of Chronic Wasting Disease in Mule Deer and Elk329 (No on-line abstract available): Short informational note which provides basic statistics on the CWD outbreak in captive deer and elk in facilities in Colorado and Wyoming. Reports most affected deer were 3-4 years of age and 90% of deer in the fouley from 1974 to 1985 died of CWD. Proceedings Keywords: Chronic wasting disease Colorado Deer Epidemiology Wyoming |
|
Chronic Wasting Disease: A Spongiform Encephalopathy of Mule Deer and Rocky Mountain Elk in Colorado and Wyoming, USA332 (No on-line abstract available): Summarizes the most significant features of chronic wasting disease in mule deer and elk in terms of clinical signs and lesions. Disease transmission and the affects CWD will have on wildlife management are discussed. Surveillance of both public and private facilities holding and propagating captive cervids and continued research will be needed to control the spread of this disease. Proceedings Keywords: Bovine spongiform encephalopathy Chronic wasting disease Deer Diagnosis Disease transmission Prevention & control Prion protein Scrapie Surveillance (Monitoring) Wildlife management |
|
Survey of Cattle in Northeast Colorado for Evidence of Chronic Wasting Disease: Geographical and High-Risk Targeted Sample362 From abstract (online abstract only): A geographically targeted survey of potentially high-risk, adult cattle in chronic wasting disease (CWD)-endemic areas in Colorado was initiated to assess the possibility of the spread of CWD from deer to cattle under natural conditions. Surveyed cattle were sympatric with free-roaming deer in geographically defined areas where CWD occurs and where CWD prevalence has been estimated. To qualify for inclusion in the survey, cattle had to be at least 4 years ol... Journal Articles Keywords: Brain Cattle Cattle diseases Chronic Wasting Disease Colorado Data collection Diagnosis Epidemiology Geography Risks |
|
Field Validation and Assessment of an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detecting Chronic Wasting Disease in Mule Deer (Odocoileus hemionus), White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus), and Rocky Mountain Elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni)372 From abstract (online abstract only): Tissue samples (n = 25,050 total) from 23,256 mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni), and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) collected statewide in Colorado were examined for chronic wasting disease (CWD) using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay developed by Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. (brELISA), in a 2-phase study. In the validation phase of this study, a total of 4,175 retropharyngeal lymph nodes (RLN) or obex... Journal Articles Keywords: Analysis aspects Chronic wasting disease Deer Immunologic tests Prion diseases Prion protein Veterinary medicine |
|
CWD and neurological disease cluster link investigated.373 (No on-line abstract available) Journal Articles,News Keywords: Bovine spongiform encephalopathy Cervidae Chronic wasting disease Colorado Creutzfeldt-Jakob syndrome Human health Incidence Prevention & control Prion diseases Questionnaires Scrapie Veterinary medicine Wildlife disease Wildlife health |
|
Prion disease: horizontal prion transmission in mule deer.380 ABSTRACT - (Free full-text available): Epidemics of contagious prion diseases can be perpetuated by horizontal (animal to animal) and maternal (dam to offspring, before or after birth) transmission, but the relative importance of each mechanism is unclear. Here we compare the incidence of chronic wasting disease (CWD) in captive mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) that is attributable to horizontal or maternal transmission. We find that horizontal transmission is remarkably efficient, producing a hi... Journal Articles Keywords: Chronic Wasting Disease Cohort studies Colorado Disease transmission Guidelines Horizontal transmission Humans Incidence Kuru Maternal transmission Physiology Prevention & control Prion diseases Risk factors Scrapie Social behavior Therapy Wildlife Zoonoses |
|
Feasibility of 'test-and-cull' for managing chronic wasting disease in urban mule deer.397 From abstract (free full-text available): Strategies for managing chronic wasting disease (CWD) in urban mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) populations are needed in Colorado. We captured, tonsil-biopsied, marked, and tested adult mule deer (n=181) to evaluate the feasibility of conducting an urban ?test-and-cull? program in Estes Park, Colorado. During December 2002 and April?May 2003, we successfully tested 51 (57%) of the estimated 89 male and 130 (50%) of the estimated 261 female mule deer win... Journal Articles Keywords: Chronic Wasting Disease Colorado Prevalence Wildlife disease Wildlife health Wildlife management |
|
Epidemiology of Chronic Wasting Disease in Captive White-tailed and Mule deer398 From abstract (free full-text available): The natural occurrence of chronic wasting disease (CWD) in a 1993 cohort of captive white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) afforded the opportunity to describe epidemic dynamics in this species and to compare dynamics with those seen in contemporary cohorts of captive mule deer (O. hemionus) also infected with CWD. The overall incidence of clinical CWD in white-tailed deer was 82% (nine of 11) among individuals that survived >15 mo. Affected white-ta... Journal Articles Keywords: Age factors Captive deer Chronic Wasting Disease Cohort studies Colorado Deer Epidemiology Species specificity |
|
Potential Economic Impacts of Chronic Wasting Disease in Colorado402 No online abstract available Journal Articles Keywords: Chronic Wasting Disease Colorado Deer Economic factors |
|
Movement patterns and spatial epidemiology of a prion disease in mule deer population units414 ABSTRACT - (Free full-text available): Spatial patterns of disease occurrence across a landscape are likely products of both the ecological processes giving rise to underlying epidemics and the physical pathways of disease spread. Spatially explicit epidemic models often rely on assumptions about system boundaries and processes for spread that may not faithfully represent true patterns of host or vector distribution and movements. As a foundation for future modeling and parameter estimation, we ... Journal Articles Keywords: Chronic Wasting Disease Cluster analysis Disease distribution Disease spread Distribution Home range Migration Prevalence |
|
Low frequency of PrP genotype 225SF among free-ranging mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) with chronic wasting disease415 ABSTRACT - (On-line abstract only): The prion protein (PrP) gene was characterized in 1482 free-ranging mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) from Wyoming and Colorado. Using DNA sequences from 363 deer, dimorphisms at codons 20 (aspartate/glycine) and 225 [serine (S)/phenylalanine (F)] were found; silent changes occurred at codons 131 (tyrosine) and 247 (isoleucine). The remaining samples were surveyed for codon 225 genotype and all were characterized for chronic wasting disease (CWD) infection statu... Journal Articles Keywords: Chronic Wasting Disease Colorado Genotypes Prevalence Wyoming |
|
Relative Vulnerability of Chronic Wasting Disease Infected Mule Deer to Vehicle Collisions.882 From article (free full-text available): We estimated chronic wasting disease (CWD) prevalence among vehicle-killed mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) in select data analysis units (DAUs) in northern Colorado, USA, and compared these with estimated CWD prevalence among mule deer of the same sex sampled in the vicinity of collision sites to assess relative vulnerability of CWD-infected individuals to vehicle collisions. Twenty-five of 171 vehicle-killed mule deer tested positive for CWD (overall pre... Journal Articles Keywords: Colorado Mule deer Surveillance (monitoring) |
|
Epidemiology of Chronic Wasting Disease in Free-ranging Mule Deer: Spatial, Temporal, and Demographic Influences on Observed Prevalence Patterns900 From article (online abstract only): We analyzed chronic wasting disease (CWD) prevalence data from mule deer populations in northcentral Colorado, USA, to discern the likely influences of temporal, spatial, and demographic factors on patterns observed in naturally infected populations. In addition to reaffirming spatial heterogeneity among wintering mule deer subpopulations, we report marked differences in CWD prevalence by sex and age groups as well as clear local trends of increasing prevalen... Journal Articles Keywords: Colorado Demography Prevalence |
|
West Nile Virus Epidemics in North America Are Driven by Shifts in Mosquito Feeding Behavior1191 From abstract (free full-text available): West Nile virus (WNV) has caused repeated large-scale human epidemics in North America since it was first detected in 1999 and is now the dominant vector-borne disease in this continent. Understanding the factors that determine the intensity of the spillover of this zoonotic pathogen from birds to humans (via mosquitoes) is a prerequisite for predicting and preventing human epidemics. We integrated mosquito feeding behavior with data on the population dy... Journal Articles Keywords: American robins Disease spread Disease transmission Feeding behavior Human health Mosquitoes |
|
Colorado Division of Wildlife1198 In addition to managing wildlife the Colorado Division of Wildlife conducts research to improve wildlife management activities, provides technical assistance to private and other public landowners concerning wildlife and habitat management, and develops programs to protect and recover threatened and endangered species. The website provides current wildlife news, resources for landowners and hunters, research project summaries, and educational materials. Fact Sheets,Instruction,News,Issue Overviews,Laws and Regulations,Management Plans and Reports,Maps Keywords: Wildlife management |
|
Chronic Wasting Disease - Prion Disease in the Wild1221 From introduction (full free-text available): In 1967, mule deer in a research facility near Fort Collins, Colorado, in the United States apparently began to react badly to their captivity. At least, that was the guess of researchers working on the natural history and nutrition of the deer, which became listless and showed signs of depressed mood, hanging their heads and lowering their ears. They lost appetite and weight. Then they died?of emaciation, pneumonia, and other complications?or were e... Journal Articles Keywords: Chronic wasting disease Disease spread Disease transmission Prion protein |
|
Sylvatic Plague in the United States1237 Provides a general overview of the plague in the United States. The City and County of Denver web page also includes a World Health Organization map from 1998 showing where plague has been found. A pie chart illustrates the changing incidence of the disease in Colorado. Maps,Issue Overviews Keywords: Disease transmission Epidemiology Prevention & control Sylvatic plague |
|
Genetic Characterization of H3N2 Influenza Viruses Isolated from Pigs in North America, 1977-1999: Evidence for wholly Human and Reassortant virus Genotypes1276 From abstract (online abstract available): Since 1998, H3N2 viruses have caused epizootics of respiratory disease in pigs throughout the major swine production regions of the U.S. These outbreaks are remarkable because swine influenza in North America had previously been caused almost exclusively by H1N1 viruses. We sequenced the full-length protein coding regions of all eight RNA segments from four H3N2 viruses that we isolated from pigs in the Midwestern U.S. between March 1998 and March 1999,... Journal Articles Keywords: Avian Influenza Classification Genetics Influenza A Virus Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype North America Reassortant viruses Swine |
|
First Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) Surveillance of Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus) in the Northern Part of Belgium1485 Abstract (online abstract only): Cases of chronic wasting disease (CWD) in wild cervids have yet not been reported in Europe, whereas the disease is considered enzootic in free-ranging mule deer, Rocky mountain elk and white-tailed deer in the area of Colorado, Wyoming, and Nebraska. New foci of CWD continue to be detected in other parts of the United States. However, no large-scale active epidemiosurveillance of European wild cervids is yet installed in Europe. In accordance with the opinion of... Journal Articles Keywords: Belguim Biological sampling Capreolus Chronic wasting disease Epidemiology Roe deer Surveillance (monitoring) |
|
Epidemiology of Chronic Wasting Disease: PrPres Detection, Shedding and Environmental Contamination 1489 From abstract (free full-text available): Chronic wasting disease (CWD) of deer and elk is unique among the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. Our long-term goal is to better understand the epidemiology of CWD and thus develop strategies for management and control. The specific goals of these studies are to develop sensitive assays for PrP(exp res) as a marker for infectivity, and use these techniques to monitor the dynamics and modes of shedding of PrP(exp res) from orally infected mule... Management Plans and Reports Keywords: Biological sampling Chronic Wasting Disease Colorado Deer Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures Disease detection Elk Environmental sampling Epidemiology Isolation & Purification Microbial contamination Microbial shedding Surveillance (monitoring) Wyoming |
