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Preface Introduction: The Framework of This Book The Focus of Women’s Studies The Framework for this Book: Collective Action for a Sustainable Future A Matrix of Oppression and Resistance Feminisms: Tangling with the “F” Word Scope of the Book 1. THEORIES AND THEORIZING: INTEGRATIVE FRAMEWORKS FOR UNDERSTANDING Definition of Theory / Theory, Theorizing, and Ways of Knowing / Theoretical Perspectives in Women’s Studies / Charlotte Bunch, Not by Degrees: Feminist Theory and Education / Judith Lorber, The Social Construction of Gender / Allan Johnson, Patriarchy, the System: An It, Not a He, a Them, or an Us / Combahee River Collective, A Black Feminist Statement / Chandra Talpade Mohanty, Defining Genealogies: Feminist Reflections on Being South Asian in North America / Kalima Rose, Taking on the Global Economy 2. IDENTITIES AND SOCIAL LOCATIONS: WHO AM I? WHO ARE MY PEOPLE? Being Myself: The Micro Level / Community Recognition, Expectations, and Interactions: The Meso Level / Social Categories, Classifications, and Structural Inequality: Macro and Global Levels / Multiple Identities, Social Location, and Contradictions / Frederica Y. Daly, Perspectives of Native American Women on Race and Gender / Dorothy Allison, A Question of Class / Elizabeth Martinez, A Word about the Great Terminology Question / Merle Woo, Letter to Ma / Joanna Kadi, Moving from Cultural Appropriation Toward Ethical Cultural Connections / Mary C. Waters, Optional Identities: For Whites Only? / Minnie Bruce Pratt, Who Am I If I’m Not My Father’s Daughter? 3. WOMEN’S BODIES Body Image and the Beauty Ideal / Resisting Beauty Stereotypes / Feminist Theorizing about Body Image and Beauty Ideals / Body Politics / Abra Fortune Chernik, The Body Politic / Toni Morrison, The Coming of Maureen Peale / Judith Ortiz Cofer, The Story of My Body / Nellie Wong, When I Was Growing Up / Barbara Macdonald, Do You Remember Me? / Donna Walton, What’s a Leg Got To Do With It? / Alisa L.Valde;z, Ruminations of a Feminist Aerobics Instructor 4. WOMEN’S SEXUALITY Stereotypes, Contradictions, and Double Standards / What is Women’s Autonomous Sexuality? / Challenging Binaries / Theorizing Sexuality / The Erotic as Power / Activism and Sexuality / Sandra Cisneros, Guadalupe the Sex Goddess / Eve Ensler, excerpt from The Vagina Monologues: Smell / Naomi Wolf, Radical Heterosexuality / Lisa Orlando, Loving Whom We Choose / Surina A. Khan, The All-American Queer Pakistani Girl / Leslie Feinberg, We Are All Works in Progress / Audre Lorde, Uses of the Erotic: The Erotic as Power 5. RELATIONSHIPS, FAMILIES, AND HOUSEHOLDS Defining Ourselves Through Connections with Others / Theories about Personal Relationships: Living in Different Worlds? / The Ideal Nuclear Family / Feminist Perspectives on Marriage and the Family / Toward a Redefinition of Family Values / Miriam Ching Yoon Louie and Nguyen Louie, The Conversation Begins / Rachel Aber Schlesinger, Personal Reflections on Being a Grandmother: L’Chol Dor Va Dor / Andrea Canaan, Girlfriends / Stephanie Coontz, How Holding on to Tradition Sets Families Back / Leith Mullings, Households Headed by Women: The Politics of Race, Class, and Gender / Carol J. Gill and Larry A.Voss, Shattering Two Molds: Feminist Parents with Disabilities / Ann Filemyr, Loving Across the Boundary / Randy Albeda and Chris Tilly, Policies as if Families Really Mattered 6. VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN Dis-covering Violence against Women / The Incidence of Violence against Women / Explanations of Violence against Women / Ending Violence against Women / A War against Women? / Transforming a Rape Culture / Fernando Mederos, National Symposium on La Violencia Domestica: An Emerging Dialogue Among Latinos / Deanna L. Jang, Asian Immigrant Women Fight Domestic Violence / Grace Caroline Bridges, Lisa’s Ritual, Age 10 / Melba Wilson, Towards a Black Feminist Understanding of Child Sexual Abuse / Michael S. Kimmel, Clarence, William, Iron Mike, Tailhook, Senator Packwood, Spur Posse, Magic... and Us / Haki R. Madhubuti, On Becoming Anti-Rapist / Suzuyo Takazato, Sisters in Okinawa 7. LIVING IN A GLOBAL ECONOMY The Global Factory / The Global Economy / Implications of Global Economic Inequalities / The Seeds of a New Global Economy / Mari;a Patricia Fernandez-Kelly, Maquiladoras: The View from the Inside / Cynthia Enloe, The Globetrotting Sneaker / Caribbean Association for Feminist Research and Action, The Debt Crisis: Who Really Owes Whom? / Grace Chang, The Global Trade in Filipina Workers / Saskia Sassen, Immigrants in a Global Economy / Leslie Marmon Silko, The Border Patrol State / Diverse Women for Diversity, Seattle Declaration 8. WORK, WAGES, AND WELFARE Defining Women’s Work / Women in the U.S. Workforce / Pensions, Disability Payments, and Welfare / Feminist Approaches to Women’s Work and Income / Promoting Greater Economic Security for Women / Hattie Gossett, the cleaning woman/labor relations #4 / Teresa Amott and Julie Matthaei, The Transformation of Women’s Wage Work / He Works, She Works, But What Different Impressions They Make / Julianne Malveaux, Work, Worth, and Popular Culture / Shellee Colen, “With Respect and Feelings”: Voices of West Indian Child Care and Domestic Workers in New York City / Jeannine Ouellette Howitz, Reflections of a Feminist Mom / Erika Jones, Toward a More Perfect Union / Gwendolyn Mink, Feminists, Welfare Reform, and Welfare Justice 9. WOMEN’S HEALTH Causes of Death for Women: Effects of Race and Class / Reproductive Health / Health and Aging / Mental and Emotional Health / Medical Care: Business as Usual? / Health As Wellness / Rita Arditti and Tatiana Schreiber, Breast Cancer: The Environmental Connection / Marsha Saxton, Reproductive Rights: A Disability Rights Issue / Joy Harjo, Three Generations of Native American Women’s Birth Experience / Eileen Nechas and Denise Foley, Fallen Women: Alcoholics and Drug Users / Iris Zavala-Martinez, En la Lucha: The Economic and Socioemotional Struggles of Puerto Rican Women / Annette Dula, The Life and Death of Miss Mildred: An Elderly Black Woman / Ann Polinger Haas, Lesbian Health Issues: An Overview / Sia Nowrojee and Jael Silliman, Asian Women’s Health: Organizing a Movement 10. WOMEN, CRIME, AND CRIMINALIZATION The National Context: Get Tough on Crime / Women in the Criminal Justice System / Women Political Prisoners / Theories of Women and Crime / Equality with a Vengeance: Is Equal Treatment Fair Treatment?The Prison Industrial Complex / Inside/Outside Connections / Shannon Murray, Shannon’s Story / Nancy Kurshan, Behind the Walls: The History and Current Reality of Women’s Imprisonment / Dorothy E. Roberts, Punishing Drug Addicts Who Have Babies: Women of Color, Equality, and the Right of Privacy / Silvia Baraldini, Marilyn Buck, Susan Rosenberg, and Laura Whitehorn, Women’s Control Unit: Marianna, FL / Rita Takahashi, U.S. Concentration Camps and Exclusion Policies: Impact on Japanese American Women / Wendy A. Young, Three Chinese Women in Search of Asylum Held in U.S. Prisons 11. WOMEN AND THE MILITARY The Need for Women in the Military / The Military As Employer / Limitations to Women’s Equal Participation in the Military / Military Wives / The Impact of the U.S. Military on Women Overseas / Women’s Opposition to the Military / Melinda Smith-Wells, The Women in Blue / Jean Grossholtz, The Search for Peace and Justice: Notes Toward an Autobiography / Alma Bulawan and the Women of BUKLOD, What Are the Alternatives to a Military Base? / Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom, Women’s Budget / Women’s Pentagon Action, Unity Statement / Sonia Sanchez, Reflection After the June 12th March for Disarmament 12. WOMEN AND THE ENVIRONMENT Theoretical and Activist Perspectives / Connectedness and Sustainability / Karen Warren, Taking Empirical Data Seriously: An Ecofeminist Philosophical Perspective / Starhawk, Power, Authority, and Mystery: Ecofeminism and Earth-Based Spirituality / Bouapha Toummaly, Asians and Pacific Islanders in the Environment / Mililani Trask, Native Hawaiian Historical and Cultural Perspectives on Environmental Justice / Mary Pardo, Mexican American Women Grassroots Community Activists: ‘Mothers of East Los Angeles’ / The First National People of Color Environmental Leadership Summit, Principles of Environmental Justice / H. Patricia Hynes, Consumption: North American Perspectives 13. CREATING CHANGE: THEORY, VISION, AND ACTION Using the Head: Theories for Social Change / Using the Heart: Visions for Social Change / Using the Hands: Action for Social Change / Women and Politics / Building Alliances for Social Change / Creating a Secure and Sustainable World / Margaret Andersen, Women, Power, and Politics / Barbara Omolade, Ella’s Daughters / Barbara Macdonald, An Open Letter to the Women’s Movement (excerpt) / Gloria Yamato, Something About the Subject Makes it Hard to Name / Melanie Kaye/Kantrowitz, Jews, Class, Color, and the Cost of Whiteness / Suzanne Pharr, Multi-Issue Politics / Cynthia Cohen, Common Threads: Life Stories and the Arts in Educating for Social Change / Elizabeth Wilson-Compton, The Anti-Violence Coalition of Kentucky: An Experience in Alliance-Building Glossary References Credits