nsaclass,label,name,age,description,sources
,QTwd,"Dikes, Hypabyssal and plutonic rocks","Pleistocene, Pliocene, Miocene, or Oligocene",Chiefly andesite and dacite,"Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
99,bu,Bedrock of unknown type or age,,Areas that air photo interpretation suggest as being underlain by bedrock.  Typically are of higher elevation than surrounding glacial deposits and show hints of structure.  Also includes rubble of metasiltstone and chert in the Kantishna River quadrangle and other areas of unknown bedrock ,"Wilson, F.H., Dover, J.H., Bradley, D.C., Weber, F.R., Bundtzen, T.K., and Haeussler, P.J., 1998, Geologic map of Central (Interior) Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-133, 3 sheets, scale 1:500,000, 63 p. pamphlet, 13 p. appendix."
100,Qs,"Surficial deposits, undifferentiated",Quaternary,"Unconsolidated silt, sand, and gravel of fluvial, glacial, colluvial, and other origins","Wilson, F.H., Dover, J.H., Bradley, D.C., Weber, F.R., Bundtzen, T.K., and Haeussler, P.J., 1998, Geologic map of Central (Interior) Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-133, 3 sheets, scale 1:500,000, 63 p. pamphlet, 13 p. appendix."
105,Qa,Alluvium,Holocene,In active streambeds and lowest terraces along larger streams and active alluvial fans.  Chiefly well sorted gravel and sand; minor silt and boulders,"Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
107,Qu,"Slope deposits, undifferentiated",Holocene and Pleistocene,"Colluvium consisting of talus and small landslides, also includes small glacial, rock glacier, and alluvial deposits.  Sand, gravel, boulders, diamicton, and rubble","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
107,Qcb,Bluff colluvium,Holocene,"Occurs along high steep bluffs of the Copper River and its principal tributaries.  Locally includes small areas of the Copper River deposits (Qcr) and the drift of older glaciations (Qg).  Unsorted silt, sand, gravel, and boulders","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
108,Ql,Landslide deposits,Holocene and Pleistocene,"Slumps, earth-debris flows, block glides, and debris avalanches.  Diamicton and rubble","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
109,Qao,Older alluvium,Holocene and Pleistocene,"In higher terraces along larger streams and in inactive alluvial fans.  Predominantly of Pleistocene age, but may include localized Holocene deposits.  Chiefly well sorted gravel and sand; minor silt and boulders","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
112,Qfl,Fine-grained deposits,Holocene,"In ponds, swamps, lagoons, and along low-gradient streams.  Chiefly silt, clay, fine sand, peat, and other organic material","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
115,Qb,Beach and delta deposits,Holocene,"Wave-deposited, coarse-grained material and driftwood along seacoast; fine-grained sediment in mud flats of Copper River Delta; and marine uplift terraces.  Successive spit-building episodes of progressive gradation are preserved in beach sequences along coastal lowland between Cape Yakataga and Bering Glacier.  Boulders, gravel, sand, and silt","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
116,Qfl,Fine-grained deposits,Holocene,"In ponds, swamps, lagoons, and along low-gradient streams.  Chiefly silt, clay, fine sand, peat, and other organic material","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
118,Qms,Mineral spring deposits,Holocene,"Deposited by warm, Na-HCO3-rich, CO2-charged, saline spring waters forming the Klawasi Group (Shrub, Upper Klawasi, and Lower Klawasi mud volcanoes) (Motyka and others, 1989) located west of Mount Drum.  Also includes one or more inactive deposits west of Capital Mountain; a methane-charged mineral spring found on Copper River's east bank near Copper Center.  Mud and clayey-silt","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
120,Qe,Eolian deposits,Holocene,"Dunes on tops of river bluffs, windblown flats, and river bars.  Includes informally named Bremner sand dunes, a large barchan field, located at confluence of Bremner and Copper Rivers.  Fine-grained sand","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
124,Qcr,Copper River deposits,Pleistocene,"Interbedded glaciolacustrine, glacial, and alluvial deposits.  Includes deposits of glacial Lake Atna (Nichols, 1989; Williams and Galloway, 1986); historically complex basin built from numerous lake stages in response to multiple glacial advances and retreats.  Locally overlain by small fine-grained alluvium and pond deposits (Qfl).  Interbedded by the Mount Wrangell valley-fill lavas (Qwwv) along western margin of Mount Wrangell, especially in Chetaslina River valley area.  Clay-pebble silt and diamicton, containing local to regionally distributed beds of gravel and sand","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
126,,Superglacial drift,Holocene,Superglacial drift on present day glaciers.,"Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
127,Qrg,Rock glacier deposits,Holocene,Well-defined lobate forms that may include glacier ice cores.  Chiefly blocks of rubble,"Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
130,Qag,Drift of Alaskan glaciation,Holocene,"Neoglacial deposits of end, lateral, and ground moraines, kames and outwash proximal to present glaciers; includes small rock glaciers.  Diamicton, local gravel, and sand","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
135,Qg,Drift of older glaciations,Pleistocene,"Wisconsin glaciation and older end, lateral, and ground moraines local kames, kame-like deposits, and outwash.  Also includes the glaciolacustrine deposits (Qcr) near complex interface with glacial Lake Atna in lower Chitina River valley.  Chiefly diamicton, local gravel and sand","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
301,Qwws,"Shield lavas, Mount Wrangell volcano","Holocene and Pleistocene, 0.65 Ma and younger","Chiefly andesitic flows.  Hundreds of voluminous andesitic lavas flowed for 650,000 years, concluding 25,000 years ago; one or two undated flows might be younger","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
301,Qwwv,"Valley-fill lavas, Mount Wrangell volcano","Holocene and Pleistocene, 0.65 Ma and younger",Lavas filled deeply incised glacial valleys cutting into the thick shield lavas (Qwws).  A few far-reaching flows interbedded with the Copper River deposits (Qcr); chiefly andesite,"Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
301,Qwd,"Lava flows, Mount Drum volcano","Pleistocene, 0.6-0.2 Ma",Andesite and dacite flows; dikes.  Constructed during andesitic cone( or shield) building and rhyolite-dacite ring dome emplacement cycles.  A late (0.25 Ma) cataclysmic eruption destroyed top and south sides,"Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
301,Qwc,"Shield and intracaldera lavas, Capital Mountain volcano","Pleistocene, 1.0 Ma","Chiefly andesite. Small andesitic shield and summit caldera intruded at center by an andesite plug, focal point of a spectacular radial basaltic andesitic dike swarm","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
312,Qvd,Volcanic debris flows,Pleistocene,"Chetaslina volcanic mass-flow deposit, probably sourced from Mount Drum, exposed along Chetaslina and Copper Rivers; Sanford volcanic debris flow exposed along Sanford and Copper Rivers.  Large blocks of lava and varied debris","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
314,Qpf,Pyroclastic flows,Pleistocene,"The extensive informally named Nadina hot avalanche deposit resulting from Mount Drum's cataclysmic eruption and a smaller pyroclastic flow (0.3 Ma) possibly derived during an explosive episode from Mount Drum deposited at Chetaslina River's two forks.  Abundant bombs, scoria, pumice, and ash; lesser andesite and dacite blocks","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
316,Qws,"Lava flows, Mount Sanford volcano","Pleistocene, 0.9-0.5 Ma","Chiefly andesite and dacite. Height and extensive ice cover limit understanding of volcanic structure.  Edifice, apparently sourced from three major vents, is an intermingled complex of lava flows and domes, predominantly andesite","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
320,Qbc,"Cinder cones, flows, and tuffs",Pleistocene,Olivine basalt and basaltic andesite,"Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
355,Qwj,"Shield and intracaldera lavas, Mount Jarvis volcanoes","Pleistocene, 1.7-1.0 Ma",Extensive flat-lying andesitic flows.  North-trending linear succession of centers including at least two summit calderas and eroded andesitic shields; satellite dacite domes and flows,"Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
401,Qwdr,"Domes, Mount Drum volcano","Pleistocene, 0.6-0.2 Ma",Dacite and rhyolite domes; associated flows and dikes,"Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
401,Qwsr,"Rhyolite dome and flow, Mount Sanford volcano","Pleistocene, 0.9-0.5 Ma",Thick far-ranging flow (0.6 Ma) probably sourced from northeast flank dome ,"Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
401,Qwjd,"Domes, Mount Jarvis volcanoes","Pleistocene, 1.7-1.0 Ma",Final stage deposition at chain's north end; dacite,"Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
402,Qwcr,"Central andesite plug, rhyolite laccolith and dike, Capital Mountain volcano","Pleistocene, 1.0 Ma",Plug represents final activity; dike originated from laccolith on shield's southeast flank,"Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
451,QTwt,"Shield and intracaldera lavas, Tanada Peak volcano","Pleistocene and Pliocene, 1.8-0.9 Ma","Andesite flows and local agglutinates.  Large shield and remnant summit caldera, stripped by erosion, remaindered to thick, massive intracaldera lavas as serrated topographic highs","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
452,QTwi,"Flows of the Ice Fields Plateau, Older volcanic and sedimentary rocks","Pleistocene, Pliocene, or Miocene",Massive dacite and high-silica andesite lavas capping Ice Fields Plateau east of Nabesna Glacier,"Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
455,QTw,"Lava flows and sedimentary rocks, Older volcanic and sedimentary rocks","Pleistocene, Pliocene, or Miocene","Flat-lying andesite and dacite lava flows; a Tertiary tillite and the fossil-rich conglomeratic sandstone Frederika Formation.  Boomerang (<1.0 Ma), Chetaslina (1.6-0.8 Ma), Skookum Creek (3.2-2.0 Ma), Mount Blackburn (4.3-3.2 Ma), and other Early Quaternary to Late Tertiary volcanic centers.  Sedimentary rocks crop out at base of Wrangell Lava","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
465,QTwr,"Domes and intrusive rocks, Older volcanic and sedimentary rocks","Pleistocene, Pliocene, or Miocene",Chiefly dacite and rhyolite,"Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
565,QTy,Yakataga Formation,"Holocene(?), Pleistocene, Pliocene, and Miocene","Mudstone, siltstone, sandstone, and diamictite in a diverse marine and glacio-marine clastic continental shelf deposit.  Abundant mega- and micro-fauna","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
675,Tps,Poul Creek Formation,"early Miocene(?, Oligocene, and late Eocene(?)","Concretionary marine siltstone, claystone, sandstone, and conglomerate, minor basaltic tuff, and locally glauconitic.  Includes part of the clastic Redwood Formation and, as mapped, forms part of Robinson Mountains north of Cape Yakataga","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
680,Tps,Poul Creek Formation,"early Miocene(?, Oligocene, and late Eocene(?)","Concretionary marine siltstone, claystone, sandstone, and conglomerate, minor basaltic tuff, and locally glauconitic.  Includes part of the clastic Redwood Formation and, as mapped, forms part of Robinson Mountains north of Cape Yakataga","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
810,Tt,Tokun Formation,Eocene,Shallow marine concretionary siltstone and minor sandstone,"Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
820,Tk,Kulthieth Formation,Eocene and early Paleocene(?),"Interbedded nonmarine carbonaceous sandstone, siltstone, shale, and minor coal; sparse warm-water marine molluscan megafauna and locally abundant subtropical plant fossils.  Includes small occurrences of the siltstone-rich Stillwater Formation east of Steller Glacier, the siltstone of Oily Lake of Plafker (1987), and the basalt of Hubbs Creek of Plafker and others (1987) found in Samovar Hills, a Malaspina Glacier nunatak","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
860,Tk,Kulthieth Formation,Eocene and early Paleocene(?),"Interbedded nonmarine carbonaceous sandstone, siltstone, shale, and minor coal; sparse warm-water marine molluscan megafauna and locally abundant subtropical plant fossils.  Includes small occurrences of the siltstone-rich Stillwater Formation east of Steller Glacier, the siltstone of Oily Lake of Plafker (1987), and the basalt of Hubbs Creek of Plafker and others (1987) found in Samovar Hills, a Malaspina Glacier nunatak","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
875,Tos,"Turbidites, Orca Group",early Eocene and late Paleocene,"Mudstone to sandstone, locally fossil rich, submarine gravity flows.  Weakly metamorphosed flysch and basalt thick submarine fan complex","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
950,Tos,"Turbidites, Orca Group",early Eocene and late Paleocene,"Mudstone to sandstone, locally fossil rich, submarine gravity flows.  Weakly metamorphosed flysch and basalt thick submarine fan complex","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
951,Tos,"Turbidites, Orca Group",early Eocene and late Paleocene,"Mudstone to sandstone, locally fossil rich, submarine gravity flows.  Weakly metamorphosed flysch and basalt thick submarine fan complex","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
952,Tos,"Turbidites, Orca Group",early Eocene and late Paleocene,"Mudstone to sandstone, locally fossil rich, submarine gravity flows.  Weakly metamorphosed flysch and basalt thick submarine fan complex","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
1011,Tp,Younger plutons,Tertiary,"Hornblende-feldspar and feldspar porphyry plutons; in part, related to Wrangell volcanism.  K-Ar dates indicate ages of 39-17 Ma","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
1040,Tw,"Lava flows and lahars, Oldest volcanic rocks",Miocene or Oligocene,"Basaltic andesite, andesite, and dacite lava flows; andesitic lahar deposits.  Sonya Creek (23-20 Ma) and other, unmapped, older Tertiary volcanic centers (26-23 Ma)","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
1041,Tw,"Lava flows and lahars, Oldest volcanic rocks",Miocene or Oligocene,"Basaltic andesite, andesite, and dacite lava flows; andesitic lahar deposits.  Sonya Creek (23-20 Ma) and other, unmapped, older Tertiary volcanic centers (26-23 Ma)","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
1042,Twr,"Rhyolite flow, Oldest volcanic rocks",Miocene or Oligocene,Obsidian-bearing lava within Sonya Creek caldera,"Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
1043,Twd,"Domes, Oldest volcanic rocks",Miocene or Oligocene,Dacite and rhyolite underlying the lava flows and lahar deposits (Tw) of Sonya Creek volcano,"Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
1051,Tm,Volcanic and hypabyssal rocks,Miocene and Oligocene,"Basalt to andesitic plugs, dikes, and flows","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
1053,Td,Rhyolite porphyry and granite,Pliocene(?) or Miocene(?),Discordant hypabyssal plutons and dikes exposed between Mount Augusta and Mount Cook,"Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
1055,Tp,Younger plutons,Tertiary,"Hornblende-feldspar and feldspar porphyry plutons; in part, related to Wrangell volcanism.  K-Ar dates indicate ages of 39-17 Ma","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
1125,Tov,"Basalt, Orca Group",early Eocene and late Paleocene,"Mainly tabular bodies of pillowed, massive, and columnar jointed tholeiitic basalt lava flows; locally interbedded minor mudstone and siltstone.  Weakly metamorphosed flysch and basalt thick submarine fan complex","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
1135,Tov,"Orca Group, Basalt",early Eocene and late Paleocene,"Mainly tabular bodies of pillowed, massive, and columnar jointed tholeiitic basalt lava flows; locally interbedded minor mudstone and siltstone",
1234,Th,"Shallow plutons, small stocks, dikes, and sills",,"Andesite to dacite porphyry, diorite, and quartz diorite.  K-Ar dates indicate ages range from 7.0 to 3.0 Ma, younger than the plutons (Tp) located on north side of Wrangell Mountains.  Probably related to Wrangell volcanism, porphyry rocks may be hypabyssal equivalents of the older Wrangell lavas (QTw) and the Chisana Formation (Kc)","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
1250,Tg,Granodiorite,,"Plutonic phase of the Wrangell Lava exposed mainly at Hawkins Glacier head, marginal to Mount Blackburn volcano caldera","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
1273,Tgp,Granitic plutons,"Eocene, 50 Ma","Granite, granodiorite and diorite intruding Chugach and Prince William terranes; intermediate composition Eocene age dikes not drawn on map","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
1300,Tgp,Granitic plutons,"Eocene, 50 Ma","Granite, granodiorite and diorite intruding Chugach and Prince William terranes; intermediate composition Eocene age dikes not drawn on map","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
1308,Tgp,Granitic plutons,"Eocene, 50 Ma","Granite, granodiorite and diorite intruding Chugach and Prince William terranes; intermediate composition Eocene age dikes not drawn on map","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
1320,Tsq,Snag pluton,"Tertiary, 50 Ma",Informally named body of leucocratic biotite quartz monzonite.  K-Ar date indicates age of 50 Ma,"Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
1410,Tc,Metamorphic complex of Cottonwood Creek of Richter (1976),Tertiary,"Banded granite and quartz diorite gneiss enclosed in schist and phyllite, most likely part of the Devonian metasedimentary (Dp) rocks.  Greenschist to amphibolite metamorphism yields metamorphic age of 20-17 Ma.  Complex occurs within Denali Fault System between Nabesna and Chisana Rivers ","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
1655,Tgp,Granitic plutons,"Eocene, 50 Ma","Granite, granodiorite and diorite intruding Chugach and Prince William terranes; intermediate composition Eocene age dikes not drawn on map","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
1940,Ku,Marine sedimentary rocks,Early and Late Cretaceous,"Sandstone and siltstone deposited at shallow to moderate depths; locally abundant marine fossils.  Includes the MacColl Ridge, Chititu, Schulze, and Moonshine Creek Formations","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
1941,Kun,Nonmarine sedimentary rocks,Late Cretaceous,"Conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone, and mudstone locally containing abundant plant fossils","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
2010,Kl,Shallow marine sedimentary rocks,Early Cretaceous,"Conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone, and clastic sandy limestone deposited under nearshore, high-energy, transgressive marine conditions; locally, concretions and abundant fossils.  Includes the Kennicott, Kuskulana Pass, and Berg Creek Formations","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
2110,Kl,Shallow marine sedimentary rocks,Early Cretaceous,"Conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone, and clastic sandy limestone deposited under nearshore, high-energy, transgressive marine conditions; locally, concretions and abundant fossils.  Includes the Kennicott, Kuskulana Pass, and Berg Creek Formations","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
2190,KJm,"M‚lange units, Valdez Group","mid-Cretaceous, Jurassic(?), and Late Triassic","Tholeiitic pillowed basalt, chert, tuff, greywacke, argillite, and phyllite-greenstone deposited along a convergent plate margin as early as Late Triassic continuously into middle Cretaceous.  Includes the McHugh Complex, a structurally complex and chaotic assemblage of oceanic rocks containing abundant slightly deformed radiolarian chert; and a m‚lange-like unit between the McHugh Complex and the Valdez Group (Kv)","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
2191,KJm,"M‚lange units, Valdez Group","mid-Cretaceous, Jurassic(?), and Late Triassic","Tholeiitic pillowed basalt, chert, tuff, greywacke, argillite, and phyllite-greenstone deposited along a convergent plate margin as early as Late Triassic continuously into middle Cretaceous.  Includes the McHugh Complex, a structurally complex and chaotic assemblage of oceanic rocks containing abundant slightly deformed radiolarian chert; and a m‚lange-like unit between the McHugh Complex and the Valdez Group (Kv)","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
2340,Kc,Chisana Formation,Early Cretaceous,"Thick volcanic arc assemblage of marine and subaerial volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks.  Younger part consists of andesite and basaltic andesite flows, and volcaniclastic rocks; older part consists of volcaniclastic rocks and locally fossil rich marine argillite and graywacke","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
2510,MzPzu,Alpine-type ultramafic rocks and gabbro,"Cretaceous(?, Jurassic(?, Triassic, Permian, and Pennsylvanian(?","Serpentinized peridotite and dunite, locally containing chromitite, leucocratic gabbro, and hornblende gabbro","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
2520,Kg,Mid-Cretaceous plutons,Cretaceous,"Chiefly discordant plutons of granodiorite and quartz monzonite; also include quartz diorite, diorite, syenodiorite, and trondhjemite phases.  K-Ar dates indicate ages of 117-105 Ma.  Locally abundant xenoliths","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
2570,Kg,Mid-Cretaceous plutons,Cretaceous,"Chiefly discordant plutons of granodiorite and quartz monzonite; also include quartz diorite, diorite, syenodiorite, and trondhjemite phases.  K-Ar dates indicate ages of 117-105 Ma.  Locally abundant xenoliths","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
2700,Kv,"Greenschist-facies flysch, Valdez Group",Late Cretaceous,"Mainly mudstone and graywacke turbidite beds, carbonaceous phyllite, minor mafic tuff and breccia in a thick regionally extensive belt of accreted flyschoid deep marine rocks.  Flysch metamorphosed to lower greenschist-facies","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
2702,Kv,"Greenschist-facies flysch, Valdez Group",Late Cretaceous,"Mainly mudstone and graywacke turbidite beds, carbonaceous phyllite, minor mafic tuff and breccia in a thick regionally extensive belt of accreted flyschoid deep marine rocks.  Flysch metamorphosed to lower greenschist-facies","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
2705,Kvv,"Metamorphosed basalt and tuff, Valdez Group",Late Cretaceous,"Tholeiitic metabasalt and basaltic meta-tuff, local pillow lava and pillow breccia, gabbroic dikes and sills","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
2710,Kvm,"Amphibolite-facies flysch, Valdez Group",Late Cretaceous,"Mainly mudstone and graywacke turbidite beds, carbonaceous phyllite, minor mafic tuff and breccia in a thick regionally extensive belt of accreted flyschoid deep marine rocks.  Flysch metamorphosed to amphibolite-facies schist","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
2715,Kvg,"Gneiss and schist, Valdez Group",Late Cretaceous,"Gneiss, banded and migmatite.  Includes the amphibolite-facies schist of Mount Augusta of Plafker (written commun., 2000).  Mainly mudstone and graywacke turbidite beds, carbonaceous phyllite, minor mafic tuff and breccia in a thick regionally extensive belt of accreted flyschoid deep marine rocks","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
2820,KJs,Nutzotin Mountains sequence of Berg and others (1972),Early Cretaceous and Late Jurassic,"Argillite-graywacke graded beds and minor conglomerate, sandstone, and limestone; forming thick deep ocean trench fossil-poor marine flysch sequence bordering Wrangellia terrane","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
2824,Mzc,Conglomerate and sandstone,Early Cretaceous(? and Late Jurassic(? or older,Pebble to boulder conglomerate and coarse-grained sandstone.  May reflect the Nutzotin Mountains sequence (KJs) of Berg and others (1972) northern shore facies; hornfels alteration along southern contact of the Snag pluton (Tsq),"Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
2841,Kyf,"Flysch, Yakutat Group",Cretaceous and Jurassic(?),"Graywacke, siltstone, and argillite.  Complexly deformed flysch and m‚lange locally recrystallized to greenschist","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
2900,Kg,Mid-Cretaceous plutons,Cretaceous,"Chiefly discordant plutons of granodiorite and quartz monzonite; also include quartz diorite, diorite, syenodiorite, and trondhjemite phases.  K-Ar dates indicate ages of 117-105 Ma.  Locally abundant xenoliths","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
2950,Kym,"M‚lange, Yakutat Group",Cretaceous and Jurassic(?),"Discrete blocks of greenstone, limestone, marble, graywacke, chert, conglomerate, and plutonic rocks, up to several kilometers in greatest dimension, in a sheared matrix of mudstone.  Complexly deformed flysch and m‚lange locally recrystallized to greenschist","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
2953,Kym,"M‚lange, Yakutat Group",Cretaceous and Jurassic(?),"Discrete blocks of greenstone, limestone, marble, graywacke, chert, conglomerate, and plutonic rocks, up to several kilometers in greatest dimension, in a sheared matrix of mudstone.  Complexly deformed flysch and m‚lange locally recrystallized to greenschist","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
2954,Kym,"M‚lange, Yakutat Group",Cretaceous and Jurassic(?),"Discrete blocks of greenstone, limestone, marble, graywacke, chert, conglomerate, and plutonic rocks, up to several kilometers in greatest dimension, in a sheared matrix of mudstone.  Complexly deformed flysch and m‚lange locally recrystallized to greenschist","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
2981,Kyn,Schist of Nunatak Fiord,Cretaceous,"Complexly deformed interbedded mudstone and sandstone, minor volcaniclastic rocks and conglomerate; metamorphosed to greenschist- and epidote-amphibolite facies.  Crops up between Boundary and Fairweather Fault Systems and intruded extensively by the Tertiary granitic plutons (Tgp) (Plafker, written commun., 2000)","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
3000,Js,Sedimentary rocks,"Late, Middle, or Early Jurassic","Chiefly spiculite, graywacke, mudstone, and conglomerate deposited in a shallow-marine and nearshore littoral setting.  Includes the fossil-rich Lubbe Creek, Nizina Mountain, and Root Glacier Formations","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
3110,Jk,Kotsina Conglomerate,,Conglomerate and minor sandstone deposited under rapid local marine circumstances during orogenesis.  Fossils absent,"Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
3250,JTrt,Talkeetna Formation,Early Jurassic and Late Triassic(?,"Dominantly andesitic volcaniclastic rocks, products of Late Triassic and Early Jurassic oceanic volcanic arc","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
3340,Jnt,Mafic and ultramafic rocks,Middle or Early Jurassic,"Gabbro, pyroxenite, peridotite and dunite.  Includes the Nelchina River Gabbronorite, the Tonsina ultramafic, and a mafic sequence of Winkler and others (1980).  K-Ar dates indicate ages of 188-171 Ma","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
3401,Jc,Chitina Valley batholith,Late Jurassic,"Compositionally diverse quartz monzodiorite, ranging from granite to diorite, generally foliated and locally gneissic particularly within plutons enclosed by the Strelna Metamorphics of Plafker and others (1989) (PPasm).  K-Ar dates indicate plutonic ages of 157-138 Ma, foliated phase ages are as young as 122 Ma; synchronous with Late Jurassic major regional orogeny perhaps related to subduction along Border Ranges Fault","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
3402,Jc,Chitina Valley batholith,Late Jurassic,"Compositionally diverse quartz monzodiorite, ranging from granite to diorite, generally foliated and locally gneissic particularly within plutons enclosed by the Strelna Metamorphics of Plafker and others (1989) (PPasm).  K-Ar dates indicate plutonic ages of 157-138 Ma, foliated phase ages are as young as 122 Ma; synchronous with Late Jurassic major regional orogeny perhaps related to subduction along Border Ranges Fault","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
3403,Jc,Chitina Valley batholith,Late Jurassic,"Compositionally diverse quartz monzodiorite, ranging from granite to diorite, generally foliated and locally gneissic particularly within plutons enclosed by the Strelna Metamorphics of Plafker and others (1989) (PPasm).  K-Ar dates indicate plutonic ages of 157-138 Ma, foliated phase ages are as young as 122 Ma; synchronous with Late Jurassic major regional orogeny perhaps related to subduction along Border Ranges Fault","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
3405,Jnt,Mafic and ultramafic rocks,Middle or Early Jurassic,"Gabbro, pyroxenite, peridotite and dunite.  Includes the Nelchina River Gabbronorite, the Tonsina ultramafic, and a mafic sequence of Winkler and others (1980).  K-Ar dates indicate ages of 188-171 Ma","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
3540,Jnt,Mafic and ultramafic rocks,Middle or Early Jurassic,"Gabbro, pyroxenite, peridotite and dunite.  Includes the Nelchina River Gabbronorite, the Tonsina ultramafic, and a mafic sequence of Winkler and others (1980).  K-Ar dates indicate ages of 188-171 Ma","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
3545,MzPzu,Alpine-type ultramafic rocks and gabbro,"Cretaceous(?, Jurassic(?, Triassic, Permian, and Pennsylvanian(?","Serpentinized peridotite and dunite, locally containing chromitite, leucocratic gabbro, and hornblende gabbro","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
3610,Jlc,Schist of Liberty Creek of Winkler and others (1981),Jurassic(?,"Basalt flows, breccia, and tuff; regionally metamorphosed greenschist- and blueschist-facies Middle Jurassic or older oceanic assemblage protolith","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
3820,JTrm,McCarthy Formation,Early Jurassic and Late Triassic,"Spiculite, impure chert and limestone, and shale deposited in a starved marine basin environment.  Fossils locally abundant","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
4029,Trl,Triassic limestone,Late Triassic,"Locally fossil-rich, thin-bedded limestone and interbedded argillite in partially starved marine basin; overlies shallow marine to intertidal fossil-poor cherty massive limestone","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
4030,Trcn,Chitistone and Nizina Limestones,Late Triassic,"Chiefly limestone and dolomite; minor chert and marble; locally fossil rich.  The upper Chitistone and cherty Nizina deposited in a shallow to moderately deep marine neritic environment; transition into an intertidal-supratidal setting with local sabkha facies full of algal-mat chips, stromatolites, and evaporate relics typical of the dolostone-rich lower Chitistone rocks","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
4410,PPadm,"Diorite complex, metamorphic part",Permian(?) and Pennsylvanian,"Amphibolite-grade metamorphic rocks of mainly quartz-feldspar schist, biotite-hornblende gneiss, and syenite-monzonite gneiss.  Jurassic K-Ar ages in probability reflect a metamorphic age.  Together with associated late Paleozoic plutons (PPadp) construct part of the Skolai-Tetelna magmatic arc","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
4420,Trn,Nikolai Greenstone,Late and(or Middle Triassic),"Widespread sequence of tholeiitic flood basalt flows, mainly subaerial and characteristically amygdaloidal; subordinate volcaniclastic interbeds and volcanic conglomerate basal sections.  Metamorphosed to prehnite-pumpellyite facies although alteration rarely masks primary mineralogy and texture.  Contains anomalously high amounts of copper","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
5245,PPasm,Strelna Metamorphics of Plafker and others (1989),"Jurassic(?), Triassic(?), Permian, Early Pennsylvanian, and Late Mississippian(?)","Dominantly calcareous metasedimentary rocks, schist, phyllite, amphibolite, and marble; lesser quartzite, meta-andesite, and metabasalt in thin to thick thrust sheets containing local pods of the tectonically emplaced ultramafic rock and marble (PPam); overlying the gabbro and orthogneiss (Pago).  Includes the Jurassic Uranatina Metaplutonic Complex and the Dadina Schist of Carboniferous and possibly older(?) age exposed near Mount Drum.  Metamorphic grade increases closer to the Chitina Valley batholith (Jc) and might represent metamorphosed roots of the Skolai-Tetelna magmatic arc (PPat, PPas, and PPasc)","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
5325,PPas,"Skolai Group, undivided",Early Permian and Pennsylvanian,"Lower late Paleozoic magmatic arc and associated upper sedimentary rocks.  Equivalent to the Mankomen Group (Pe, Pel, and PPass) and the Tetelna Volcanics (PPat) in northern Wrangell Mountains and eastern Alaska Range","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
5460,Pago,Gabbro and orthogneiss,Pennsylvanian,"Interlayered hornblende pyroxene gabbro and monzonitic gneiss; overlain by the Skolai Group (PPas, Ph, Pl, and PPasc) and their metamorphosed equivalent, the Strelna Metamorphics of Plafker and others (1989) (PPasm).  Represents, in part, Pennsylvanian oceanic crust correlative with the diorite complex (PPadm and PPadp) in northern Wrangell Mountains and eastern Alaskan Range","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
5470,MzPzu,Alpine-type ultramafic rocks and gabbro,"Cretaceous(?, Jurassic(?, Triassic, Permian, and Pennsylvanian(?","Serpentinized peridotite and dunite, locally containing chromitite, leucocratic gabbro, and hornblende gabbro","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
5625,PPasm,Strelna Metamorphics of Plafker and others (1989),"Jurassic(?, Triassic(?, Permian, Early Pennsylvanian, and Late Mississippian(?)","Dominantly calcareous metasedimentary rocks, schist, phyllite, amphibolite, and marble; lesser quartzite, meta-andesite, and metabasalt in thin to thick thrust sheets containing local pods of the tectonically emplaced ultramafic rock and marble (PPam); overlying the gabbro and orthogneiss (Pago).  Includes the Jurassic Uranatina Metaplutonic Complex and the Dadina Schist of Carboniferous and possibly older(?) age exposed near Mount Drum.  Metamorphic grade increases closer to the Chitina Valley batholith (Jc) and might represent metamorphosed roots of the Skolai-Tetelna magmatic arc (PPat, PPas, and PPasc)","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
5630,PPass,"Slana Spur Formation, Mankomen Group",Early Permian and Pennsylvanian,"Fossil-rich volcanic sandstone, siltstone, conglomerate, and impure bioclastic limestone; shed off the Tetelna volcanic arc (PPat)","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
5635,Pzvc,"Metavolcaniclastic rocks, Metamorphic rocks of the Carden Hills","Permian(?, Pennsylvanian, Mississippian, and Devonian(?)","Chiefly metasandstone, metatuff, and quartzite; greenschist-facies metamorphism","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
5636,Pzv,"Metavolcanic rocks, Metamorphic rocks of the Carden Hills","Permian(?, Pennsylvanian, Mississippian, and Devonian(?)",Slightly porphyritic meta-andesite and metabasalt; greenschist-facies metamorphism,"Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
5750,Ph,Hasen Creek Formation,Early Permian,"Fossil-rich marine argillite, shale, and sandstone; nonvolcanic origin","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
5755,Pl,Limestone of the Hasen Creek Formation,Early Permian,"Fossil-rich, lenticular, marine limestone; partially equivalent to the Strelna metamorphic marble of Plafker and others (1989)","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
5756,Pel,"Limestone of Eagle Creek Formation, Mankomen Group",Early Permian,Fossiliferous thin- to thick-bedded limestone,"Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
5870,Pam,Monzonite-granite complex,Pennsylvanian,"Large composite granite and quartz monzonite pluton containing lesser monzonite, syenite, and gabbro emplaced between Wrangellia and Alexander(? terranes.  K-Ar dates indicate ages of 297-295 Ma.  Correlates with the Ahtell pluton (Paa) in northern Wrangell Mountains to construct the Tetelna-Skolai magmatic arc's (PPat, PPas, and PPasc) core ","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
5871,Paa,Ahtell pluton,Pennsylvanian,"Quartz monzonite and granodiorite discordant zoned pluton.  Together with the monzonite-granite complex (Pam) in Saint Elias Mountains make part of the Skolai-Tetelna magmatic arc's (PPat, PPas, and PPasc) core.  K-Ar data indicates an age of 285 Ma","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
5880,PPadp,"Diorite complex, plutonic part",Permian(? and Pennsylvanian,"Hornblende diorite grading into gneissic diorite.  Together with associated metamorphics (PPadm), almost certainly represents roots of the Skolai-Tetelna magmatic arc's (PPat, PPas, and PPasc) roots.  Possibly correlative with the gabbro and orthogneiss (Pago) in southern Wrangell Mountains","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
5920,PPasm,Strelna Metamorphics of Plafker and others (1989),"Jurassic(?, Triassic(?, Permian, Early Pennsylvanian, and Late Mississippian(?)","Dominantly calcareous metasedimentary rocks, schist, phyllite, amphibolite, and marble; lesser quartzite, meta-andesite, and metabasalt in thin to thick thrust sheets containing local pods of the tectonically emplaced ultramafic rock and marble (PPam); overlying the gabbro and orthogneiss (Pago).  Includes the Jurassic Uranatina Metaplutonic Complex and the Dadina Schist of Carboniferous and possibly older(?) age exposed near Mount Drum.  Metamorphic grade increases closer to the Chitina Valley batholith (Jc) and might represent metamorphosed roots of the Skolai-Tetelna magmatic arc (PPat, PPas, and PPasc)","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
5950,Pe,"Eagle Creek Formation, Mankomen Group",Early Permian,"Nonvolcanogenic argillite and siltstone deposited in a moderately deep quiet basin.  Abundant fossils, cone-in-cone structures, and concretions.  Intruded by locally abundant Triassic gabbroic inclusions (Trn) and porphyry dikes and sills (Tp)","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
5955,PPzm,Marble,Permian and Early Pennsylvanian,Regionally metamorphosed with poorly preserved and locally placed Permian and Early Pennsylvanian fossils.  Partially equivalent to the Permian limestone of the Hasen Creek Formation (Pl),"Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
6120,PPasc,Station Creek Formation,Early Permian and Pennsylvanian,"Magmatic arc consists of a younger volcaniclastic member and an older andesitic and basaltic lava flow member, both of submarine origin; locally metamorphosed to greenschist-facies south of Chitina Fault  ","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
6220,PPat,"Tetelna Volcanics, Mankomen Group",Early Permian and Pennsylvanian,"Subaerial and submarine basaltic to dacite lava, lahar flows, tuff deposits, and fine-grained volcaniclastic rocks.  Extensive late Paleozoic magmatic arc vestiges form Wrangellia terrane's basement in northern Wrangell Mountains and eastern Alaska Range.  Correlates to the Skolai Group's (PPas) Station Creek Formation( PPasc) in southern Wrangell Mountains","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
7220,Pzk,Kaskawulsh Group of Kindle(1953),"Pennsylvanian, Mississippian, Devonian(?, and older","A metamorphosed marine sequence of marble, schist, and phyllite; minor meta-tuff, flows, breccia, and meta-conglomerate; probably oceanic crustal progression with carbonate reefs.  Poorly preserved Ordovician, Devonian, and possible Mississippian and Pennsylvanian fossils present.  Metamorphosed to upper greenschist-facies and locally intensely folded.  Coextensive with widely occurring rocks within neighboring Yukon Territory, Canada; potentially representing westernmost known extent of Alexander(? terrane","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
7230,Dp,Metasedimentary rocks,Devonian,"Mainly phyllite, also includes calcareous mica-schist, quartzite, metaconglomerate, and thin marble lenses.  Greenschist-facies metamorphism.  Contains poorly preserved Devonian fossils","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
7240,Pzk,Kaskawulsh Group of Kindle(1953),"Pennsylvanian, Mississippian, Devonian(?, and older","A metamorphosed marine sequence of marble, schist, and phyllite; minor meta-tuff, flows, breccia, and meta-conglomerate; probably oceanic crustal progression with carbonate reefs.  Poorly preserved Ordovician, Devonian, and possible Mississippian and Pennsylvanian fossils present.  Metamorphosed to upper greenschist-facies and locally intensely folded.  Coextensive with widely occurring rocks within neighboring Yukon Territory, Canada; potentially representing westernmost known extent of Alexander(? terrane","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."
7400,Pzk,Kaskawulsh Group of Kindle(1953),"Pennsylvanian, Mississippian, Devonian(?, and older","A metamorphosed marine sequence of marble, schist, and phyllite; minor meta-tuff, flows, breccia, and meta-conglomerate; probably oceanic crustal progression with carbonate reefs.  Poorly preserved Ordovician, Devonian, and possible Mississippian and Pennsylvanian fossils present.  Metamorphosed to upper greenschist-facies and locally intensely folded.  Coextensive with widely occurring rocks within neighboring Yukon Territory, Canada; potentially representing westernmost known extent of Alexander(? terrane","Richter, D.H., Preller, C.C., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2005, Geology of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska:  U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Series Map SIM-2877, scale 1:350,000."