202003kahwad0journalOriginalKahl, H.[Heike]Wadewitz, T.[Tino]Winkelmann, J.[Jochen]J. Chem. Eng. Data20032003-06-30Surface Tension of Pure Liquids and Binary Liquid MixturesThe pendant drop method, combined with efficient temperature control of the measuring cell, allows high precision in surface tension measurements. The surface tensions of heptane, toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide, cyclohexane, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, and propanone were measured as a function of temperature using the pendant drop method. The results were compared with literature data. The surface tension and density of toluene + heptane and N,N-dimethylformamide + toluene at atmospheric pressure were measured over a temperature range. Gibbs excess surface concentrations are derived from the experimental surface tensions, and the influence of activity coefficients is discussed.surface tensiondensitiespure liquidbinary liquid mixturespendant drop shape48580-5861heptaneC7H161Commercial source1992Gas chromatography2Molecular sieve treatment20.011(Karl Fischer titration)2tolueneC7H81Commercial source199.53Gas chromatography2Molecular sieve treatment20.031(Karl Fischer titration)3N,N-dimethylformamideC3H7NO1Commercial source199.53Gas chromatography2Molecular sieve treatment20.152(Karl Fischer titration)4cyclohexaneC6H121Commercial source199.53Gas chromatography2Molecular sieve treatment20.152(Karl Fischer titration)5N-methyl-2-pyrrolidoneC5H9NO1Commercial source199.53Gas chromatography2Molecular sieve treatment20.11(Karl Fischer titration)6propanoneC3H6O1Commercial source199.53Gas chromatography2Molecular sieve treatment20.21(Karl Fischer titration)11Principal objective of the workJCEJCE12/09/20021Surface tension liquid-gas, N/mPendant drop shapeLiquidDirect value, XLiquidAir at 1 atmosphere1Temperature, K1277.9351.0217341282.8351.0211841287.8151.020741292.8151.0201741297.8251.0196341302.8351.0191541307.8651.0186841312.8651.0181741317.8651.0177641322.8651.0172241327.8851.0166841332.9151.0162141337.8851.0157941342.9251.01529411Principal objective of the workRDCTRC5/19/20031Mass density, kg/m3Vibrating tube methodLiquidDirect value, XLiquid1Temperature, K2Pressure, kPa1278.1552101.341696.341283.1552101.341692.241288.1552101.34168841293.1552101.341683.841298.1552101.341679.541303.1552101.341675.241308.1552101.341670.941313.1552101.341666.541318.1552101.341662.141323.1552101.341657.741328.1552101.341653.241333.1552101.341648.7421Principal objective of the workJCEJCE12/09/20021Surface tension liquid-gas, N/mPendant drop shapeLiquidDirect value, XLiquidAir at 1 atmosphere1Temperature, K1277.8551.0301141287.8151.0289341297.8251.0277641302.8351.0271741307.8651.026641312.8751.0260341317.8651.0254641327.8851.0242941337.8851.02322421Principal objective of the workRDCTRC5/19/20031Mass density, kg/m3Vibrating tube methodLiquidDirect value, XLiquid1Temperature, K2Pressure, kPa1278.1552101.341880.341283.1552101.341875.941288.1552101.341871.441293.1552101.341866.941298.1552101.341862.441303.1552101.341857.841308.1552101.341853.241313.1552101.341848.641318.1552101.341843.941323.1552101.341839.241328.1552101.341834.541333.1552101.341829.8431Principal objective of the workJCEJCE12/09/20021Surface tension liquid-gas, N/mPendant drop shapeLiquidDirect value, XLiquidAir at 1 atmosphere1Temperature, K1277.8551.0381641287.8151.0369641297.8251.0358341307.8651.0346541317.8651.0333741327.8951.0320341327.8851.03203431Principal objective of the workRDCTRC5/19/20031Mass density, kg/m3Vibrating tube methodLiquidDirect value, XLiquid1Temperature, K2Pressure, kPa1278.1552101.34196341283.1552101.341958.341288.1552101.341953.741293.1552101.341949.141298.1552101.341944.541303.1552101.341939.941308.1552101.341935.441313.1552101.341930.941318.1552101.341926.341323.1552101.341921.741328.1552101.341917.941333.1552101.341913.2441Principal objective of the workJCEJCE12/09/20021Surface tension liquid-gas, N/mPendant drop shapeLiquidDirect value, XLiquidAir at 1 atmosphere1Temperature, K1279.3351.0263741282.8251.0259941287.8151.0253441297.8251.024241307.8651.0230241317.8651.0218441327.8851.0207141337.9351.01957451Principal objective of the workJCEJCE12/09/20021Surface tension liquid-gas, N/mPendant drop shapeLiquidDirect value, XLiquidAir at 1 atmosphere1Temperature, K1277.8451.0426141287.851.0413541297.8151.0402541307.8551.039141317.8551.0379141327.8951.036841337.8851.03566461Principal objective of the workJCEJCE12/19/20021Surface tension liquid-gas, N/mPendant drop shapeLiquidDirect value, XLiquidAir at 1 atmosphere1Temperature, K1287.8151.0239441297.8251.0227841307.8651.0215941317.8651.0203341327.8851.0190142111Principal objective of the workJCEJCE12/10/20021Surface tension liquid-gas, N/mPendant drop shapeLiquidDirect value, XLiquidAir at 1 atmosphereTemperature, K287.8151Mole fraction1Liquid1001.0289341.29931.0244941.44931.0233841.59531.0224141.74931.0215841141.020742111Principal objective of the workJCEJCE12/10/20021Surface tension liquid-gas, N/mPendant drop shapeLiquidDirect value, XLiquidAir at 1 atmosphereTemperature, K297.8251Mole fraction1Liquid1001.0277641.1531.0251641.29931.0234741.44931.0221741.59531.0213541.74931.0205641141.0196342111Principal objective of the workJCEJCE12/10/20021Surface tension liquid-gas, N/mPendant drop shapeLiquidDirect value, XLiquidAir at 1 atmosphereTemperature, K307.8651Mole fraction1Liquid1001.026641.1531.0240841.29931.0224241.44931.0212341.59531.0203141.74931.0196241141.0186842111Principal objective of the workJCEJCE12/10/20021Surface tension liquid-gas, N/mPendant drop shapeLiquidDirect value, XLiquidAir at 1 atmosphereTemperature, K317.8651Mole fraction1Liquid1001.0254641.1531.0230341.29931.0213941.44931.0202841.59531.0193741.74931.0186241141.0177642111Principal objective of the workJCEJCE12/10/20021Surface tension liquid-gas, N/mPendant drop shapeLiquidDirect value, XLiquidAir at 1 atmosphereTemperature, K327.8851Mole fraction1Liquid1001.0242941.1531.0220541.29931.0204441.44931.0193141.59531.0184341.74931.0176641141.0166842111Principal objective of the workJCEJCE12/18/20021Mass density, kg/m3Vibrating tube methodLiquidDirect value, XLiquidPressure, kPa101.341Mole fraction1Liquid2Temperature, K1002278.1551880.341.1532278.1551843.741.29932278.1551811.341.44932278.155178241.59532278.1551756.441.74932278.1551732.641142278.1551696.341002283.1551875.941.1532283.1551839.341.29932283.155180741.44932283.1551777.841.59532283.1551752.241.74932283.1551728.441142283.1551692.241002288.1551871.441.1532288.1551834.941.29932288.1551802.741.44932288.1551773.541.59532288.1551747.941.74932288.1551724.241142288.155168841002293.1551866.941.1532293.1551830.541.29932293.1551798.341.44932293.1551769.141.59532293.1551743.641.74932293.1551719.941142293.1551683.841002298.1551862.441.1532298.155182641.29932298.1551794.141.44932298.1551764.741.59532298.1551739.241.74932298.1551715.641142298.1551679.541002303.1551857.841.1532303.1551821.541.29932303.1551789.441.44932303.1551760.341.59532303.1551734.841.74932303.1551711.241142303.1551675.241002308.1551853.241.1532308.155181741.29932308.1551784.941.44932308.1551755.841.59532308.1551730.441.74932308.1551706.841142308.1551670.941002313.1551848.641.1532313.1551812.441.29932313.1551780.441.44932313.1551751.341.59532313.1551725.941.74932313.1551702.441142313.1551666.541002318.1551843.941.1532318.1551807.841.29932318.1551775.841.44932318.1551746.841.59532318.1551721.441.74932318.1551697.941142318.1551662.141002323.1551839.241.1532323.1551803.141.29932323.1551771.241.44932323.1551742.241.59532323.1551716.941.74932323.1551693.441142323.1551657.741002328.1551834.541.1532328.1551798.541.29932328.1551766.541.44932328.1551737.641.59532328.1551712.341.74932328.1551688.841142328.1551653.241002333.1551829.841.1532333.1551793.841.29932333.1551761.841.44932333.155173341.59532333.1551707.741.74932333.1551684.241142333.1551648.743121Principal objective of the workJCEJCE12/10/20021Surface tension liquid-gas, N/mPendant drop shapeLiquidDirect value, XLiquidAir at 1 atmosphereTemperature, K287.8151Mole fraction2Liquid1001.0369641.150241.0352241.341.0334241.449241.0321541.599841.031241.754841.0301741151.0289343121Principal objective of the workJCEJCE12/10/20021Surface tension liquid-gas, N/mPendant drop shapeLiquidDirect value, XLiquidAir at 1 atmosphereTemperature, K297.8251Mole fraction2Liquid1001.0358341.150241.0339741.341.032541.449241.0310441.599841.0300441.754841.0291741151.0277643121Principal objective of the workJCEJCE12/10/20021Surface tension liquid-gas, N/mPendant drop shapeLiquidDirect value, XLiquidAir at 1 atmosphereTemperature, K307.8651Mole fraction2Liquid1001.0346541.150241.0328441.341.031241.449241.0298641.599841.0289841.754841.0280641151.026643121Principal objective of the workJCEJCE12/10/20021Surface tension liquid-gas, N/mPendant drop shapeLiquidDirect value, XLiquidAir at 1 atmosphereTemperature, K317.8651Mole fraction2Liquid1001.0333741.150241.031741.341.0302141.449241.0287741.599841.0276141.754841.0268541151.0254643121Principal objective of the workJCEJCE12/10/20021Surface tension liquid-gas, N/mPendant drop shapeLiquidDirect value, XLiquidAir at 1 atmosphereTemperature, K327.8851Mole fraction2Liquid1001.0320341.150241.030541.341.0290441.449241.0276241.599841.0265941.754841.025741151.0242943121Principal objective of the workJCEJCE12/18/20021Mass density, kg/m3Vibrating tube methodLiquidDirect value, XLiquidPressure, kPa101.341Mole fraction2Liquid2Temperature, K1002278.155196341.150242278.1551949.141.342278.1551935.741.449242278.1551923.141.599842278.155191141.754842278.1551898.941152278.1551880.341002283.1551958.341.150242283.1551944.441.342283.1551931.141.449242283.1551918.641.599842283.1551906.541.754842283.1551894.541152283.1551875.941002288.1551953.741.150242288.1551939.941.342288.1551926.641.449242288.1551914.141.599842288.155190241.754842288.155189041152288.1551871.441002293.1551949.141.150242293.1551935.341.342293.155192241.449242293.1551909.541.599842293.1551897.541.754842293.1551885.541152293.1551866.941002298.1551944.541.150242298.1551930.641.342298.1551917.441.449242298.155190541.599842298.1551892.941.754842298.1551880.941152298.1551862.441002303.1551939.941.150242303.1551926.141.342303.1551912.941.449242303.1551900.441.599842303.1551888.441.754842303.1551876.441152303.1551857.841002308.1551935.441.150242308.1551921.541.342308.1551908.341.449242308.1551895.941.599842308.1551883.841.754842308.1551871.841152308.1551853.241002313.1551930.941.150242313.155191741.342313.1551903.841.449242313.1551891.341.599842313.1551879.241.754842313.1551867.241152313.1551848.641002318.1551926.341.150242318.1551912.441.342318.1551899.241.449242318.1551886.741.599842318.1551874.641.754842318.1551862.541152318.1551843.941002323.1551921.741.150242323.1551907.841.342323.1551894.641.449242323.155188241.599842323.1551869.941.754842323.1551857.941152323.1551839.241002328.1551917.941.150242328.1551903.341.342328.1551890.141.449242328.1551877.541.599842328.1551865.341.754842328.1551853.241152328.1551834.541002333.1551913.241.150242333.155189941.342333.1551885.741.449242333.155187341.599842333.1551860.741.754842333.1551848.541152333.1551829.84