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READ AND REMOVE THIS PAGE BEFORE PLACING
THE SPECIFICATION SECTION IN THE CONTRACT

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DIVISION 15:  MECHANICAL

SECTION 15260 ‑ PIPING INSULATION

USE:	Furnishing and installing piping insulation within the building.  

NOTES TO SPECIFIER:

	A.	Options within paragraphs are identified by enclosure in brackets; blank spaces enclosed by brackets [_____] provide for information to be inserted, as appropriate, to individual projects.

	B.	TO AVOID CONFLICTING REQUIREMENTS AND COSTLY MISTAKES, the specifier must edit (delete, substitute or add to the text).  The remaining paragraphs must be renumbered.

	C.	DELETE FOR FINAL COPY: Notes to the Specifier, located between lines of asterisks; all [brackets], underlining, boldface, and italics, within the paragraphs; and this page.  (Open Reveal Codes [alt F3] to do this accurately.)

	D.	To Edit “(Footer B)”: (Corel 8).  ENTIRE FOOTER SHOULD BE BOLDED.  Click in the footer and delete the “Project Name (ftr B)” text and replace it with the Name of the Project (upper and lower case).  Replace date with current MM/YY (WITHOUT BRACKETS).

	E.	The Guide Specifications are intended to be continuously reviewed and revised.  User’s technical comments are appreciated.  Also, other related or similar specification that are written “from scratch” that could benefit others, or other questions can be sent to NSTC A/E Group, ST 110, or call (303) 987-6868.

DRAWING DATA REQUIRED: 

REQUIRED SPEC MODIFICATIONS:

GENERAL NOTES

A.	Whenever entire articles, paragraphs or subparagraphs are not applicable, the articles, paragraphs or subparagraphs should be deleted; when necessary, reletter or renumber articles, paragraphs or subparagraphs.

B.	THIS GUIDE IS NOT INTENDED AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR READING THE ENTIRE SECTION.

	TECHNICAL NOTES

A.	1.1A:  Select applicable words.

B.	1.1B:  Select or add applicable specification sections.  Do not list specification sections from Division 15.

C.	1.2:   Select or add applicable references.

D.	1.3A:  Select applicable specification section.

E.	1.3B:  Insert number of copies of the manufacturer's descriptive data required.  Normally 5 copies are required.  Distribution after review is normally 1 copy to the COR, 3 copies to the Contractor, and 1 copy to the project file.

F.	1.3C:  Insert number of copies of shop drawings required.  Normally 5 copies are required.  Distribution after review is normally 1 copy to the COR, 3 copies to the Contractor, and 1 copy to the project file.

G.	1.3D:  Insert number of copies of Certificates of Conformance required.  Normally 3 copies are required.  Distribution after review is normally 1 copy to the COR, 1 copy to the Contractor, and 1 copy to the project file.

H.	2.2A2:  Select applicable class.

I.	2.2A4:  Select applicable class.

J.	2.2A7:  Select applicable words.

K.	2.2B2:  Select applicable thickness.

L.	2.02B3:  Select applicable thickness.

M.	2.2C4:  Select applicable words.

N.	2.2D2:  Select applicable words.

O.	2.2D3:  Select applicable words.

P.	3.2A:  Select applicable words.

Q.	3.2B:  Select applicable words.

R.	3.2C:  Select applicable words.

S.	3.2F:  Select applicable words.

T.	3.2J:  Edit as appropriate for work being done.

U.	3.2K:  Select applicable words.

V.	3.3B1:  Select applicable words.

W.	3.3B3:  Select applicable words.

X.	3.3D:   Select applicable words.

Y.	3.4A:  Select applicable specification section.

Z.	4.1 and 4.2:  When a "lump sum" Contract is used, delete the title PART 4:  MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT, and both articles from this section.  Measurement and payment will be addressed in Part 4  Section 01010 -Summary of Work.

REVISIONS OF THIS SECTION:
CSI format, editorial changes: 12/01
Metric:  
Technical Update: 12/90

SECTION 15260

PIPING INSULATION

PART 1:  GENERAL

1.1  SUMMARY:

	A.	Section Includes:  [Furnishing] [and] [Installing] insulation for water piping within the building.

1.2  REFERENCES:

	A.  American Society for Testing and Materials:
	ASTM B 209‑89	Aluminum and Aluminum‑Alloy Sheet and Plate
	ASTM C 177‑85	Test Method for Steady‑State Heat Flux Measurements and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of the Guarded Hot Plate, Test Method
	ASTM C 195‑90	Mineral Fiber Thermal Insulating Cement 
	ASTM C 196‑87	Expanded or Exfoliated Vermiculite Thermal Insulating Cement
	ASTM C 449‑88	Mineral Fiber Hydraulic‑Setting Thermal Insulating and Finishing Cement
	ASTM C 533‑85	Calcium Silicate Block and Pipe Thermal Insulation
	ASTM C 547‑77	Mineral Fiber Preformed Pipe Insulation

	ASTM C 552‑88	Cellular Glass Thermal Insulation
	ASTM C 612-83	Mineral Fiber Block and Board Thermal Insulation
	ASTM D 1784‑81	Rigid Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Compounds and Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Compounds
	ASTM D 2310‑80	Machine‑Made Reinforced Thermosetting Resin Pipe
	ASTM E 84‑REV A-89	Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials

	B.  Federal Specifications:
	Fed. Spec. L‑P‑535E	Plastic Sheet (Sheeting):  Plastic Strip:  Poly (Vinyl Chloride) and Poly (Vinyl Chloride‑Vinyl Acetate), Rigid
	Fed. Spec. HH‑B‑100B	Barrier Material Vapor (For Pipe, Duct and Equipment Thermal, Insulation)
	Fed. Spec. HH‑I‑573B 	Insulation, Thermal, (Flexible Unicellular Sheet & Int AM 1 and Pipe Covering)
	Fed. Spec. HH‑I‑1030B	Insulation, Thermal (Mineral Fiber, for Pneumatic or Poured Application)

	C.	Manufacturer's Standardization Society of the Valves and Fittings Industry:
	MSS-SP 58‑88		Pipe Hangers and Supports ‑ Materials, Design, and Manufacture
	MSS‑SP 69‑83		Pipe Hangers and Supports ‑ Selection and Application

	D.  Military Specifications:
	Mil. Spec. I‑2781E		Insulation, Pipe, ThermalInt Am 1
	Mil. Spec. A‑3316B		Adhesives, Fire‑Resistant, Thermal Insulation & Am 6
	Mil. Spec. A‑24179A	Adhesive, Flexible Unicellular‑Plastic Thermal& Am 2Insulation
	Mil. Spec. B‑19564B	Bedding Compound, Thermal Insulation Pipe Covering
	Mil. Spec. C‑19565C	Coating Compounds, Thermal Insulation Fire‑ and Water‑Resistant, Vapor Barrier

	E.  National Fire Protection Association:
	NFPA 255‑87		Method of Test of Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials

	F.  Underwriters' Laboratories, Inc.:
	UL 723‑83		Test for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials

1.3  SUBMITTALS:

	A.	General:  Submittals shall be according to [Section 01300 ‑ Submittals.] [and] [Section 01365 - Certificates of Conformance.]

	B.	Manufacturer's Literature:  Submit [    ] copies of the manufacturer's descriptive data for the piping insulation to be used on this project.

	C.	Shop Drawings:  Submit [    ] copies of shop drawings for the piping insulation to be used on this project.  Shop drawings shall show thickness of the insulation.  [A bill of materials shall be furnished with the shop drawings.]  Drawings shall be [same] [larger] scale as the full size Contract Drawings.

	D.	Certificates of Conformance:  Submit [____] copies of written certification from the supplier of the Contractor-furnished piping insulation to be used on this project that it conforms to the requirements of this specification section.

1.4  QUALITY ASSURANCE:

	A.	Labeling Requirements:  Every package or standard container of insulation, jackets, cements, adhesives, and coatings for use must have the manufacturer's stamp or label attached giving name of manufacturer, brand, and description of material.  Insulation packages and containers shall be marked "asbestos‑free."

1.5  PROJECT/SITE CONDITIONS:

	A.	Field Measurements:  Take field measurements to determine section cuts rather than using measurements taken from drawings.

PART 2:  PRODUCTS

2.1  GENERAL:

	A.	Fire Resistance:  Insulation, adhesives, vapor‑barrier materials, and other accessories, except as specified herein, shall be noncombustible.  The materials shall not have a flame‑spread rating more than 25 and a smoke‑developed rating not more than 50 according to NFPA 255, ASTM E 84, or UL 723.

	1.	Materials Tests:  UL label or satisfactory certified test report from an approved testing laboratory will be required to indicate that fire hazard ratings for materials proposed for use do not exceed those specified.  Flame‑proofing treatments subject to deterioration due to effects of moisture or high humidity are not acceptable.

	2.	Material With a Flame‑Spread Rating of 25 or Less but Exempt From Smoke‑Developed Rating:  Flexible unicellular insulation.

2.2  MATERIALS:

	A.  Piping Insulation:

	1.	General:  Insulation exterior shall be cleanable, grease‑resistant, nonflaking and nonpeeling.  Pipe insulation shall conform with the referenced publications and the specified temperature ranges and densities in pounds per cubic foot (pcf).  Insulation for fittings, flanges, and valves shall be premolded, precut, or job‑fabricated insulation of the same thickness and conductivity as used on adjacent piping.  Insulation shall be asbestos-free.

	2.	Mineral Fiber:  Shall be according to ASTM C 547 [Class 1, (450 degrees F max.)] [or] [Class 2, (650 degrees F max.)] [or] [Class 3, (1200 degrees F max.)], preformed, [plain.]  [jacketed.]

	3.	Phenolic Foam:  Essentially chemically neutral phenolic foam (‑40 degrees to +250 degrees F), 3 pcf max.

	4.	Cellular Glass:  Shall be according to ASTM C 552, Type II (pipe and tubing) (‑450 degrees to +800 degrees F), [Class 1 (uncovered)] [or] [Class 2 (jacketed)], 9.5 pcf (avg.) max.

	5.	Calcium Silicate:  Shall be according to ASTM C 533, Type I (1200 degrees F max.), asbestos free.

	6.	Thermal Pipe:  Shall be according to Mil. Spec. MIL‑I‑2781 (1200 degrees F max.), asbestos free.

	7.	Polyurethane:  Shall be limited to installations in outside locations, buried, or encased in concrete (‑30 degrees to +200 degrees F max.).  Factory‑applied closed‑cell polyurethane (3 pcf min.) for pipe and fittings with [PVC] [or] [glass‑fiber‑reinforced plastic] casings.  Provide premolded fitting sections, manufacturer's recommended field foam‑in‑place polyurethane kit, or recommended joining materials for field joints.

	8.	Flexible Unicellular:  Shall be according to Fed. Spec. HH‑I‑573, Class T (35 degrees to 140 degrees F), 1/2 inch max.

	B.  Insulation Jackets:

	1.	Vapor‑Barrier Materials:  Shall be according to Fed. Spec. HH‑B‑100, Type I.  Materials shall be resistant to flame and moisture penetration and not support mold growth.  Provide vapor‑barrier material on insulation in exposed locations with a white surface suitable for painting without sizing.

	2.	Aluminum Jackets:  Shall be according to ASTM B 209, Temper H14, [0.016] [0.020] inch thick, smooth.  Do not use on calcium silicate surfaces or surfaces above 200 degrees F operating temperature.

	3.	Stainless Steel Jacket:  Shall be Type [304] [316], [0.010] [0.016] inch thick, smooth.

	4.	PVC Jackets:  Shall be according to Fed. Spec. L‑P‑535, Composition A, Type II, Grade GU.  One‑piece premolded plastic covers for fittings, flanges, and valves are limited to indoor piping only.

	5.	PVC Casings:  Shall be limited to installations in outside locations and buried or encased in concrete.  Formulate plastic casings used in outside locations with a UV inhibitor.  Fabricate casings of ASTM D 1784, Type 12454‑B PVC, 1/8 inch‑thick minimum, factory‑applied over insulated pipe and fittings.

	C.  Adhesives, Sealants, and Compounds:

	1.	General:  Adhesives, sealants, and compounds shall be compatible with materials to which applied and suitable for the service.

	2.	Vapor Barrier and Jacket Adhesive:  Shall meet Mil. Spec. A‑3316, Class 2.

	3.	Lagging Adhesive:  Shall meet Mil. Spec. A‑3316, Class 1.

	4.	Insulation Cement:  Shall meet [ASTM C 195 (100 to 1600 degrees F), mineral fiber, thermal conductivity 0.85 max. at 200 degrees F mean when tested per ASTM C 177.]  [ASTM C 196 (100 to 1800 degrees F) expanded on exfoliated vermiculite, thermal conductivity 0.95 max. at 200 degrees F mean when tested per ASTM C 177.]  [ASTM C 449 (100 to 1200 degrees F), mineral fiber, thermal conductivity 1.1 maximum at 200 degrees F mean when tested per ASTM C 177.]

	5.	Bedding Compound and Joint Sealer:  Shall meet Mil. Spec. B‑19564.

	6.	Vapor Barrier Coating:  Shall meet Mil. Spec. C‑19565, Type II (indoor only above 60 degrees F).

	7.	Adhesive for Flexible Unicellular Insulation:  Shall meet Mil. Spec. A‑24179, Type II.

	D.  Accessories:

	1.	Staples:  Shall be corrosion‑resistant outside‑clinch type.

	2.	Insulation Bands:  Shall be 3/4‑inch wide; [0.021‑inch galvanized‑steel] [or] [0.018‑inch stainless‑steel] [or] [0.020‑inch aluminum].

	3.	Bands for Metal Jackets:  Shall be 3/8‑inch minimum width; [0.018‑inch stainless‑steel] [or] [0.020‑inch aluminum].

	4.	Vapor‑Barrier Material Tape:  Shall meet Fed. Spec. HH‑B‑100, Type I, pressure‑sensitive adhesive backed.

PART 3:  EXECUTION

3.1  PREPARATION:

	A.	Surface Preparation:  Do not apply insulation until surfaces to be covered have been leak tested, have had rust and scale removed, and have been cleaned, dried, and inspected.

	B.	Application:  Insulation shall be clean and dry when installed and kept dry during finish application.  Wetted insulation will not be approved for installation.  Install materials neatly with smooth and even surfaces with jackets drawn tight and smoothly cemented down on longitudinal and end laps.  Scrap pieces shall not be used where a full‑length section will fit.  Surface finishes shall be extended to protect surfaces, ends, and raw edges of insulation.  Coatings and adhesives shall be applied at the manufacturer's recommended coverage per gallon.

3.2  PIPING:

	A.	General:  Insulate piping and fittings with operating temperatures above 100 degrees F, except flanges, unions, stems and valves.  For operating temperatures above 140 degrees F, insulate flanges, unions, and valves, except stems and operators.  Insulate chilled piping, fittings, flanges, unions, and valves, except stems and operators, with operating temperatures below 60 degrees F, including refrigeration suction lines and chilled waste water lines, including the source trap, to the vertical waste line.  [Insulate domestic [and industrial] cold water piping, fittings, unions, and valves, except stems and operators, with operating temperatures below 60 degrees F.]

	B.	Pipe Insulation (Except Flexible Unicellular):  Install with joints tightly butted.  Overlap longitudinal jacket laps not less than 1‑1/2 inches.  Wrap butt joints with 3‑inch wide strips of the same material as jacket.  Cement jacket laps and butt strips with Mil. Spec. A‑3316, Class 2, adhesive or bedding compound and joint sealer per Mil. Spec. B‑19564 for cellular glass and additionally secure with flared staples on 4‑inch centers outside clinched without complete penetration of insulation.  A factory‑applied self‑sealing system may be used [without staples unless fishmouths develop].  Where vapor barrier jacket on cold or chilled piping is stapled or punctured, the jacket shall be brush‑coated with Mil. Spec. C‑19565, Type II, vapor‑barrier coating.  Adhesive is not required on hot piping jackets when staples are used.

	C.	Flanges, Unions, Valves, and Fittings (Except Flexible Unicellular):  Use premolded, precut, or job‑fabricated insulation of the same thickness and conductivity as used on adjacent piping.  When segments of insulation are used, provide elbows with not less than three segments.  For other fittings and valves, cut segments to required curvature or use nesting size sectional insulation.  Place and join the segments of the insulation with Mil. Spec. A‑3316, Class 2, adhesive.  After the segments are in place, apply Mil. Spec. C‑19565, Type II vapor‑barrier coating.  Where unions, flanges, and valves are [specified] [indicated] not to be insulated, terminate the covering neatly at the ends with insulation cement trowelled on a bevel.  Apply a Mil. Spec. C‑19565 vapor‑barrier coating, Type II, to the beveled ends.  Cover unions and flanges with removable sections of insulation vapor‑barrier‑sealed inside and out with adjacent insulation ends neatly finished and vapor‑barrier‑sealed.

	D.	Chilled Piping in High Humidity Areas:  Only cellular glass insulation shall be used.  Mil. Spec. C‑19565, Type II, vapor‑barrier coating shall be applied to seal insulation ends and around valves, fittings, flanges, and unions.  Vapor barriers shall be provided in long runs of pipe at intervals not to exceed 15 feet.  Provide vapor‑barrier coatings and jackets as specified for insulation jackets below 35 degrees F.

	E.	Flexible Unicellular Insulation:  Flexible unicellular insulation shall not be used in pipe chases and fire walls, nor penetrate fire walls.  Use an adhesive recommended by insulation manufacturer and conforming with Mil. Spec. A‑24179 and apply according to the manufacturer's published instructions.  Bond cuts, butt joints, ends, and longitudinal joints with adhesive.  Miter 90‑degree turns and elbows, tees, and valve insulation.  After adhesive cures, apply 2‑inch wide pressure‑sensitive adhesive vinyl tape over bonded cuts, joints, and ends.  Secure longitudinal joints with vinyl tape on 9‑inch centers.  Where pipes penetrate fire walls, provide mineral‑fiber insulation inserts and sheet‑metal sleeves.  On chilled and cold piping, vapor‑seal flexible unicellular insulation to piping.  Do not apply unicellular insulation in multiple layers.

	F.	Hangers and Anchors:  Continue insulation through pipe hangers and pipe sleeves.  Where anchors or hangers are secured to chilled piping to be insulated, insulate hangers or anchors same as piping for a distance not less than four times insulation thickness to prevent condensation.  Provide MSS‑SP‑58, Type 40 protection shields per MSS‑SP‑69 and insulation inserts at hangers where the pipe is supported by insulation.  For pipe 2 inches and larger, provide insulation inserts at least 12 inches long at hangers and supports.  Inserts shall be treated wood, cork, or 9 pcf minimum density mineral fiber per ASTM C 612, Class 2, for pipe with operating temperature below 60 degrees F.  Provide MSS‑SP‑58, Type 39 protection saddles per MSS‑SP‑69 with insulation filler for pipe with operating temperatures above 60 degrees F.  Saddles shall have sufficient depth for insulation thickness specified and shall have an insulation filler of the same material as the adjacent pipe insulation.  [Saddles for pipe 12 inches and larger shall have center rib.]  Vapor barrier facing of the insert shall be of the same material as the facing on the adjacent insulation.  Seal insulation inserts into the insulation with Mil. Spec. C‑19565 vapor‑barrier coating, Type II.  Provide Fed. Spec. HH‑B‑100, Type I, vapor‑barrier over insulation inserts.

	G.	Sleeves and Wall Chases:  Provide a metal jacket over the insulation on pipe passing through sleeves where caulking is required.  Where penetrating interior walls, extend the metal jacket 2 inches out on either side of the wall and secure on each end with a band.  Where penetrating floors, extend the metal jacket from a point below the back‑up material to a point 10 inches above the floor with one band at the floor and one not more than one inch from end of metal jacket.  Where plumbing pipes are located in wall chases and space does not permit installation of sectional insulation, when approved by the Contracting Officer, pipes may have insulation omitted, if chases are packed full of Fed. Spec. HH‑I‑1030 mineral fiber, Class A (1 percent or less loss on ignition), Type I (pneumatically applied) or Type II (poured) insulation.

	H.	Piping and Ductwork:  Insulate piping and ductwork separately.

	I.	Fire Protection Piping:  Except where indicated, omit insulation on piping used solely for fire protection.

	J.	Pipe Insulation Thickness:  Insulation thickness shall conform to Table 1, except for flexible unicellular insulation (1/2‑inch max.).  Provide one inch thicker insulation on above grade piping in outside locations.

TABLE 1

PIPE INSULATION THICKNESS (Inches Nominal)

Calcium Silicate (CS), cellular glass (CG), flexible unicellular (FU), polyurethane (PU), mineral fiber (MF), and thermal pipe (TP), phenolic foam (PF).

TEMPERATURES							PIPE DIAMETERS 
(degrees F)                                        (inches)
                          	0.25‑1.25	1.5‑3	3.5‑5	6‑10

Minus 30 to Zero

	MF, PU & PF				1.5			2		2.5		2.5

	CG						2			2.5		3		3

Zero to 34

	MF, PU, & PF				1.5			1.5		2		2
	CG						2			2		2.5		2.5

35 to 59     

	MF, PU, & PF				1			1		1.5		1.5

	CG						1			1.5		1.5		1.5

	FU*						0.5			0.5		0.5		0.5

60 to 200

	MF, PU, & PF				1			1.5		1.5		2

	CG						1.5			1.5		1.5		2

	CS & TP				1.5			1.5		1.5		2

	FU* (140 max.)			0.5			0.5		0.5		0.5

TABLE 1 (Continued)

PIPE INSULATION THICKNESS (Inches Nominal)

Calcium Silicate (CS), cellular glass (CG), flexible unicellular (FU), polyurethane (PU), mineral fiber (MF), and thermal pipe (TP), phenolic foam (PF).

TEMPERATURES							PIPE DIAMETERS 
(degrees F)                                        (inches) 
                      	0.25 ‑ 1.25      	1.5 ‑ 3	3.5 ‑ 5	6 ‑ 10

201 to 250

	MF & PF				2				2		2.5		2.5

	CG					2				2.5		3		3.5

	CS & TP				2				3		3		3.5

251 to 375

	MF					2.5				3		4		4

	CG					2.5				3		4		4

	CS & TP				2.5				3		4		4

376 to 500                

	MF					3				3.5		4.5		5

	CS & TP				3				3.5		4.5		5

501 to 700

	MF					3				3.5		4.5		5

	CS & TP				3				3.5		4.5		5

TABLE 1 (Continued)

PIPE INSULATION THICKNESS (Inches Nominal)

Calcium Silicate (CS), cellular glass (CG), flexible unicellular (FU), polyurethane (PU), mineral fiber (MF), and thermal pipe (TP), phenolic foam (PF).

TEMPERATURES							PIPE DIAMETERS 
(degrees F)                                        (inches) 
                            0.25 ‑ 1.25		1.5 ‑ 3	3.5 ‑ 5	6 ‑ 10

701 to 900   

	MF (850 max.)			3.5				4.5		6		6.5

	CS & TP				3.5				4		5		6.5

901 to 1200

	CS & TP				4				6		7		8

*1/2 inch max.

	K.	Buried Piping Insulation:  Insulate buried piping [200 degrees F or below] with factory‑applied [mineral fiber] [calcium silicate,] [cellular glass,] [or] [polyurethane] with factory‑applied [PVC] [or] [glass‑fiber‑reinforced plastic] casing adhered and sealed to pipe [and fittings].  Field‑assembled casing joints and casing to insulation adhesive and sealing shall be made with manufacturer‑recommended joining, sealing, and adhesive materials.  Joints in casings shall be sealed weathertight.

	L.	Expansion Clearances:  At points where pipe will move during expansion and contraction (expansion joints, Z‑bends, expansion loops, and ells), clearances between the pipe and encased insulation shall be sized to permit full pipe movement without cracking or damaging insulation and casing or jacket.

3.3  INSULATION VAPOR BARRIER COVERING OR JACKETS:

	A.	General:  Provide Fed. Spec. HH‑B‑100, Type I, vapor barrier covering for piping.  Vapor barrier surfaces shall be suitable for painting.

	B.  Piping:

	1.	Metal Jackets:  Provide metal jackets on piping insulation in outside locations to include piping exposed in piers, or where otherwise indicated.  Metal jackets shall have side and end laps at least 2 inches wide with the cut edge of the side lap turned under one inch to provide a smooth edge.  Place laps to shed water.  Seal laps on chilled and cold piping with vapor barrier and weatherproof coating.  Secure jackets in place with [aluminum] [or] [stainless steel] bands on 9‑inch centers or [aluminum] [or] [stainless steel] screws on 5‑inch centers.  Where pipes penetrate exterior walls, continue the increased thickness required for piping exposed to weather and the metal jackets through the sleeve to a point 2 inches beyond the interior surface of the wall.  Do not apply metal jackets to buried or encased in concrete insulated piping or piping in tunnels.

	2.	Flexible Unicellular Insulation:  Apply two coats of vinyl lacquer finish to flexible unicellular insulation in outside locations.  Vapor‑barrier or metal jackets are not required on flexible unicellular insulation.

	3.	PVC or Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic Casings [With UV Inhibitor]:  Application as specified in paragraph, Buried Piping Insulation.

	C.  Fittings, Flanges, and Valves in Indoor Locations:

	1.	Below Zero Degrees F:  Wrap surfaces with pressure‑sensitive adhesive vinyl plastic tape with a vapor permeability of not over 0.05 perms.  Tape shall lap 1/2 inch on each wrap and shall extend at least 2 inches over jacket of adjacent pipe insulation.  Apply two coats of manufacturer's recommended vapor‑barrier compound over the tape with each coat applied to a minimum wet film thickness of 1/16‑inch, and with a single layer of glass cloth or tape, 20 x 20 mesh, embedded between two coats.

	2.	Zero Degrees to 60 Degrees F:  Apply a minimum wet film thickness of 1/16‑inch coating of manufacturer's recommended vapor‑barrier compound.  Embed a single layer of cloth or tape, 20 x 20 mesh, into the wet coat.  The fabric shall be drawn smooth and tight with a 2‑inch overlap at all joints.  When the first coat is dry, apply a final coat of vapor‑barrier 1/16‑inch minimum wet film thickness.

	3.	Thirty-five Degrees F to 150 Degrees F:  PVC covers shall be used only for piping with line temperatures of plus 35 degrees F and above and where ambient temperature surrounding the PVC covers will not exceed 150 degrees F. One‑piece premolded PVC fitting and valve covers may be used in lieu of finishes specified for fittings, flanges, and valves in indoor locations.  Install and seal according to the manufacturer's recommendations.

	4.	Above 60 Degrees F:  Apply one coat of Mil. Spec. A‑3316, Class 2, adhesive and embed a single layer of open‑weave glass cloth or tape, 20 x 20 mesh, into the wet adhesive.  When dry, apply a second coat of adhesive.

	D.	Fittings, Flanges, and Valves in Outside Locations:  Finish elbows and curved piping with factory‑fabricated coverings of metal jackets or plastic casings with UV inhibitor.  Finish tees, flanges, and valves with coverings of metal jackets or plastic casings with UV inhibitor.  Coverings shall be same thickness and material as jackets or not less than casing thickness on adjacent piping.  Secure seams or ends of coverings in place with [stainless steel] [aluminum] bands and seal with manufacturer's recommended weatherproof coating.  Finish fittings, flanges, and valves on cold pipe as required for piping exposed in buildings prior to any other finish.  Protect fittings, flanges, and valves with a weatherproof coating prior to installation of coverings.

3.4  PAINTING:

	A.	General:  Painting shall be according to [Section 09910] ‑ Exterior Painting.]  [and] [Section 09920 - Interior Painting.]

PART 4:  MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT

4.1  METHOD OF MEASUREMENT:

	A.	Units:  The work described in this section will not be measured for payment.

4.2  BASIS OF PAYMENT:

	A.	Payment:  No direct payment for the work described under this section will be made.  The Contractor shall include consideration for this item in the bid price for other items of the Contract.

END OF SECTION