X-Ray Region Atomic Data: Iron (Fe)

Compiled by Steve Drake, use at your own risk.

See also the paper by Phillips et al (1999) on benchmarking the MEKAL code using SMM solar coronal spectra, and the recent paper by Gu et al. (2006, ApJ, 649, 979) on the enhanced and enlarged version of APEC/APED (including improved calculations of ionization equilibrium and line emissivities for L-shell ions of abundant elements such as Fe using the Flexible Atomic Codee (FAC) that they apply to the analysis of XMM-Newton RGS and Chandra HETGS and LETGS spectra of Capella.


Coll & PI
Coll & PI
Multiconfiguration Dirac-Fock Method checked by CI Method
Coll
R-matrix theory using an intermediate-coupling frame transformation method
Ion
Type of Data
Type of Plasma
Energy Range (keV)
Wavelength Range (Angstroms)
Method/Origin
Reference
Comments
Fe I K Beta and Fe XXV w
IDs, Wavelengths, Intensities
PI & Coll
6.69 - 7.06
1.75 - 1.86
Corona + extended Bai model
Phillips, K.J.H.. et al. 1994, ApJ, 435, 888
Fe I K-shell
K-Shell Photoionization Cross-Section
PI
--
--
R-Matrix calculation
Donnelly, D.W. et al. 2000, ApJ, 531, 1168
Fe VII - Fe X
IDs, Wavelengths & Emission Intensities
PI & Coll
0.08 - 0.20
60 - 140
EBIT-II data + HULLAC (and other) calculated spectra
J.K. Lepson et al. 2002, ApJ, 578, 648
Fe VII - Fe XXVI
IDs, Wavelengths, gf & A values
PI & Coll
Whole range
Whole range
J. Phys. & Chem.Ref. Data Publication
T. Shirai et al. 2000, `Spectral Data for highly Ionized Atoms: Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Kr and Mo', AIP
Fe IX
Energy Levels, Radiative Rates, Oscillator and Line Strengths for Lowest 360 Levels
PI & Coll
0.05 - 0.25
50 - 250
GRASP
K.M. Aggarwal al. 2006, A&A, 460, 331
Fe XIII-XIV
Photoionization cross-sections & recombination rates
PI
--
--
Close-Coupling R-Matrix code
Nahar, S.N. 2000, ApJS, 126, 537
Fe X
Energies, Oscillator Strengths, Collision Strengths
--
UV and EUV
UV and EUV
Semi-Relativistic (Breit-Pauli) R-Matrix code
Tayal, S.S. 2001, ApJS, 132, 117
Fe X
New Collisional and Radiative Data
--
UV-X-ray
UV-X-ray
SUPERSTRUCTURE and the TEC Method
Del Zanna, G. et al. 2004, A&A, 422, 731
Fe X, XIV-XVIII K Alpha
IDs, Wavelengths, Intensities
PI
6.36 - 6.44
1.925 - 1.950
EBIT, HULLAC, and GRASP
Decaux, V. et al. 1995, ApJ, 443, 464
Fe XI
Energies, Transition Probabilities, Branching Ratios
PI & Coll
UV & EUV
ditto
Theoretical (Large-scale multiconfiguration Dirac-Fock)
Fritsche, S. et al. 2000, MNRAS, 318, 263.
Fe XI
Energy Levels, Radiative Rates, Collision Strengths & Rate Coefficients
PI & Coll
UV & EUV
ditto
Theoretical (Dirac Atomic R-matrix Code, DARC)
Aggarwal, K.M. & Keenan, F.P. 2003, MNRAS, 338, 412.
Fe XV
n= 3 -4 Line Ratios
PI & Coll
0.15 - 0.25
52 - 83
Calculations using Dufton Stat Eq Code, solar XSST & Capella Chandra LETG spectra
Keenan, F.P. et al. 2006, ApJ, 645, 597.
Fe XV -XIX
Accurate wavelengths, excitation-autoionization/deielectronic recombination
PI & Coll
0.73 - 0.92
13.5 - 17.0
Laser-produced plasmas + HULLAC
May, M.J. et al. 2005, ApJS, 158, 230.
Fe XVI
Energy Levels, Radiative Rates, Oscillator Strengths & Line Strengths
PI & Coll
---
---
GRASP caclculations
Aggarwal, K.M. & Keenan, F.P. 2007, A&A, 463, 399.
Fe XVI-XVII
Photoionization cross-sections & recombination rates
PI
--
--
Breit-Pauli R-Matrix code
Donnelly, D. et al. 1999, A&A, 349, 996
Fe XVII
K-edge Photoabsorption cross-sections and photoionized gas opacities
PI
7.0 - 8.0
1.55 - 1.77
Breit-Pauli R-Matrix + Optical Potential calculations
Palmeri, P. et al. 2002, ApJ, 577, L119
Fe XVII
Effect of Delta-N = 0 Dielectronic Recombination on Fe XVII 3-2 Lines
PI
0.725 - 0.826
15.01 - 17.10
Flexible Atomic Code (1st order perturbation theory) calculations
Gu, M.F. 2002, ApJ, 579, L103
Fe XVII
Energy Levels, Radiative Rates, and Collision Strengths for Fine Structure Transitions
Both
---
---
General Purpose Relativistic Atomic Structure Program (GRASP) calculations
Aggarwal et al. 2003, ApJS, 144, 169
Fe XVII-XVIII
Unified Electronic Recombination
PI
--
--
Breit-Pauli R-Matrix + Superstructure
Pradjan, A.K. et al. 2001, ApJ, 549, L265
Fe XVII-XXIII
K-Shell Photoionization and Electron Impact Excitation Collision Strengths
PI
--
--
Breit-Pauli R-Matrix
Bautista, M.A. et al. 2004, A&A, 418, 1171
Fe XVII-XXIII
Energy Levels, Oscillator Strengths, A-values and Electron-Ion Excitation Collision Strengths
Coll & PI
--
--
Distorted Wave Approx cf. to R-Matrix Calculations
Landi, E. & Gu, M.F. 2006, ApJ, 640, 1171
Fe XVII-XXIV
Line Formation Rate Coefficients for Photoionized Plasma
PI
--
--
FAC
Gu, M.F. 2003, ApJ, 593, 1249
Fe XVII-XXIV
IDs, Wavelengths, Intensities, Effective Recombination, Lines & Edges
PI
0.45 - 2.05
6.06 - 27.75
XSTAR and HULLAC
Kallman, T.R. et al. 1996, ApJ, 465, 994
Fe XVII-XXIV (and Ni XIX-XXVI)
Wavelengths and Emissivities of n=3-7 -> n=2 Transitions
Both
0.6 - 1.8
7 - 21
Combined CI & MBPT method in APED (MAPED
Gu, M.F. 2007, ApJS, 169, 154
Fe XVIII
Oscillator & Line Strengths, and Radiative Decay Rates
Both
NA
NA
Relativistic BPRM method & SUPERSTRUCTURE
Nahar, S.N. 2006, A&A, 457, 721
Fe XVIII
L-Shell (n=2,3,4 -> 2) Line Identifications and Intensities
Both
EUV & X-Ray
EUV & X-Ray
Benchmarking Atomic Data
Del Zanna 2006, A&A, 459, 307
Fe XVIII-XIX
Dielectronic Recombination Rate
Both
NA
NA
Laboratory & Theoretical + XSTAR
Savin, D.W. et al. 1999, ApJS, 123, 687
Fe XVIII-XIX
Dielectronic Recombination Rate
Both
NA
NA
Laboratory (TSR) & Theoretical (MCBP & MCDF)
Savin, D.W. et al. 2002, ApJ, 576, 1098
Fe XVIII-XXV K Alpha
IDs, Wavelengths, Intensities
PI
6.42 - 6.70
1.85 - 1.93
EBIT and Mewe & Schrijver 1980, A&A, 87, 261
Decaux, V. et al. 1997, ApJ, 482, 1076
Fe XIX-XX
Fe XIX->XX Photoionization/Recombination, Fe XX Energies & f-values
PI
0.65-1.0
12-17
R-matrix inc. spin-orbit coupling
Donnelly, D. et al. 1999, MNRAS, 307, 595
Fe XIX-XX
Fe XIX->XX Photoionization/Recombination, Fe XX Energies & f-values, Fe XIX f-values
PI
--
--
Breit-Pauli R-matrix, Relativistic Distorted-Wave, etc.
Zhang, H.L., and Pradhan, A.K. 2000, MNRAS, 313, 13
This Reference claims Donnelly et al (1999) are incorrect
Fe XIX-XX
Fe XIX->XX Photoionization/Recombination
PI
--
--
Breit-Pauli R-matrix including radiation damping effects
McLaughlin, B.M. et al. 2001, MNRAS, 328, 442
Fe XX
Oscillator Strengths, Line Strengths and Radiative Deacy Rates for Dipole Allowed, Intercombination and Forbideen Transitions
--
--
Close-Coupling Approximation using the Relativistic B-P R-Matrix Method
Nahar, S.N. 2004, A&A, 413, 779
Fe XXI-XXII
Fe XXXI-XX and Fe XXII-XXI Dielectronic Recombination via 2-2 Core Excit.
PI
--
--
TSR experimental, MCBP, MCDF & FAC RCIM theoretical
Savin et al. 2003, ApJS, 147, 421
Fe XXIV
Atomic data for K-vacancy states: energy levels, wavelengths, rates, photoabsorption cross-sections, etc.
PI & Coll
--
--
--
Bautista, M.A. et al. 2003, A&A, 403, 339
Fe XXIV
Emission cross-sections for n= 3 -> 2 lines
PI
4 - 5
2.4 - 3.0
EBIT + XRS cf R-matrix calculations
Chen, H. et al. 2002, ApJ, 567, L169
Fe XXIV-XXVI
Fe XXIV->XXV and XXV->XXVI Photoionization/Recombination
PI
--
--
Breit-Pauli R-matrix(BPRM)
Nahar, S.N. et al. 2001, ApJS, 133, 255
Fe XXV
K-Alpha complex including dielectronic satellites
PI and Coll
6.7
1.85
Breit-Pauli R-matrix(BPRM)
Oelgoetz, J.and Pradhan, A.K. 2001, MNRAS, 327, L42
Fe VI
Electron Impact Effective Collision Strengths & Rate Coefficients
Coll
UV
UV
Iron Project: Breit-Pauli R-Matrix Calculation
Chen, G.X. & Pradhan, A.K. 1999, A&AS, 136, 395
Fe VII - Fe X
Lines, Intensities, Pseudo-Continuum
Coll
0.08 - 0.20
60 - 140
EBIT Spectra
Beiersdorfer, P. et al. 1999, ApJ, 519, L185
Fe VIII - Fe XIII
Ionization Balance, EUV M-shell lines
Coll
0.059 - 0.078
160 - 210
FTU Tokamak Spectra
Fournier, K.B. et al. 2001, ApJ, 550, L117
Fe IX
Line Intensities and Ratios, Collision Strength
Coll
0.05 - 0.073
171 - 245
R-Matrix and Superstructure codes
Storey, P.J. & Zeippen, C,J., 2001, MNRAS, 324, L7
Fe X
Effective Collision Strengths for 4005 Transitions
Coll
---
---
Dirac Atomic R-Matrix Code (DARC)
Aggarwal, K.M. & Keenan, F.P. 2005, A&A, 439, 1215
Fe X,XI and XIII
Effective Collison Strengths of Fine-Structure Transitions
General
---
---
Breit-Pauli R-Matrix
Tayal, S.S. 2000, ApJ, 544, 575
Fe XI
Electron Impact Excitation Rates & Density-Sensitive Line Ratios
Coll
EUV
179 - 193
R-Matrix Calculations
Pinfield, D.J. et al. 2001, ApJ, 562, 566
Fe XII
Level Populations and Line Intensities
Coll
UV
UV
Using atomic data based on R-Matrix Calculations
Binello, A.M. et al. 2001, A&A, 370, 1071
Fe XIII
Effective Collision Strengths
Coll
UV & EUV
UV & EUV
Fully Relativistic Dirac Atomic R-Matrix Code (DARC)
Aggarwal, K.M. & Keenan, F.P. 2005, A&A, 429, 1117
Fe XV
Level Populations and Line Intensities
Coll
UV
UV
Using atomic data based on Six-Configuration model; Includes self-absorption effects via escape probability factor
Kastner, S.O. & Bhatia, A.K. 2001, ApJ, 553, 421
Fe XVI n=5,4 to n=3
IDs, Wavelengths, Intensities
Coll
0.15 - 0.41
30 - 80
Solar Corona and SUPERSTRUCTURE
Cornille, M. et al. 1997, A&A, 320, 333
Fe XVI n <= 4
Electron Impact Effective Collision Strengths
Coll
EUV
EUV
Iron Project: Breit-Pauli R-Matrix Calculation
Eissner, W. et al. 1999, A&AS, 136, 385
Fe XVI n <= 7
Energy Levels, Radiative Rates, Collision and Effective Collision Strengths
Coll
---
---
GRASP & Dirac R-Matrix Code (DARC)
Aggarwal & Keenan 2006, A&A, 450, 1249
Fe XVI-XXII
ID's, wavelengths, and intensities
Coll
0.69 - 1.2
10 - 18
HULLAC + EBIT + solar data + Capella HETG
Behar, E., Cottam, J., and Kahn, S.M. 2000, ApJ, submitted
Fe XVI-XXV
Recombination rate coefficients, line-formation rate coefficients and ionization balance
Coll
---
---
FAC
Gu, M.F. 2003, ApJ, 582, 1241
Fe XVI and XXIV
Resonance Line Emissivities
Coll
EUV
EUV
HULLAC + Goldstein et al. (1988) + Mazzotta et al. (1998) Ionization Balance
Laming, J.M. & Feldman, U. 1999, ApJ, 527, 461
Fe XVII
Collision Strengths from Ground Levels
Coll
---
---
R-Matrix Method
Mohan, M. et al. 1997, ApJS, 108, 389
Fe XVII
IDs, Wavelengths, Intensities
Coll
0.71 - 1.26
9.8 - 17.5
EBIT, MEKAL, and HULLAC
Brown, G.V. et al. 1998, ApJ, 502, 1015
Fe XVII
Level Populations, EUV & X-Ray Line Intensities
Coll
0.72 - 0.90 (X-ray)
13.82 - 17.10 (X-ray)
33-level atom + escape probability technique
Bhatia, A.K. & Kastner, S.O. 1999, ApJ, 516, 482
Fe XVII
X-Ray Line Intensities
Coll
0.71 - 0.92
13.5 - 17.5
3-ion collisional-radiative model inc. RR, DR, RE, CE, and CI
Doron, R. & Behar, E. 2002, ApJ, 574, 518
Fe XVII
IDs, Wavelengths, Intensities
Coll
0.72 - 0.83
15.0 - 17.1
Solar Corona and SUPERSTRUCTURE
Phillips, K.J.H. et al. 1997, A&A, 324, 381
Fe XVII
IDs, Wavelengths, Intensities & Opacity
Coll
0.72 - 0.83
15.0 - 17.1
Solar Corona
Saba, J.L.R. et al. 1999, ApJ, 510, 1064
Fe XVII
Intensity Ratios
Coll
0.72 - 0.83
15.0 - 17.1
EBIT, R-Matrix and Distorted Wave Calculations
Laming, J.M. et al. 2000 ApJ, 545, L161
Fe XVII
Intensity Ratios
Coll & Photoexcitation
0.72 - 0.83
15.0 - 17.1
LXSS inc.HULLAC
Mauche, C.W. et al. 2001 ApJ, 560, 992
Fe XVII
Energy Levels, Collision Strengths; Intensity Ratios including opacity effects
Coll
0.72 - 1.15 & EUV/UV
10.8 - 17.1
Solar Corona and SUPERSTRUCTURE
Bhatia, A.K. & Saba, J.L.R. 2001 ApJ, 563, 434
Fe XVII
Intensity Ratio of R to I Coll
0.69 - 0.92
13.5 - 18.0
PLT Tokamak and vacuum flat-crystal spectrometer measurements
Beiersdorfer, P. et al. 2001, Phys Rev A, 64, 32705
Fe XVII
Intensity Ratio of 3s - 2p to 3d - 2p Lines
Coll
0.69 - 0.89
14.0 - 18.0
EBIT-II + crystal & grazing-incidence spectrometers & microcalorimeter
Beiersdorfer, P. et al. 2002, ApJ, 576, L169
Fe XVII
Fine Structure Levels and Transition Probabilities for Allowed & Forbidden Transitions
Coll & PI
---
---
Rel. Breit-Pauli R-matrix, SUPERSTRUCTURE and GRASP calculations
Nahar, S.N. et al. 2003, A&A, 408, 789
Fe XVII
Energies, Radiative Rates, Oscillator Strengths, and Line Strengths for all Electric Dipole (E1), Magnetic Dipole (M1), Electric Quadrupole (E2) and Magnetic Quadrupole (M2) Transitions for the Lowest 157 Levels
Coll & PI
---
---
GRASP and other calculations
Aggarwal, K.M. et al. 2004, A&A, 420, 783
Fe XVII
3s - 2p and 3d - 2p emission line ratios
Coll
0.69 - 0.95
13 - 18
PLT tokamak compared to observed and spectral modeling values
Beiersdorfer et al. 2004, ApJ, 610, 616
Fe XVIII
Formation mechanism and ID
Coll
0.704
17.62
Solar Corona and flares, EBIT, and Monte Carlo fluorescence calculation
Drake, J.J. et al. 1999, ApJ, 521, 839
Fe XVIII
Electron-Impact Excitation Collision Strengths of n=3,4 levels
Coll
0.77-0.87
14.21-16.08
IRON Project R-matrix ICFT calaculations
Witthoeft, M.C. et al. 2006, A&A, 446, 361
Fe XVIII-XXII
Density-Sensitive Line Ratios
Coll
0.08-0.14
91-156
Tokamak data and HULLAC Collisional-Radiative Calculations
Fournier, K.B. et al. ApJ, 561, 1144
Fe XVIII-XXIV
IDs, Wavelengths, Relative Intensities
Both
0.7-1.2
10.6-18
EBIT and Flat Crystal Spectrometers
Brown, G.V. et al. 2002, ApJS, 140, 589
Fe XVIII-XXIV
Electron Impact Excitation Cross-sections of n = 3 -> 2 Lines
Coll
0.78-1.18
10.5-15.9
EBIT-I, Microcalorimeter and Crystal Spectrometer
Chen, H. et al. 2006, ApJ, 646, 653
Fe XVIII-XXIV
Identification and Intensities of n = 4-10 => n = 2 Lines
---
1.1 - 1.8
7 - 11
EBIT-I & EBIT-II with Flat Crystal Spectrometers cf to FAC
Chen, H. et al. 2007, ApJS, 168, 319
Fe XIX
Electron Impact Excitation Collision Strengths and Rates
Coll
---
---
Breit-Pauli R-Matrix Calculation
Butler, K. & Zeippen, C.J. 2001, A&A, 372, 1083
Fe XIX-XX
Dielectronic and Radiative Recombination of Fe XX
---
---
---
Laboratory, AUTOSTRUCTURE, HULLAC, Multi-Configuration Dirac-Fock, and R-Matrix Calculations
Savin, D.W. et al. 2002, ApJS, 138,337
Fe XX
Electron Impact Excitation Collision Strengths and Rates
Coll
---
---
Breit-Pauli R-Matrix Calculation
Butler, K. & Zeippen, C.J. 2001, A&A, 372, 1078
Fe XX
Energy Levels, Oscillator and Line Strengths, and Transition Probabilities
---
---
Jonauskas, V. et al. 2005, A&A, 433, 745
Fe XX
Electron Impact Excitation Collision Strengths up to n = 4
---
---
Witthoeft, M.C. et al. 2007, A&A, 466, 763
Fe XXI
Collision strengths and excitation rate coefficients
Coll
--
--
Dirac-Fock R-matrix calculation
Aggarwal, K.M. 1991, ApJS, 77, 677.
Fe XXI
Collision strengths and rate parameters for n=2 and 2p3l levels
Coll
--
--
R-matrix Close Coupling calculation
Butler, K. and Zeippen, C.J. 2000, A&AS, 143, 483
Fe XXI
Density-sensitive 2s^2 2p^2-2s 2p^3 EUV Line Ratios
Coll
0.085 - 0.126
98 - 146
Based on R-matrix calculations of collisional excitation rates
Keenan, F.P. et al. 2001, MNRAS, 326, 1387
Fe XXI-XXII
IDs, Wavelengths, Intensities
Coll
1.26 - 1.32
9.4 - 9.8
Solar Corona and SUPERSTRUCTURE
Phillips, K.J.H. et al. 1996, ApJ, 466, 549
Fe XXI-XXIV, n=4,5,6 to n=2
IDs, Wavelengths, Intensities
Coll
1.38 - 1.77
7 - 9
PLT and HULLAC
Wargelin, B.J. et al. 1998, ApJ, 496, 1031
Fe XXI-XXIV
Intensities of 3 => 2 Transitions inc. RE & DR Effects
Coll
1.0 - 1.2
10.5 - 12.5
EBIT-II Measurements and HULLAC Distorted Wave Calculations
Gu, M.F. et al. 2001, ApJ, 563, 462
Fe XXI-XXIV
Excitation cross-sections of n = 3 => 2 Line Emission
Coll
1.0 - 4.0
3.0 - 12.5
EBIT-II + (Cystal spectrometer or microcalorimeter cf to FAC & HULLAC
Chen, H. et al. 2005, ApJ, 618, 1086
Fe XXII
Energies, Transition Probabilities, Oscillator & Line Strengths
Coll or PI
---
---
Multiconfiguration Dirac-Fock Method
Jonauskas, V. et al. 2006, A&A, 455, 1157
Fe XXIII, n=2,3,4 fine structure levels transitions
Line strengths, f-values, and transition energies
Coll or PI
---
---
CIV3 with Breit-Pauli approximation
Tully, J.A. & Chidichimo, M.C. 2001, A&A, 365, 266
Fe XXIII, n=2,3,4->2 transitions
Line Identifications, energy levels, collisonal & radiative data
Coll
0.01 - 1.5
8.27 - 1080
Benchmarking obs data against SUPERSTRUCTURE calculations
Del Zanna, G. et al. 2005, A&A, 432, 1137
Fe XXIV, n=2,3,4,5->2 transitions
Line Identifications, energy levels, collisonal & radiative data
Coll
0.05 - 1.75
7.1 - 256
Benchmarking obs data against SUPERSTRUCTURE calculations
Del Zanna, G. 2006, A&A, 447, 761
Fe XXIV, n=3 to n=2
Electron impact cross-sections and emissivities
Coll
0.7 - 3.0
4.0 - 17.
EBIT cf with R-matrix, DW, and MEKAL
Gu, M.F. et al. 1999, ApJ, 518, 1002
Fe XXIV, n=3,4 to n=2
IDs, Wavelengths, Intensities
Coll
1.11 - 1.55
7.98 - 11.18
EBIT, HULLAC, and RDW
Savin, D.W. et al. 1996, ApJ, 470, L73
Fe XXIV-XXV
F-values, Line Strengths, A-values for 802 Fe XXIV and 2579 Fe XXV dipole allowed and intercombination transitions
General
XUV - X-ray
XUV - X-ray
Fe Project CC approximation, intermediate coupling
Nahar, S.N. & Pradhan, A.K. 1999, A&AS, 135, 437
Fe XXV-XXVI K resonance lines
Effective collisional rates
Coll
6.6 - 7.0
1.76 - 1.87
Relativistic R-matrix code
Phillips, K.J.H. et al. 2004, A&A, 416, 765
Fe XXV-XXVI, n=3 to n=2,1 & n=3 to n=2
IDs, Wavelengths, A-values
Coll?
1.15 - 8.3
1.5 - 10.7
Relativistic Perturbations
Xu H. et al. 1995, ApJ, 441, 443
Fe XXV-XXVI (plus other ions)
IDs, Wavelengths
Coll
3.8 - 10.0
1.2 - 3.3
Spectrum Synthesis using Chianti + R-Matrix Collisional Excitation Rates
Phillips, K.J.H. et al. 2004, ApJ, 605, 921
Fe XXVI
Electron Impact Collision Strengths and Rate Coefficients
Coll
 
 
R matrix method
Aggarwal and Kingston 1993, ApJS, 85, 187
Fe XXVI
Electron excitation Collision Strengths
Coll
 
 
IRON Project
Kiselius et al. 1996, A&AS, 118, 157

Please send comments, questions or corrections to Steve Drake at drake @ milkyway.gsfc.nasa.gov