U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
Information Products Division |
U.S. Patent Classification System - Classification Definitions
as of June 30, 2000
Patents classified in a subclass may be accessed by either clicking on
the subclass number
preceding each subclass definition or on the
"
" icon, below.
( please note that patents for some subclasses may not be available )
For classification search strategies, please refer to the
Classification Index
Explanation of Data web page.
(definitions have been obtained from the
Patents ASSIST CD-ROM which
is produced by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
Electronic Products Branch)
Class 205
ELECTROLYSIS: PROCESSES, COMPOSITIONS USED THEREIN, AND
METHODS OF PREPARING THE COMPOSITIONS
Class Definition:
LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS
Class 205 is an integral part of Class 204. It incorporates
all the definitions and rules as to subject matter of Class
204.
Class 205 is an integral part of Class 204 (placed at the top
of the schedule) and follows the schedule hierarchy,
retaining all pertinent definitions and class lines of Class
204.
SUBCLASSES
Subclass:
43
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
ELECTROLYSIS INVOLVING ACTINIDE SERIES ELEMENT OR COMPOUND
(AT. NO. 89+) (PRODUCT, PROCESS, COMPOSITION, AND METHOD OF
PREPARING COMPOSITION):
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter wherein the processes involve the electrolysis
of, or upon, an actinide element or compound thereof.
(1) Note. The product of the electrolytic process may be an
element or compound other than an actinide series element or
compound.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use
Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures, 393 for the chemical production
of free actinide series metal.
148, Metal Treatment, subclass 132 for processes involving
heat treatment of the actinide series metal.
420, Alloys or Metallic Compositions, 2 for the chemical
production of actinide base alloys.
423, Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, 3 and 249+ for
nonelectrolytic processes of forming actinide series elements
or compounds.
534, Organic Compounds -- Part of the Class 532-570 Series,
11 for nonelectrolytic processes of forming organic
compounds of actinide series elements.
Subclass:
44
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Plutonium:
This subclass is indented under subclass 43. Subject matter
wherein the actinide series element is plutonium or a
compound thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use
Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures, 396 for the production of free
plutonium metal.
423, Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, subclass 251 for
nonelectrolytic processes of forming plutonium compound.
Subclass:
45
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Thorium:
This subclass is indented under subclass 43. Subject matter
wherein the actinide series element is thorium or a compound
thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use
Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures, 394 for the production of free
thorium metal.
423, Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, subclass 252 for
nonelectrolytic processes of forming thorium compound.
Subclass:
46
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Uranium:
This subclass is indented under subclass 43. Subject matter
wherein the actinide series element is uranium or a compound
thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use
Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures, 398 for the production of free
uranium metal.
420, Alloys or Metallic Compositions, subclass 3 for the
chemical production of uranium base alloys.
423, Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, 253 for
nonelectrolytic processes of forming uranium compound.
Subclass:
47
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Utilizing fused bath:
This subclass is indented under subclass 46. Subject matter
wherein the electrolytic process is carried out in an
electrolytic medium consisting of a substance or combination
or mixture of substances which are heated above ordinary,
normal room temperature during a process in order to bring
the substance or substances to a fluid or liquid condition
(e.g., a molten bath, etc.).
Subclass:
48
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Involving electrolytic coating, etching, or polishing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 46. Subject matter
wherein the process includes an electrolytic coating or
etching or polishing step.
Subclass:
49
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Uranium containing compound produced:
This subclass is indented under subclass 46. Subject matter
wherein a uranium containing compound is produced.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
423, Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, 253 for
nonelectrolytic processes of preparing uranium compound.
Subclass:
50
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Product produced by electrolysis involving electrolytic
marking, battery electrode active material forming,
electroforming or electrolytic coating:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter wherein a product is made by the process of
electrolytic marking, utilizing electrolysis to form battery
electrode active material, electroforming or electrolytic
coating with the following exception: products which form two
or more contiguous metallic layers (see Class 428).
Subclass:
51
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Superconductor preparation involving electrolytic marking,
electroforming or electrolytic coating, or composition
therefor:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter wherein an article described as a
superconductor is prepared utilizing electrolytic marking,
electroforming, or electrolytic coating.
Subclass:
52
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Electrolytic marking or composition therefor:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter for the development of successive marks,
letters, designs and the like, upon a surface or within the
body of a carrier, wherein electrical impulses from an
electrode are employed to create by electrolysis, at selected
areas, different colors, shades, or shapes resulting in the
desired symbol (e.g., electroprinting, etc.).
(1) Note. This subclass also includes compositions, not
elsewhere provided for, particularly adapted to carry out the
processes herein included.
(2) Note. It is the general rule of classification to
classify a process of preparing a composition along with the
composition. In these circumstances where only a process of
preparing a composition is claimed and there is no claim to a
composition, the claims would be classified identically as if
there were a composition claimed.
(3) Note. The symbols must consist of a series successively
formed, otherwise the process will be found in this class,
subclass 118 and indented subclasses.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
178, Telegraphy, subclass 62 for chemical or electrical
methods of recording messages transmitted by current impulses
other than by electrolysis and apparatus for carrying out
such processes including those involving electrolysis.
346, Recorders, appropriate subclasses for apparatus
involving similar processes and peculiarly adapted to record
the movements of instruments, machines, and the like.
358, Facsimile and Static Presentation Processing, 296 for
processes and apparatus specialized for formation of optical
facsimiles wherein the image is developed by electrolysis or
other electrical modes or by chemical changes.
386, Television Signal Processing for Dynamic Recording or
Reproducing, subclass 127 for television recording having
thermoplastic record.
Subclass:
53
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing inorganic color forming material other than
carbon:
This subclass is indented under subclass 52. Subject matter
wherein an inorganic color-forming material other than carbon
is utilized.
(1) Note. Where the mark is produced by reaction or complex
formation between an organic compound and an inorganic
material electrolytically released (e.g., iodine, etc.) the
subject matter is placed here.
Subclass:
54
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing organic color-forming material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 52. Subject matter
wherein an organic color-forming material is utilized.
Subclass:
55
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Heterocyclic color-forming material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 54. Subject matter
wherein the organic color-forming material contains a
heterocyclic ring.
Subclass:
56
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Hydroxyl or carboxyl group-containing color- forming
material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 54. Subject matter
wherein the organic color-forming material contains a
hydroxyl (OH) or carboxyl (COOH) group.
Subclass:
57
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Utilizing electrolysis to form battery electrode active
material or composition therefor:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter wherein battery electrode active material is
formed or deposited utilizing electrolysis and compositions
used for such electrolysis.
Subclass:
58
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Organic active material other than organic metal salt:
This subclass is indented under subclass 57. Subject matter
wherein the active material is organic and not an organic
metal salt.
Subclass:
59
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Group IA metal-containing active material (e.g., Li, Na, K,
etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 57. Subject matter
wherein the active material contains a metal from group IA of
the Periodic Table of Elements (e.g., Li, Na, K, etc.) as an
essential constituent.
Subclass:
60
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Nickel-containing active material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 57. Subject matter
wherein the active material contains nickel as an essential
constituent.
Subclass:
61
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Cadmium-containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 60. Subject matter
wherein the active material also contains cadmium as an
essential ingredient.
Subclass:
62
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Cadmium-containing active material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 57. Subject matter
wherein the active material contains cadmium as an essential
constituent.
Subclass:
63
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Lead-containing active material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 57. Subject matter
wherein the active material contains lead as an essential
constituent.
Subclass:
64
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Zinc-containing active material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 57. Subject matter
wherein the active material contains zinc as an essential
constituent.
Subclass:
65
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Silver-containing active material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 57. Subject matter
wherein the active material contains silver as an essential
constituent.
Subclass:
66
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Iron- or tin-containing active material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 57. Subject matter
wherein the active material contains iron or tin as an
essential constituent.
Subclass:
67
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Electroforming or composition therefor:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter involving the reproduction or formation of
objects by electrodeposition in which the deposit does not
remain with the base upon which deposition is made and
compositions therefor.
(1) Note. Subsequent process steps of separation from the
base, backing up the deposit and conventional steps such as
washing, drying and the like are included here when in
combination with the electrodeposition step or steps.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, 471 for
electrophoretic or electro-osmotic coating or forming of an
object and subclasses 192.1+ for processes of forming objects
by sputtering.
Subclass:
68
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Recording device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 67. Subject matter
wherein recordings or records and record matrices or molds
are produced (e.g., sound recordings, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, appropriate subclasses for processes, within the
class definition, for shaping or moulding plastic materials.
In particular, see 106 pertaining to forming sound grooves
in records.
Subclass:
69
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Printing plate or electrotype:
This subclass is indented under subclass 67. Subject matter
wherein printing plates or electrotypes are produced.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
68 for processes of reproducing to form dies and molds
useful in the preparation of records.
72 for processes sometimes referred to as electrotyping,
which result in the production of decorative plaques or
lettered plates not used in printing.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
101, Printing, subclass 401.1 and indented subclasses for
processes in general for making printing members.
Subclass:
70
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Mold, mask, or masterform:
This subclass is indented under subclass 67. Subject matter
wherein molds, masks, or masterforms are produced.
Subclass:
71
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Mirror or reflector:
This subclass is indented under subclass 67. Subject matter
wherein mirrors or reflectors are produced.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
116 for processes for the preparation of mirror and
reflectors wherein the metal coat remains on the deposition
base.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
838 for processes of making mirrors and reflectors not
provided for in a particular process class.
Subclass:
72
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Ornamental article:
This subclass is indented under subclass 67. Subject matter
wherein ornamental articles are produced.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
69 and 70, for the preparation of printing plates, molds, or
masterforms to be used in the formation of decorative designs
on other objects.
120 for the preparation of designs on a base wherein the
electrolytic coat remains on the base when finished.
Subclass:
73
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Roll, ring, or hollow body:
This subclass is indented under subclass 67. Subject matter
wherein rolls, rings, or hollow bodies are produced.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
76 for processes wherein rings or rolls are formed, stripped
and cut to make sheets or strips.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, for diverse manufacturing and metal
working processes in general for producing hollow articles,
see especially 1.2, 435, 454, 455.1, 463, 888+, 889.72+,
890.03+, 890.06, 890.08, 890.12+, 890.14+, 895+, and 899.1.
492, Roll or Roller, for a roll, per se, not elsewhere
provided for, and see the notes thereunder.
Subclass:
74
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Powder, flakes, or colloidal particles:
This subclass is indented under subclass 67. Subject matter
wherein the objects formed are powder, flakes, or colloidal
particles.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
516, Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations
Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or
Inhibiting, appropriate subclasses for subject matter
relating to: colloid systems (such as sols*, emulsions,
dispersions, foams, aerosols, smokes, gels, or pastes) or
wetting agents (such as leveling, penetrating, or spreading);
subcombination compositions of colloid systems containing at
least an agent specialized and designed for or peculiar to
use in making or stabilizing colloid systems; compositions
and subcombination compositions specialized and designed for
or peculiar to use in breaking (resolving) or inhibiting
colloid systems; processes of making the compositions or
systems of the class; processes of breaking (resolving) or
inhibiting colloid systems; in each instance, when
generically claimed or when there is no hierarchically
superior provision in the USPC for the specifically claimed
art.
Subclass:
75
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Perforated or foraminous article:
This subclass is indented under subclass 67. Subject matter
wherein the objects formed are perforated or foraminous.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
150 for the formation of permanent coats on predominantly
single metal or alloy perforated or foraminous substrates.
161 for the formation of permanent coats on predominantly
nonmetal perforated or foraminous substrates.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, subclass 596
for metallic stock material having an aperture or cut.
Subclass:
76
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Sheet, web, wire, or filament:
This subclass is indented under subclass 67. Subject matter
wherein the object produced is a sheet, web, wire, or
filament.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
74 for the production of films by electroforming with
subsequent reduction to flakes, etc., subclass 75 for
production of perforated or foraminous sheets or webs, and
subclasses 138 and 152+ for formation of permanent coats on
sheets, webs, wires, or filaments.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclass 150 and 151 for laminating processes combined with
a Class 204 coating step.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, 544 for stock
material which is all metal or has adjacent metal components,
especially subclasses 606+ for foils and filaments smaller
than 6 mils.
Subclass:
77
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Of indeterminate length:
This subclass is indented under subclass 76. Subject matter
wherein the sheets, webs, wires, or filaments formed are of
indeterminate length.
(1) Note. Generally this subclass, as distinguished from
the preceding one, includes processes in which the article is
produced continuously; however, it is not restricted to such
but includes all processes resulting in the formation of such
articles of no defined length.
Subclass:
78
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Electrical product:
This subclass is indented under subclass 67. Subject matter
wherein the product produced is described as having utility
as an electrical element.
Subclass:
79
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Optical element:
This subclass is indented under subclass 67. Subject matter
wherein the product produced is described as having utility
as an optical element.
Subclass:
80
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Electrolytic coating (process, composition and method of
preparing composition):
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Process directed to the formation or deposition by an
electrolytic action of a permanent coating material or
materials upon a base, electrolyte compositions therefor and
methods of making said electrolyte compositions.
(1) Note. It is intended by the phrase "permanent coating"
to include those coatings which remain part of the finished
article as distinguished from those coatings which are
stripped from a base as provided for in subclass 67, and
indented subclasses.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, 471 for
electrophoretic or electro-osmotic coating or forming of an
object and subclasses 192.12+ for glow discharge sputter
deposition (e.g., cathode sputtering, etc.).
Subclass:
81
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Involving measuring, analyzing, or testing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Subject matter
wherein the process includes a step of measuring, analyzing,
or testing.
Subclass:
82
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Controlling coating process in response to measured or
detected parameter:
This subclass is indented under subclass 81. Subject matter
wherein the electrolytic coating process is controlled in
response to a measured or detected parameter thereof or of a
characteristic of the electrolytic coating formed.
Subclass:
83
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Parameter is current, current density, or voltage:
This subclass is indented under subclass 82. Subject matter
wherein the parameter measured or detected is the current,
current density, or voltage of the electrolytic coating
process.
Subclass:
84
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Parameter is thickness, weight, or composition of coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 82. Subject matter
wherein the characteristic measured, analyzed, or tested is
the thickness, weight, or composition of the electrolytic
coating.
Subclass:
85
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Displacement or replacement coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Subject matter
wherein a coating is formed on a substrate by the phenomenon
usually known as displacement or replacement plating wherein
a more active metal part of the surface of an object is
dissolved and replaced by a less active metal coating derived
from a bath composition.
Subclass:
86
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Employing internal battery action during coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Subject matter
wherein the electric current is self-generated and without
the use of an external power source.
Subclass:
87
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Simultaneous deplating and plating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Subject matter
wherein a coating is electrolytically deposited or formed on
an article while simultaneously electrolytically removing a
coating therefrom.
(1) Note. This subclass does not include periodic reversal
electroplating wherein plating and deplating occur
sequentially.
Subclass:
88
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing subatmospheric or superatmospheric pressure during
coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Subject matter
wherein the electrolytic coating process is performed under a
subatmospheric or superatmospheric pressure which means a
pressure other than the normal atmospheric pressure in the
surrounding atmosphere.
Subclass:
89
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing magnet or magnetic field during coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Subject matter
wherein a magnet or magnetic field is used during the
electrolytic coating process.
Subclass:
90
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Ferromagnetic material deposited:
This subclass is indented under subclass 89. Subject matter
wherein a ferromagnetic material is electrolytically
deposited under the influence of a magnetic field.
Subclass:
91
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing electromagnetic wave energy during coating (e.g.,
visible light, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Subject matter
wherein the electrolytic action is supplemented by the
application of electromagnetic wave energy.
Subclass:
92
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Energy produced by laser:
This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Subject matter
wherein the electromagnetic wave energy is provided by a
laser.
Subclass:
93
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Contacting coating as it forms with solid member or material
other than electrode:
This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Subject matter
wherein the coating is simultaneously contacted by solid
material or a solid member other than an electrode as it is
formed (e.g., simultaneous electroplating and honing,
simultaneous electroplating and burnishing, etc.).
Subclass:
94
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing mist prevention:
This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Subject matter
wherein misting of the electrolyte is prevented by, for
example, the use of chemical additives or by physical means
(e.g., foaming means, particles floating on the bath, etc.).
Subclass:
95
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Coating has specified thickness variation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Subject matter
wherein the electrolytic coating is carried out in such a
manner that the coating is deliberately nonuniform in
thickness.
Subclass:
96
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Controlling current distribution within bath:
This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Subject matter
wherein the electrolytic process is carried out with means
present or with control thereof such that a desired current
distribution is maintained on the article being coated.
Subclass:
97
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Shaped counterelectrode:
This subclass is indented under subclass 96. Subject matter
wherein a shaped counterelectrode is used to control the
current distribution on the article being coated (e.g., a
counterelectrode matching the profile of the article being
coated, etc.).
Subclass:
98
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Treating process fluid by means other than agitation or
heating or cooling:
This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Subject matter
wherein fluids used in the process (e.g., electrolytes, rinse
water, effluents, etc.) are physically, electrically, or
chemically treated (e.g., recovery of chemicals,
purification, effluent discharge, etc.).
Subclass:
99
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Purifying electrolyte:
This subclass is indented under subclass 98. Subject matter
wherein the electrolyte is purified by removing or
inactivating contaminants or interferents therefrom (e.g.,
dummying, ion exchange, precipitation, filtering, activated
carbon treatment, complexation, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, for processes of
chemical or physical purification of liquids in general.
Subclass:
100
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Treating rinse solution (e.g., rinse water, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 98. Subject matter
wherein the process fluid treated is a rinse solution (e.g.,
recovery and reuse of rinse water, recovery of plating
chemicals from rinse water, etc.).
Subclass:
101
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Regenerating or maintaining electrolyte (e.g.,
self-regulating bath, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 98. Subject matter
wherein the electrolyte ingredients are regenerated or
maintained to optimum condition (e.g., self-regulating bath,
recirculation of electrolyte through metal pieces to supply
metal ions for plating, etc.).
Subclass:
102
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Depositing predominantly single metal or alloy coating on
single metal or alloy using specified waveform other than
pure DC:
This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Subject matter
wherein a predominantly single metal or alloy coating is
deposited on single metal or alloy utilizing an electric
current which is not pure DC (e.g., stepped voltage, etc.).
Subclass:
103
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Reversing current or voltage:
This subclass is indented under subclass 102. Subject matter
wherein the specified waveform is a reversing current or
voltage which has a positive and negative component (e.g.,
periodic reversed current, superimposed AC on DC, etc.).
Subclass:
104
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Nonreversing pulsed current or voltage:
This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Subject matter
wherein the specified waveform repetitively changes from one
current or voltage level to another (e.g., pulses of current
separated by periods of no current flow, etc.).
Subclass:
105
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Depositing predominantly single metal or alloy coating on
nonmetal using specified waveform other than pure DC or 60 Hz
sine wave AC (e.g., single metal or alloy coating within or
above pores of anodic oxide layer, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Subject matter
wherein the current or voltage used is other than pure DC or
60 Hz sine wave AC (e.g., periodic reversed current, pulsed
current, superimposed AC on DC, etc.) and wherein a
predominantly single metal or alloy is deposited on nonmetal
(e.g., copper on anodic oxide, etc.).
(1) Note. A metal is defined as an electropositive chemical
element characterized by ductility, malleability, luster,
conductivity of heat and electricity, which can replace the
hydrogen of an acid and forms bases with the hydroxyl
radical.
Subclass:
106
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Forming nonmetal coating using specified waveform other than
pure DC or 60 Hz sine wave AC (e.g., anodic oxide coating,
etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Subject matter
wherein the electric current is not pure DC or 60 Hz sine
wave AC (e.g., stepped voltage, etc.) and where the coating
formed is predominantly a nonmetal (e.g., anodic oxide,
chromate, Si, phosphate, Se, etc.).
(1) Note. The terminology "nonmetal" is treated as excluding
alloys and elemental metal.
Subclass:
107
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Reversing current or voltage:
This subclass is indented under subclass 106. Subject matter
wherein the specified waveform is a reversing current or
voltage which has a positive and negative component (e.g.,
periodic reversed current, superimposed AC on DC, etc.).
Subclass:
108
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Nonreversing pulsed current or voltage:
This subclass is indented under subclass 106. Subject matter
wherein the specified waveform repetitively changes from one
current or voltage level to another (e.g., pulses of current
separated by periods of no current flow, etc.) and wherein
the pulses contain no reversed pulses.
Subclass:
109
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Coating contains embedded solid material (e.g., particles,
etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Subject matter
wherein solid material becomes embedded in the coating as a
distinct phase and the solid material is supplied by solid
material in the electrolyte or solid material sprinkled or
placed upon a substrate and embedded in the coating as it
forms.
Subclass:
110
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Abrasive article produced:
This subclass is indented under subclass 109. Subject matter
wherein the article produced has abrasive utility (e.g.,
substrate coated with a nickel layer containing embedded
silicon carbide particles or diamond particles, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
51, Abrasive Tool Making Process, Material, or Composition,
for other methods of preparing an abrasive tool.
Subclass:
111
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Coating is dendritic or nodular:
This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Subject matter
wherein the coating process is performed to achieve a
dendritic or nodular coating (e.g., nodular copper, etc.).
Subclass:
112
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Coating is discontinuous single metal or alloy layer (e.g.,
islands, porous layer, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Subject matter
wherein the coating process is performed to achieve a metal
layer which has a plurality of discontinuities therein (e.g.,
microporous layer, islands, etc.).
Subclass:
113
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Coating is microcracked:
This subclass is indented under subclass 112. Subject matter
wherein the discontinuous coating is described as
microcracked (e.g., microcracked chromium, etc.).
Subclass:
114
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Uniting two separate solid materials:
This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Subject matter
wherein the electrolytic coating is used to unite distinct
articles or parts of an article one to another.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, 592 for miscellaneous process of
manufacture, assembly and disassembly; subclasses 424, 458+,
460, and 527.1+ for processes of coating combined with
assembly and/or metal working steps.
228, Metal Fusion Bonding, appropriate subclasses for the
process of uniting surfaces by a metallurgical bond.
Subclass:
115
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Repairing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Subject matter
wherein the electrolytic coating is used to restore a
previously worn or degraded coating (e.g., worn bearing
surfaces, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, 402.01 and 402.18 and the notes thereto
for other processes of repair.
Subclass:
116
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Mirror or reflector produced:
This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Subject matter
wherein mirrors and reflectors are produced by electrolytic
coating.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
838 for processes of making mirrors not provided for in a
particular process class.
427, Coating Processes, 162 for processes of making optical
elements by coating means other than electrodeposition or
Class 204 coating process.
Subclass:
117
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing brush or absorbent applicator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Subject matter
wherein a brush or absorbent applicator is utilized to apply
electrolyte to the substrate and in which the brush or
absorbent application comprises a counterelectrode.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
93 for subject matter wherein a coating is contacted as it
forms with a solid member or material other than an
electrode.
Subclass:
118
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Coating selected area:
This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Subject matter
wherein a coating is formed on at least one restricted or
selected area of the substrate, the restricted or selected
area or areas including less than the total surface area of
the substrate.
(1) Note. Coating the entire substrate followed by removing
selected areas of the coating are not herein included.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
52 for electrolytic marking.
221 for subject matter wherein a selected area of an
electrolytic or nonelectrolytic coating is treated after it
is formed.
Subclass:
119
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Depositing ferromagnetic coating or coating ferromagnetic
substrate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Subject matter
wherein the coating that is deposited is ferromagnetic or the
substrate onto which the coating is deposited is
ferromagnetic.
Subclass:
120
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Design or ornamental article produced:
This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Subject matter
directed to the preparation of designs and ornamental
articles wherein decorative effects are produced by
restricting the coatings to selected areas.
Subclass:
121
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Predominantly nonmetal electrolytic coating (e.g., anodic
oxide, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 120. Subject matter
wherein the coating is predominantly comprised of nonmetal
material such as, for example, an oxide formed by anodizing.
Subclass:
122
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Specified product produced:
This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Subject matter
for the production of a product which is specified and which
has a disclosed or claimed function wherein the coating of a
selected area of a substrate either transforms the substrate
into the specified product or simply serves to deposit
material on a substrate which before coating was already
identifiable as the specified product.
Subclass:
123
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Product is semiconductor or includes semiconductor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 122. Subject matter
wherein the specified product is a semiconductor or includes
a semiconductor as part of the product.
(1) Note. "Semiconductor" is a generic term for (a) a
substance or material whose electronic conductivity at
ordinary temperature is intermediate between that of a metal
and an insulator and whose conductivity is capable of being
modified by the addition of a dopant, (b) an electronic
device the main functioning parts are made from semiconductor
materials.
(2) Note. This subclass and subclasses indented hereunder
include processes of electrolytic coating, per se, on or with
a semiconductor material and combinations of electrolytic
coating with an additional step or steps which are
preparatory treatments that adapt the material for
electrolytic coating or which perfect the electrolytic
coating.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
438, Semiconductor Device Manufacturing: Processes, for (a)
combined processes and (b) certain unit operations of
manufacturing a semiconductive substrate or device.
Subclass:
124
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Predominantly nonmetal electrolytic coating (e.g., anodic
oxide, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 123. Subject matter
wherein the coating is predominantly comprised of nonmetal
material such as, for example, an oxide formed by anodizing.
Subclass:
125
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Product is circuit board or printed circuit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 122. Subject matter
wherein the specified product is a circuit board or printed
circuit.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, 829 for processes of conductor or circuit
manufacturing on a flat or curved insulated substrate (e.g.,
printed circuit, etc.).
174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, 250 for
structures in which a conductor is formed on or attached to a
panel or sheet-like insulating body so as to make a preformed
panel circuit arrangement (e.g., printed circuit, etc.)
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, appropriate
subclasses for a single or plural layer stock material
product which involves no more structure than a base having a
conductive layer coated thereon or impregnated therein, see
especially 411.1 for a nonstructural composite product
characterized solely by the composition of the layers,
subclass 601 for metallic stock having a discontinuous
surface component, e.g., printed circuit, and subclass 901 (a
cross-reference art collection) for a printed circuit
device.
Subclass:
126
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Electroless coating from bath containing metal ions and
reducing agent prior to electrolytic coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 125. Subject matter
wherein prior to electrolytic coating a coating is deposited
by electroless (i.e., autocatalytic) coating from a bath
containing metal ions and a reducing agent.
Subclass:
127
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Product is printing member:
This subclass is indented under subclass 122. Subject matter
for the preparation of the printing surface of a sheet,
plate, roll, or other member employed in printing by
electrolytically forming a coating on a selected area of the
surface.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
101, Printing, subclass 401.1 and indented subclasses.
430, Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or
Product Thereof, subclasses 300-310 for processes of making
a printing plate utilizing radiation imagery chemistry.
Subclass:
128
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Simultaneous or sequential coating of a plurality of separate
articles:
This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Subject matter
wherein a selected area of each of a plurality of separate
articles which may be the same as or different from each
other are simultaneously or sequentially coated.
(1) Note. The separate articles may be joined together to
expedite the coating process.
Subclass:
129
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Selectively coating moving substrate of indeterminate length
(e.g., strip, wire, fiber, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Subject matter
wherein the substrate moves past the location(s) where
coating occurs and is characterized by having a length which
is indeterminate.
Subclass:
130
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Completely coating one side of strip:
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Subject matter
wherein one side of a strip is completely coated.
Subclass:
131
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Internal coating (e.g., coating inside of cylinder, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Subject matter
wherein the substrate has both internal and external surfaces
and a coating is applied to an internal surface.
Subclass:
132
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Moving counterelectrode:
This subclass is indented under subclass 131. Subject matter
wherein a moving counterelectrode is utilized.
Subclass:
133
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Directing electrolyte to selected area (e.g., jet plating,
etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Subject matter
wherein the electrolyte is directed to the selected area to
be plated.
(1) Note. Processes wherein the electrolyte is merely
confined over a selected area of the substrate are not
included herein.
Subclass:
134
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Partially submerging substrate in bath:
This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Subject matter
wherein during coating the substrate is only partially
submerged in the electrolyte bath.
Subclass:
135
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing specified mask material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Subject matter
wherein a mask made of specified material is utilized in
coating a selected area of the substrate.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclass 904 for etching resist compositions.
Subclass:
136
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing means other than mask:
This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Subject matter
wherein a selected area of the substrate is coated without
the use of a mask.
Subclass:
137
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Coating moving substrate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Subject matter
wherein the substrate is moved during coating.
(1) Note. Mere insertion of the substrate into or
withdrawal from the electrolyte bath is not considered to be
movement for the purposes of this subclass.
Subclass:
138
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Indeterminate length (e.g., strip, wire, fiber, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 137. Subject matter
wherein the substrate moves past the location(s) where
coating occurs and is characterized by having a length which
is indeterminate
(1) Note. Unless otherwise specified, a substrate in the
form of a strip, wire or fiber of indeterminate length is
considered to be a moving substrate.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, appropriate
subclasses for a stock material in the form of a composite or
plural component web or sheet and not elsewhere provided for.
See also Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, in
Class 428, for further discussion of this topic.
Subclass:
139
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Predominantly aluminum substrate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 138. Subject matter
wherein elemental aluminum is the major or predominant
constituent of the substrate.
Subclass:
140
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Tin-containing coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 138. Subject matter
wherein the coating contains tin in either free or combined
form.
Subclass:
141
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Zinc-containing coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 138. Subject matter
wherein the coating contains zinc in either free or combined
form.
Subclass:
142
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Chromium-containing coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 138. Subject matter
wherein the coating contains chromium in either free or
combined form.
Subclass:
143
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Rotary (e.g., barrel plating, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 137. Subject matter
wherein the article or articles being coated undergo rotary
motion or wherein the container or holder supporting the
article or articles undergoes rotary motion during coating.
Subclass:
144
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing fluidized bed (e.g., coating particles, flakes,
granules, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 137. Subject matter
wherein a fluidized bed is utilized for coating substrate
which, for example, may be in the form of particles, flakes,
or granules.
Subclass:
145
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Simultaneous or sequential coating of a plurality of separate
articles:
This subclass is indented under subclass 137. Subject matter
wherein a plurality of separate articles which may be the
same as or different from each other are simultaneously or
sequentially coated.
(1) Note. The separate articles may be joined together to
expedite the coating process.
Subclass:
146
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Reciprocating substrate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 137. Subject matter
wherein the substrate is moved back and forth during
coating.
Subclass:
147
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Applying current to substrate without mechanical contact
(e.g., liquid contact, bipolar electrode, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Subject matter
wherein electric current is applied to the substrate without
mechanically contacting the substrate with a solid
current-carrying member.
Subclass:
148
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Agitating or moving electrolyte during coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Subject matter
wherein the electrolyte is agitated or moved during coating.
Subclass:
149
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Coating predominantly single metal or alloy substrate of
specified shape:
This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Subject matter
wherein the substrate is predominantly comprised of a single
metal or alloy and in which the shape or configuration of the
substrate is specified.
Subclass:
150
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Perforated, foraminous, or permeable substrate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 149. Subject matter
wherein the substrate is perforated, foraminous, or
permeable.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, 131 and 596+
for a stock material product in which a component includes
apertures. See also Lines With Other Classes and Within This
Class, in Class 428, for further discussion of this topic.
442, Fabric (Woven, Knitted, or Nonwoven Textile or Cloth,
etc.), 1 for a knitted or open mesh fabric.
Subclass:
151
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Cylinder, roll, or hollow article:
This subclass is indented under subclass 149. Subject matter
wherein the substrate is in the form of a cylinder, roll, or
hollow article.
Subclass:
152
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Sheet, plate, or foil:
This subclass is indented under subclass 149. Subject matter
wherein the substrate is in the form of a sheet, plate, or
foil.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
150 and 161, for sheets of perforated, foraminous or
permeable structure.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclass 150 and 151 for laminating processes combined with
a Class 204 or Class 205 coating step.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, appropriate
subclasses for a stock material product in the form of a
composite or plural component web or sheet and not elsewhere
provided for. See also Lines With Other Classes and Within
This Class, in Class 428, for further discussion of this
topic.
Subclass:
153
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Predominantly aluminum substrate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 152. Subject matter
wherein elemental aluminum is the major or predominant
constituent of the substrate.
Subclass:
154
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Tin-containing coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 152. Subject matter
wherein the coating contains tin in either free or combined
form.
Subclass:
155
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Zinc-containing coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 152. Subject matter
wherein the coating contains zinc in either free or combined
form.
Subclass:
156
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Chromium-containing coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 152. Subject matter
wherein the coating contains chromium in either free or
combined form.
Subclass:
157
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Coating predominantly semiconductor substrate (e.g., silicon,
compound semiconductor, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Subject matter
wherein the major or predominant constituent of the substrate
is a semiconductor.
(1) Note. See subclass 123, (1) Note, for the
definition of a semiconductor.
(2) Note. This subclass includes processes of electrolytic
coating, per se, on a semiconductor material and combinations
of electrolytic coating with an additional step or steps
which are preparatory treatments that adapt the material for
electrolytic coating or which perfect the electrolytic
coating.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
438, Semiconductor Device Manufacturing: Processes, for (a)
combined processes and (b) certain unit operations of
manufacturing a semiconductive substrate or device.
Subclass:
158
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Coating a substrate predominantly comprised of nonconductive
material to which conductive material or material which can
be converted into conductive material has been added (e.g.,
nonconductive polymer substrate containing carbon or copper
oxide particles, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Subject matter
wherein the substrate predominantly comprises a mixture of a
first material the electrical conductivity of which is
insufficient to allow it to carry adequate current to be
directly electroplated and a second material which is
electrically conductive or can be treated to make it
electrically conductive.
(1) Note. The substrate may be a homogeneous mixture of the
first and second material or the second material may be
present only at or near the surface of the substrate.
(2) Note. Coating with a conductive material is excluded and
placed below, see subclasses 163 and 165-169.
Subclass:
159
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Coating predominantly nonmetal substrate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Subject matter
wherein the major or predominant constituent of the substrate
is a nonmetal.
Subclass:
160
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Fabric substrate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 159. Subject matter
wherein the substrate is in the form of a fabric.
(1) Note. For coating of metallic wire cloth, see this
class, subclass 150.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, 175, 190, 193,
and 196+ for a stock material product embodying mechanically
interengaged strands and strand portions (e.g., weave, knit,
etc.). See also Lines With Other Classes and Within This
Class, in Class 428, for further discussion of this topic.
442, Fabric (Woven, Knitted, or Nonwoven Textile or Cloth,
etc.), 59 for a coated or impregnated fabric.
Subclass:
161
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Perforated, foraminous, or permeable substrate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 159. Subject matter
wherein the substrate is perforated, foraminous, or
permeable.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, 131 and 596+
for a stock material product in which a component includes
apertures. See also Lines With Other Classes and Within This
Class, in Class 428, for further discussion of this topic.
442, Fabric (Woven, Knitted, or Nonwoven Textile or Cloth,
etc.), 1 for a knitted or open mesh fabric.
Subclass:
162
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Ceramic or glass substrate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 159. Subject matter
wherein the major or predominant constituent of the substrate
is a ceramic or glass.
Subclass:
163
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Conductive material applied to substrate by painting,
spraying, or immersion (e.g., electroless plating, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 162. Subject matter
wherein conductive material is applied to the substrate by
painting, spraying, or immersion before the substrate is
electrolytically coated.
Subclass:
164
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Synthetic resin substrate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 159. Subject matter
wherein the major or predominant constituent of the substrate
is a synthetic resin.
Subclass:
165
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Conductive material applied to substrate by vacuum or vapor
deposition:
This subclass is indented under subclass 164. Subject matter
wherein conductive material is applied to the substrate by
vacuum or vapor deposition before the substrate is
electrolytically coated.
Subclass:
166
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Conductive material applied to substrate by painting,
spraying, or immersion:
This subclass is indented under subclass 164. Subject matter
wherein conductive material is applied to the substrate by
painting, spraying, or immersion before the substrate is
electrolytically coated.
Subclass:
167
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Conductive material applied to substrate by plating from bath
containing metal ions and reducing agent (e.g., electroless
plating, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 164. Subject matter
wherein conductive material is applied to the substrate by
plating from a bath containing metal ions and a reducing
agent before the substrate is electrolytically coated.
Subclass:
168
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Resin contains etchable filler:
This subclass is indented under subclass 167. Subject matter
wherein the synthetic resin contains a filler material which
may be at least partially removed by etching.
Subclass:
169
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Conductive material is copper or nickel:
This subclass is indented under subclass 167. Subject matter
wherein the major or predominant constituent of the
conductive material is copper or nickel.
Subclass:
170
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Forming multiple superposed electrolytic coatings:
This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Subject matter
wherein a plurality of distinct superposed electrolytic
coatings are formed on a substrate.
(1) Note. A single coat, layer, or film built up of a
series of substantially identical coatings, one superimposed
or added to the other or others, is not placed here but may
be found in the appropriate subclass dependent upon the
composition of the layer or coat formed. For example, a
process of coating copper on a rotating surface that is
repeatedly immersed in the electrolyte and withdrawn will be
found in subclass 143 even though a great number of thin
films join together to form one distinct coat.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, appropriate
subclasses for stock material or articles having adjacent
metal layers.
Subclass:
171
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
At least one anodic coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 170. Subject matter
wherein one or more of the coatings consists essentially of
an anodic coating or in which the anodic composition is an
essential constituent.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, subclass 628
for composite metallic stock material having an additional
nonmetal component which is a compound of an adjacent metal.
Subclass:
172
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Predominantly aluminum substrate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 171. Subject matter
wherein the substrate coated is predominantly aluminum (e.g.,
pure aluminum or an alloy in which the predominant ingredient
is aluminum, etc.).
Subclass:
173
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Electrolytically depositing material only within or above
pores of anodic coating (e.g., electrolytic coloring, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 172. Subject matter
wherein material is electrolytically deposited only within or
above the pores of a porous anodic coating (e.g.,
electrolytically depositing pigment material in the pores,
etc.).
Subclass:
174
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Multiple anodic coatings:
This subclass is indented under subclass 173. Subject matter
wherein multiple anodic coatings are formed.
Subclass:
175
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Multiple anodic coatings:
This subclass is indented under subclass 171. Subject matter
wherein multiple anodic coatings are formed.
Subclass:
176
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
At least one alloy coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 170. Subject matter
wherein one of the coatings consists essentially of an alloy
(e.g. brass, bronze, etc.).
(1) Note. The coating must be alloy as deposited form the
bath.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
228 for subject matter wherein the coating forms an alloy as
a result of a heat treatment.
Subclass:
177
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
At least one predominantly zinc metal coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 170. Subject matter
wherein one of the coatings is predominantly zinc.
Subclass:
178
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
At least one chromium-containing coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 170. Subject matter
wherein one of the coatings contains chromium in the free
metal or combined state (e.g., chromium, chromate, chromium
oxide, etc.).
Subclass:
179
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Multiple chromium-containing coatings:
This subclass is indented under subclass 178. Subject matter
wherein more than one of the coatings contain chromium in the
free metal or combined state.
Subclass:
180
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
At least one predominantly nickel metal coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 178. Subject matter
wherein one of the coatings is predominantly nickel metal
(e.g., Cu-Ni-Cr, etc.).
Subclass:
181
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
At least one predominantly nickel metal coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 170. Subject matter
wherein at least one of the coatings is predominantly nickel
metal.
Subclass:
182
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
At least one predominantly copper metal coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 170. Subject matter
wherein at least one of the coatings is predominantly copper
metal.
Subclass:
183
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Forming nonelectrolytic coating before depositing
predominantly single metal or alloy electrolytic coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Subject matter
wherein a permanent coating is formed by a nonelectrolytic
coating process before a predominantly single metal or alloy
coating is deposited by an electrolytic coating process.
(1) Note. For this subclass and those indented hereunder a
permanent coating is considered to comprise any material
deposited on the substrate that remains as part of the
finished article.
Subclass:
184
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Nonelectrolytic coating or coatings all contain single metal
or alloy:
This subclass is indented under subclass 183. Subject matter
wherein the nonelectrolytic coating or each one of multiple
superposed nonelectrolytic coatings at least partially
comprises a single metal or alloy.
Subclass:
185
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Nonelectrolytic coating from zincate or stannate bath:
This subclass is indented under subclass 184. Subject matter
wherein a zincate or stannate bath is utilized to form a
nonelectrolytic coating.
Subclass:
186
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Nonelectrolytic coating by vacuum or vapor deposition:
This subclass is indented under subclass 184. Subject matter
wherein a nonelectrolytic coating is formed by vacuum or
vapor deposition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
165 for processes of applying conductive material to a
synthetic resin substrate by vacuum or vapor deposition
before depositing electrolytic coating.
Subclass:
187
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Nonelectrolytic coating by plating from bath containing metal
ions and reducing agent (e.g., electroless plating, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 184. Subject matter
wherein a nonelectrolytic coating is formed by plating from a
bath containing metal ions and a reducing agent.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
167 for processes of applying conductive material to a
synthetic resin substrate by plating from a bath containing
metal ions and reducing agent before depositing electrolytic
coating.
Subclass:
188
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Forming nonelectrolytic coating before forming nonmetal
electrolytic coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Subject matter
wherein a permanent coating is formed by a nonelectrolytic
coating process before a nonmetal coating is formed by an
electrolytic coating process.
(1) Note. For this subclass and those indented hereunder a
permanent coating is considered to comprise any material
deposited on the substrate that remains as part of the
finished article.
Subclass:
189
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Predominantly titanium, vanadium, zirconium, niobium,
hafnium, or tantalum nonelectrolytic coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 188. Subject matter
wherein the major or predominant constituent of the
nonelectrolytic coating is elemental titanium, vanadium,
zirconium, niobium, hafnium, or tantalum.
Subclass:
190
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Predominantly aluminum nonelectrolytic coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 188. Subject matter
wherein elemental aluminum is the major or predominant
constituent of the nonelectrolytic coating.
Subclass:
191
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Forming nonelectrolytic coating after depositing
predominantly single metal or alloy electrolytic coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Subject matter
wherein a permanent coating is formed by a nonelectrolytic
coating process after a predominantly single metal or alloy
coating is deposited by an electrolytic coating process.
(1) Note. For this subclass and those indented hereunder a
permanent coating is considered to comprise any material
deposited on the substrate that remains as part of the
finished article.
Subclass:
192
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Nonelectrolytic coating by vacuum or vapor deposition of a
predominantly single metal or alloy coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 191. Subject matter
wherein a predominantly single metal or alloy nonelectrolytic
coating is formed by vacuum or vapor deposition.
Subclass:
193
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Nonelectrolytic coating by immersion in bath of molten metal
to form predominantly single metal or alloy coating (e.g.,
hot dipping, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 191. Subject matter
wherein a predominantly single metal or alloy nonelectrolytic
coating is formed by immersion in a bath of molten metal.
Subclass:
194
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Nonelectrolytic coating is predominantly nonmetal:
This subclass is indented under subclass 191. Subject matter
wherein the major or predominant constituent of a
nonelectrolytic coating is a nonmetal.
Subclass:
195
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Nonelectrolytic coating is ceramic, glass, or vitreous
enamel:
This subclass is indented under subclass 194. Subject matter
wherein the major or predominant constituent of a
nonelectrolytic coating is a ceramic, a glass, or a vitreous
enamel.
Subclass:
196
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Nonelectrolytic coating is predominantly organic material
(e.g., paint, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 194. Subject matter
wherein an organic material is the major or predominant
constituent of a nonelectrolytic coating.
Subclass:
197
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Nonelectrolytic coating is phosphorus- or chromium-containing
(e.g., phosphate, chromate, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 194. Subject matter
wherein the major or predominant constituent of a
nonelectrolytic coating is a phosphorus-containing or
chromium-containing material.
Subclass:
198
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Forming nonelectrolytic coating after forming nonmetal
electrolytic coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Subject matter
wherein a permanent coating is formed by a nonelectrolytic
coating process after a nonmetal coating is formed by an
electrolytic coating process.
(1) Note. For this subclass and those indented hereunder a
permanent coating is considered to comprise any material
deposited on the substrate that remains as part of the
finished article.
Subclass:
199
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Electrolytic coating is oxygen-containing (e.g., chromate,
silicate, oxide formed by anodizing, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 198. Subject matter
wherein the electrolytic coating is an oxygen-containing
material.
Subclass:
200
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Predominantly titanium, vanadium, zirconium, niobium,
hafnium, or tantalum substrate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Subject matter
wherein the major or predominant constituent of the substrate
is elemental titanium, vanadium, zirconium, niobium, hafnium,
or tantalum.
Subclass:
201
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Predominantly aluminum substrate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Subject matter
wherein elemental aluminum is the major or predominant
constituent of the substrate.
Subclass:
202
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Nonelectrolytic coloring (including nonelectrolytic coloring
and sealing):
This subclass is indented under subclass 201. Subject matter
wherein color is imparted to the substrate by the deposition
of material by a nonelectrolytic coating process.
(1) Note. Processes which include both nonelectrolytic
coloring and sealing are included herein.
Subclass:
203
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Sealing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 201. Subject matter
wherein the oxide-containing coating on the aluminum
substrate is sealed by the incorporation of material into the
oxide-containing coating by a nonelectrolytic coating
process.
(1) Note. Sealing by subjecting the substrate to an aqueous
environment at an elevated temperature is included herein.
Subclass:
204
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Sealing agent includes organic constituent:
This subclass is indented under subclass 203. Subject matter
wherein the nonelectrolytic coating process utilizes a
sealing agent which includes an organic constituent.
Subclass:
205
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Treating substrate prior to coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Subject matter
wherein one or more preliminary preparatory treatments of the
substrate to be coated are performed.
(1) Note. For this subclass, and those indented hereunder a
substrate is considered to be the object to be coated prior
to the execution of any positively recited coating step.
(2) Note. Processes which include the formation of a
temporary coating which is completely removed prior to the
formation of a permanent coating are included herein.
(3) Note. The preliminary preparatory treatments of the
substrate do not result in the deposition of material that
remains as part of the finished article.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
640 for electrolytic erosion of a workpiece to change the
shape or surface thereof (e.g., etching, polishing, etc.).
687 for other electrolytic material treatment, especially
subclasses 705+ for electrolytic removal of foreign material
from a metal or metal alloy (e.g., cleaning, etc.), per se.
Subclass:
206
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Contacting substrate with solid member or material (e.g.,
polishing, rolling, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 205. Subject matter
wherein the substrate is contacted with a solid member or
material prior to coating.
Subclass:
207
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Heating substrate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 206. Subject matter
wherein the substrate is heated prior to coating.
(1) Note. The substrate may be heated prior to,
simultaneous with or subsequent to the contact with the solid
member or material.
Subclass:
208
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Blasting substrate with particulate material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 205. Subject matter
wherein the substrate is impacted with particulate material
prior to coating.
Subclass:
209
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Heating substrate other than by contact with liquid:
This subclass is indented under subclass 205. Subject matter
wherein the substrate is heated prior to coating by a method
which utilizes means other than contacting with a liquid.
(1) Note. Processes which include cooling the substrate
subsequent to heating but prior to coating are included
herein.
Subclass:
210
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Treating substrate with liquid other than tap water (e.g.,
for removing foreign material, etching, activating, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 205. Subject matter
wherein the substrate is treated with a liquid other than tap
water prior to coating.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
134, Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids, for methods of
cleaning in general.
216, Etching a Substrate: Processes, for etching processes.
Subclass:
211
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Liquid is nonaqueous (e.g., hydrocarbon solvent, fused bath,
etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 210. Subject matter
wherein the liquid with which the substrate is treated does
not contain water.
Subclass:
212
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Predominantly titanium, vanadium, zirconium, niobium,
hafnium, tantalum, molybdenum, or tungsten substrate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 210. Subject matter
wherein the major or predominant constituent of the substrate
is elemental titanium, vanadium, zirconium, niobium, hafnium,
tantalum, molybdenum, or tungsten.
Subclass:
213
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Predominantly aluminum substrate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 210. Subject matter
wherein elemental aluminum is the major or predominant
constituent of the substrate.
Subclass:
214
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Graining or roughening chemically or electrolytically:
This subclass is indented under subclass 213. Subject matter
wherein the substrate is either chemically or
electrolytically grained or roughened.
Subclass:
215
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Predominantly copper, zinc, or tin substrate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 210. Subject matter
wherein the major or predominant constituent of the substrate
is copper, zinc, or tin.
Subclass:
216
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Predominantly cobalt or nickel substrate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 210. Subject matter
wherein the major or predominant constituent of the substrate
is cobalt or nickel.
Subclass:
217
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Predominantly iron or steel substrate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 210. Subject matter
wherein elemental iron is the major or predominant
constituent of the substrate.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
712 for electrolytic removal of nonelemental foreign
material from a ferrous metal (e.g., cleaning a ferrous
metal, etc.), per se.
Subclass:
218
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Steel containing chromium or nickel (e.g., stainless steel,
etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 217. Subject matter
wherein the substrate is predominantly iron which contains
elemental chromium or nickel.
Subclass:
219
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Electrolytic treatment:
This subclass is indented under subclass 210. Subject matter
wherein the substrate is treated electrolytically prior to
coating.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
704 for electrolytic treatment of a metal or metal alloy, in
general.
Subclass:
220
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Treating electrolytic or nonelectrolytic coating after it is
formed:
This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Subject matter
wherein an electrolytic or a nonelectrolytic coating is
treated subsequent to its formation to produce a modification
of or change in character of the coating as distinguished
from subsequent treatment of the object on which the coating
is placed.
(1) Note. If a nonelectrolytic coating is treated, a step of
electrolytic coating must precede the step of forming the
nonelectrolytic coating or follow the treatment step.
Subclass:
221
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Selected area:
This subclass is indented under subclass 220. Subject matter
wherein only a restricted selected area of the coating is
treated, the restricted or selected area including less than
the total surface area of the coating.
Subclass:
222
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Contacting with solid member or material (e.g., buffing,
burnishing, polishing, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 220. Subject matter
wherein the coating is contacted with a solid member or
material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, 90.01 for burnishing in general.
Subclass:
223
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Etching of coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 220. Subject matter
wherein the coating is etched.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
221 for process in which only a restricted or selected area
of the coating is etched.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
216, Etching a Substrate: Processes, for methods of etching
glass, per se. See the SEARCH CLASS notes thereunder.
Subclass:
224
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Heating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 220. Subject matter
wherein the coating is heated.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
148, Metal Treatment, particularly subclass 518 for
processes of treating a metal substrate in the solid or
semi-solid state by a heating or cooling treatment to modify
or maintain the internal physical structure (i.e.,
microstructure) or chemical properties of the metal. See
Class 148, Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class for
the line to Class 204.
(1) Note. Class 205 will take electrocoating processes that
result in a metal layer formed or in metal being
electrocoated by another material and combinations of
electrocoating with other chemical treating operations that
(a) involve preparatory treatment of metal substrates
including heat-treatment which if claimed alone would be
proper for Class 148 and (b) post-treatment solely of the
electrocoated layer including heat-treatment which if claimed
alone would be proper for Class 148. However, if the
subsequent treatment modifies the original substrate or a
combination of the original substrate and the electrocoated
layer, placement will go elsewhere, including Class 148, if
the other criteria for Class 148 are met.
(2) Note. Interdiffusion of the electrocoated layer
occurring during the coating operation or during the
post-treatment operation is proper for Class 205 if limited
to the interfacial region between the coating and the
substrate, as a perfecting of the bond between the coating
and the substrate. If the electrocoated layer is completely
melted in the post-treatment operation to perfect the bonding
of the coating, this is proper for Class 205. If multiple
electrocoated regions are inter diffused to the extent of
completely alloying with the loss of coating layer identity,
but not substrate identity, this is proper for Class 205.
However, if the coating is completely interdiffused into a
metal substrate to completely alloy the substrate, leaving no
identifying layer on the substrate, placement goes to Class
148.
Subclass:
225
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Tin-containing coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 224. Subject matter
wherein the coating contains tin.
Subclass:
226
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Coating is fused (e.g., reflowing, flow brightening, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 225. Subject matter
wherein sufficient heat is applied to cause the
tin-containing coating to melt.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, subclass 941
(a cross-reference art collection) for material produced by
solid state alloying, e.g., diffusion, to the disappearance
of an original layer.
Subclass:
227
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Single metal or alloy coating on single metal or alloy
substrate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 224. Subject matter
wherein the coating or each one of multiple superposed
coatings is predominantly comprised of a single metal or
alloy and the substrate is also predominantly comprised of a
single metal or alloy.
Subclass:
228
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Coating is at least partially diffused or forms alloy:
This subclass is indented under subclass 227. Subject matter
wherein sufficient heat is applied to at least partially
diffuse coating material into an adjacent coating material,
the substrate or both, or to cause the formation of an alloy
of coating material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, subclass 941
(a cross-reference art collection) for material produced by
solid state alloying, e.g., diffusion, to the disappearance
of an original layer.
Subclass:
229
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Predominantly nonmetal electrolytic coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 220. Subject matter
wherein the major or predominant constituent of the coating
is a nonmetal.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
203 for subject matter wherein an oxide-containing coating
on an aluminum substrate is sealed.
Subclass:
230
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing fused bath:
This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Subject matter
wherein a nonaqueous electrolyte bath which is a substance or
combination or mixture of substances which is heated above
ordinary normal room temperature during the electrolysis in
order to bring it to a fluid or liquid condition is
utilized.
(1) Note. These processes are usually performed at
high temperatures.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
354 for processes of electrolytic synthesis from fused
bath.
Subclass:
231
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Reactive coating (e.g., by diffusion, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 230. Subject matter
wherein a coating is formed by the reaction of a constituent
of the substrate being coated with a constituent of the fused
bath (e.g., boron diffuses into and reacts with iron of a
steel substrate to form an iron-boride layer, etc.).
Subclass:
232
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Depositing predominantly alloy coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 230. Subject matter
wherein the coating is predominantly an alloy.
(1) Note. The coating must be an alloy as deposited from the
bath.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
228 for subject matter wherein the coating forms an alloy as
the result of a heat treatment.
Subclass:
233
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Depositing aluminum coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 230. Subject matter
wherein the coating consists essentially of aluminum.
Subclass:
234
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing nonaqueous bath:
This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Subject matter
wherein an electrolyte bath containing no water is employed
in the electrolytic coating process (e.g., a hydrocarbon
solvent bath, etc.).
(1) Note. This subclass is intended to take water-free
baths using solvents such as alcohol, amines, ethers, etc.
Subclass:
235
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Coating is predominantly organic material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 234. Subject matter
wherein the coating consists of a material which is
predominantly organic (e.g., polymer coating, etc.).
Subclass:
236
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Depositing predominantly alloy coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 234. Subject matter
wherein the coating is predominantly an alloy.
(1) Note. The coating must be an alloy as deposited from
the bath.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
228 for subject matter wherein the coating forms an alloy as
the result of heat treatment.
Subclass:
237
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Depositing aluminum coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 234. Subject matter
wherein the coating consists essentially of aluminum.
Subclass:
238
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Depositing predominantly alloy coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Subject matter
wherein the coating is predominantly an alloy.
(1) Note. The coating must be an alloy as deposited from
the bath.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
228 for subject matter wherein the coating forms an alloy as
the result of a heat treatment.
Subclass:
239
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Copper-containing alloy:
This subclass is indented under subclass 238. Subject matter
wherein the alloy contains metallic copper (i.e., copper in
the free uncombined state) as one of the essential
constituents.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
291 for processes of electrolytically coating with copper.
Subclass:
240
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Including zinc (e.g., brass, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 239. Subject matter
wherein the copper-containing alloy also contains metallic
zinc as one of the essential constituents.
Subclass:
241
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Including tin (e.g., bronze, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 239. Subject matter
wherein the copper-containing alloy also contains metallic
tin as one of the essential constituents.
Subclass:
242
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Including noble metal (e.g., gold-copper-cadmium alloy,
etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 239. Subject matter
wherein the copper-containing alloy also contains a noble
metal (i.e., Au, Ag, and Platinum group metal) as an
essential constituent.
Subclass:
243
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Chromium is predominant constituent:
This subclass is indented under subclass 238. Subject matter
wherein the alloy contains metallic chromium as the major or
predominant constituent (e.g., 40% Cr - 30% Fe - 30% Ni
etc.).
Subclass:
244
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Zinc is predominant constituent:
This subclass is indented under subclass 238. Subject matter
wherein the alloy contains metallic zinc as the predominant
or major constituent (e.g., 70% Zn - 30% Cd, etc.).
Subclass:
245
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Including iron group metal (i.e., Fe, Co, or Ni):
This subclass is indented under subclass 244. Subject matter
wherein the zinc alloy also contains metallic iron group
metal or metals as essential constituent(s) (e.g., 70% Zn -
30% Fe, 50% Zn - 20%Fe - 30% Co, etc.).
Subclass:
246
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Nickel:
This subclass is indented under subclass 245. Subject matter
wherein the iron group metal is or wherein the iron group
metals include nickel (e.g., 70% Zn - 20%Ni - 10% Co, etc.).
Subclass:
247
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Gold is predominant constituent:
This subclass is indented under subclass 238. Subject matter
wherein the alloy contains gold as the predominant or major
constituent (e.g., 60% Au - 40% Ag, etc.).
Subclass:
248
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing sulfite-containing bath:
This subclass is indented under subclass 247. Subject matter
wherein the electrolyte bath contains a source of sulfite as
an essential ingredient.
Subclass:
249
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing phosphonic or phosphinic acid or
derivative-containing bath:
This subclass is indented under subclass 247. Subject matter
wherein the electrolyte bath contains a source of phosphonic
acid or phosphinic acid or a derivative thereof (e.g.,
sodium phosphonate, ethylene diamine tetraphosphonic acid,
etc.).
Subclass:
250
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Including iron group metal:
This subclass is indented under subclass 247. Subject matter
wherein the alloy includes an iron group metal (i.e., Fe, Ni,
or Co) as an essential constituent.
Subclass:
251
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Including arsenic, indium, or thallium:
This subclass is indented under subclass 247. Subject matter
wherein the alloy contains arsenic indium or thallium as an
essential constituent.
Subclass:
252
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Tin, lead, or germanium is predominant constituent:
This subclass is indented under subclass 238. Subject matter
wherein tin, lead, or germanium is the major or predominant
alloy constituent.
Subclass:
253
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing organic compound-containing bath:
This subclass is indented under subclass 252. Subject matter
wherein the electrolyte bath contains an organic compound as
an essential ingredient (e.g., peptone, glue, etc.).
Subclass:
254
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Organic sulfoxy-containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 253. Subject matter
wherein the organic compound contains a sulfoxy group(sulfur
bonded to at least one oxygen) (e.g., benzyl sulfonic acid,
sodium naphthalene sulfonate, etc.).
Subclass:
255
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Group VIII metal is predominant constituent (i.e., Fe, Co,
Ni, Pt, Pd, Rh, Ru, Ir, or Os):
This subclass is indented under subclass 238. Subject matter
wherein a group VIII metal (i.e., Fe, Co, Ni, Pt, Pd, Rh, Ru,
Ir, or Os) is the major or predominant constituent in the
alloy.
Subclass:
256
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing specified anode:
This subclass is indented under subclass 255. Subject matter
wherein a specific anode is used in the process (e.g., Ni-Co
alloy anode, platinum anode, etc.).
Subclass:
257
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Platinum group metal-containing alloy (i.e., contains Pt, Pd,
Rh, Ru, Ir, or Os):
This subclass is indented under subclass 255. Subject matter
wherein the alloy contains a platinum group metal (i.e., Pt,
Pd, Rh, Ru, Ir, or Os) as an essential constituent.
Subclass:
258
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Phosphorus-containing alloy:
This subclass is indented under subclass 255. Subject matter
wherein the alloy contains phosphorus as an essential
ingredient.
Subclass:
259
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing organic compound-containing bath:
This subclass is indented under subclass 255. Subject matter
wherein the electrolyte bath contains an organic compound as
an essential ingredient.
Subclass:
260
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Organic sulfoxy-containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 259. Subject matter
wherein the organic compound contains a sulfoxy group (e.g.,
butyne sulfonic acid, sodium naphthalene sulfonate, etc.).
Subclass:
261
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Depositing predominantly single metal coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Subject matter
for coating predominantly with a single metallic element
(e.g., indium, etc.).
Subclass:
262
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Group VIIB transition metal (i.e., Mn, Tc, or Re):
This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Subject matter
wherein the single metal consists essentially of manganese,
technetium, or rhenium.
(1) Note. Technetium is also known by the names
eka-manganese and masurium.
Subclass:
263
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Silver:
This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Subject matter
wherein the single metal consists essentially of silver.
Subclass:
264
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Platinum group metal:
This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Subject matter
wherein the single metal consists essentially of a platinum
group metal (i.e., Pt, Pd, Rh, Ru, Ir, or Os).
Subclass:
265
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Palladium:
This subclass is indented under subclass 264. Subject matter
wherein the single platinum group metal consists essentially
of palladium.
Subclass:
266
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Gold:
This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Subject matter
wherein the single metal consists essentially of gold.
Subclass:
267
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing organic compound-containing bath:
This subclass is indented under subclass 266. Subject matter
wherein the electrolyte bath contains an organic compound as
an essential ingredient.
Subclass:
268
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Inorganic cyanide-containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 267. Subject matter
wherein the electrolyte bath contains a source of inorganic
cyanide (e.g., sodium cyanide, sodium gold cyanide, etc.).
Subclass:
269
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Cobalt:
This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Subject matter
wherein the single metal consists essentially of cobalt.
Subclass:
270
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Iron:
This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Subject matter
wherein the single metal consists essentially of iron.
Subclass:
271
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Nickel:
This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Subject matter
wherein the single metal consists essentially of nickel.
Subclass:
272
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing specified anode:
This subclass is indented under subclass 271. Subject matter
wherein a specified anode (e.g., particular alloy, defined
structure, etc.) is used.
Subclass:
273
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing sulfamate-containing bath:
This subclass is indented under subclass 271. Subject matter
wherein the electrolyte bath contains sulfamic ions.
Subclass:
274
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing organic sulfoxy compound-containing bath:
This subclass is indented under subclass 271. Subject matter
wherein the electrolyte bath contains an organic compound
having a sulfoxy group (e.g., naphthalene sulfonic acid,
etc.).
Subclass:
275
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
And acetylenic compound-containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 274. Subject matter
wherein the electrolyte bath also contains an organic
compound which has an acetylenic bond (i.e., -CC-) (e.g.,
1,4-dihydroxy-2 butyne, etc.).
Subclass:
276
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
And polyether-containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 274. Subject matter
wherein the electrolyte bath also contains a polyether
compound (e.g., having (C[subscrpt]x[end
subscrpt]H[subscrpt]2x[end subscrpt]0)[subscrpt]y[end
subscrpt] groups wherein "y" is an integer greater than 1,
etc.).
Subclass:
277
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
And nitrogen-heterocyclic compound-containing
This subclass is indented under subclass 274. Subject matter
wherein the electrolyte bath also contains an organic
compound having a nitrogen containing heterocyclic ring.
Subclass:
278
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing oxygen-heterocyclic compound-containing bath:
This subclass is indented under subclass 271. Subject matter
wherein the electrolyte bath contains an organic compound
having an oxygen containing heterocyclic ring (e.g.,
coumarin, etc.).
Subclass:
279
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing nitrogen-heterocyclic compound-containing bath:
This subclass is indented under subclass 271. Subject matter
wherein the electrolyte bath contains an organic compound
having a nitrogen containing heterocyclic ring.
Subclass:
280
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing organic carbonyl compound-containing bath:
This subclass is indented under subclass 271. Subject matter
wherein the electrolyte bath contains an organic compound
having a carbonyl group (e.g., acetic acid, ketone, aldehyde,
etc.).
Subclass:
281
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Cadmium:
This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Subject matter
wherein the single metal consists essentially of cadmium.
Subclass:
282
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing inorganic cyanide-containing bath:
This subclass is indented under subclass 281. Subject matter
wherein the electrolyte bath contains a source of inorganic
cyanide (e.g., sodium cyanide, potassium cadmium cyanide,
etc.).
Subclass:
283
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Chromium:
This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Subject matter
wherein the single metal consists essentially of chromium.
Subclass:
284
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing specified anode:
This subclass is indented under subclass 283. Subject matter
wherein a specified anode (e.g., particular alloy special
structure, etc.) is used.
Subclass:
285
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Colored chromium coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 283. Subject matter
wherein the chromium deposit is described as colored (e.g.,
black, yellow, blue, iridescent, etc.).
Subclass:
286
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing inorganic fluorine-containing bath:
This subclass is indented under subclass 283. Subject matter
wherein the electrolyte bath contains a source of inorganic
fluorine (e.g., sodium fluoride, etc.).
Subclass:
287
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing trivalent chromium-containing bath:
This subclass is indented under subclass 283. Subject matter
wherein the chromium is present in the bath at least
partially in the trivalent state.
Subclass:
288
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Thiocyanate-containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 287. Subject matter
wherein the trivalent chromium containing bath also contains
a source of thiocyanic ions (i.e., -SCN).
Subclass:
289
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Organic carboxyl compound-containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 287. Subject matter
wherein the trivalent chromium-containing bath also contains
an organic compound having a carboxyl group (e.g., formic
acid, acetic acid, etc.).
Subclass:
290
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing organic compound-containing bath:
This subclass is indented under subclass 283. Subject matter
wherein the electrolyte bath contains an organic compound.
Subclass:
291
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Copper:
This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Subject matter
wherein the single metal consists essentially of copper.
Subclass:
292
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing specified anode:
This subclass is indented under subclass 291. Subject matter
wherein a specified anode (e.g., particular alloy, defined
structure, etc.) is used.
Subclass:
293
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing inorganic cyanide-containing bath:
This subclass is indented under subclass 291. Subject matter
wherein the electrolyte bath contains a source of inorganic
cyanide ion (e.g., sodium cyanide, potassium copper cyanide,
etc.).
Subclass:
294
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Selenium or tellurium containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 293. Subject matter
wherein the electrolyte bath also contains selenium or
tellurium as a constituent thereof (e.g., sodium selenide,
tellurium sulfate, etc.).
Subclass:
295
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing alkaline bath:
This subclass is indented under subclass 291. Subject matter
wherein the electrolyte bath has a pH of over 7.
Subclass:
296
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing organic compound-containing bath:
This subclass is indented under subclass 291. Subject matter
wherein the electrolyte bath contains an organic compound.
Subclass:
297
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Nitrogen-heterocyclic compound-containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 296. Subject matter
wherein the organic compound contains a nitrogen containing
heterocyclic ring.
Subclass:
298
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
And organic sulfur compound-containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 297. Subject matter
wherein the electrolyte bath also contains an organic
compound having sulfur as a constituent thereof (e.g.,
sulfonic acid, etc.).
Subclass:
299
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Lead:
This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Subject matter
wherein the single metal consists essentially of lead.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
597 for electrolytic synthesis of lead from an aqueous
bath.
Subclass:
300
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Tin:
This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Subject matter
wherein the single metal consists essentially of tin.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
610 for electrolytic synthesis of tin from an aqueous bath.
Subclass:
301
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing alkaline bath:
This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Subject matter
wherein the electrolyte bath has a pH of over 7.
Subclass:
302
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing organic compound-containing bath:
This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Subject matter
wherein the electrolyte bath contains an organic compound.
Subclass:
303
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Organic carbonyl compound-containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 302. Subject matter
wherein the organic compound contains a carbonyl group as a
constituent thereof (e.g., carboxylic acid, ketone, etc.).
Subclass:
304
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Aldehyde-containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 303. Subject matter
wherein the organic compound is an aldehyde or contains an
aldehyde group (e.g., formaldehyde, benzaldehyde, etc.).
Subclass:
305
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Zinc:
This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Subject matter
wherein the single metal consists essentially of zinc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
602 for electrolytic synthesis of zinc from an aqueous
bath.
Subclass:
306
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing inorganic cyanide-containing bath:
This subclass is indented under subclass 305. Subject matter
wherein the electrolyte bath contains a source of inorganic
cyanide (e.g., sodium cyanide, potassium zinc cyanide,
etc.).
Subclass:
307
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Nitrogen-heterocyclic compound-containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 306. Subject matter
wherein the electrolyte bath also contains an organic
compound having a nitrogen containing heterocyclic ring.
Subclass:
308
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Organic carbonyl compound-containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 306. Subject matter
wherein the electrolyte bath also contains an organic
compound having a carbonyl group as a constituent thereof
(e.g., carboxylic acid, ketone, aldehyde, etc.).
Subclass:
309
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing alkaline bath:
This subclass is indented under subclass 305. Subject matter
wherein the electrolyte bath has a pH of over 7.
Subclass:
310
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Nitrogen-heterocyclic compound-containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 309. Subject matter
wherein the electrolyte bath contains an organic compound
having a nitrogen-heterocyclic ring as a constituent
thereof.
Subclass:
311
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing organic compound-containing bath:
This subclass is indented under subclass 305. Subject matter
wherein the electrolyte bath contains an organic compound.
Subclass:
312
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Nitrogen-heterocyclic compound-containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 311. Subject matter
wherein the organic compound contains a nitrogen-heterocyclic
ring as a constituent thereof.
Subclass:
313
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Organic sulfur compound-containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 311. Subject matter
wherein the organic compound contains sulfur as a constituent
thereof (e.g., sulfonic acid, etc.).
Subclass:
314
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Organic carbonyl compound-containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 311. Subject matter
wherein the organic compound contains a carbonyl group.
Subclass:
315
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Antimony:
This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Subject matter
wherein the single metal consists essentially of antimony.
Subclass:
316
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Forming nonmetal coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Subject matter
for the electrolytic production of coatings which contain
nonmetal material which has been electrolytically produced
(e.g., anodic oxide, etc.).
(1) Note. Certain nonmetallics may variously be
semiconductive. Examples of such include (but are not
limited to) selenium, tellurium, silicon carbide, diamond,
copper oxide, etc. However, without positive recitation that
a nonmetallic material is semiconductive, placement is proper
hereunder.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
123 for electrolytic coating a selected area on a
semiconductor substrate.
157 for electrolytic coating of a semiconductor substrate.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
438, Semiconductor Device Manufacturing: Process, for (a)
combined processes and (b) certain unit operations of
manufacturing a semiconductive substrate or device.
Subclass:
317
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Coating is predominantly organic material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 316. Subject matter
wherein the nonmetal material is predominantly organic.
Subclass:
318
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Phosphorus-containing coating (e.g., phosphate, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 316. Subject matter
wherein the nonmetal containing coating comprises phosphorus
as an essential constituent thereof.
Subclass:
319
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Chromium-containing coating (e.g., chromate, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 316. Subject matter
wherein the nonmetal containing coating comprises chromium as
an essential constituent thereof.
Subclass:
320
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Predominantly iron or steel substrate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 316. Subject matter
wherein the nonmetal coating is formed on an article having
an iron or steel surface.
Subclass:
321
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Predominantly magnesium substrate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 316. Subject matter
wherein the nonmetal coating is formed on an article having a
surface of magnesium or an alloy having magnesium as the
predominant constituent thereof.
Subclass:
322
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Predominantly titanium, vanadium, zirconium, niobium,
hafnium, or tantalum substrate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 316. Subject matter
wherein the nonmetal coating is formed on an article having a
surface of titanium, tantalum, zirconium, niobium
(columbium), hafnium, or vanadium or an alloy having one of
these metals as the predominant constituent thereof.
Subclass:
323
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Predominantly aluminum substrate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 316. Subject matter
wherein the nonmetal coating is formed on an article having a
surface of aluminum or an alloy having aluminum as the
predominant constituent thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, subclass 25.03 for processes for the
production of barrier layer electrolytic type devices and
subclasses 25.41+ for processes for the production of
electric condensers.
252, Compositions, subclass 62.2 for electrolytes for
electrolytic condensers or rectifiers.
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, 500 for
electrolytic condensers or rectifiers.
Subclass:
324
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Anodizing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 323. Subject matter
wherein the nonmetal coating is formed by anodizing (e.g.,
anodic oxide, etc.).
Subclass:
325
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Specified alloy substrate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 324. Subject matter
wherein the additional metals alloyed with the aluminum
substrate are identified.
Subclass:
326
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing alkaline bath:
This subclass is indented under subclass 324. Subject matter
wherein the anodizing takes place in an electrolyte bath
having a pH of over 7.
Subclass:
327
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing chromium-containing bath:
This subclass is indented under subclass 324. Subject matter
wherein the anodizing takes place in an electrolyte bath
comprising chromium dissolved therein as an essential
constituent.
Subclass:
328
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing sulfuric acid-containing bath:
This subclass is indented under subclass 324. Subject matter
wherein the anodizing takes place in an electrolyte bath
having sulfuric acid as an essential ingredient.
Subclass:
329
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Organic compound-containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 328. Subject matter
wherein the electrolyte bath also contains an organic
compound as an essential constituent thereof (e.g., pyridine,
etc.).
Subclass:
330
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Organic carboxyl compound-containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 329. Subject matter
wherein the organic compound contains a carboxyl radical or a
salt thereof (e.g., -COOH, -COONa, etc.) as a constituent
thereof.
Subclass:
331
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Organic sulfoxy compound-containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 329. Subject matter
wherein the organic compound contains a sulfoxy group (e.g.,
sulfonic acid, saccharin, etc.) as a constituent thereof.
Subclass:
332
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing organic compound-containing bath:
This subclass is indented under subclass 324. Subject matter
wherein the electrolyte bath contains an organic compound
(e.g., acetic acid, sulfonic acid, etc.) as an essential
constituent thereof.
Subclass:
333
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Oxide-containing coating (e.g., lead dioxide, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 316. Subject matter
wherein the nonmetal containing coating contains an oxide
(e.g., peroxide, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
465 for electrolytic synthesis of peroxides form an aqueous
bath.
Subclass:
334
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
ELECTROLYTIC SYNTHESIS (PROCESS, COMPOSITION, AND METHOD OF
PREPARING COMPOSITION):
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes for the preparation of chemical compounds or of
elements by means of electrolytic action.
(1) Note. These may be produced either by breaking them
down from complex forms to simpler ones or by building up
complex forms from simpler ones.
(2) Note. Branching processes for the synthesis of
compounds or elements, one branch of which falls within the
class definition and one branch of which is excluded thereby
and which is provided for elsewhere, are classified in the
outside class and cross-referenced here.
(3) Note. Processes of synthesis wherein the products of
electrolysis are merely admixed within or outside the cell to
produce the desired material are included, here, when claimed
in combination with the electrolysis. For example, a metal
salt solution may be prepared in the anodic zone of a cell by
electrolytic solution of a metal anode, while in the cathodic
zone of the same or another cell an alkali hydroxide may be
formed. Mixing the two solutions together to produce a metal
hydroxide outside the cell would not be a subsequent step
sufficient to take the process outside the class.
(4) Note. Combination processes including precedent steps
for the preparation of the material for the electrolytic
synthesis step, in which one or more of the precedent steps
may result in the preparation of a desired product elsewhere
classifiable if claimed alone, are included here and
cross-referenced to the outside class. For example, if in a
process including the electrolytic preparation of a free
metal, the leach solution is treated with a precipitating
agent in order to remove one or more of the constituents as
insoluble salts or as free metals in precedent operations,
thus constituting preparation of the leach solution for
electrolytic separation, the process is classified in this
class even though crystallization, filtering, or other
conventional separation steps for the salt or metal is
claimed and such product is considered a valuable by-product
of the process.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
687 for the purification of definite chemical compounds by
electrolysis which does not include a synthesis of the
desired compound. However, when a substance is
electrochemically reconstituted, the process is considered
electrochemical synthesis. For example, impure oxygen is fed
to the cathode of a cell and pure oxygen is recovered at the
anode.
Subclass:
335
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Involving measuring, analyzing, or testing during synthesis:
This subclass is indented under subclass 334. Subject matter
wherein the process includes a step of measuring, analyzing,
or testing during synthesis.
Subclass:
336
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing fused bath (e.g., eliminating anode effect in a
fused bath, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 335. Subject matter
wherein a nonaqueous electrolyte bath which is a solid
substance or combination or mixture of substances which is
heated above ordinary normal room temperature during
synthesis in order to bring it to a fluid or liquid condition
is utilized.
(1) Note. These processes are usually performed at high
temperatures.
(2) Note. Anode effect is the condition where a high net
voltage drop occurs between the electrodes of the
electrolytic cell and, consequently, cell efficiency
decreases.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
354 for processes of electrolytic synthesis from a fused
bath.
Subclass:
337
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Current, current density, or voltage:
This subclass is indented under subclass 335. Subject matter
wherein the current, current density, or voltage of the
electrolytic synthesis process is measured, analyzed, or
tested during synthesis.
Subclass:
338
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing subatmospheric or superatmospheric pressure during
synthesis:
This subclass is indented under subclass 334. Subject matter
wherein the synthesis process is performed under a pressure
other than the normal pressure in the surrounding
atmosphere.
Subclass:
339
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing magnet or magnetic field during synthesis:
This subclass is indented under subclass 334. Subject matter
wherein a magnet or magnetic field is used during synthesis.
Subclass:
340
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing electromagnetic wave energy during synthesis (e.g.,
visible light, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 334. Subject matter
wherein the electrolytic action is supplemented by the
application of electromagnetic wave energy.
(1) Note. The term "electromagnetic waves" as employed
herein includes, for example, x-rays and gamma rays;
ultraviolet, infrared, and visible light rays; and short
electric and radio waves. Energy which produces merely a
thermal effect or heat waves, per se, is excluded.
Subclass:
341
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing AC or specified wave form other than pure DC:
This subclass is indented under subclass 334. Subject matter
wherein the synthesis process utilizes alternating current or
an electric current which is not pure DC (e.g., stepped
voltage, nonreversing pulsed current or voltage, etc.)
Subclass:
342
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Reversing nonpulsed current or voltage:
This subclass is indented under subclass 341. Subject matter
wherein the specified wave form is a reversing nonpulsed
current or voltage which has a positive and negative
component (e.g., periodic reversed current, superimposed AC
on DC, etc.)
Subclass:
343
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Involving fuel cell:
This subclass is indented under subclass 334. Subject matter
wherein an electrolytic synthesis cell is combined with a
fuel cell or is converted from a fuel cell to a synthesis
cell.
(1) Note. A fuel cell is a device used to produce an
electrical current wherein at least one reactant is fed to
the cell.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
429, Chemistry: Electrical Current Producing Apparatus,
Product, and Process, appropriate subclasses for the various
parts or operation of the fuel cell, especially subclasses
12-46.
Subclass:
344
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing bipolar membrane:
This subclass is indented under subclass 334. Subject matter
wherein at least one membrane of the bipolar type (i.e., a
membrane having anionic properties on one side and cationic
properties on the other) is utilized during synthesis.
Subclass:
345
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing plural distinct electrolytic cells where the cells
are separate containers:
This subclass is indented under subclass 334. Subject matter
wherein a plurality of separate and distinct electrolytic
containers not having a common wall are utilized during
synthesis.
(1) Note. This does not include multiple anodes and
cathodes utilized in the same container (e.g., filter press
cells, etc.)
Subclass:
346
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Including decomposing or purifying cell:
This subclass is indented under subclass 345. Subject matter
wherein at least one of the containers is utilized for
breaking down the bath, electrolyte, effluent, or product, or
for removing undesired constituent electrolytically.
Subclass:
347
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Identical plural distinct cells:
This subclass is indented under subclass 345. Subject matter
wherein a plurality of identical distinct containers not
having a common wall are utilized during synthesis.
Subclass:
348
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing fluidized bed or particulate electrode:
This subclass is indented under subclass 334. Subject matter
wherein a fluidized bed or particulate electrode is utilized
during synthesis.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, subclass 280
for the fluidized bed electrode or particulate electrode
structure or composition.
Subclass:
349
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Recycling electrolytic product produced during synthesis back
to the production cell:
This subclass is indented under subclass 334. Subject matter
wherein at least a portion of the product produced during
synthesis is sent back to the cell where the product was
produced.
Subclass:
350
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Treating electrode, diaphragm, or membrane during synthesis
(e.g., corrosion prevention, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 334. Subject matter
wherein at least one electrode, diaphragm, or membrane is
treated during synthesis.
(1) Note. Specific treatment can include electrode polarity
reversal, forming coatings on an electrode in situ during
synthesis, feeding an oxidizing or reducing gas to an
electrode, etc.
Subclass:
351
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Treating electrolyte or bath without removal from cell other
than agitating, moving, regenerating, replenishing, or
replacing consumed material during synthesis:
This subclass is indented under subclass 334. Subject matter
wherein the electrolyte or bath is treated during synthesis
other than agitating, moving, regenerating, replenishing, or
replacing consumed material.
(1) Note. Specific treatment can include applying energy
impulses, varying current density, adding a catalyst to the
electrolyte or bath during synthesis, etc.
(2) Note. A bath is the fluid used for electrolytic
processes in a cell including the electrolyte.
Subclass:
352
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing emulsion, dispersion, or suspension electrolyte
system:
This subclass is indented under subclass 334. Subject matter
wherein an emulsion, dispersion, or suspension is utilized as
the electrolyte or bath.
(1) Note. An emulsion is a fluid consisting of a
microscopically heterogeneous mixture of two normally
immiscible liquid phases, in which one liquid forms minute
droplets suspended in the other liquid.
(2) Note. A dispersion is a fluid consisting of individual
extremely fine particles of solids, which are usually of
colloidal size, suspended therein.
(3) Note. A suspension is a fluid consisting of finely
divided colloidal particles, too small to settle, but kept in
motion by Brownian movement, floating therein.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
516, Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations
Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or
Inhibiting, appropriate subclasses for subject matter
relating to: colloid systems (such as sols*, emulsions,
dispersions, foams, aerosols, smokes, gels, or pastes) or
wetting agents (such as leveling, penetrating, or spreading);
subcombination compositions of colloid systems containing at
least an agent specialized and designed for or peculiar to
use in making or stabilizing colloid systems; compositions
and subcombination compositions specialized and designed for
or peculiar to use in breaking (resolving) or inhibiting
colloid systems; processes of making the compositions or
systems of the class; processes of breaking (resolving) or
inhibiting colloid systems; in each instance, when
generically claimed or when there is no hierarchically
superior provision in the USPC for the specifically claimed
art.
Subclass:
353
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing electrolyte system having two or more separate
immiscible layers:
This subclass is indented under subclass 334. Subject matter
wherein an electrolyte system having two or more separate,
immiscible layers are utilized.
(1) Note. Immiscible is used to describe liquids that will
not mix; a liquid that dissolves a solute from a solution
with which it does not mix.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
516, Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations
Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or
Inhibiting, appropriate subclasses for subject matter
relating to: colloid systems (such as sols*, emulsions,
dispersions, foams, aerosols, smokes, gels, or pastes) or
wetting agents (such as leveling, penetrating, or spreading);
subcombination compositions of colloid systems containing at
least an agent specialized and designed for or peculiar to
use in making or stabilizing colloid systems; compositions
and subcombination compositions specialized and designed for
or peculiar to use in breaking (resolving) or inhibiting
colloid systems; processes of making the compositions or
systems of the class; processes of breaking (resolving) or
inhibiting colloid systems; in each instance, when
generically claimed or when there is no hierarchically
superior provision in the USPC for the specifically claimed
art.
Subclass:
354
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing fused bath:
This subclass is indented under subclass 334. Subject matter
wherein the electrolytic synthesis is carried out in an
electrolytic medium consisting of a substance or combination
or mixture of substances which is heated above normal room
temperature during synthesis in order to bring it to a fluid
or liquid condition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
230 for coating by electrolysis in a fused bath.
413 for processes of electrolytic synthesis from an aqueous
electrolyte bath containing a portion or a pool of molten
material (e.g., source material, etc.).
Subclass:
355
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Organic compound produced:
This subclass is indented under subclass 354. Subject matter
wherein organic compounds are produced by synthesis.
(1) Note. "Organic" denotes all compounds having carbon
therein and which are further characterized by the presence
in a molecule of (a) two carbon atoms bonded together or (b)
one atom of carbon bonded to at least one atom of hydrogen or
halogen or (c) one atom of carbon bonded to at least one atom
of nitrogen by a single or double bond, with the proviso that
hydrocyanic acid, cyanogen, isocyanic acid, isothiocyanic
acid, cyanogen halides, cyanamide, fulminic acid, and metal
carbides are excluded from being organic compounds.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
413 for processes of preparing organic compounds from an
aqueous bath or bath other than a fused bath by synthesis.
Subclass:
356
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Halogen containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 355. Subject matter
wherein the organic compound produced contains halogen.
Subclass:
357
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Inorganic compound produced:
This subclass is indented under subclass 354. Subject matter
wherein inorganic compounds are produced by synthesis.
(1) Note. An inorganic compound is one that does not meet
the definition of "organic" as elaborated in the (1) Note of
subclass 355.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
464 for processes of preparing inorganic compounds from an
aqueous bath or bath other than a fused bath by synthesis.
Subclass:
358
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Silicon, boron, or phosphorus containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 357. Subject matter
wherein the inorganic compound produced contains silicon,
boron, or phosphorus.
Subclass:
359
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Halogen containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 357. Subject matter
wherein the inorganic compound produced contains halogen.
Subclass:
360
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Nitrogen containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 357. Subject matter
wherein the inorganic compound produced contains nitrogen.
(1) Note. The cyanides, hydrocyanic acid, cyanogen,
isocyanic acid, cyanamide, dicyandiamide, isothiocyanic acid,
fulminic acid, and metal nitrides are included herein; also
included is ammonia and inorganic ammonia derivatives.
Subclass:
361
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Sulfur containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 357. Subject matter
wherein the inorganic compound produced contains sulfur.
Subclass:
362
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Oxygen containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 357. Subject matter
wherein the inorganic compound produced contains oxygen.
Subclass:
363
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Alloy produced:
This subclass is indented under subclass 354. Subject matter
wherein alloys are produced.
(1) Note. A substance which is recited as an impurity is
not considered to be a positive constituent.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
557 for processes of preparing alloys from an aqueous bath
or a bath other than a fused bath by synthesis.
Subclass:
364
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Silicon or aluminum containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 363. Subject matter
wherein the alloy contains silicon or aluminum (e.g., silicon
or aluminum in a free or uncombined state, etc.) as one of
the constituents.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
372 for processes of preparing aluminum from a fused bath by
synthesis.
Subclass:
365
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Iron, cobalt, or nickel containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 363. Subject matter
wherein the alloy contains iron, cobalt, or nickel as one of
the constituents.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
370 for processes of preparing iron, cobalt, or nickel from
a fused bath by synthesis.
587 for a process of preparing iron and cobalt from an
aqueous bath or a bath other than a fused bath by synthesis.
594 for a process of preparing nickel from an aqueous bath
or a bath other than a fused bath by synthesis.
Subclass:
366
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Lead, zinc, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 363. Subject matter
wherein the alloy contains elemental lead, zinc, titanium,
zirconium, or hafnium as one of the constituents.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
369 for processes of preparing lead or zinc from a fused
bath by synthesis.
397 for processes of preparing zirconium or hafnium from a
fused bath by synthesis.
398 for processes of preparing titanium from a fused bath by
synthesis.
597 for processes of preparing lead from an aqueous bath or
a bath other than a fused bath by synthesis.
602 for processes of preparing zinc from an aqueous bath or
a bath other than a fused bath by synthesis.
Subclass:
367
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Single metal produced:
This subclass is indented under subclass 354. Subject matter
wherein single metals are produced during synthesis.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
230 for processes of electrolytically coating with a single
metal from a fused bath.
234 for processes of electrolytically coating with a single
metal from an nonaqueous bath.
261 for processes of electrolytically coating with a single
metal from an aqueous bath.
560 for processes of preparing single metals from an aqueous
bath or a bath other than a fused bath by synthesis.
Subclass:
368
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Rare earth metal (At. No. 21, 39, or 57-71):
This subclass is indented under subclass 367. Subject matter
wherein the single metal produced is a rare earth metal
(i.e., scandium, yittrium, or lanthanides).
Subclass:
369
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Lead, zinc, or cadmium:
This subclass is indented under subclass 367. Subject matter
wherein the single metal produced is lead, zinc, or cadmium.
Subclass:
370
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Iron, cobalt, nickel, or manganese:
This subclass is indented under subclass 367. Subject matter
wherein the single metal produced is iron, cobalt, nickel, or
manganese.
Subclass:
371
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Vanadium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum, or
tungsten (V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, or W):
This subclass is indented under subclass 367. Subject matter
wherein the single metal produced is vanadium, niobium,
tantalum, chromium, molybdenum, or wolfram (tungsten).
Subclass:
372
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Aluminum:
This subclass is indented under subclass 367. Subject matter
wherein aluminum is the single metal produced.
Subclass:
373
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
And elemental alkali or alkaline earth metal, magnesium,
beryllium, or nonmetal element other than halogen produced:
This subclass is indented under subclass 372. Subject matter
wherein elemental alkali or alkaline earth metal, magnesium,
beryllium, or a nonmetal element other than halogen is
produced (e.g., sodium, magnesium, sulfur, etc.).
Subclass:
374
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing specified current distributing means or method
other than wire connecting means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 372. Subject matter
wherein specified current distributing means or methods other
than wire connection means are utilized (e.g., specified bus
or current collector or distributor means arrangement,
reduced current at the edge of the cell, etc.)
(1) Note. This subclass does not include a mere current
supply.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, 228 for
electrolytic cells with current control means.
Subclass:
375
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing specified distance between cathode and anode:
This subclass is indented under subclass 372. Subject matter
wherein a specified distance between the anode and cathode is
utilized.
(1) Note. The distance (or range) must be specified
numerically.
Subclass:
376
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Agitating or moving electrolyte or bath during synthesis:
This subclass is indented under subclass 372. Subject matter
wherein the electrolyte or bath is agitated or moved during
synthesis.
Subclass:
377
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing membrane or diaphragm between electrodes:
This subclass is indented under subclass 372. Subject matter
wherein a membrane or diaphragm between electrodes is
utilized to separate the electrodes.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, subclass 251
for liquid electrode diaphragm-type cells, subclasses 282 and
283 for electrodes with diaphragms, and subclasses 295 and
296 for diaphragm elements and their compositions.
Subclass:
378
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing spacer between electrodes:
This subclass is indented under subclass 372. wherein one
or more spacers are utilized between electrodes.
(1) Note. The spacers do not pass ions, gases, electrolyte,
or bath material therethrough as membranes or diaphragms.
The spacers are utilized, for example, to maintain a constant
distance between electrodes of the same polarity or as
supports for the electrodes, etc.
Subclass:
379
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing nonmetal cell lining other than inorganic carbon or
graphite:
This subclass is indented under subclass 372. Subject matter
wherein a nonmetal cell lining other than inorganic carbon or
graphite is utilized (e.g., ceramic, cermet, metal borides,
nitrides, etc.).
Subclass:
380
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing specified electrode other than consumable electrode
(e.g., cylindrical, tapered, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 372. Subject matter
wherein a specified electrode shape or structure other than a
consumable electrode is utilized during synthesis.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, 280 for
electrodes utilized in carrying out the processes herein
provided for and combinations of such electrodes with other
elements not provided for in any foregoing subclasses and
subclasses 243+ for cells utilized in carrying out the
processes.
Subclass:
381
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Inclined electrode (not horizontal or vertical):
This subclass is indented under subclass 380. Subject matter
wherein at least one of the electrodes utilized during
synthesis is inclined or not horizontal or vertical.
Subclass:
382
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Liquid electrode:
This subclass is indented under subclass 380. Subject matter
wherein at least one of the electrodes utilized during
synthesis is a liquid (e.g., liquid mercury, aluminum,
sodium, etc.).
Subclass:
383
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Bipolar electrode:
This subclass is indented under subclass 380. Subject matter
wherein at least one of the electrodes utilized during
synthesis is a bipolar-type electrode (i.e., a planar
electrode wherein one surface serves as an anode and the
other surface serves as a cathode).
Subclass:
384
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Coated electrode:
This subclass is indented under subclass 380. Subject matter
wherein at least one of the electrodes is coated or laminated
and utilized during synthesis.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
80 for the process directed to the formation or deposition
by an electrolytic action of a permanent coating material or
materials upon a base, electrolyte compositions therefor, and
methods of making said electrolyte compositions.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, subclasses
290.01-290.15 for coated or laminated electrodes.
Subclass:
385
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Specified electrode composition other than consumable
inorganic carbon or graphite:
This subclass is indented under subclass 380. Subject matter
wherein at least one of the electrodes utilized during
synthesis has been specified other than a consumable
inorganic carbon or graphite containing electrode.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, 280 for a
specified electrode composition.
Subclass:
386
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Nonconsumable electrode having inorganic carbon or graphite
and a nonmetal containing material (e.g., cermet, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 385. Subject matter
wherein at least one of the electrodes is a nonconsumable
electrode composed of inorganic carbon or graphite and a
nonmetal containing material (e.g., metal boride, carbide,
sulfide, oxide, nitride or cermet, etc.).
Subclass:
387
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Nonmetal containing (e.g., metal oxide, carbide, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 385. Subject matter
wherein at least one of the electrodes contains a nonmetal
(e.g., metal boride, carbide, sulfide, oxide, nitride or
cermet, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, subclasses
290.01-290.15 for laminated or coated electrodes.
Subclass:
388
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing coated or treating electrode connecting or
positioning means (e.g., coating, cooling, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 372. Subject matter
wherein an electrode connecting or positioning means which is
coated or treated is utilized during synthesis (e.g.,
utilizing cooling fluid through connecting or positioning
means, etc.).
Subclass:
389
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Specific replenishing, replacing, or feeding of consumable
electrode material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 372. Subject matter
wherein a specific method of replenishing, replacing, or
feeding of consumable electrode material is performed during
synthesis.
(1) Note. Self-baking or Soderberg or prebaked electrodes
are included.
(2) Note. This subclass includes, for example, utilizing
spent potliner as electrode material, electrode support
manipulation or feeding methods or means of joining new
electrodes to old, replacing worn or consumed electrode
stubs, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, subclass 294
for the composition of the carbonaceous electrodes.
Subclass:
390
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Involving specific process startup other than mere turn on:
This subclass is indented under subclass 372. Subject matter
wherein a specific process startup other than mere turn on is
utilized.
(1) Note. This subclass includes, for example, initially
raising the temperature, conditioning or treating the
electrode at startup, etc.
Subclass:
391
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Collecting or controlling fumes or gases produced during
synthesis:
This subclass is indented under subclass 372. Subject matter
wherein the fumes or gases produced during synthesis are
collected or controlled.
(1) Note. This subclass includes, for example, utilizing a
collection hood, a vacuum, purifying generated gases, etc.
Subclass:
392
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing specific method or means to feed or replenish
electrolyte or bath material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 372. Subject matter
wherein a specific method or means to feed or replenish
electrolyte or bath material is utilized during synthesis.
(1) Note. This subclass includes, for example, utilizing
specifically placed feeding pipe or conduit, utilizing a dam,
a movable piston in a conduit, etc.
Subclass:
393
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Purifying or treating electrolyte or bath prior to or after
synthesis:
This subclass is indented under subclass 372. Subject matter
wherein the electrolyte or bath is purified or treated prior
to or after synthesis.
Subclass:
394
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Bath contains fluorine or bromine containing compound other
than cryolite (NA[subscrpt]3[end subscrpt]AlF[subscrpt]6[end
subscrpt]):
This subclass is indented under subclass 372. Subject matter
wherein a bath containing fluorine or bromine containing
compounds other than cryolite (Na[subscrpt]3[end
subscrpt]AlF[subscrpt]6[end subscrpt]) is utilized during
synthesis (e.g., potassium, sodium, lithium fluorides or
borides, etc.).
(1) Note. This also excludes the mixture of aluminum
fluoride and sodium fluoride.
Subclass:
395
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Fluorine or bromine containing compound contains alkaline
earth metal, beryllium, or magnesium (Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra, Be, or
Mg):
This subclass is indented under subclass 394. Subject matter
wherein the fluorine or bromine containing compound contains
calcium, strontium, barium, radium, beryllium, or magnesium.
Subclass:
396
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing specified process step to maintain bath
temperature:
This subclass is indented under subclass 372. Subject matter
wherein a specified process step is utilized to maintain bath
temperature.
(1) Note. This subclass includes, for example, recycling
heated air or gas during the process, utilizing a flammable
liquid, utilizing a heater, etc..
Subclass:
397
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Titanium, zirconium, or hafnium (Ti, Zr, or Hf):
This subclass is indented under subclass 367. Subject matter
wherein the single metal produced is titanium, zirconium, or
hafnium.
Subclass:
398
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Titanium:
This subclass is indented under subclass 397. Subject matter
wherein the single metal produced is titanium.
Subclass:
399
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing specified electrode structure or anode alloy
composition:
This subclass is indented under subclass 398. Subject matter
wherein a specified electrode shape or structure or a
specific anode alloy is utilized during synthesis.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, 280 for an
electrode of specified structure and composition.
Subclass:
400
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing diaphragm or barrier between anode and cathode:
This subclass is indented under subclass 398. Subject matter
wherein a diaphragm or barrier between the anode and cathode
is utilized.
Subclass:
401
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Bath contains metal oxide or fluorine containing compound:
This subclass is indented under subclass 398. Subject matter
wherein the fused electrolyte bath for producing titanium
contains a metal oxide (e.g., titanium oxide, etc.) or a
fluorine containing compound (e.g., potassium fluoride,
etc.).
Subclass:
402
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Alkaline earth metal, beryllium, or magnesium:
This subclass is indented under subclass 367. Subject matter
wherein the single metal produced is calcium, strontium,
barium, radium, beryllium, or magnesium.
Subclass:
403
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Beryllium:
This subclass is indented under subclass 402. Subject matter
wherein the single metal produced is beryllium.
Subclass:
404
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Magnesium:
This subclass is indented under subclass 402. Subject matter
wherein the single metal produced is magnesium.
Subclass:
405
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Bath contains alkali metal or fluorine containing compound:
This subclass is indented under subclass 404. Subject matter
wherein the fused electrolyte bath contains an alkali metal
or fluorine containing compound (e.g., sodium chloride or
magnesium fluoride, etc.).
Subclass:
406
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Alkali metal (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, or Fr):
This subclass is indented under subclass 367. Subject matter
wherein the single metal produced is an alkali metal (i.e.,
Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, or Fr).
Subclass:
407
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Lithium, sodium, or potassium:
This subclass is indented under subclass 406. Subject matter
wherein the alkali metal is lithium, sodium, or potassium.
Subclass:
408
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Sodium:
This subclass is indented under subclass 407. Subject matter
wherein the alkali metal is sodium.
Subclass:
409
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Bath contains halide other than sodium chloride:
This subclass is indented under subclass 408. Subject matter
wherein the fused electrolyte bath contains a halide other
than or in addition to sodium chloride (e.g., calcium
chloride, sodium fluoride, etc.).
Subclass:
410
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Silicon, boron, or phosphorus produced:
This subclass is indented under subclass 354. Subject matter
wherein elemental silicon, boron, or phosphorus is produced.
Subclass:
411
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Halogen produced:
This subclass is indented under subclass 354. Subject matter
wherein elemental halogen (i.e., fluorine, chlorine, bromine,
iodine, or astatine) is produced.
Subclass:
412
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Heating or cooling electrolyte or bath in production cell
during synthesis except in fused bath:
This subclass is indented under subclass 334. Subject matter
wherein the electrolyte or bath is heated or cooled in the
cell in which synthesis is taking place except in a fused or
molten bath.
Subclass:
413
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Preparing organic compound:
This subclass is indented under subclass 334. Subject matter
wherein organic compound is produced from an aqueous bath or
other bath.
(1) Note. See subclass 355, (1) Note, for the definition of
"organic compound."
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
316 for processes of forming a nonmetal coating which is
predominantly organic material.
354 for processes of preparing organic compounds from a
fused bath.
Subclass:
414
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
By polymerization:
This subclass is indented under subclass 413. Subject matter
wherein the organic compound is a polymer produced by a
reaction in which two or more molecules of the same or
different substance (monomer or reactant) combine to form a
single compound (polymer).
(1) Note. A polymer requires two or more repeating units or
moieties derived from monomers or reactants.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
522, Synthetic Resins and Natural Rubbers-Part of the Class
520 Series, for processes of preparing a solid polymer
utilizing wave energy.
Subclass:
415
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
By dimerization:
This subclass is indented under subclass 414. Subject matter
wherein the polymer produced is a dimer (a polymer of two
molecules of the same substance) formed by a electrochemical
coupling process.
(1) Note. The term "coupling" as employed herein refers to
the joining together of two molecules of the same compound
and does not include the coupling of two different
compounds.
Subclass:
416
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Nitrogen containing dimer produced:
This subclass is indented under subclass 415. Subject matter
wherein the dimer produced contains nitrogen.
Subclass:
417
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Adiponitrile:
This subclass is indented under subclass 416. Subject matter
wherein the dimer produced is adiponitrile (i.e.,
NC(CH[subscrpt]2[end subscrpt])[subscrpt]4[end subscrpt]CN,
dimer of acrylonitrile).
Subclass:
418
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Carbonyl or hydroxy containing dimer produced:
This subclass is indented under subclass 415. Subject matter
wherein the dimer contains a carbonyl (>C=O) or hydroxyl
(-OH) group (e.g., pinacols, dimethyl sebacate, etc.).
Subclass:
419
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
From ring containing reactant:
This subclass is indented under subclass 414. Subject matter
wherein the polymer is produced from a reactant (monomer)
which contains a ring structure (e.g., benzene ring,
pyridine, etc.).
Subclass:
420
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Silicon, boron, or phosphorus containing compound produced:
This subclass is indented under subclass 413. Subject matter
wherein the organic compound produced contains silicon,
boron, or phosphorus.
Subclass:
421
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Carbohydrate or derivative containing compound produced
(e.g., streptomycin, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 413. Subject matter
wherein the organic compound produced is a carbohydrate or
derivative (e.g., streptomycin, ribose, etc.).
(1) Note. See Class 536, subclass 1.1, for the definition
of "carbohydrate or derivative."
Subclass:
422
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Heterocyclic compound produced:
This subclass is indented under subclass 413. Subject matter
wherein the organic compound produced contains a
hetero(cyclic) ring system having carbon and least one hetero
atom of oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, selenium, or tellurium as
ring members.
Subclass:
423
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Nitrogen containing hetero ring:
This subclass is indented under subclass 422. Subject matter
wherein the hetero ring system contains a nitrogen atom as a
ring member.
Subclass:
424
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Polycyclo ring system having the hetero ring as one of the
cyclos:
This subclass is indented under subclass 423. Subject matter
wherein the hetero ring system is a polycyclo ring system
(i.e., a fused or bridged ring system) having the hetero ring
as one of the cyclos in the ring system.
Subclass:
425
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Diverse hetero atoms in the polycyclo ring system:
This subclass is indented under subclass 424. Subject matter
wherein the polycyclo ring system contains at least two
different hetero atoms as ring members.
Subclass:
426
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
The hetero ring is six-membered:
This subclass is indented under subclass 423. Subject matter
wherein the nitrogen containing hetero ring has six ring
members.
Subclass:
427
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Oxygen containing hetero ring:
This subclass is indented under subclass 422. Subject matter
wherein the hetero ring system contains an oxygen atom as a
ring member.
Subclass:
428
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
The hetero ring is three-membered:
This subclass is indented under subclass 427. Subject matter
wherein the oxygen containing hetero ring has three ring
members.
Subclass:
429
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Cyclopentanohydrophenanthrene ring system containing compound
produced (e.g., steroids, etc.)
This subclass is indented under subclass 413. Subject matter
wherein the organic compound produced contains a
cyclopentanohydrophenanthrene ring nucleus.
Subclass:
430
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
By fluorination of organic compound other than hydrocarbon or
halogenated hydrocarbon:
This subclass is indented under subclass 413. Subject matter
wherein the organic compound is fluorinated during synthesis
with the exception of hydrocarbons or halocarbons.
(1) Note. The organic compound which is fluorinated during
synthesis may contain fluorine.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
460 for processes of preparing fluorine containing
hydrocarbons.
Subclass:
431
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Nitrogen containing compound produced:
This subclass is indented under subclass 413. Subject matter
wherein the organic compound produced contains nitrogen.
Subclass:
432
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Nitrogen bonded to nitrogen:
This subclass is indented under subclass 431. Subject matter
wherein two nitrogens of the organic compound are bonded
directly to each other (e.g., azo compounds, hydrazide,
etc.).
Subclass:
433
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Carbon triple bonded to nitrogen:
This subclass is indented under subclass 431. Subject matter
wherein the nitrogen is triple bonded to carbon (-C=N).
Subclass:
434
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Carboxamide:
This subclass is indented under subclass 431. Subject matter
wherein the nitrogen containing compound is an amide (-C-N)
of a carboxylic acid.
Subclass:
435
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
-COO- group containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 431. Subject matter
wherein the nitrogen containing compound contains a -C-O
group (e.g., carbamate, amino acid, etc.).
Subclass:
436
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Oxygen containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 431. Subject matter
wherein the nitrogen containing compound also contains
oxygen.
Subclass:
437
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Hydroxy containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 436. Subject matter
wherein the oxygen containing compound contains a hydroxyl
group (-OH).
Subclass:
438
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Carbocyclic ring containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 431. Subject matter
wherein the nitrogen containing compound contains a ring or
ring system in which all ring members are carbons.
Subclass:
439
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Carbonate or peroxy compound produced:
This subclass is indented under subclass 413. Subject matter
wherein the organic compound produced is a carbonate (-O-C-O-
containing) or a peroxide (-O-O- containing).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
427 for processes of preparing a cyclic carbonate from an
aqueous bath or a bath other than a fused bath.
Subclass:
440
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Carboxylic acid or derivative produced:
This subclass is indented under subclass 413. Subject matter
wherein the organic compound produced is a carboxylic acid
(-COOH containing) or functional derivative (including
carboxylic acid ester, nonhetero anhydride, salt, and acyl
halide).
Subclass:
441
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Carboxylic acid ester produced:
This subclass is indented under subclass 440. Subject matter
wherein the compound produced is a carboxylic acid ester
(-C-O-C containing).
Subclass:
442
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Carbocyclic ring containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 440. Subject matter
wherein the carboxylic acid or derivative produced contains a
ring or ring system in which all ring members are carbons.
Subclass:
443
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Carbonyl or hydroxy group containing other than as part of
the carboxylic acid or derivative:
This subclass is indented under subclass 440. Subject matter
wherein the carboxylic acid or derivative produced contains a
carbonyl group (C=O) or a hydroxyl group (-OH) which is other
than as part of a -C-OH or derivative group.
Subclass:
444
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Sulfur containing compound produced:
This subclass is indented under subclass 413. Subject matter
wherein the organic compound produced contains sulfur.
Subclass:
445
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Oxygen containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 444. Subject matter
wherein the sulfur containing compound also contains oxygen.
Subclass:
446
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Ketone produced:
This subclass is indented under subclass 413. Subject matter
wherein the organic compound produced is ketone (-C-C-C
containing).
Subclass:
447
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
By electrolytic oxidation only:
This subclass is indented under subclass 446. Subject matter
wherein the ketone is produced by an electrolytic oxidation
process only.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
446 for processes of preparing ketone involving an
electrolytic or chemical reduction process step.
Subclass:
448
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Aldehyde produced:
This subclass is indented under subclass 413. Subject matter
wherein the organic compound produced is aldehyde (-C-H
containing).
Subclass:
449
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
By electrolytic oxidation only:
This subclass is indented under subclass 448. Subject matter
wherein the aldehyde is produced by an electrolytic oxidation
process only.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
448 for processes of preparing aldehyde involving an
electrolytic or chemical reduction process step.
Subclass:
450
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Alcohol or alcoholate produced:
This subclass is indented under subclass 413. Subject matter
wherein the organic compound produced is an alcohol or
alcholate (C-OM wherein M is a metal) (e.g., sodium methylate
CH[subscrpt]3[end subscrpt]ONa, etc.).
Subclass:
451
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Halogen containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 450. Subject matter
wherein the alcohol or alcoholate produced contains halogen.
Subclass:
452
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
By electrolytic oxidation only:
This subclass is indented under subclass 450. Subject matter
wherein the alcohol or alcoholate is produced by an
electrolytic oxidation process only.
Subclass:
453
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Carbocyclic ring containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 450. Subject matter
wherein the alcohol or alcoholate produced contains a ring or
ring system in which all ring members are carbons.
Subclass:
454
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Four or more hydroxy groups:
This subclass is indented under subclass 450. Subject matter
wherein the alcohol or alcoholate produced contains four or
more hydroxyl groups (e.g., sorbitol, etc.).
Subclass:
455
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Oxygen containing compound produced:
This subclass is indented under subclass 413. Subject matter
wherein the organic compound produced contains oxygen (e.g.,
ethyl ether, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
427 for processes of preparing a cyclic ether or a cyclic
acetal from an aqueous bath or a bath other than a fused
bath.
Subclass:
456
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Carbocyclic ring containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 455. Subject matter
wherein the oxygen containing compound produced contains a
ring or ring system in which all the ring members are
carbons.
Subclass:
457
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Metal containing compound produced:
This subclass is indented under subclass 413. wherein the
organic compound produced contains a metal (elements of
atomic number 3-4, 11-13, 19-33, 37-51, 55-84 or 87).
Subclass:
458
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Lead containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 457. Subject matter
wherein the metal is lead.
Subclass:
459
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Halogen containing compound produced:
This subclass is indented under subclass 413. Subject matter
wherein the organic compound produced contains halogen
(fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, or astatine).
Subclass:
460
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Fluorine containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 459. Subject matter
wherein the halogen containing compound produced contains
fluorine.
Subclass:
461
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Acyclic:
This subclass is indented under subclass 459. Subject matter
wherein the halogen containing compound contains no ring
system (e.g., methyl chloride, etc.).
Subclass:
462
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Hydrocarbon produced:
This subclass is indented under subclass 413. wherein the
organic compound produced consists of carbon and hydrogen
only.
Subclass:
463
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Carbocyclic ring containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 462. wherein the
hydrocarbon compound produced contains a ring or ring system
in which all the ring members are carbons.
Subclass:
464
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Preparing inorganic compound:
This subclass is indented under subclass 334. Subject matter
wherein inorganic compounds are produced from an aqueous bath
or a bath other than a fused bath by synthesis.
(1) Note. See subclass 357, (1) Note, for the definition of
"inorganic compound."
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
357 for processes of preparing inorganic compounds from a
fused bath by synthesis.
Subclass:
465
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Peroxy compound produced:
This subclass is indented under subclass 464. Subject matter
wherein a peroxy compound is produced during synthesis.
(1) Note. A peroxy compound contains the O-O or
O[subscrpt]2[end subscrpt] group in which two oxygen atoms
are singly linked.
(2) Note. This subclass does not contain quadrivalent metal
dioxides (i.e., MnO[subscrpt]2[end subscrpt],
PbO[subscrpt]2[end subscrpt], etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
333 for processes of electrolytically coating with
peroxides.
Subclass:
466
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Hydrogen peroxide:
This subclass is indented under subclass 465. Subject matter
wherein hydrogen peroxide is produced during synthesis.
Subclass:
467
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing mercury or amalgam electrode:
This subclass is indented under subclass 466. Subject matter
wherein a mercury or amalgam electrode is utilized during
synthesis.
Subclass:
468
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing inorganic carbon containing electrode:
This subclass is indented under subclass 466. Subject matter
wherein at least one electrode containing inorganic carbon is
utilized during synthesis.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, subclass 294
for specified inorganic carbon electrode compositions.
Subclass:
469
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Boron containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 465. Subject matter
wherein a boron containing peroxy is produced during
synthesis.
Subclass:
470
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Phosphorus containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 465. Subject matter
wherein a phosphorus containing peroxy is produced during
synthesis.
Subclass:
471
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Sulfur containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 465. Subject matter
wherein a sulfur containing peroxy is produced during
synthesis.
Subclass:
472
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing specified electrode:
This subclass is indented under subclass 471. Subject matter
wherein an electrode of specified structure or composition is
utilized during synthesis.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, 280 for an
electrode of specified structure or composition.
Subclass:
473
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Perhalogen acid or salt thereof produced:
This subclass is indented under subclass 464. Subject matter
wherein the inorganic compound produced is a perhalogen acid
or salt thereof (e.g., periodic acid, etc.).
Subclass:
474
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Perchlorate or perchloric acid:
This subclass is indented under subclass 473. Subject matter
wherein the perhalogen acid or salt thereof produced is a
perchlorate (e.g., sodium perchlorate NaClO[subscrpt]4[end
subscrpt], etc.) or perchloric acid (HClO[subscrpt]4[end
subscrpt]).
Subclass:
475
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Permanganate produced:
This subclass is indented under subclass 464. Subject matter
wherein the inorganic compound produced is a permanganate
(e.g., sodium permanganate NaMnO[subscrpt]4[end subscrpt],
etc.).
Subclass:
476
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Potassium containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 475. Subject matter
wherein the permanganate or permanganic produced contains
potassium.
Subclass:
477
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Metal containing compound produced:
This subclass is indented under subclass 464. Subject matter
wherein the inorganic compound produced contains a metal
(elements of atomic number 3-4, 11-13, 19-33, 37-51, 55-84 or
87).
Subclass:
478
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Carbon containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 477. Subject matter
wherein the metal containing compound produced contains
carbon.
Subclass:
479
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Cyanide:
This subclass is indented under subclass 478. Subject matter
wherein the carbon containing compound produced is a cyanide
in which the carbon is bound to nitrogen by a triple bond
(e.g., potassium ferricyamide K[subscrpt]3[end subscrpt]Fe
(CN)[subscrpt]6[end subscrpt] etc.).
Subclass:
480
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Carbonate or bicarbonate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 478. Subject matter
wherein the carbon containing compound produced is a
carbonate (CO[subscrpt]3[end subscrpt] containing) or a
bicarbonate (HCO[subscrpt]3[end subscrpt] containing).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
465 for processes of preparing a percarbonate or
peroxycarbonate from an aqueous bath or a bath other than a
fused bath.
Subclass:
481
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Lead containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 480. Subject matter
wherein the carbonate or bicarbonate produced contains lead.
Subclass:
482
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Alkali metal containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 480. Subject matter
wherein the carbonate or bicarbonate produced contains an
alkali metal (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, or Fr).
Subclass:
483
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Chromium containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 477. Subject matter
wherein the metal containing compound produced contains
chromium.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
178 for processes of forming multiple superposed
electrolytic coatings wherein at least one of the coatings
contains chromium.
243 for processes of depositing predominantly alloy coating
having chromium as the predominate constituent.
283 for processes of depositing predominantly chromium
coating.
Subclass:
484
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Chromate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 483. Subject matter
wherein the chromium containing compound produced is chromate
(CrO[subscrpt]4[end subscrpt] containing).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
199 for processes of forming nonelectrolytic coating after
forming electrolytic coating where the electrolytic coating
contains chromate.
319 for processes of forming a nonmetal coating which
contains chromate.
Subclass:
485
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Alkali metal containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 484. Subject matter
wherein the chromate produced contains an alkali metal (Li,
Na, K, Rb, Cs, or Fr).
Subclass:
486
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Chromic acid:
This subclass is indented under subclass 483. Subject matter
wherein the chromium containing compound is chromic acid
(H[subscrpt]2[end subscrpt]CrO[subscrpt]4[end subscrpt]).
Subclass:
487
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing specified electrode:
This subclass is indented under subclass 486. Subject matter
wherein a specified electrode structure or composition is
utilized during synthesis.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, 280 for
specified electrode structure and composition.
Subclass:
488
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Phosphorus containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 477. Subject matter
wherein the metal containing compound produced contains
phosphorus.
Subclass:
489
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Phosphate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 488. Subject matter
wherein the phosphorus containing compound produced is a
phosphate (PO[subscrpt]4[end subscrpt] containing).
Subclass:
490
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Alkali or alkaline earth metal, beryllium, or magnesium
containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 489. Subject matter
wherein the phosphate produced contains an alkali or alkaline
earth metal, beryllium, or magnesium (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr,
Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, or Ra).
Subclass:
491
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Nitrogen containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 477. Subject matter
wherein the metal containing compound produced contains
nitrogen (e.g., nitrosodisulfonate, etc.).
Subclass:
492
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Nitrite:
This subclass is indented under subclass 491. Subject matter
wherein the nitrogen containing metal compound is a nitrite
(NO[subscrpt]2[end subscrpt] containing).
Subclass:
493
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Nitrate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 491. Subject matter
wherein the nitrogen containing metal compound is a nitrate
(NO[subscrpt]3[end subscrpt] containing).
Subclass:
494
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Sulfur containing (e.g., sulfide, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 477. Subject matter
wherein the metal containing compound produced contains
sulfur (e.g., sodium sulfide, etc.).
Subclass:
495
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Sulfite, bisulfite, or dithionite:
This subclass is indented under subclass 494. Subject matter
wherein the sulfur containing compound produced is a sulfite
(SO[subscrpt]3[end subscrpt] containing), a bisulfite
(HSO[subscrpt]3[end subscrpt] containing), or a dithionite
(S[subscrpt]2[end subscrpt]O[subscrpt]4[end subscrpt]
containing).
(1) Note. Dithionite may be termed hydrosulfite or
hyposulfite in the patents.
Subclass:
496
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Sulfate or bisulfate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 494. Subject matter
wherein the sulfur containing compound produced is a sulfate
(SO4 containing) or a bisulfate (HSO4 containing).
Subclass:
497
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Group VIII metal, lead, or copper containing (Fe, Co, Ni, Rn,
Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, Pt, Pb, or Cu):
This subclass is indented under subclass 496. Subject matter
wherein the sulfate produced contains a group VIII metal or
lead or copper.
Subclass:
498
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Halogen containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 477. Subject matter
wherein the metal containing compound produced contains
halogen (i.e., fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and
astatine).
Subclass:
499
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Oxygen containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 498. Subject matter
wherein the halogen containing compound produced contains
oxygen (e.g., potassium bromate, etc.).
Subclass:
500
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Hypochlorite or chlorite:
This subclass is indented under subclass 499. Subject matter
wherein the oxygen containing compound produced is a
hypochlorite (ClO containing) or chlorite (ClO[subscrpt]2[end
subscrpt] containing).
Subclass:
501
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing tubular or coated electrode:
This subclass is indented under subclass 500. Subject matter
wherein a tubular or coated electrode is utilized during
synthesis.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, subclasses
280-294 for electrodes utilized in carrying out the
processes herein provided for and subclasses 290.01-290.15
for laminated or coated electrodes.
Subclass:
502
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Chlorate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 499. Subject matter
wherein the oxygen containing compound produced is a chlorate
(ClO[subscrpt]3[end subscrpt] containing).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
474 for processes of preparing perchlorate or perchloric
acid from an aqueous bath or a bath other than a fused bath.
Subclass:
503
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Alkali metal containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 502. Subject matter
wherein the chlorate produced contains an alkali metal.
Subclass:
504
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing graphite or inorganic carbon containing electrode:
This subclass is indented under subclass 503. Subject matter
wherein a graphite or inorganic carbon electrode is utilized
during synthesis.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, subclass 294
for carbon containing electrode.
Subclass:
505
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing coated electrode:
This subclass is indented under subclass 503. Subject matter
wherein a coated electrode is utilized during synthesis.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, subclasses
290.01-290.15 for laminated or coated electrodes.
Subclass:
506
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Germanium, tin, or lead (containing Ge, Sn, or Pb):
This subclass is indented under subclass 498. Subject matter
wherein the halogen containing compound produced contains
germanium, tin, or lead.
Subclass:
507
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Copper, silver, or gold containing (Cu, Ag, or Au):
This subclass is indented under subclass 498. Subject matter
wherein the halogen containing compound produced contains
copper, silver, or gold.
Subclass:
508
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Hydroxide:
This subclass is indented under subclass 477. wherein a
metallic hydroxide is produced during synthesis.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
316 for processes of applying a hydroxide coating to a
substrate electrolytically.
Subclass:
509
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Group VIII metal containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 508. Subject matter
wherein a group VIII metal hydroxide is produced.
Subclass:
510
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Alkali metal containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 508. Subject matter
wherein the metal hydroxide produced contains an alkali
metal.
Subclass:
511
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing bipolar electrode:
This subclass is indented under subclass 510. Subject
wherein at least one bipolar-type electrode is utilized
during synthesis.
(1) Note. See subclass 383 for the definition of "bipolar
electrode."
Subclass:
512
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Potassium hydroxide produced:
This subclass is indented under subclass 510. Subject matter
wherein potassium hydroxide is produced.
Subclass:
513
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing filter press cell configuration:
This subclass is indented under subclass 512. Subject matter
wherein a filter press-type cell is utilized during
synthesis.
(1) Note. A filter press-type cell is a cell containing at
least one alternating anode unit and cathode unit having a
membrane or diaphragm disposed therebetween and means to
compress the units and membranes or diaphragms together where
the compression means can be springs, bolts, clamps, etc.
Subclass:
514
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing cell having three or more compartments or units:
This subclass is indented under subclass 512. Subject matter
wherein a cell having three or more compartments or units is
utilized during synthesis (e.g., a buffer compartment,
etc.).
Subclass:
515
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Including gas compartment:
This subclass is indented under subclass 514. Subject matter
wherein at least one of the cell compartments or units
contains gas.
Subclass:
516
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
And elemental halogen produced:
This subclass is indented under subclass 510. Subject matter
wherein a halogen is also produced in the elemental state
during synthesis (e.g., F, Cl, Br, I, etc.).
Subclass:
517
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing structurally defined diaphragm or membrane or
diaphragm or membrane other than nonstructurally defined
single layer cation exchange membrane having single-type
cation exchange groups (e.g., anion exchange membrane,
etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 516. Subject matter
wherein a diaphragm or membrane having a specified
composition or configuration other than a nonstructurally
defined single layer cation exchange membrane having
single-type cation exchange groups is utilized during
synthesis.
(1) Note. Anion exchange groups include, for example,
quaternary ammonium groups, quaternary pyridinium groups,
sulfonium bases, primary, secondary and tertiary amino
groups, pyridine groups, imino groups, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
95, Gas Separation: Processes, 45 for selective diffusion
of gases through a substantially solid barrier using a solid
electrolyte membrane (SEM) which functions without electrodes
and without externally applied voltage. These membranes are
used where the partial pressure of the gas to be diffused
through the membrane on the permeate side is lower than that
on the feed side. Electrodeless solid electrolyte membrane
cells are operated by maintaining a pressure on the feed side
such that a positive driving force for ion transport can be
achieved in the absence of an externally applied voltage and
power source. Class 204 takes the use of a SEM situated
between two electrodes positioned to apply external voltage
across the membrane. These are used where the partial
pressure of the gas is to be diffused through the permeate
side. Molecules on the feed electrochemically dissociated
into ions are transported across the matrix of the membrane
by the applied voltage and recombined to form molecules on
the anode.
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, subclass 295
and 296 for a specified membrane or diaphragm composition.
Subclass:
518
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Asbestos containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 517. Subject matter
wherein a diaphragm or membrane containing asbestos is
utilized during synthesis.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, subclass 295
for a specified membrane or diaphragm containing asbestos.
Subclass:
519
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
And polymer containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 518. Subject matter
wherein the asbestos containing membrane or diaphragm also
includes a polymer constituent.
Subclass:
520
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Membrane having two or more different ion exchange groups in
a single layer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 517. Subject matter
wherein a membrane containing two or more different ion
exchange groups are utilized during synthesis.
(1) Note. This subclass can include a mixture of cationic
exchange groups (e.g., carboxylic, sulfonic, and phosphoric
groups; cationic and anionic groups; etc.).
Subclass:
521
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Multilayered membrane:
This subclass is indented under subclass 517. Subject matter
wherein a membrane having more than one layer is utilized
during synthesis.
Subclass:
522
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Roughened membrane:
This subclass is indented under subclass 517. Subject matter
wherein a membrane having at least one surface thereof
roughened is utilized during synthesis.
Subclass:
523
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Diaphragm or membrane having a specified porosity:
This subclass is indented under subclass 517. Subject matter
wherein a diaphragm or membrane having a specified porosity
is utilized during synthesis.
(1) Note. This subclass does not include a diaphragm or
membrane which broadly states that it is porous without
giving a specific pore size or range.
Subclass:
524
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Diaphragm or membrane having nonelectrode layer bonded
thereto or embedded therein:
This subclass is indented under subclass 517. Subject matter
wherein a diaphragm or membrane having a nonelectrode layer
bonded thereto or embedded therein is utilized during
synthesis.
Subclass:
525
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Electrode bonded diaphragm or membrane:
This subclass is indented under subclass 517. Subject matter
wherein a diaphragm or membrane having at least one electrode
bonded thereto is utilized during synthesis.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, subclass 282
and 283 for the structure and composition of electrodes
bonded to a membrane or diaphragm.
Subclass:
526
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing specified electrode (e.g., rod, cylinder, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 516. Subject matter
wherein at least one specified electrode structure or
composition is utilized during synthesis.
Subclass:
527
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Mercury or amalgam cathode:
This subclass is indented under subclass 526. Subject matter
wherein a mercury or amalgam cathode is utilized during
synthesis.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
529 for treating the amalgamated mercury cathode with water
or other agent to generate the hydroxide when combined with
the electrolytic synthesis step of producing the amalgam even
though no electrolytic action is claimed for the amalgamated
mercury treatment step.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
423, Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, subclass 180 for the
mere treatment of mercury amalgam which may be prepared
electrolytically unless an internal or external current is
impressed to facilitate the action by electrolysis.
Subclass:
528
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Specified anode composition:
This subclass is indented under subclass 527. Subject matter
wherein an anode of specified composition is utilized during
synthesis.
Subclass:
529
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Purifying the cathode:
This subclass is indented under subclass 527. Subject matter
wherein the mercury or amalgam cathode is purified.
(1) Note. This subclass includes treating the amalgamated
mercury cathode with water or other agent to generate the
hydroxide when combined with the electrolytic synthesis step
of producing the amalgam even though no electrolytic action
is claimed for the amalgamated mercury treatment step.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
423, Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, subclass 180 for the
mere treatment of mercury amalgam which may be prepared
electrolytically unless an internal or external current is
impressed to facilitate the action by electrolysis.
Subclass:
530
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Concentrically arranged electrodes:
This subclass is indented under subclass 526. Subject matter
wherein two or more electrodes arranged concentrically one
within the other are utilized during synthesis.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, subclass 272
for concentrically arranged electrodes.
Subclass:
531
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Foraminous or perforated (e.g., mesh, screen, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 526. Subject matter
wherein at least one of the electrodes which is foraminous or
perforated is utilized during synthesis.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, subclass 284
for foraminous or perforated electrodes.
Subclass:
532
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Laminated or coated:
This subclass is indented under subclass 526. Subject matter
wherein at least one electrode which is laminated or coated
is utilized during synthesis.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
80 for processes of applying a coating electrolytically.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, subclass 284
for foraminous or perforated electrodes.
427, Coating Processes, 58 for processes of producing
electrical products by a coating operation.
Subclass:
533
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Polymer or graphite or inorganic carbon containing coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 532. Subject matter
wherein an electrode having at least one polymer or graphite
or inorganic carbon containing coating is utilized during
synthesis.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
517 for a process of preparing a hydroxide and halogen
wherein a coated or laminated membrane or diaphragm is used.
Subclass:
534
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Raney metal containing coating (e.g., Ni-Al alloy, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 532. Subject matter
wherein the electrode has at least one Raney metal containing
coating.
(1) Note. Raney metal is an alloy of any two or more metals
having the property of forming a catalytically active porous
surface upon the leaching of an inactive soluble component
metal (sacrificial metal) from the alloy, usually by a strong
base such as sodium hydroxide, to leave an active metal.
Some specific Raney metals are, for example, Raney silver and
Raney Cobalt. This subclass includes both the alloy or the
active catalyst produced by dissolving out the sacrificial
metal.
Subclass:
535
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Valve metal containing electrode substrate (i.e., Ta, Nb, Hf,
Zr, Ti, V, W, Be, or Al):
This subclass is indented under subclass 532. Subject matter
wherein the electrode substrate contains a valve metal.
(1) Note. For purposes of this subclass, a valve metal is a
metal which forms an electrically insulating,
corrosion-resistant oxide film upon exposure to acidic
materials under anodic conditions. The valve metals are also
referred to as the film-forming metals.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, subclasses
290.01-290.15 for laminated or coated electrodes,
especially subclasses 290.12-290.13 for a two-layer electrode
containing a refractory metal.
Subclass:
536
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Treating electrolyte or bath material prior to synthesis
other than heating, cooling, or replacing consumed material
during synthesis:
This subclass is indented under subclass 516. Subject matter
wherein the electrolyte or bath material is treated prior to
synthesis other than by heating, cooling, or replacing
material consumed during synthesis.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
351 for treating the electrolyte or bath without removal
from the cell other than regenerating, replenishing, or
replacing consumed material during synthesis.
Subclass:
537
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Controlling electrolyte flow other than by flow through a
diaphragm or membrane:
This subclass is indented under subclass 516. Subject matter
wherein the flow of electrolyte is controlled during the
synthesis other than by flow through a diaphragm or membrane
(e.g., utilizing baffles, conduits, differences in solution
densities, specific electrolyte feed rate, entrained gas in
solution, etc.).
Subclass:
538
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Oxide:
This subclass is indented under subclass 477. Subject matter
wherein a metallic oxide is produced during synthesis.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
333 for processes of applying an oxide coating to a
substrate electrolytically.
Subclass:
539
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Manganese containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 538. Subject matter
wherein a manganese oxide is produced during synthesis.
Subclass:
540
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
And elemental zinc or elemental manganese produced:
This subclass is indented under subclass 539. Subject matter
wherein elemental zinc or elemental manganese is also
produced during synthesis.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
262 for processes of electrolytically coating with manganese
from an aqueous bath.
305 for processes of electrolytically coating with zinc from
an aqueous bath.
369 for the processes of preparing metallic zinc from a
fused bath by synthesis.
370 for the processes of preparing metallic manganese from a
fused bath by synthesis.
602 for the processes of preparing metallic zinc from an
aqueous bath or a bath other than a fused bath by synthesis.
Subclass:
541
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing specified electrode:
This subclass is indented under subclass 539. Subject matter
wherein at least one specified electrode is utilized during
synthesis.
(1) Note. This subclass includes specified composition
and/or configuration.
Subclass:
542
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, or tantalum
containing (Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, or Ta):
This subclass is indented under subclass 541. Subject matter
wherein the electrode contains titanium, zirconium, hafnium,
vanadium, niobium, or tantalum.
Subclass:
543
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Group VIII metal containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 538. Subject matter
wherein a group VIII metal containing oxide is produced
during synthesis (e.g., an oxide of Fe, Ni, or Co.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
269 for processes of electrolytically coating with cobalt
from an aqueous bath.
270 for processes of electrolytically coating with iron from
an aqueous bath.
271 for processes of electrolytically coating with nickel
from an aqueous bath.
370 for processes of preparing iron, cobalt, or nickel from
a fused bath by synthesis.
587 for processes of preparing iron or cobalt from an
aqueous bath or a bath other than a fused bath by synthesis.
594 for processes of preparing nickel from an aqueous bath
or a bath other than a fused bath by synthesis.
Subclass:
544
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Germanium, tin or lead containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 538. Subject matter
wherein germanium, tin, or lead containing oxide is produced
during synthesis.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
299 for processes of electrolytically coating with lead from
an aqueous bath.
300 for processes of electrolytically coating with tin from
an aqueous bath.
369 for processes of preparing lead from a fused bath by
synthesis.
597 for processes of preparing lead from an aqueous bath or
a bath other than a fused bath by synthesis.
610 for processes of preparing tin form an aqueous bath or a
bath other than a fused bath by synthesis.
Subclass:
545
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Copper, silver, gold, zinc, cadmium, or mercury containing
(Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Cd, Hg):
This subclass is indented under subclass 538. Subject matter
wherein copper, silver, gold, zinc, cadmium, or mercury
containing oxide is produced during synthesis.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
263 for processed of electrolytically coating with silver
from an aqueous bath.
266 for processes of electrolytically coating with gold from
an aqueous bath.
281 for processes of electrolytically coating with cadmium
from an aqueous bath.
291 for processes of electrolytically coating with copper
from an aqueous bath.
305 for processes of electrolytically coating with zinc from
an aqueous bath.
369 for processes of preparing zinc or cadmium from a fused
bath by synthesis.
562 for processes of preparing mercury from an aqueous bath
or a bath other than a fused bath by synthesis.
571 for processes of preparing silver or gold from an
aqueous bath or a bath other than a fused bath by synthesis.
574 for processes of preparing copper from an aqueous bath
or a bath other than a fused bath by synthesis.
602 for processes of preparing zinc from an aqueous bath or
a bath other than a fused bath by synthesis.
Subclass:
546
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Hydrate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 477. Subject matter
wherein a metallic hydrate is produced during synthesis.
(1) Note. A hydrate is a substance containing water
combined in the molecular form.
Subclass:
547
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Germanium, tin, or lead containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 477. Subject matter
wherein a compound containing germanium, tin, or lead is
produced during synthesis (e.g., lead borate, sodium
stannate, etc.).
Subclass:
548
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Iron, cobalt, or nickel containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 477. Subject matter
wherein a compound containing iron, cobalt, or nickel is
produced during synthesis (e.g., potassium ferrate, etc.).
Subclass:
549
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Silicon, boron, or phosphorus containing compound produced:
This subclass is indented under subclass 464. Subject matter
wherein an inorganic compound containing silicon, boron, or
phosphorus is produced during synthesis.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
358 for processes of preparing inorganic silicon, boron, or
phosphorus compounds from a fused bath by synthesis.
420 for processes of preparing organic silicon, boron, or
phosphorus containing compounds from an aqueous bath or a
bath other than a fused bath by synthesis.
477 for processes of preparing metal containing silicon or
boron compounds from an aqueous bath or a bath other than a
fused bath by synthesis.
488 for processes of preparing metal containing phosphorus
compounds from an aqueous bath or a bath other than a fused
bath by synthesis.
Subclass:
550
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Phosphine:
This subclass is indented under subclass 549. Subject matter
wherein the compound produced is phosphine (PH[subscrpt]3[end
subscrpt]).
(1) Note. The aqueous electrolyte bath utilized herein may
contain a portion or a pool of molten phosphorus.
Subclass:
551
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Nitrogen containing compound produced:
This subclass is indented under subclass 464. Subject matter
wherein a compound containing nitrogen is produced during
synthesis.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
491 for processes of producing metal containing nitrogen
compounds by synthesis.
617 for processes of producing elemental nitrogen by
synthesis.
Subclass:
552
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Ammonia:
This subclass is indented under subclass 551. Subject matter
wherein the compound produced is ammonia.
Subclass:
553
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Nitric acid or oxide of nitrogen:
This subclass is indented under subclass 551. Subject matter
wherein the compound produced is nitric acid or an oxide of
nitrogen.
Subclass:
554
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Sulfur containing compound produced:
This subclass is indented under subclass 464. Subject matter
wherein a compound containing sulfur is produced during
synthesis.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
361 for processes of preparing inorganic sulfur containing
compounds from a fused bath by synthesis.
444 for processes of preparing organic sulfur containing
compounds from an aqueous bath or bath other than a fused
bath by synthesis.
494 for processes of preparing metal containing sulfur
compounds from an aqueous bath or a bath other than a fused
bath by synthesis.
617 for processes of preparing elemental sulfur from an
aqueous bath or a bath other than a fused bath by synthesis.
Subclass:
555
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Carbon containing compound produced:
This subclass is indented under subclass 464. Subject matter
wherein an inorganic compound containing carbon is produced
by synthesis (e.g., carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
478 for processes of preparing metal containing inorganic
carbon compounds from an aqueous bath or a bath other than a
fused bath by synthesis.
Subclass:
556
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Halogen containing compound produced:
This subclass is indented under subclass 464. Subject matter
wherein a compound containing halogen is produced during
synthesis.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
356 for processes of preparing organic halogen containing
compounds from a fused bath by synthesis.
359 for processes of preparing inorganic halogen containing
compounds from a fused bath by synthesis.
411 for processes of preparing elemental halogen from a
fused bath by synthesis.
459 for processes of preparing organic halogen containing
compounds from an aqueous bath or a bath other than a fused
bath by synthesis.
498 for processes of preparing metal containing halogen
compounds from an aqueous bath or a bath other than a fused
bath by synthesis.
618 for processes of preparing elemental halogen from an
aqueous bath or a bath other than a fused bath by synthesis.
Subclass:
557
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Preparing alloy:
This subclass is indented under subclass 334. Subject matter
wherein an alloy is produced during synthesis utilizing an
aqueous bath or other bath.
(1) Note. See Class 420, Glossary, for the definition of
"alloy."
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
238 for processes of depositing a predominantly alloy
coating from an aqueous bath.
363 for processes of preparing an alloy from a fused bath.
Subclass:
558
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Amalgam produced (e.g., utilizing mercury or amalgam
electrode during synthesis, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 557. Subject matter
wherein the alloy produced is an amalgam (alloy of mercury
with another metal) which may be synthesized by alloying a
metal with a mercury or amalgam cathode.
Subclass:
559
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Precious metal containing (Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, Pt, Ag, or
Au):
This subclass is indented under subclass 558. Subject matter
wherein the amalgam produced contains a precious metal (i.e.,
Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir,Pt, Ag, or Au).
Subclass:
560
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Preparing single metal:
This subclass is indented under subclass 334. Subject matter
wherein a single metal (free metal or elemental metal) is
produced from an aqueous bath or other bath.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
261 for processes of depositing a predominantly single metal
coating from an aqueous bath.
367 for processes of preparing a single metal from a fused
bath.
Subclass:
561
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing bipolar electrode:
This subclass is indented under subclass 560. Subject matter
wherein the electrode utilized during synthesis is a
bipolar-type electrode which is a planar electrode wherein
one surface serves as an anode and the other surface serves
as a cathode.
Subclass:
562
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Mercury produced:
This subclass is indented under subclass 560. Subject matter
wherein the single metal produced is mercury.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
559 for processes of preparing an alloy of mercury (amalgam)
from an aqueous bath or a bath other than a fused bath.
Subclass:
563
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Arsenic, antimony, or bismuth produced (As, Sb, or Bi):
This subclass is indented under subclass 560. Subject matter
wherein the single metal produced is arsenic, antimony, or
bismuth.
Subclass:
564
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Gallium, germanium, indium, vanadium, or molybdenum produced
(Ga, Ge, In, V, or Mo):
This subclass is indented under subclass 560. Subject matter
wherein the single metal produced is gallium, germanium,
indium, vanadium, or molybdenum.
Subclass:
565
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Precious metal produced:
This subclass is indented under subclass 560. Subject matter
wherein the single metal produced is a precious metal (i.e.,
Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, Pt, Ag, or Au).
Subclass:
566
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing specified electrode other than consumable precious
metal containing electrode:
This subclass is indented under subclass 565. Subject matter
wherein a specified electrode structure or composition is
utilized other than a precious metal containing electrode
which is used up during synthesis.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, 280 for an
electrode of specified structure or composition.
Subclass:
567
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Alloy electrode:
This subclass is indented under subclass 566. Subject matter
wherein the specified electrode is an alloy electrode.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, subclass 293
for an electrode composed of a particular alloy.
Subclass:
568
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Leaching, dissolving, or extracting prior to synthesis:
This subclass is indented under subclass 565. Subject matter
wherein a source material (raw material) containing the
precious metal is subjected to a process of leaching,
dissolving, or extracting prior to electrolytic synthesis.
Subclass:
569
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing nitrogen containing material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 568. Subject matter
wherein a nitrogen containing material (e.g., nitric acid,
sodium cyanide, etc.) is used in the leaching, dissolving, or
extracting process (e.g., cyaniding leach, etc.).
Subclass:
570
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing halogen containing material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 568. Subject matter
wherein a halogen containing material (e.g., hydrochloric
acid, ferric chloride, etc.) is used in the leaching,
dissolving, or extracting process (i.e., halogenating
leach).
Subclass:
571
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Silver or gold:
This subclass is indented under subclass 565. Subject matter
wherein the precious metal is silver or gold.
Subclass:
572
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Chromium produced:
This subclass is indented under subclass 560. Subject matter
wherein the single metal produced is chromium.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
283 for processes of depositing a chromium coating from an
aqueous bath.
Subclass:
573
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Manganese produced:
This subclass is indented under subclass 560. Subject matter
wherein the single metal produced is manganese.
Subclass:
574
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Copper produced:
This subclass is indented under subclass 560. Subject matter
wherein the single metal produced is copper.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
291 for processes of depositing a copper coating from an
aqueous bath.
Subclass:
575
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing specified electrode other than consumable copper
containing electrode:
This subclass is indented under subclass 574. Subject matter
wherein a specified electrode structure or composition is
utilized other than a copper containing electrode which is
used up during synthesis.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, 280 for an
electrode of specified structure or composition.
Subclass:
576
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Specified anode:
This subclass is indented under subclass 575. Subject matter
wherein the specified electrode is an anode.
Subclass:
577
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Elemental carbon containing (e.g., graphite, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 576. Subject matter
wherein the specified anode contains carbon in a free state
(e.g., graphite, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, subclass 294
for a carbon containing electrode composition.
Subclass:
578
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Lead containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 576. Subject matter
wherein the specified anode contains lead.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, 291 for an
electrode made of a specified composition.
Subclass:
579
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Iron, cobalt, or nickel containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 576. Subject matter
wherein the specified anode contains iron, cobalt, or
nickel.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, 291 for an
electrode made of a specified composition.
Subclass:
580
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Leaching, dissolving, or extracting prior to synthesis:
This subclass is indented under subclass 574. Subject matter
wherein a source material (raw material) containing the
copper is subjected to a process of leaching, dissolving, or
extracting prior to electrolytic synthesis.
Subclass:
581
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing organic material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 580. Subject matter
wherein an organic material (e.g., oximes, diketones, etc.)
is used in the leaching, dissolving, or extracting process.
Subclass:
582
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing halogen containing material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 580. Subject matter
wherein a halogen containing material is used in the
leaching, dissolving, or extracting process (i.e.,
halogenating leach).
Subclass:
583
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing sulfur containing material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 580. Subject matter
wherein a sulfur containing material (e.g., sulfuric acid,
etc.) is used in the leaching, dissolving, or extracting
process (e.g., sulfating leach, etc.).
Subclass:
584
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Recycling electrolyte or bath material back to production
cell after synthesis:
This subclass is indented under subclass 583. Subject matter
wherein at least a portion of the electrolyte or bath
material is sent back to the electrolytic cell where copper
was produced after synthesis.
Subclass:
585
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Bath contains organic material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 574. Subject matter
wherein the electrolyte bath contains an organic material.
Subclass:
586
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Purifying or treating electrolyte or bath prior to or after
synthesis:
This subclass is indented under subclass 574. Subject matter
wherein the electrolyte or bath is purified or treated prior
to or after electrolytic synthesis.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
351 for processes of treating electrolyte or bath without
removal from cell other than regenerating, replacing, or
replenishing consumed material during synthesis.
Subclass:
587
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Iron, cobalt, or nickel produced:
This subclass is indented under subclass 560. Subject matter
wherein the single metal produced is iron, cobalt, or
nickel.
Subclass:
588
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Specified anode other than consumable iron, cobalt, or nickel
containing electrode:
This subclass is indented under subclass 587. Subject matter
wherein a specified anode structure or composition is
utilized other than an iron, cobalt, or nickel containing
electrode which is used up during synthesis.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, 280 for an
electrode of specified structure or composition.
Subclass:
589
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Leaching, dissolving, or extracting prior to synthesis:
This subclass is indented under subclass 587. Subject matter
wherein a source material (raw material) containing the iron
group metal (Fe, Co, or Ni) is subjected to a process of
leaching, dissolving, or extracting prior to electrolytic
synthesis.
Subclass:
590
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing organic material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 589. Subject matter
wherein an organic material is used for any purpose in the
leaching, dissolving, or extracting process.
Subclass:
591
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing halogen containing material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 589. Subject matter
wherein a halogen containing material is used in the
leaching, dissolving, or extracting process.
Subclass:
592
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Of iron:
This subclass is indented under subclass 591. Subject matter
wherein a source material containing iron is subjected to
leaching, dissolving, or extracting with a halogen containing
material (halogenating leach).
Subclass:
593
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Of iron:
This subclass is indented under subclass 589. Subject matter
wherein a source material containing iron is subjected to a
process of leaching, dissolving, or extracting prior to
electrolytic synthesis.
Subclass:
594
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Nickel:
This subclass is indented under subclass 587. Subject matter
wherein the iron group metal produced is nickel.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
271 for processes of depositing a nickel coating from an
aqueous bath.
Subclass:
595
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Bath contains organic material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 594. Subject matter
wherein the electrolyte bath contains an organic material.
Subclass:
596
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Bath pH below 5:
This subclass is indented under subclass 594. Subject matter
wherein the PH of the electrolyte bath is less than 5.0.
Subclass:
597
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Lead produced:
This subclass is indented under subclass 560. Subject matter
wherein the single metal produced is lead.
Subclass:
598
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing specified electrode other than consumable lead
containing electrode:
This subclass is indented under subclass 597. Subject matter
wherein a specified electrode structure or composition is
utilized other than a lead containing electrode which is used
up during synthesis.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, 280 for an
electrode of specified structure or composition.
Subclass:
599
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Leaching, dissolving, or extracting prior to synthesis:
This subclass is indented under subclass 597. Subject matter
wherein a source material (raw material) containing lead is
subjected to a process of leaching, dissolving, or extracting
prior to electrolytic synthesis.
Subclass:
600
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing halogen containing material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 599. Subject matter
wherein a halogen containing material is used in the
leaching, dissolving, or extracting process.
Subclass:
601
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Bath contains organic material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 597. Subject matter
wherein the electrolyte bath contains an organic material.
Subclass:
602
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Zinc produced:
This subclass is indented under subclass 560. Subject matter
wherein the single metal produced is zinc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
305 for processes of depositing zinc from an aqueous bath.
Subclass:
603
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing specified electrode other than consumable zinc
containing electrode:
This subclass is indented under subclass 602. Subject matter
wherein a specified electrode structure or composition is
utilized other than a zinc containing electrode which is used
up during synthesis.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, 280 for an
electrode of specified structure or composition.
Subclass:
604
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Leaching, dissolving, or extracting prior to synthesis:
This subclass is indented under subclass 602. Subject matter
wherein a source material containing zinc is subjected to a
process of leaching, dissolving, or extracting prior to
electrolytic synthesis.
Subclass:
605
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing organic material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 604. Subject matter
wherein an organic material is used in the leaching,
dissolving, or extracting process.
Subclass:
606
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing halogen containing material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 604. Subject matter
wherein a halogen containing material is used in the
leaching, dissolving, or extracting process.
Subclass:
607
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing sulfur containing material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 604. Subject matter
wherein a sulfur containing material is used in the leaching,
dissolving, or extracting process (e.g., sulfating leach,
etc.).
Subclass:
608
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Removing iron or iron containing material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 607. Subject matter
wherein iron or iron containing material is removed in the
process.
(1) Note. Included herein is the removal of iron or iron
containing material derived from the source or raw material
which is used for the production of zinc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
357 for processes of preparing an iron containing inorganic
compound from a fused bath.
370 for processes of preparing iron from a fused bath.
548 for processes of preparing iron containing inorganic
compound from an aqueous bath or a bath other than a fused
bath.
587 for processes of preparing iron from an aqueous bath or
a bath other than a fused bath.
Subclass:
609
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Bath contains silver, strontium, or organic material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 602. Subject matter
wherein the electrolyte bath contains silver, strontium, or
organic material.
Subclass:
610
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Tin produced:
This subclass is indented under subclass 560. Subject matter
wherein the single metal produced is tin.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
300 for processes of depositing a tin coating from an
aqueous bath.
Subclass:
611
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Leaching, dissolving or extracting prior to synthesis:
This subclass is indented under subclass 610. Subject matter
wherein a source material (raw material) containing tin is
subjected to a process of leaching, dissolving, or extracting
prior to electrolytic synthesis.
Subclass:
612
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing halogen containing material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 611. Subject matter
wherein a halogen containing material is used in the
leaching, dissolving, or extracting process.
Subclass:
613
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing sulfur containing material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 611. Subject matter
wherein a sulfur containing material is used for any purpose
in the leaching, dissolving, or extracting process (e.g.,
sulfating leach, etc.).
Subclass:
614
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Bath contains silicon or organic material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 610. Subject matter
wherein the electrolyte bath contains silicon or organic
material.
Subclass:
615
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Preparing nonmetal element:
This subclass is indented under subclass 334. Subject matter
wherein a nonmetallic element is produced during synthesis.
Subclass:
616
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing bipolar electrode:
This subclass is indented under subclass 615. Subject matter
wherein at least one bipolar electrode is utilized during
synthesis.
(1) Note. See subclass 383 (Class 205) for the definition
of "bipolar electrode."
Subclass:
617
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Sulfur or nitrogen produced:
This subclass is indented under subclass 615. Subject matter
wherein elemental sulfur or nitrogen is produced during
synthesis.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
360 for processes of preparing inorganic nitrogen containing
compounds from a fused bath by synthesis.
361 for processes of preparing inorganic sulfur containing
compounds from a fused bath by synthesis.
431 for processes of preparing organic nitrogen containing
compounds from an aqueous bath or a bath other than a fused
bath by synthesis.
444 for processes of preparing organic sulfur containing
compounds from an aqueous bath or a bath other a fused bath
by synthesis.
491 for processes of preparing meal containing nitrogen
compounds from an aqueous bath or a bath other than a fused
bath by synthesis.
494 for processes of preparing metal containing sulfur
compounds from an aqueous bath or a bath other than a fused
bath by synthesis.
551 for processes or preparing inorganic, nonmetal
containing nitrogen compound from an aqueous bath or a bath
other than a fused bath by synthesis.
554 for processes of preparing inorganic, nonmetal
containing sulfur compound from an aqueous bath or a bath
other than a fused bath by synthesis.
Subclass:
618
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Halogen produced:
This subclass is indented under subclass 615. Subject matter
wherein elemental halogen is produced during synthesis.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
356 for processes of preparing organic halogen containing
compounds from a fused bath.
359 for processes of preparing inorganic halogen compounds
from a fused bath by synthesis.
411 for processes of preparing elemental halogen from a
fused bath by synthesis.
459 for processes of preparing organic halogen containing
compounds from an aqueous bath or a bath other than a fused
bath by synthesis.
498 for processes of preparing metal containing halogen
compounds from an aqueous bath or a bath other than a fused
bath by synthesis.
556 for processes of preparing inorganic halogen containing
compounds from an aqueous bath or a bath other than a fused
bath by synthesis.
Subclass:
619
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Fluorine, bromine, or iodine produced:
This subclass is indented under subclass 618. Subject matter
wherein elemental fluorine, bromine, or iodine is produced
during synthesis.
Subclass:
620
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Chlorine and hydrogen produced:
This subclass is indented under subclass 618. Subject matter
wherein both elemental chlorine and hydrogen are produced
during synthesis.
Subclass:
621
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing specified metal or alloy cathode:
This subclass is indented under subclass 620. Subject matter
wherein a specified metal or alloy cathode is utilized during
synthesis.
Subclass:
622
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing specified electrode other than graphite or
inorganic carbon:
This subclass is indented under subclass 618. Subject matter
wherein at least one specified electrode structure or
composition other than graphite or inorganic carbon is
utilized during synthesis.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, 280 for an
electrode of specified structure or composition.
Subclass:
623
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Mercury or amalgam cathode:
This subclass is indented under subclass 622. Subject matter
wherein a mercury or amalgam cathode is utilized during
synthesis.
(1) Note. Amalgam is an alloy of a metal with mercury. See
Class 420, Glossary, for the definition of "alloy."
Subclass:
624
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Diaphragm or membrane bonded electrode:
This subclass is indented under subclass 622. Subject matter
wherein a diaphragm or membrane bonded to at least one
electrode or wherein at least one electrode bonded to a
diaphragm or membrane is utilized during synthesis.
(1) Note. The membrane or diaphragm must be a separately
made preform bonded to the electrode.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, subclass 282
and 283 for the structure and composition of electrodes and
membranes or diaphragms bonded together.
Subclass:
625
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Coated electrode:
This subclass is indented under subclass 622. Subject matter
wherein at least one electrode which is coated is utilized
during synthesis.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
80 for processes of applying a coating electrolytically.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, subclasses
290.01-290.15 for laminated or coated electrodes.
427, Coating Processes, 58 for processes of producing
electrical products by a coating operation.
Subclass:
626
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Ozone produced:
This subclass is indented under subclass 615. Subject matter
wherein ozone (O[subscrpt]3[end subscrpt]) is produced during
synthesis.
Subclass:
627
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Deuterium or tritium produced:
This subclass is indented under subclass 615. Subject matter
wherein deuterium or tritium (D[subscrpt]2[end subscrpt] or
H[subscrpt]3[end subscrpt]) is produced during synthesis.
Subclass:
628
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Oxygen and hydrogen produced:
This subclass is indented under subclass 615. Subject matter
wherein both elemental oxygen and hydrogen are produced
during synthesis.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
633 for processes of preparing elemental oxygen from an
aqueous bath or a bath other than a fused bath by synthesis.
637 for processes of preparing hydrogen from an aqueous bath
or a bath other than a fused bath by synthesis.
Subclass:
629
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing inorganic solid electrolyte:
This subclass is indented under subclass 628. Subject matter
wherein an inorganic solid electrolyte is utilized during
synthesis (e.g., ceramic, metallic, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, subclass 295
for specified electrolyte composition.
Subclass:
630
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing specified electrode:
This subclass is indented under subclass 628. Subject matter
wherein at least one specified electrode structure or
composition is utilized during synthesis.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, 280 for an
electrode of specified structure or composition.
Subclass:
631
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Specified single metal or alloy:
This subclass is indented under subclass 630. Subject matter
wherein at least one specified single metal or alloy
electrode is utilized during synthesis.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, subclass 292
and 293 for specified electrode single metal or alloy
compositions, respectively.
Subclass:
632
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Group VIII metal:
This subclass is indented under subclass 631. wherein the
electrode containing a group VIII metal (e.g., Fe, Ni, or Co)
or alloy is utilized during synthesis.
Subclass:
633
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Oxygen produced:
This subclass is indented under subclass 615. Subject matter
wherein elemental oxygen is produced during synthesis.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
628 for processes of preparing oxygen and hydrogen from an
aqueous bath or a bath other than a fused bath.
Subclass:
634
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing inorganic solid electrolyte:
This subclass is indented under subclass 633. Subject matter
wherein an inorganic solid electrolyte is utilized during
synthesis (e.g., ceramic, metallic, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, subclass 295
for specified electrolyte composition.
Subclass:
635
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing nonmetal containing electrode:
This subclass is indented under subclass 633. Subject matter
wherein at least one electrode containing a nonmetal is
utilized during synthesis (e.g., metal boride, carbide,
oxide, nitride, cermet, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, subclass 291
and 294 for specified nonmetal electrode compositions.
Subclass:
636
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing group VIII metal alloy electrode:
This subclass is indented under subclass 633. Subject matter
wherein at least one electrode containing a group VIII metal
alloy (e.g., Fe, Ni, Co alloy) is utilized during synthesis.
Subclass:
637
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Hydrogen produced:
This subclass is indented under subclass 615. Subject matter
wherein elemental hydrogen is produced during synthesis.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
510 for processes of preparing alkali metal hydroxide and
hydrogen from an aqueous bath or a bath other than a fused
bath.
620 for processes of preparing hydrogen and chlorine from an
aqueous bath or a bath other than a fused bath.
628 for processes of preparing oxygen and hydrogen from an
aqueous bath or a bath other than a fused bath.
Subclass:
638
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing specified electrode:
This subclass is indented under subclass 637. Subject matter
wherein at least one specified electrode structure or
composition is utilized during synthesis.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
280 for an electrode of specified structure or composition.
Subclass:
639
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Specified single metal or alloy:
This subclass is indented under subclass 638. Subject matter
wherein at least one electrode containing a single metal or
alloy is utilized during synthesis.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, subclass 292
and 293 for specified metal or alloy electrode compositions.
Subclass:
640
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Electrolytic erosion of a workpiece for shape or surface
change (e.g., etching, polishing, etc.) (process and
electrolyte composition):
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter in which the chemical change occurs as a
result of an electrolytic current between a tool electrode
and a workpiece electrode and involves removing material from
the workpiece in order to change the shape or surface
configuration thereof, including electrolyte compositions for
use therein.
(1) Note. For this subclass and the subclasses indented
hereunder, some of the terms in the schedule and definitions
are found at the end of this subclass definition.
(2) Note. This subclass and the subclasses indented
hereunder include the electrolyte technology employed in
electrolytic erosion processes. The regeneration, per se, of
such electrolytes is classified in subclass 673 and the
electrolyte compositions are classified in subclasses 674+.
(3) Note. The products of electrolytic erosion processes
are excluded from this and the subclasses indented hereunder
as a specific exception to the general rule of Class 204; see
section (B) of the class definition.
(4) Note. Processes included in this and the indented
subclasses are those in which the net result is stripping or
removal of material to change the shape or surface
configuration of a workpiece. Processes of electrolytic
erosion combined with electrolytic deposition of a desired
product are found in the above appropriate subclasses.
However, if electrolytic coating is followed by electrolysis
to entirely remove the electrolytically coated layer, no net
coating has taken place, and no desired product has been
synthesized (other than an electrolytically eroded or treated
article); therefore placing the process in this subclass or
the subclasses indented hereunder when such erosion or
treatment has resulted in a change of shape or surface
configuration of the base article (workpiece) and in
subclasses 687+ in other cases.
(5) Note. This subclass (640) is the locus for patents
directed to manufacturing or repairing of tools used in an
electrolytic erosion process; such manufacturing or repairing
not being provided for in any of the above subclasses in this
class. The manufacturing or repairing of these tools by
electrolytic erosion and the manufacturing or repairing of
these tools combined with their use in electrolytic erosion
are properly classified in the subclasses indented hereunder
when provided for in these subclasses.
(6) Note. Although this subclass and the subclasses
indented hereunder are intended to provide for electrolytic
polishing (electropolishing as defined above), other
processes which do not clearly or necessarily involve
electrolytic erosion (e.g., "brightening," forming a surface
"luster," etc.) may only be classified herein if such
operations are clearly electrolytic and are the result of a
shape or surface change of a workpiece. Otherwise, such
operations are assumed to be mere cleaning or removal of a
surface coating (e.g., metal oxide, sulfide, scale, etc.),
the electrolytic variety of which is provided for below,
under subclasses 687+, electrolytic material treatment.
"Burnishing" is generally mere mechanical compacting,
smoothing, or rubbing of material to produce a shiny or
lustrous surface thereon, unless clearly indicated
otherwise.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
52 for electrolytic marking (e.g., electroprinting, etc.)
involving electrolytic erosion.
70 for a process of making a die by electroforming in which
the die may or may not be used as a tool for electrolytic
erosion.
80 for a process where a polished surface is produced by
electrolytic coating.
205 for electrolytic erosion followed by electrolytic
coating.
220 for electrolytic coating followed by electrolytic
erosion of the coating to remove only a portion thereof.
687 for electrolytic erosion performed upon solid coherent
objects for purposes other than a change in the shape or
surface configuration of the workpiece.
705 for electrolytic metal treatment in which brightening
results from a cleaning action only. Processes in which
electrolytic polishing is preceded by an electrolytic
cleaning action are found in subclasses 660+.
717 for a process in which an entire layer of elemental
material is removed from a metallic substrate by electrolytic
erosion, the material removed not being limited to a portion
of the workpiece surface.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, 89.5 and 90.01+ for processes and
apparatus for producing a smooth surface by burnishing (e.g.,
by rubbing with a smooth surface of greater hardness than the
workpiece, etc.).
51, Abrasive Toolmaking Process, Material, or Composition,
for processes, materials, or compositions used to make tools
employed in changing the shape or surface configuration of an
object by grinding or other mechanical material removal
without also employing electrolytic erosion.
76, Metal Tools and Implements, Making, appropriate
subclasses for special machines, processes, blanks, and dies
for making tools, in particular, 107.1 for blanks and
processes of making dies.
134, Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids, appropriate
subclasses for processes and apparatus in general for
cleaning or assuring contact of a solid material with a
treating liquid.
148, Metal Treatment, appropriate subclasses for the
treatment (e.g., tempering, ageing, etc.) of solid or
semisolid metal to modify or maintain internal physical
structure (i.e., microstructure) or chemical properties of
the metal which may or may not be combined with a Class 205
procedure (e.g., carburizing or nitriding of solid metal
combined with electrolytic erosion, etc.). Processes of
electrolytic removal of metal by erosion combined with a
broadly claimed heat treatment are properly classified in
Class 205, 640.
216, Etching a Substrate: Processes, for processes of
chemical etching or erosion which do not employ an
electrolytic current, but may involve an electrical
discharge.
219, Electric Heating, especially 68, for processes of
electrical erosion which do not employ an electrolyte or
involve an added chemical reagent (e.g., spark gap erosion,
etc.).
252, Compositions, especially subclass 62.2 for electrolytes
specialized or designed for an electrical device used merely
as an electrical component (e.g., rectifier, condenser, etc.)
and subclasses 79.1+ for etching compositions which, although
not intended for use in electrolysis, may be identical in
composition to such electrolytes.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, subclass 612
for a composite metallic stock material having a microscopic
interfacial wave or roughness.
451, Abrading, appropriate subclasses for apparatus,
processes, and compositions for changing the shape or surface
configuration of an object by grinding or other mechanical
material removal, without electrolytic erosion.
483, Tool Changing, for a process or apparatus involving
electrolytic erosion in which changing a tool electrode using
a tool transfer means and a tool support or storage means is
the sole significantly recited feature.
ELECTROPOLISHING
The electrolytic erosion of solid surfaces to produce bright
or mirrorlike surfaces. The effect usually results from a
selective electrolytic erosion of the high points of a base
material surface to thus reduce surface irregularities.
ELEMENT
An electrode, a workpiece, a tool, or an electrolyte.
TOOL
A solid (including a gel) coherent object which cooperates
with a workpiece and an electrolyte, either mechanically or
electrically, to remove some of the material from the
workpiece. Thus, for example, a tool may be an electrode, a
grinding wheel, an insulating spacer, etc.
WORKPIECE
A solid coherent object which serves as an electrode and is
subjected to electrolytic erosion, some of which is removed
during the process and some of which remains as a product.
The workpiece may be a layer of one material supported by
another material.
Subclass:
641
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
With control responsive to sensed condition:
This subclass is indented under subclass 640. Process in
which the material removal is regulated by detecting a
characteristic or a change in a characteristic of the process
and by implementing an action in the process based upon the
detected characteristic or change therein.
(1) Note. In this subclass and the subclasses indented
hereunder a single means may be used both to detect a
characteristic or a change in a characteristic of the process
and to implement an action in the process based upon the
detected characteristic or change therein. There must be a
positive action made by a control means because of the
detected characteristic or change therein.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
645 for electrolytic erosion with measuring, testing, or
sensing; but without involving control responsive to a sensed
condition.
646 for electrolytic erosion with programmed, cyclic, or
time responsive control; but without control responsive to
sensed condition.
652 for electrolytic erosion in which the tool-workpiece gap
size is either specified or maintained constant; without
using (1) control responsive to a sensed condition, (2)
measuring, testing, or sensing, or (3) programmed, cyclic, or
time responsive control.
775 for electrolytic methods of analysis or testing, per se.
See the (1) note in subclass 775.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, as the residual class for
processes and apparatus for measuring or testing, per se.
See also the (3) Note in the class definition of Class 73 for
additional loci of other measuring and testing processes and
apparatus of different types.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, for measuring,
testing, or sensing, per se, to determine electrical
properties by electrical means even though nonelectrical
values may be derived from the electrical properties
determined.
Subclass:
642
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
To adjust voltage across or size of tool-workpiece gap:
This subclass is indented under subclass 641. Process in
which the detected characteristic or change therein is used
(a) to establish proper gap or spacing between a tool and a
workpiece, (b) to adjust or keep this gap or spacing
constant, or (c) to vary the voltage across this gap or
spacing.
(1) Note. This subclass and the subclass indented hereunder
are not intended to provide for mere process shutdown in
response to a sensed condition unless the shutdown is clearly
accompanied by or is the result of an interruption in the gap
voltage. Subclasses 641 and 644 provide for mere process
shutdown in response to a sensed condition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
652 for electrolytic erosion in which the tool-workpiece gap
size is either specified or maintained constant without using
(1) control responsive to a sensed condition, (2) measuring,
testing, or sensing, or (3) programmed, cyclic, or time
responsive control.
Subclass:
643
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
In response to sensed voltage:
This subclass is indented under subclass 642. Process in
which the gap voltage or size or a change in the gap voltage
or size are adjusted or controlled in response to a detected
voltage or change therein.
(1) Note. The detected voltage may either be the gap
voltage or any other process voltage.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
644 for electrolytic erosion in which a sensed voltage or
current is used to control the process without being used to
adjust the voltage across or size of the tool-workpiece gap.
Subclass:
644
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
In response to sensed voltage or current:
This subclass is indented under subclass 641. Process in
which a detected voltage or current or a change in a detected
voltage or current is used to control the process.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
643 for electrolytic erosion in which a sensed voltage is
used to adjust the voltage across or size of the
tool-workpiece gap.
Subclass:
645
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
With measuring, testing, or sensing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 640. Process which
includes measuring, detecting, or testing of a
characteristic, condition, or property of the process or an
element used in the process.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
641 for electrolytic erosion which is controlled in response
to a sensed condition.
775 for electrolytic methods of analysis or testing, per se.
See the (1) Note in subclass 775.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, as the residual class for
processes and apparatus for measuring or testing, per se.
See also the (3) Note in the class definition of Class 73 for
additional loci of other measuring and testing processes and
apparatus of different types.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, for measuring,
testing, or sensing, per se, to determine electrical
properties by electrical means even though nonelectrical
values may be derived from the electrical properties
determined.
Subclass:
646
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
With programmed, cyclic, or time responsive control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 640. Process which
is not directly responsive to a sensed condition, but
involves (a) storing coded instructions or other data which
is used to regulate the process, (b) repetitively regulating
a sequence of process steps, or (c) regulating the process
according to preset timing sequences (e.g., limiting various
process steps to predetermined durations of time, etc.).
(1) Note. This subclass and the subclasses indented
hereunder are not intended to include the use of alternating
current (AC), per se, or the use of direct current (DC)
pulses which are not clearly repetitive (i.e., with multiple
complete cycles) or predetermined.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
641 for electrolytic erosion with control responsive to a
sensed condition.
652 for electrolytic erosion in which the tool-workpiece gap
is either specified or maintained constant; but without using
programmed, cyclic, or time responsive control.
Subclass:
647
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Including nonelectrolytic erosion:
This subclass is indented under subclass 646. Process which
includes both electrolytic and nonelectrolytic removal of
material from the workpiece.
(1) Note. The nonelectrolytic erosion may be carried out
either simultaneously with the electrolytic erosion or as a
separate step.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
661 for electrolytic erosion with preliminary
nonelectrolytic cleaning or shaping of the workpiece; but
without programmed, cyclic, or time responsive control.
662 for electrolytic erosion with mechanical abrasion or
grinding, in general.
709 for electrolytic cleaning involving moving contact of a
solid member with a workpiece.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, subclasses
280-294 for electrode structure and compositions used in
electrolysis, including those also having a non-electrolytic
action. See the Class 204 definition for an elaboration of
the class line with chemical etching, especially the Lines
With Other Classes and Within This Class and the References
to Other Classes, Lines Between Classes sections.
216, Etching a Substrate: Processes, appropriate subclasses
for a combination process of Class 205 electrolytic erosion
followed by a Class 216 chemical etching step.
Subclass:
648
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Using diverse-type tool electrodes:
This subclass is indented under subclass 646. Process which
employs two or more different types of tool electrodes (e.g.,
moving and stationary tools, layered composite and pure metal
tools, etc.).
Subclass:
649
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Eroding workpiece to match nonplanar surface shape of tool
electrode:
This subclass is indented under subclass 646. Process in
which the workpiece is eroded to match the surface shape of a
tool electrode having a nonplanar machining surface (e.g., a
tool electrode having a concave surface is used to erode a
workpiece until it possesses a convex shape with the same
radius of curvature as that of the tool surface, etc.).
Subclass:
650
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Cleaning, recycling, or reusing electrolyte:
This subclass is indented under subclass 646. Process in
which the electrolyte is purified by removing unwanted
material (e.g., by filtering, etc.), recycled, or reused.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
673 for the regeneration, per se, of an electrolyte used in
electrolytic erosion.
Subclass:
651
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Moving tool or workpiece:
This subclass is indented under subclass 646. Process in
which the tool, workpiece, or both are moved during erosion
of the workpiece.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
654 for electrolytic erosion in which a moving tool
electrode is used with gap maintenance or a defined
tool-workpiece gap.
663 for electrolytic erosion using a rotating tool or
workpiece with mechanical abrasion or grinding; but without
programmed, cyclic, or time responsive control.
686 for electrolytic erosion, in general, using a moving
tool electrode.
Subclass:
652
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Gap maintenance or defined tool-workpiece gap:
This subclass is indented under subclass 640. Process in
which a method is recited for keeping a gap or spacing
between the tool and workpiece essentially constant or in
which this gap or spacing is mathematically specified.
(1) Note. The spacing may be maintained by the presence of
a solid, insulating, nonabrasive material (e.g., stencil,
mask, etc.) between the tool and workpiece.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
642 for electrolytic erosion in which a sensed condition is
used to adjust the voltage across or size of the
tool-workpiece gap.
662 for electrolytic erosion in which the spacing may be
maintained somewhat constant by the presence of abrasive
particles between the tool and workpiece, but in which the
use of such particles is not intended to maintain such
spacing constant.
666 for electrolytic erosion in which a stencil or mask is
attached to the workpiece, but is not used to maintain the
spacing between the tool and workpiece.
Subclass:
653
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Using tool electrode with two or more holes for passage of
electrolyte:
This subclass is indented under subclass 652. Process in
which the tool electrode is provided with two or more
perforations in the working surface thereof, usually to allow
electrolyte to be supplied to or removed from the workpiece.
Subclass:
654
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Moving tool electrode:
This subclass is indented under subclass 652. Process in
which the tool electrode is moved during erosion of the
workpiece.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
651 for electrolytic erosion using a moving tool or
workpiece with programmed, cyclic, or time responsive
control.
663 for electrolytic erosion using a rotating tool or
workpiece with mechanical abrasion or grinding.
686 for electrolytic erosion, in general, using a moving
tool electrode.
Subclass:
655
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
With irradiation or illumination:
This subclass is indented under subclass 640. Process in
which electromagnetic waves (e.g., ultraviolet light, gamma
rays, etc.) or corpuscular radiation (e.g., stream of alpha
particles, electron beam, etc.) are applied to an element
during the erosion.
Subclass:
656
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Eroding workpiece of nonuniform internal electrical
characteristics:
This subclass is indented under subclass 640. Process in
which the workpiece has electrical characteristics which vary
within its interior (e.g., doped semiconductor with n and p
regions, etc.), so that erosion proceeds at differing rates
on one or more localized areas or portions thereof, usually
to confine the erosion to desired locations.
(1) Note. The electrical nonuniformity need not be
"normal," and may be brought about by processing (e.g., by
short-circuiting, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
666 for electrolytic erosion in which the workpiece has a
distinguishable surface layer called a mask, usually having
different electrical characteristics than the workpiece
itself.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
438, Semiconductor Device Manufacturing: Process, for
chemical etching of a semiconductive substrate utilizing a
p-n junction as an etch stop.
Subclass:
657
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Internal battery action:
This subclass is indented under subclass 640. Process
conducted without an external source of electrolytic current;
usually the electrolytic current is derived from an internal
chemical reaction (e.g., galvanic action, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
706 for an electrolytic metal cleaning process which employs
internal battery action, but does not result in a change of
the shape or surface configuration thereof.
Subclass:
658
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Simple alternating current:
This subclass is indented under subclass 640. Process in
which electric current passing through the electrolyte
(usually between the tool and workpiece) can be represented
by a smooth sine wave having equal amplitude above and below
a straight line ordinate at zero current (e.g., pure
alternating current, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
711 for an electrolytic metal cleaning process which employs
simple alternating current.
Subclass:
659
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Plural separate currents or voltages applied:
This subclass is indented under subclass 658. Process which
employs separate currents or voltages differing in magnitude,
character, or type (e.g., simultaneous AC and DC, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
646 for electrolytic erosion with programmed, cyclic, or
time responsive control.
Subclass:
660
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Preliminary cleaning or shaping of workpiece:
This subclass is indented under subclass 640. Process which
includes a step of removing foreign matter from the workpiece
or altering the form of the workpiece before at least one
step of electrolytic erosion on the same workpiece.
(1) Note. Plural steps of electrolytic erosion for shape or
surface change of the same workpiece are included in this
subclass and the subclasses indented hereunder.
(2) Note. Mere coating of the workpiece is not considered
shaping.
Subclass:
661
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Nonelectrolytic (e.g., mechanical grinding, milling,
machining, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 660. Process in
which at least one step of preliminary cleaning or shaping is
nonelectrolytic (e.g., mechanical grinding, milling,
machining, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
647 for electrolytic erosion combined with nonelectrolytic
erosion and programmed, cyclic, or time responsive control.
662 for electrolytic erosion with simultaneous or subsequent
mechanical abrasion or grinding.
709 for electrolytic cleaning involving moving contact of a
solid member with a workpiece.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, 212 for
electrolytic apparatus having a rotary electrode and
subclasses 280+ for electrode structure and compositions used
in electrolytic apparatus, including those also having a
nonelectrolytic action.
Subclass:
662
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
With mechanical abrasion or grinding:
This subclass is indented under subclass 640. Process in
which a solid makes moving contact with the workpiece to
scrape or rub material from a surface of the workpiece.
(1) Note. The abrasive solid may be attached to a tool or
may be loose.
(2) Note. The abrasion or grinding may occur simultaneously
with or subsequent to electrolytic erosion.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
647 for electrolytic erosion combined with nonelectrolytic
erosion and programmed, cyclic, or time responsive control.
652 for electrolytic erosion in which solid nonabrasive
particles are used to maintain a tool-workpiece gap.
661 for electrolytic erosion with preliminary
nonelectrolytic cleaning or shaping of the workpiece.
709 for electrolytic cleaning involving moving contact of a
solid member with a workpiece.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, 280 for
electrode structure and compositions used in electrolytic
apparatus, including those having an abrading action.
Subclass:
663
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Rotating tool or workpiece:
This subclass is indented under subclass 662. Process in
which the tool or workpiece is rotated about an axis.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
651 for electrolytic erosion with programmed, cyclic, or
time responsive control using a moving tool or workpiece.
654 for electrolytic erosion in which a moving tool
electrode is used with gap maintenance or a defined
tool-workpiece gap.
686 for other processes of electrolytic erosion using a
moving tool electrode.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, 212 for
electrolytic apparatus having a rotary electrode.
Subclass:
664
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Sharpening or point making:
This subclass is indented under subclass 640. Process in
which the workpiece is given a tapered end or side
configuration by electrolytic erosion resulting in a sharp or
pointed workpiece or portion thereof.
Subclass:
665
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Aperture making:
This subclass is indented under subclass 640. Process in
which material removal is continued until a passage is made
to penetrate completely through the entire workpiece or a
distinct layer thereof (i.e., having a discernable
boundary).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
641 for electrolytic erosion in which the creation of an
aperture is part of sensing a condition used to control the
process.
645 for electrolytic erosion in which the creation of an
aperture is part of a test or measurement of a condition.
666 for electrolytic erosion in which a complex pattern is
etched using a mask.
717 for a process in which an entire layer of elemental
material is removed from a metallic substrate by electrolytic
erosion, the material removed not being limited to a portion
of the workpiece surface.
Subclass:
666
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Using mask:
This subclass is indented under subclass 640. Process in
which a workpiece surface to be eroded is provided with a
distinguishable nonuniform covering which allows only part of
the workpiece to contact the electrolyte.
(1) Note. The covering may be an adherent coating, a
stencil, etc.
(2) Note. The nonuniformity of the covering is produced by
a procedure or phenomenon other than the electrolytic erosion
process itself.
(3) Note. The composition of the mask may bear a
resemblance to that of the workpiece (e.g., the mask and
workpiece may be different alloys of the same base metal)
provided that the mask is identifiably separate from the
workpiece and will not be eroded at the same rate as the
workpiece.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
656 for electrolytic erosion in which the workpiece has
nonuniform internal electrical characteristics.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
appropriate subclasses for laminating processes. See the
search class note to Class 156 at the beginning of this class
for the class line.
427, Coating Processes, 256 for processes of forming a
nonuniform coating, in general.
Subclass:
667
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Of photoresist or radiation resist:
This subclass is indented under subclass 666. Process in
which the mask is composed of a material which exhibits
physical changes when exposed to light or radiation and is
more resistant to electrolytic erosion than is the
workpiece.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
430, Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or
Product Thereof, appropriate subclasses for creating a
coating imagewise through a radiation imagery process.
However, Class 205, 640, accepts the combination of
electrolytic erosion with a Class 430 imaging step.
Subclass:
668
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Local application of electrolyte:
This subclass is indented under subclass 640. Process in
which only a portion of a workpiece surface is contacted with
electrolyte.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
652 for electrolytic erosion in which an insulating member
serves both to maintain spacing between the tool and
workpiece and to confine electrolyte contact to a portion of
a workpiece surface.
666 for electrolytic erosion in which contact of the
electrolyte is confined to only a portion of a workpiece
surface by positioning a mask against the workpiece.
671 for electrolytic erosion in which an entire workpiece
surface is in contact with an agitated electrolyte.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, 224 for
electrolytic apparatus having a localized area applicator.
Subclass:
669
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Using surface tension or capillary action to hold electrolyte
in contact with workpiece:
This subclass is indented under subclass 668. Process in
which the electrolyte is held into contact with a portion of
the workpiece surface by surface tension or capillary
action.
(1) Note. The surface tension forces may be due to an
adjacent gas or an immiscible liquid.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
516, Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations
Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or
Inhibiting, appropriate subclasses for subject matter
relating to: colloid systems (such as sols*, emulsions,
dispersions, foams, aerosols, smokes, gels, or pastes) or
wetting agents (such as leveling, penetrating, or spreading);
subcombination compositions of colloid systems containing at
least an agent specialized and designed for or peculiar to
use in making or stabilizing colloid systems; compositions
and subcombination compositions specialized and designed for
or peculiar to use in breaking (resolving) or inhibiting
colloid systems; processes of making the compositions or
systems of the class; processes of breaking (resolving) or
inhibiting colloid systems; in each instance, when
generically claimed or when there is no hierarchically
superior provision in the USPC for the specifically claimed
art.
Subclass:
670
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Through open nozzle or flow-through piping (e.g., unsupported
jet, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 668. Process in
which the electrolyte is selectively contacted with a portion
of the workpiece surface by directing a stream of the
electrolyte towards the workpiece through either an open
nozzle or enclosed piping.
Subclass:
671
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Agitation or vibration of electrolyte:
This subclass is indented under subclass 640. Process in
which an element is given a rhythmic back and forth or
oscillatory movement resulting in the formation of pressure
waves, mixing, or swinging within the electrolyte.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, 222 for
electrolytic apparatus having an electrode oscillator,
reciprocator, or agitator.
Subclass:
672
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Defined electrolyte movement or pressure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 640. Process in
which a particular path of motion or pressure is imparted to
the electrolyte during the erosion process (e.g., submerged
jet action, etc.).
(1) Note. A recitation of merely passing electrolyte
between the tool and workpiece is not sufficient for
classification in this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
668 for electrolytic erosion with local application of the
electrolyte to contact only a portion of a workpiece
surface.
Subclass:
673
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Regenerating or rehabilitating, per se, of electrolyte:
This subclass is indented under subclass 640. Process for
the, per se, regeneration or cleaning of an electrolyte used
in electrolytic erosion (usually to permit reuse thereof).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
650 for cleaning, recycling, or reusing an electrolyte used
in electrolytic erosion combined with programmed, cyclic, or
time responsive control.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, appropriate
subclasses for processes and apparatus for purifying liquids,
in general.
Subclass:
674
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Electrolyte composition or defined electrolyte:
This subclass is indented under subclass 640. Subject matter
drawn to (a) electrolyte compositions, (b) processes of
preparing an electrolyte of specified composition, or (c)
electrolytic erosion processes which employ an electrolyte of
specified composition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
673 for a process of regenerating or rehabilitating an
electrolyte, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
252, Compositions, especially subclass 62.2 for electrolytes
specialized or designed for an electrical device used merely
as an electrical component (e.g., rectifier, condenser, etc.)
and subclasses 79.1+ for etching compositions which, although
not intended for use in electrolysis, may be identical in
composition to such electrolytes.
Subclass:
675
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Less than 50 weight percent water:
This subclass is indented under subclass 674. Subject matter
in which the major portion by weight of the electrolyte is a
material other than water.
Subclass:
676
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
More than 20 weight percent organic material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 675. Subject matter
in which more than 20 percent by weight of the electrolyte is
composed of organic material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
684 for an aqueous-base electrolyte containing organic
material.
Subclass:
677
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
With one or more phosphoric acids:
This subclass is indented under subclass 676. Subject matter
in which the electrolyte also contains one or more phosphoric
acids (e.g., orthophosphoric acid, metaphosphoric acid,
polyphosphoric acid, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
680 for an electrolyte containing more than 20 percent by
weight of one or more phosphoric acids but less than or equal
to 20 percent by weight organic material.
682 for an aqueous-base electrolyte containing phosphorus.
Subclass:
678
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
With sulfuric acid:
This subclass is indented under subclass 676. Subject matter
in which the electrolyte also contains sulfuric acid.
Subclass:
679
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
More than 20 weight percent chromium compound:
This subclass is indented under subclass 675. Subject matter
in which more than 20 percent by weight of the electrolyte is
made of one or more chromium (Cr) compounds.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
681 for an aqueous-base electrolyte containing chromium.
Subclass:
680
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
More than 20 weight percent of one or more phosphoric acids:
This subclass is indented under subclass 675. Subject matter
in which more than 20 percent by weight of the electrolyte is
made up of one or more phosphoric acids (e.g.,
orthophosphoric acid, metaphosphoric acid, polyphosphoric
acid, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
677 for an electrolyte containing one or more phosphoric
acids and more than 20 percent by weight organic material.
682 for an aqueous-base electrolyte containing phosphorous.
Subclass:
681
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Chromium containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 674. Subject matter
in which the electrolyte contains chromium (Cr).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
679 for an electrolyte in which less than 50 percent by
weight is water and more than 20 percent by weight is
composed of one or more of chromium or its compounds.
Subclass:
682
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Phosphorus containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 674. Subject matter
in which the electrolyte contains phosphorus (P).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
677 for an electrolyte containing one or more phosphoric
acids and more than 20 percent by weight organic material.
680 for an electrolyte containing more than 20 percent by
weight of one or more phosphoric acids.
Subclass:
683
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Cyano compound containing (e.g., hydrogen cyanide, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 674. Subject matter
in which the electrolyte contains a compound with an
inorganic radical having carbon doubly or triply bonded to
nitrogen (e.g., hydrogen cyanide, etc.).
(1) Note. Included under cyano compound radicals are
cyanide radicals and their iso- and thio-variants.
Subclass:
684
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Organic material containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 674. Subject matter
in which the electrolyte contains an organic material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
676 for an electrolyte containing more than 20 percent by
weight organic material.
Subclass:
685
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Nitrate containing (e.g., nitric acid, sodium nitrate,
etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 674. Subject matter
in which the electrolyte contains at least one nitrate cation
or a compound thereof.
Subclass:
686
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Moving tool electrode:
This subclass is indented under subclass 640. Process in
which the tool electrode is moved during electrolytic
erosion.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
651 for electrolytic erosion in which a moving tool or
workpiece is used with programmed, cyclic, or time responsive
control.
654 for electrolytic erosion in which a moving tool
electrode is used with gap maintenance or a defined
tool-workpiece gap.
663 for electrolytic erosion in which the use of a rotating
tool or workpiece is combined with mechanical abrasion or
grinding.
Subclass:
687
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Electrolytic material treatment (product, process, and
electrolyte composition):
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter directed to the chemical modification of
material by electrolysis, including products thereof where
not provided for elsewhere and electrolyte compositions for
use therein.
(1) Note. For this subclass and the subclasses indented
hereunder, some of the terms in the schedule and definitions
are defined as follows:
Platinum group metal: A metal element from the group
consisting of osmium (Os), iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt),
ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), and palladium (Pd).
(2) Note. The processes in this section of subclasses are
intended to provide for electrolytic purification,
concentration, or another desirable modification of an
element, compound, or composition of matter; as distinguished
from electrolytic synthesis of a desired element or compound,
found in subclasses 334+. When a starting material is
electrolytically altered and then electrolytically
reconstituted the process is classified as electrolytic
synthesis.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
67 for electroforming processes and compositions therefore.
80 for processes intended to produce a permanent coating on
a substrate by electrolysis.
640 for electrolytic erosion resulting in a change of
workpiece shape or surface configuration.
775 for electrolytic methods of analysis or testing, per se.
See the (1) Note in subclass 775.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
134, Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids, appropriate
subclasses for cleaning processes and apparatus, in general.
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, 194 for
electrolytic material treatment apparatus.
252, Compositions, especially subclass 62.2 for electrolytes
specialized or designed for an electrical device used merely
as an electrical component (e.g., rectifier, condenser, etc.)
and subclasses 79.1+ for etching compositions which, although
not intended for use in electrolysis, may be identical in
composition to such electrolytes.
Subclass:
688
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Organic:
This subclass is indented under subclass 687. Subject matter
in which at least a portion of the material treated is
organic.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
47, Plant Husbandry, subclass 1.3 for processes of culturing
plants using electricity.
131, Tobacco, subclass 295 and 299 for electrical and wave
energy processes of treating tobacco.
Subclass:
689
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Fibrous:
This subclass is indented under subclass 688. Subject matter
in which the organic material contains long ribbon or
threadlike filaments or particles, usually cells or tissue of
vegetable or animal origin.
(1) Note. Fibrous material provided for in this subclass
and the subclasses indented hereunder includes that formed
from synthetic or artificial organic material.
Subclass:
690
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Bleaching:
This subclass is indented under subclass 689. Subject matter
in which the fibrous material is treated to remove color or
colored impurities, usually to make the fibrous material
lighter or whiter in appearance.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
693 for electrolytic cleaning or refining of fibrous organic
material which does not involve bleaching.
700 for electrolytic bleaching of nonfibrous organic
material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
8, Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical
Modification of Textiles and Fibers, 101 for bleaching, in
general.
Subclass:
691
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Dyeing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 689. Subject matter
in which the fibrous material is stained or colored.
(1) Note. This subclass does not provide for tanning of
hides or skins, per se, for which see subclass 692.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
8, Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical
Modification of Textiles and Fibers, appropriate subclasses
for dyeing, in general, of fibrous material.
Subclass:
692
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Hides or skins:
This subclass is indented under subclass 689. Subject matter
in which the fibrous material treated is a hide or skin.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
8, Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical
Modification of Textiles and Fibers, especially 94.1 for
processes in general of treating hides, skins, leather, or
other animal tissues.
Subclass:
693
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Cleaning or refining:
This subclass is indented under subclass 689. Subject matter
in which the fibrous material is purified by removing foreign
material therefrom.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
690 for electrolytic bleaching of fibrous organic material.
702 for electrolytic removal of a metal or metal compound
from nonfibrous organic material.
705 for electrolytic removal of foreign material from a
metal or metal alloy.
771 for electrolytic removal of a metal or metal compound
from inorganic material.
Subclass:
694
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Protection:
This subclass is indented under subclass 689. Subject matter
in which an electrolytic current or potential is utilized (a)
to prevent corrosion, scale formation, or other objectionable
action in or on the fibrous organic material or (b) to
neutralize or correct such action when the material is in
normal use.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
724 for electrolytic protection of metal objects.
Subclass:
695
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Oil or fat:
This subclass is indented under subclass 688. Subject matter
in which the organic material is an oil or fat.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, 450 for
electrophoresis or electro-osmosis of an oil or fat and
subclasses 554+ for electrical separation or purification of
an oil or fat, without employing electrolysis,
electrophoresis, or electro-osmosis.
Subclass:
696
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Hydrocarbon oil:
This subclass is indented under subclass 695. Subject matter
in which the organic material is a hydrocarbon oil.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, 513 for
separation or purification of hydrocarbon oil by
electrophoresis or electro-osmosis and subclasses 559+ for
electrical separation or purification of a hydrocarbon
(including oil), without employing electrolysis,
electrophoresis, or electro-osmosis.
Subclass:
697
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Sugar:
This subclass is indented under subclass 688. Subject matter
in which the organic material is a sugar or sugars (e.g.,
syrup, molasses, cane and beet sugar compositions, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
127, Sugar, Starch, and Carbohydrates, for other processes
and apparatus for general nonelectrolytic treatment of sugar,
starch, and carbohydrates; including some products resulting
therefrom.
260, Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, especially Class 536 as
an integral part thereof for carbohydrates or derivatives
thereof.
Subclass:
698
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Cellulosic:
This subclass is indented under subclass 688. Subject matter
in which the organic material contains cellulose or
derivatives thereof in which the basic molecular structure of
cellulose remains intact.
Subclass:
699
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Rubber or latex:
This subclass is indented under subclass 688. Subject matter
in which the organic material contains (a) a natural or
synthetic elastic polymer commonly known as rubber (e.g.,
caoutchouc, neoprene, etc.) or (b) a dispersion or emulsion
of a natural or synthetic elastic polymer in water commonly
known as latex.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
516, Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations
Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or
Inhibiting, 53 for colloid systems of aqueous continuous
phase with discontinuous phase primarily organic liquid (such
as latex emulsions, or dispersions) or agents for such
systems or making or stabilizing such systems or agents, when
generically claimed or when there is no hierarchically
superior provision in the USPC for the specifically claimed
art.
Subclass:
700
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Bleaching:
This subclass is indented under subclass 688. Subject matter
in which the organic material is treated to remove color or
colored impurities, usually to make the organic material
lighter or whiter in appearance.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
690 for electrolytic bleaching of organic fibrous material.
702 for electrolytic removal of a metal or metal compound
from nonfibrous organic material which does not involve
bleaching.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
8, Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical
Modification of Textiles and Fibers, 101 for bleaching in
general.
Subclass:
701
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Biological (e.g., sterilizing, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 688. Subject matter
in which the organic material includes living organisms
(e.g., sterilizing, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, subclass 527,
540, and 543 for electrophoretic or electro-osmotic barrier
separation to prepare, recover, or treat biological
material.
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, 1 for sterilizing
in general.
435, Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, for a
process or apparatus involving electrical or wave energy
treatment (other than mere sterilization) of a micro-organism
or an enzyme when the treatment is solely disclosed for use
with a viable micro-organism or a catalytically active
enzyme.
Subclass:
702
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Removing metal:
This subclass is indented under subclass 688. Subject matter
in which a metal or metal compound is removed from the
organic material usually either by deposition of a free metal
or metal alloy or by precipitation of an insoluble metal
compound or complex.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
693 for electrolytic cleaning or refining of fibrous organic
material.
700 for electrolytic bleaching of nonfibrous organic
material.
705 for electrolytic removal of foreign material from a
metal or metal alloy.
750 for electrolytic removal of a metal or metal compound
from water, sewage, or other waste water using a membrane.
771 for electrolytic removal of a metal or metal compound
from nonmetallic inorganic material.
Subclass:
703
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Using membrane:
This subclass is indented under subclass 688. Subject matter
in which a semipermeable solid barrier or diaphragm (e.g.,
ion exchange membrane, etc.) is used in the treatment of
organic material; usually the barrier or diaphragm is placed
between the electrodes in an electrolytic cell to provide
separate compartments.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
746 for electrolytic treatment of water, sewage, or other
waste water using a membrane.
770 for electrolytic treatment of other nonmetallic
inorganic material using a membrane.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, 450 and
particularly subclasses 518+ for electrophoretic or
electro-osmotic barrier separation.
Subclass:
704
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Metal or metal alloy:
This subclass is indented under subclass 687. Subject matter
in which the material treated is either a metal in a free or
uncombined state or a metal alloy.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
771 for electrolytic removal of a metal or metal compound
from a nonmetallic inorganic liquid.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
148, Metal Treatment, 95 for heat treatment of a metal in
order to modify or maintain the internal physical structure
(i.e., microstructure) or chemical properties thereof,
including electrical heat treatment.
Subclass:
705
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Removing foreign material (e.g., cleaning, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 704. Subject matter
in which foreign or undesired material having a different
chemical composition from that of the metal or metal alloy is
removed therefrom (e.g., cleaning, etc.).
(1) Note. Electrolytic removal of metal followed by a
broadly recited heat treatment are included in this subclass
and the subclasses indented hereunder.
(2) Note. Processes which employ a Class 205 electrolytic
cleaning step in combination with a Class 134 cleaning step
are properly classified herein and cross-referenced to Class
134 when appropriate.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
693 for electrolytic cleaning or refining of fibrous organic
material, includingremoval of an undesirable metal or metal
compound.
702 for electrolytic removal of a metal or metal compound
from nonfibrous organic material.
750 for electrolytic removal of a metal or metal compound
from water, sewage, or other waste water using a membrane.
771 for electrolytic removal of a metal or metal compound
from nonmetallic inorganic material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
134, Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids, for cleaning
and analogous processes which are physical or chemical in
nature, but which do not use an electric current.
Subclass:
706
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Internal battery action:
This subclass is indented under subclass 705. Subject matter
conducted without an external source of electrolytic current;
usually the electrolytic current is derived from an internal
chemical reaction (e.g., galvanic action, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
657 for electrolytic erosion by internal battery action and
resulting in a change of workpiece shape or surface
configuration.
730 for electrolytic protection of objects containing metal
or metal alloy by internal battery action.
745 for electrolytic treatment of water, sewage, or other
waste water by internal battery action.
764 for electrolytic treatment of an inorganic gas, vapor,
or critical fluid by internal battery action.
Subclass:
707
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
From precious metal or precious metal alloy:
This subclass is indented under subclass 706. Subject matter
in which foreign material is removed from a base metal or
metal alloy containing silver (Ag), gold (Au), or a platinum
group metal.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
718 for electrolytic removal of a precious metal layer from
a ferrous metal base.
767 for electrolytic treatment of a solid containing a
precious metal compound.
Subclass:
708
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Using anode containing aluminum:
This subclass is indented under subclass 707. Subject matter
which employs a positively charged electrode (other than the
metal or metal alloy under treatment) containing aluminum
(Al), usually with the precious metal or alloy thereof
serving as a negatively charged electrode.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
732 for electrolytic protection of a ferrous metal object by
internal battery action using an anode containing aluminum.
Subclass:
709
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
With solid-workpiece moving contact (e.g., brushing, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 705. Subject matter
in which a workpiece of the metal or metal alloy is contacted
with a relatively moving solid object (e.g., brushing,
etc.).
(1) Note. This subclass includes the relative moving
contact of two or more workpieces. Solid-workpiece moving
contact may occur at any time before, during, or after the
electrolytic treatment; and need not result in mechanical
removal of foreign material from the metal or metal alloy
workpiece, provided that there is relative movement between
the workpiece and a contacting solid object. The relative
moving contact of a conductive brush against the workpiece
for sliding electrical contact is appropriate for this
subclass, but the use of idling rollers contacting the
workpiece and moving only therewith are classified below on
some other basis.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
662 for electrolytic erosion combined with mechanical
abrasion or grinding and resulting in a change of workpiece
shape or surface configuration.
Subclass:
710
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
With changing current:
This subclass is indented under subclass 705. Subject matter
in which the metal or metal alloy is treated with alternating
current, pulsed direct current, or any other electric current
which is varied in direction or intensity during the
electrolytic removal of foreign material.
(1) Note. This subclass and the subclasses indented
hereunder do not include alterations in electric current
which occur for or during a noncleaning treatment unless
there is also some current change during the electrolytic
removal of foreign material.
Subclass:
711
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Simple alternating current:
This subclass is indented under subclass 710. Subject matter
in which electric current passing through the electrolyte
(usually between an electrode and a workpiece) can be
represented by a smooth sine wave having equal amplitude
above and below a straight line ordinate at zero current
(e.g., pure alternating current, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
658 for electrolytic erosion using simple alternating
current and resulting in a change of workpiece shape or
surface configuration.
Subclass:
712
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Nonelemental material from ferrous metal:
This subclass is indented under subclass 705. Subject matter
in which the foreign material is a chemical compound of two
or more atoms and the metal or metal alloy treated is iron
(Fe) or contains at least 50 percent iron.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
217 for nonaqueous liquid cleaning of a ferrous metal base
combined with electrolytic coating.
Subclass:
713
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Using fused bath (e.g., molten salt, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 712. Subject matter
in which the nonelemental material is removed from ferrous
metal using an electrolyte bath consisting of a substance or
mixture of substances which is heated to bring it to a liquid
or fluid condition (e.g., molten salt, etc.) during
electrolysis.
Subclass:
714
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Using acidic electrolyte:
This subclass is indented under subclass 712. Subject matter
in which the nonelemental material is removed from ferrous
metal using an electrolyte with a pH less than 7.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
723 for other removal of foreign material from a metal or
metal alloy using an acidic electrolyte.
Subclass:
715
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Containing one or more phosphoric acids:
This subclass is indented under subclass 714. Subject matter
in which the electrolyte contains one or more phosphoric
acids (e.g., orthophorphoric acid, metaphosphoric acid,
polyphosphoric acid, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
677 680, and 682, for electrolytic erosion using an
electrolyte containing phosphorus or one or more phosphoric
acids and resulting in a change of workpiece shape or surface
configuration.
Subclass:
716
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Containing nitric acid:
This subclass is indented under subclass 714. Subject matter
in which the electrolyte contains nitric acid.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
685 for electrolytic erosion using an electrolyte containing
a nitrate, such as nitric acid, and resulting in a change of
workpiece shape or surface configuration.
Subclass:
717
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Entire identifiable elemental layer or portion removed (e.g.,
stripping, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 705. Subject matter
in which the foreign material removed comprises an entire
layer or portion thereof existing in elemental form (e.g.,
metal, metal alloy, metal carbide, metal nitride, etc.) on a
base containing the metal or metal alloy, and is identifiable
therefrom with a naked eye (e.g., electrolytic stripping,
etc.).
(1) Note. A body or workpiece of the metal or metal alloy
may consist of metal alone, contain free metal as part of its
composition, or consist of a coating or lamination thereon
containing free metal.
(2) Note. This subclass and the subclasses indented
hereunder include mere electrolytic stripping or removal of
elemental material into solution or suspension where there is
no deposition of a desired material (but may include the
deposition of an undesired precipitate). Electrolytic
stripping, together with electrolytic deposition of a desired
material, is classified in the above appropriate subclasses.
(3) Note. The removal of an entire surface layer or a
portion thereof provided for in this subclass and the
subclasses indented hereunder does not include that which is
intended to change the shape or surface configuration of a
workpiece which is specifically provided for in the
electrolytic erosion subclasses (640+) above.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
363 367+, 477+, 557+, and 560+, for electrolytic synthesis in
which a metal, metal alloy, or metal compound is produced.
Subclass:
718
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Precious metal removed:
This subclass is indented under subclass 717. Subject matter
in which the elemental layer or portion removed contains
silver (Ag), gold (Au), or a platinum group metal.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
707 for electrolytic removal of foreign material from a
precious metal or precious metal alloy by internal battery
action.
Subclass:
719
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Tin removed:
This subclass is indented under subclass 717. Subject matter
in which the elemental layer or portion removed contains tin
(Sn).
Subclass:
720
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Nickel removed:
This subclass is indented under subclass 717. Subject matter
in which the elemental layer or portion removed contains
nickel (Ni).
Subclass:
721
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Copper removed:
This subclass is indented under subclass 717. Subject matter
in which the elemental layer or portion removed contains
copper (Cu).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
772 for electrolytic removal of copper from a nonmetallic
inorganic liquid.
Subclass:
722
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Using electrolyte containing surface active agent (e.g.,
foaming or wetting agent, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 705. Subject matter
in which the foreign material is removed using an electrolyte
containing a surface active agent (e.g., foaming or wetting
agent, etc.).
Subclass:
723
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Using acidic electrolyte:
This subclass is indented under subclass 705. Subject matter
in which the foreign material is removed using an electrolyte
with a pH less than 7.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
714 for electrolytic removal of nonelemental material from
ferrous metal using an acidic electrolyte.
Subclass:
724
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Object protection:
This subclass is indented under subclass 704. Subject matter
in which an electrolytic current or potential is utilized (a)
to prevent corrosion, scale formation, or other objectionable
action in or on an object containing the metal or metal alloy
or (b) to neutralize or correct such action when the object
is in normal use.
(1) Note. This section is not intended to provide for the
electrolytic treatment of fluids in order to modify their
properties so that they do not cause or accelerate
electrolytic action. Processes of this type are classified
in other appropriate subclasses of this section (687+) based
on the material treated.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
694 for electrolytic protection of fibrous organic
material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, 155 for
electrical or wave energy treatment in a magnetic field,
including object protection, and subclasses 196+ for
electrolytic object protection apparatus.
307, Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclass 95 for electrical systems having means to prevent
electrolysis as a result of the operation of such systems.
Subclass:
725
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
With control responsive to sensed condition:
This subclass is indented under subclass 724. Subject matter
in which the object protection is regulated by detecting a
characteristic or a change in a characteristic of the process
and by implementing an action in the process based upon the
detected characteristic or change therein.
(1) Note. In this subclass and the subclasses indented
hereunder a single means may be used both to detect a
characteristic or a change in a characteristic of the process
and to implement an action in the process based upon the
detected characteristic or change therein. There must be a
positive action made by a control means because of the
detected characteristic or change therein.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
641 for electrolytic erosion resulting in a change of
workpiece shape or surface configuration with control
responsive to a sensed condition.
729 for electrolytic protection of an object containing a
metal or metal alloy with programmed, cyclic, or time
responsive control; but without involving control responsive
to a sensed condition.
743 for electrolytic treatment of water, sewage, or other
waste water with control responsive to a sensed condition.
775 for electrolytic methods of analysis or testing, per se,
see the (1) note in subclass 775.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, as the residual class for
processes and apparatus for measuring or testing, per se.
See also the (3) Note in the class definition of Class 73 for
additional loci of other measuring and testing processes and
apparatus of different types.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, for measuring,
testing, or sensing, per se, to determine electrical
properties by electrical means even though nonelectrical
values may be derived from the electrical properties
determined.
Subclass:
726
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Current sensed:
This subclass is indented under subclass 725. Subject matter
in which a detected current or a change in a detected current
is used to control the object protection.
Subclass:
727
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Voltage sensed:
This subclass is indented under subclass 725. Subject matter
in which a detected voltage or a change in a detected voltage
is used to control the object protection.
Subclass:
728
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
And programmed, cyclic, or time responsive control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 727. Subject matter
which also involves (a) storing coded instructions or other
data which is used to regulate the object protection, (b)
repetitively regulating a sequence of process steps, or (c)
regulating the object protection according to preset timing
sequences (e.g., limiting various process steps to
predetermined durations of time, etc.).
(1) Note. This subclass is not intended to include the use
of direct current (DC) pulses which are not clearly
repetitive (i.e., with multiple complete cycles) or
predetermined.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
729 for electrolytic protection of objects containing a
metal or metal alloy with programmed, cyclic, or time
responsive control; but without involving control responsive
to a sensed condition.
Subclass:
729
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
With programmed, cyclic, or time responsive control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 724. Subject matter
which involves (a) storing coded instructions or other data
which is used to regulate the object protection, (b)
repetitively regulating a sequence of process steps, or (c)
regulating the object protection according to preset timing
sequences (e.g., limiting various process steps to
predetermined durations of time, etc.).
(1) Note. This subclass is not intended to include the use
of direct current (DC) pulses which are not clearly
repetitive (i.e., with multiple complete cycles) or
predetermined.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
646 for electrolytic erosion resulting in a change of
workpiece shape or surface configuration with programmed,
cyclic, or time responsive control.
725 for electrolytic protection of objects containing a
metal or metal alloy with control responsive to a sensed
condition.
728 for electrolytic protection of objects containing a
metal or metal alloy involving both control responsive to a
sensed voltage and programmed, cyclic, or time responsive
control.
744 for electrolytic treatment of water, sewage, or other
waste water with programmed, cyclic, or time responsive
control.
Subclass:
730
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Internal battery action (e.g., using sacrificial anode,
etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 724. Subject matter
in which the object protection is performed without an
external source of electrolytic current; usually the
electrolytic current is derived from an internal chemical
reaction (e.g., galvanic action, using a sacrificial anode,
etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
706 for electrolytic removal of foreign material from a
metal or metal alloy by internal battery action.
745 for electrolytic treatment of water, sewage, or other
waste water by internal battery action.
764 for electrolytic treatment of an inorganic gas, vapor,
or critical fluid by internal battery action.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, subclass 197 for
electrolytic object protection apparatus using internal
battery action.
Subclass:
731
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Ferrous metal:
This subclass is indented under subclass 730. Subject matter
in which the object protected is iron (Fe) or contains at
least 50 percent iron.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
735 for electrolytic protection of a ferrous metal object
without employing internal battery action.
741 for other electrolytic treatment of a metal or metal
alloy containing iron.
Subclass:
732
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Using anode containing aluminum:
This subclass is indented under subclass 731. Subject matter
in which a positive electrode containing aluminum (Al) is
used to protect the ferrous metal object.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
708 for electrolytic removal of foreign material from a
precious metal or precious metal alloy by internal battery
action using an anode containing aluminum.
Subclass:
733
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Using anode containing magnesium:
This subclass is indented under subclass 731. Subject matter
in which a positive electrode containing magnesium (Mg) is
used to protect the ferrous metal object.
Subclass:
734
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Metal imbedded in asphalt, concrete, stone, or masonry (e.g.,
reinforced concrete, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 724. Subject matter
in which the object protected consists of a metal imbedded in
asphalt, concrete, stone, or masonry (e.g., reinforced
concrete, etc.).
Subclass:
735
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Ferrous metal:
This subclass is indented under subclass 724. Subject matter
in which the object protected is iron (Fe) or contains at
least 50 percent iron.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
731 for electrolytic protection of a ferrous metal object by
internal battery action.
741 for other electrolytic treatment of a metal or metal
alloy containing iron.
Subclass:
736
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Stainless steel:
This subclass is indented under subclass 735. Subject matter
in which the ferrous metal is steel containing at least 9
weight percent chromium (Cr).
Subclass:
737
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Using anode containing free carbon (e.g., graphite, carbon
fibers, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 735. Subject matter
in which a positive electrode containing free carbon (C)
(e.g., graphite, carbon fibers, etc.) is used to protect the
ferrous metal object.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
739 for electrolytic protection of a nonferrous metal or
metal alloy object using an anode containing free carbon.
760 for electrolytic treatment of water, sewage, or other
waste water using an electrode containing a precious metal or
free carbon.
Subclass:
738
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Using anode containing precious metal:
This subclass is indented under subclass 724. Subject matter
in which a positive electrode containing silver (Ag), gold
(Au), or a platinum group metal is used to protect object.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
760 for electrolytic treatment of water, sewage, or other
waste water using an electrode containing a precious metal or
free carbon.
Subclass:
739
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Using anode containing free carbon (e.g., graphite, carbon
fibers, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 724. Subject matter
in which a positive electrode containing free carbon (C)
(e.g., graphite, carbon fibers, etc.) is used to protect the
object.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
760 for electrolytic treatment of water, sewage, or other
waste water using an electrode containing precious metal or
free carbon.
Subclass:
740
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Vessel (e.g., ship hull, steam boiler, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 724. Subject matter
in which the metal object is a container of any structural
shape or configuration (e.g., ship hull, steam boiler, etc.),
provided that it is used to hold solid or fluid material.
Subclass:
741
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Containing iron:
This subclass is indented under subclass 704. Subject matter
in which the metal or metal alloy contains iron (Fe).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
731 for electrolytic protection of ferrous metal objects by
internal battery action.
735 for electrolytic protection of ferrous metal objects
without using internal battery action.
Subclass:
742
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Water, sewage, or other waste water:
This subclass is indented under subclass 687. Subject matter
in which the material treated is water, sewage, or any other
waste water.
(1) Note. This subclass and the subclasses indented
hereunder are intended to provide for purification or other
treatment of water or waste water as the desired product.
Electrolytic treatment of water, sewage, or other waste water
to obtain other products are classified elsewhere in this
class, depending on the particular process and type of
material produced, and are cross-referenced here when
necessary.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, subclasses
450-553, for electrophoretic or electro-osmotic separation or
purification of aqueous liquids and subclasses 554-573 for
other electrical separation or purification of aqueous
liquids. See the Class 204 definition for an elaboration of
the class line with liquid purification or separation,
especially the References to Other Classes section.
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, especially subclass
748 for non-electrolytic purification or separation of a
liquid utilizing the direct application of electrical or wave
energy.
Subclass:
743
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
With control responsive to sensed condition:
This subclass is indented under subclass 742. Subject matter
in which the water treatment is regulated by detecting a
characteristic or a change in a characteristic of the process
and by implementing an action in the process based upon the
detected characteristic or change therein.
(1) Note. In this subclass and the subclasses indented
hereunder a single means may be used both to detect a
characteristic or a change in a characteristic of the process
and to implement an action in the process based upon the
detected characteristic or change therein. There must be a
positive action made by a control means because of the
detected characteristic or change therein.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
641 for electrolytic erosion resulting in a change of
workpiece shape or surface configuration with control
responsive to a sensed condition.
725 for electrolytic protection of objects with control
responsive to a sensed condition.
744 for electrolytic treatment of water, sewage, or other
waste water with programmed, cyclic, or time responsive
control; but without involving control responsive to a sensed
condition.
775 for electrolytic methods of analysis or testing, per se.
See the (1) Note in subclass 775.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, as the residual class for
processes and apparatus for measuring or testing, per se.
See also the (3) Note in the class definition of Class 73 for
additional loci of other measuring and testing processes and
apparatus of different types.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, for measuring,
testing, or sensing, per se, to determine electrical
properties by electrical means even though nonelectrical
values may be derived from the electrical properties
determined.
Subclass:
744
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
With programmed, cyclic, or time responsive control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 742. Subject matter
which involves (a) storing coded instructions or other data
which is used to regulate the treatment of water, sewage, or
other waste water, (b) repetitively regulating a sequence of
process steps, or (c) regulating the treatment according to
preset timing sequences (e.g., limiting various process steps
to predetermined durations of time, etc.).
(1) Note. This subclass is not intended to include the use
of direct current (DC) pulses which are not clearly
repetitive (i.e., with multiple complete cycles) or
predetermined.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
646 for electrolytic erosion resulting in a change of
workpiece shape or surface configuration with programmed,
cyclic, or time responsive control.
728 for electrolytic protection of objects containing a
metal or metal alloy involving both control responsive to a
sensed voltage and programmed, cyclic, or time responsive
control.
729 for electrolytic protection of objects containing a
metal or metal alloy with programmed, cyclic, or time
responsive control; but not involving control responsive to a
sensed condition.
743 for electrolytic treatment of water, sewage, or other
waste water with control responsive to a sensed condition.
Subclass:
745
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Internal battery action:
This subclass is indented under subclass 742. Subject matter
in which the water, sewage, or other waste water is treated
by electrolysis without an external source of electrolytic
current; usually the electrolytic current is derived from an
internal chemical reaction (e.g., galvanic action, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
706 for electrolytic removal of foreign material from a
metal or metal alloy by internal battery action.
730 for electrolytic protection of objects containing a
metal or metal alloy by internal battery action.
764 for electrolytic treatment of an inorganic gas, vapor,
or critical fluid by internal battery action.
Subclass:
746
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Using membrane:
This subclass is indented under subclass 742. Subject matter
in which a semipermeable solid barrier or diaphragm (e.g.,
ion exchange membrane, etc.) is used in the treatment of
water, sewage, or other waste water; usually the barrier or
diaphragm is placed between the electrodes in an electrolytic
cell to provide separate compartments.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
703 for electrolytic treatment of organic material using a
membrane.
770 for electrolytic treatment of other nonmetallic
inorganic material using a membrane.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, 450 particularly
subclasses 518+ for electrophoretic or electro-osmotic
barrier separation.
Subclass:
747
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
With filtering:
This subclass is indented under subclass 746. Subject matter
in which the water, sewage, or other waste water is passed
through a porous substance to mechanically remove a solid
therefrom.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
751 for electrolytic treatment of water, sewage, or other
waste water with filtering; but without the use of a
membrane.
Subclass:
748
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Plural membranes:
This subclass is indented under subclass 746. Subject matter
in which two or more membranes are used.
Subclass:
749
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
With recycle or reuse:
This subclass is indented under subclass 748. Subject matter
in which material is either circulated outside the treatment
process and returned thereto or used again later (e.g., in
plural steps with or without regeneration, etc.).
Subclass:
750
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Removing metal:
This subclass is indented under subclass 746. Subject matter
in which a metal or a metal compound is removed from the
water, sewage, or other waste water; usually either by
deposition of a free metal or metal alloy or by precipitation
of an insoluble metal compound or complex.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
702 for electrolytic removal of a metal or metal compound
from organic material.
705 for electrolytic removal of foreign material from a
metal or metal alloy.
771 for electrolytic removal of a metal or metal compound
from nonmetallic inorganic material.
Subclass:
751
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
With filtering:
This subclass is indented under subclass 742. Subject matter
in which the water, sewage, or other waste water is passed
through a porous substance to mechanically remove a solid
therefrom.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
747 for electrolytic treatment of water, sewage, or other
waste water using a membrane; and with filtering.
Subclass:
752
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
And treatment with oxygen or ozone:
This subclass is indented under subclass 751. Subject matter
in which the water, sewage, or other waste water is also
exposed to oxygen or ozone which may either be provided from
an external source or be produced during electrolysis.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
756 for electrolytic treatment of water, sewage, or other
waste water using an oxygenating gas; but without filtering.
Subclass:
753
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Using particle bed:
This subclass is indented under subclass 742. Subject matter
in which a discrete body of solid particles is used in the
treatment of water, sewage, or other waste water.
(1) Note. This subclass and the subclasses indented
hereunder are not intended to provide for the use of a bed
consisting only of solid particles produced or precipitated
during the electrolytic treatment.
Subclass:
754
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
As electrode:
This subclass is indented under subclass 753. Subject matter
in which the particle bed is used as an electrode.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
758 for electrolytic treatment of water, sewage, or other
waste water using a porous electrode other than a particle
bed.
Subclass:
755
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
With mixing, agitating, or gas-liquid contacting:
This subclass is indented under subclass 742. Subject matter
in which the water, sewage, or other waste water under
treatment is (a) mixed, agitated, or otherwise intermingled
or (b) contacted with a gas or vapor.
(1) Note. The gas or vapor may either be provided from an
external source or be produced during electrolysis, provided
that such gas or vapor is clearly disclosed as intentionally
contacting the water, sewage, or other waste water. For the
purpose of this subclass and the subclasses indented
hereunder, such contact is not assumed as an inevitable
result of electrolysis and does not provide for the mere
liberation of gas or vapor produced thereby.
Subclass:
756
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Using oxygenating gas (e.g., ozone, air, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 755. Subject matter
in which the water, sewage, or other waste water is contacted
with a gas containing oxygen in a form which may be used to
saturate the water, sewage, or other waste water with oxygen
(e.g., ozone, air, etc.).
Subclass:
757
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Bubbling (e.g., for flotation of solids, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 755. Subject matter
in which the water, sewage, or other waste water is contacted
with a gas by allowing gas bubbles to rise in a body of the
water, sewage, or other waste water (e.g., for flotation of
solids, etc.).
Subclass:
758
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Using porous electrode (e.g., perforated, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 742. Subject matter
in which at least one electrode used in the treatment of
water, sewage, or other waste water is provided with two or
more penetrating holes passing through the entire depth
thereof (e.g., perforated, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
754 for electrolytic treatment of water, sewage, or other
waste water using a particle bed electrode.
Subclass:
759
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Using coated electrode (e.g., having electrocatalytic
coating, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 742. Subject matter
in which at least one electrode used in the treatment of
water, sewage, or other waste water is provided with a
distinguishable layer of different composition (e.g., having
electrocatalytic coating, etc.).
(1) Note. The electrode coating may be formed during the
water treatment.
Subclass:
760
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Using electrode containing precious metal or free carbon
(e.g., insoluble electrode, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 742. Subject matter
in which at least one electrode used in the treatment of
water, sewage, or other waste water contains silver (Ag),
gold (Au), a platinum group metal, or free carbon (C) (e.g.,
insoluble electrode, etc.).
Subclass:
761
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Using electrode containing ferrous metal:
This subclass is indented under subclass 742. Subject matter
in which at least one electrode used in the treatment of
water, sewage, or other waste water contains a ferrous metal
(i.e., containing at least 50 percent iron).
Subclass:
762
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Alkali-forming metal hydroxide:
This subclass is indented under subclass 687. Subject matter
in which the material treated is a metal hydroxide which
dissociates on dissolution in water to provide a pH greater
than 7.
Subclass:
763
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Gas, vapor, or critical fluid:
This subclass is indented under subclass 687. Subject matter
in which the material treated is a gas, vapor, or fluid
beyond its critical point (i.e., in which all liquid and
vapor merge into a single continuous fluid phase having
properties different from either the liquid or vapor).
Subclass:
764
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Internal battery action:
This subclass is indented under subclass 763. Subject matter
in which the material treatment is conducted without an
external source of electrolytic current; usually the
electrolytic current is derived from an internal chemical
reaction (e.g., galvanic action, using a sacrificial anode,
etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
657 for electrolytic erosion by internal battery action and
resulting in a change of workpiece shape or surface
configuration.
706 for electrolytic removal of foreign material from a
metal or metal alloy by internal battery action.
730 for electrolytic protection of an object containing a
metal or metal alloy by internal battery action.
745 for electrolytic treatment of water, sewage, or other
waste water by internal battery action.
Subclass:
765
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Using solid electrolyte:
This subclass is indented under subclass 763. Subject matter
in which the material treatment is conducted using a solid
electrolyte.
Subclass:
766
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Solid (e.g., articles, particles, ore, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 687. Subject matter
in which the material under treatment is an inorganic,
nonmetallic solid (e.g., articles, particles, ore, etc.).
Subclass:
767
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Containing precious metal (e.g., beneficiating ore, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 766. Subject matter
in which the solid material contains silver (Ag), gold (Au),
or a platinum group metal (e.g., beneficiating ore, etc.).
Subclass:
768
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Containing free carbon (e.g., graphite, carbon black, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 766. Subject matter
in which the solid material contains carbon (C) in a free or
uncombined state (e.g., graphite, carbon black, etc.).
Subclass:
769
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Glass, silica, quartz, or optical material (e.g., contact
lenses, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 766. Subject matter
in which the solid material is glass, silica, quartz, or a
material used for optical purposes (e.g., contact lenses,
etc.).
Subclass:
770
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Using membrane:
This subclass is indented under subclass 687. Subject matter
in which a semipermeable solid barrier or diaphragm (e.g.,
ion exchange membrane, etc.) is used in the material
treatment; usually the barrier or diaphragm is placed between
the electrodes in an electrolytic cell to provide separate
compartments.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
703 for electrolytic treatment of organic material using a
membrane.
746 for electrolytic treatment of water, sewage, or other
waste water using a membrane.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, 450 and
particularly subclasses 518+ for electrophoretic or
electro-osmotic barrier separation.
Subclass:
771
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Removing metal:
This subclass is indented under subclass 687. Subject matter
in which a metal or a metal compound is removed from the
material under treatment, usually either by deposition of
free metal or metal alloy or by precipitation of an insoluble
metal compound or complex.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
693 for electrolytic cleaning or refining of fibrous organic
material.
702 for electrolytic removal of a metal or metal compound
from organic material.
705 for electrolytic removal of foreign material from a
metal or metal alloy.
750 for electrolytic removal of a metal or metal compound
from water, sewage, or other waste water using a membrane.
Subclass:
772
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Copper:
This subclass is indented under subclass 771. Subject matter
in which copper (Cu) is removed.
Subclass:
775
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
ELECTROLYTIC ANALYSIS OR TESTING (PROCESS AND ELECTROLYTE
COMPOSITION):
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter involving an electrolytic method of analysis
or testing, including electrolyte compositions for use
therein.
(1) Note. Processes drawn to combinations of electrolytic
analysis or testing with other electrolytic processes
provided for above are placed in the appropriate above
subclass or subclasses and cross-referenced in this section
when desired. However, electrolytic processes carried out
merely for the purpose of analysis or testing (e.g.,
stripping of a coating from a substrate by electrolysis
merely to determine the bonding strength of the coating,
etc.) are properly classified here.
(2) Note. Classification in this subclass and the
subclasses indented hereunder is based on electrolytic
analysis or testing to obtain a desired result. Therefore,
analysis or testing of a sample for the presence or amount of
a specific component is classified based on the specific
component (when provided for) even if a test electrode only
senses an intermediate second component to deduce the
presence of the specific component. Cross-referencing to any
other appropriate subclass or subclasses which provide for
the detection of the intermediate second component is merely
discretionary.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, as the residual class for
processes and apparatus for measuring or testing, per se.
See also the (3) Note in the class definition of Class 73 for
additional loci of other measuring and testing processes and
apparatus of different types.
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, 400 for
corresponding apparatus utilizing electrolytic action for
analysis or testing.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, for measuring,
testing, or sensing, per se, to determine electrical
properties by electrical means even though nonelectrical
values may be derived from the electrical properties
determined; especially 323 for testing of underground
formations by electrolytic methods (e.g., testing an oil well
bore for water strata, etc.), subclasses 425+ for testing of
an electrolyte to determine electrical properties thereof,
and other appropriate subclasses for any other
electrolytic-type testing, in general, which is combined with
a significant electrical testing circuit or is unrelated to
the subject matter of Class 205.
436, Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing, for a
qualitative or quantitative chemical analysis including (1) a
step involving electrochemistry followed by another chemical
reaction not involving electrochemistry or (2) a step which
may alternatively involve either electrochemistry or another
chemical reaction not involving electrochemistry.
Subclass:
775.5
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
For corrosion:
This subclass is indented under subclass 775. Subject matter
in which the gradual electrochemical disintegration of a
material is determined, usually to test the ability of a
solid material (e.g., ferrous metal, etc.) to withstand such
disintegration.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
694 for electrolytic protection of fibrous organic
material.
724 for electrolytic protection of metal objects.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, subclass 404 for
electrolytic apparatus for analysis and testing of corrosion
and subclasses 196+ for electrolytic object protection
apparatus.
252, Compositions, 387 for compositions for use as or in
agents for preventing, inhibiting, or reducing corrosion or
chemical attack of metals or other solid materials.
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, 7 for a process of
maintaining an environment nondestructive to metal, usually
by continuous or regular addition of a chemical agent to
inhibit corrosion of a metal object.
Subclass:
776
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Testing by internal battery action:
This subclass is indented under subclass 775.5. Subject
matter in which a material or system is tested for corrosion
without an external source of electric current; usually the
electrolytic current is derived from an internal chemical
reaction (e.g., galvanic action, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
730 for electrolytic protection of metal objects by internal
battery action.
Subclass:
776.5
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Of coating, coated substrate, or imbedded object:
This subclass is indented under subclass 775.5. Subject
matter in which the material is a coating, coated substrate,
or imbedded object (e.g., reinforced concrete, etc.).
(1) Note. The coating, coated substrate, or imbedded object
must exist as such apart from any base material or matrix
which is included merely for the purpose of supporting the
coating, coated substrate, or imbedded object during
electrolytic analysis or testing.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
734 for electrolytic protection of metal imbedded in
asphalt, concrete, stone, or masonry.
791 for electrolytic analysis or testing of a solid coating
or coated substrate for material properties thereof, in
general.
794 for electrolytic analysis or testing of a reactant or
product during the formation of a coating on a substrate.
Subclass:
777
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Of ferrous metal:
This subclass is indented under subclass 775.5. Subject
matter in which the material is iron (Fe) or contains at
least 50 percent iron.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
735 for electrolytic protection of ferrous metal objects.
Subclass:
777.5
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Involving enzyme or micro-organism:
This subclass is indented under subclass 775. Subject matter
in which the method involves an enzyme or micro-organism
(e.g., animal or plant cells, bacteria, virus, etc.).
(1) Note. Measuring or testing for the activity of an
enzyme or micro-organism by change in electrolytic action is
an example of the subject matter provided for in this
subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
701 for electrolytic treatment of biological organic
material.
779 for electrolytic analysis or testing of a biological
fluid for halogen or a halogen containing compound, but
without involving an enzyme or micro-organism.
792 for electrolytic analysis or testing of a biological
fluid or tissue, but without involving an enzyme or
micro-organism.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, subclass 403 for
electrolytic apparatus for biological analysis and testing.
435, Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, 4 for
nonelectrolytic, nonelectrophoretic, and nonelectro-osmotic
measuring or testing processes involving enzymes or
micro-organisms; a composition or test strip therefor; and
processes of forming such a composition or test strip. This
includes processes in which a micro-organism is cultured or
an enzyme functions catalytically when a nonelectrical
property is measured, processes of purification and
immobilization of enzymes, and processes using an enzyme to
produce a product.
436, Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing,
appropriate subclasses for related processes of measuring or
testing (1) in which an enzyme reacts noncatalytically or (2)
involving an antigen antibody (which is not living) for the
nondiagnostic identification of chemical species.
Subclass:
778
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
And using semipermeable membrane:
This subclass is indented under subclass 777.5. Subject
matter in which a semipermeable solid barrier or diaphragm is
utilized, often as a support for an enzyme.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
782.5 for electrolytic analysis or testing for an oxygen or
oxygen containing compound using a semipermeable membrane,
but not involving an enzyme or micro-organism.
793 for electrolytic analysis or testing using a
semipermeable membrane, in general, but not involving an
enzyme or micro-organism.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, subclass 415 for
electrolytic apparatus for analysis and testing using a
selectively permeable membrane.
Subclass:
778.5
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
For halogen or halogen containing compound:
This subclass is indented under subclass 775. Subject matter
in which a material is analyzed or tested for halogen (i.e.,
F, Cl, Br, I, or At) or a halogen containing compound.
Subclass:
779
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
In biological fluid (e.g., urine, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 778.5. Subject
matter in which the material analyzed or tested is a
biological fluid (e.g., urine, etc.).
(1) Note. This subclass does not provide for electrolytic
analysis or testing of a fluid (e.g., air, carbon dioxide,
etc.) which may be metabolized or may be the result of a
metabolic process unless the fluid is specifically disclosed
in connection with a metabolic or biological process or
organism.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
701 for electrolytic treatment of biological organic
material.
777.5 for electrolytic analysis or testing involving an
enzyme or micro-organism.
792 for electrolytic analysis or testing of a biological
material in general.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, subclass 403 for
electrolytic apparatus for biological analysis and testing.
Subclass:
779.5
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Gaseous halogen or halogen containing compound:
This subclass is indented under subclass 778.5. Subject
matter in which the material analyzed or tested contains
gaseous halogen or a gaseous halogen containing compound.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, 424 and 431+ for
electrolytic apparatus for analysis and testing of a gas with
or without the use of a solid electrolyte, respectively.
Subclass:
780
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Using electrode containing precious metal or free carbon:
This subclass is indented under subclass 778.5. Subject
matter in which an electrode containing silver (Ag), gold
(Au), a platinum group metal, or free carbon (C) (e.g.,
graphite, carbon fibers, etc.) is used.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
786 for electrolytic analysis or testing for oxygen or an
oxygen containing compound other than water using anelectrode
containing precious metal or free carbon.
794.5 for other processes of electrolytic analysis or
testing using an electrode containing precious metal or free
carbon.
Subclass:
780.5
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
For nitrogen or nitrogen containing compound:
This subclass is indented under subclass 775. Subject matter
in which a material is analyzed or tested for nitrogen (N) or
a nitrogen containing compound.
Subclass:
781
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Nitrogen oxide (e.g., gaseous nitrogen dioxide, dissolved
sodium nitrate, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 780.5. Subject
matter in which the material is analyzed or tested for a
nitrogen oxide (e.g., gaseous nitrogen dioxide, dissolved
sodium nitrate, etc.).
Subclass:
781.5
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
For alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, or compound thereof:
This subclass is indented under subclass 775. Subject matter
in which a material is analyzed or tested for an alkali metal
(i.e., Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, or Fr), an alkaline earth metal
(i.e., Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, or Ra), or a compound of an alkali
metal or alkaline earth metal.
Subclass:
782
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
For oxygen or oxygen containing compound (except water):
This subclass is indented under subclass 775. Subject matter
in which a material is analyzed or tested for oxygen (O) or
an oxygen containing compound other than water.
(1) Note. This subclass and the subclasses indented
hereunder also provide for the analysis or testing for the
chemical potential of oxygen or an oxygen containing
compound.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
788 for processes of analyzing or testing a material for
water.
Subclass:
782.5
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Using semipermeable membrane:
This subclass is indented under subclass 782. Subject matter
in which a semipermeable solid barrier or diaphragm is
utilized.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
778 for electrolytic analysis or testing involving an enzyme
or micro-organism and using a semipermeable membrane.
793 for electrolytic analysis or testing using a
semipermeable membrane, in general.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, subclass 415
for electrolytic apparatus for analysis and testing using a
selectively permeable membrane.
Subclass:
783
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Gaseous oxygen or oxygen containing compound:
This subclass is indented under subclass 782.5. Subject
matter in which the material analyzed or tested contains
gaseous oxygen or a gaseous oxygen containing compound.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
784 for electrolytic analysis or testing for gaseous oxygen
or a gaseous oxygen containing compound using a solid
electrolyte, but not using a semipermeable membrane.
785.5 for electrolytic analysis or testing for gaseous
oxygen or a gaseous oxygen containing compound, but without
using a semipermeable membrane or a solid electrolyte.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, 424 and 431+
for electrolytic apparatus for analysis and testing of a gas,
in general.
Subclass:
783.5
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Using solid electrolyte:
This subclass is indented under subclass 782. Subject matter
in which a solid ionic conductor (i.e., electrolyte) is
utilized.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, subclass 410
and 421+ for electrolytic apparatus for analysis and testing
using a solid electrolyte.
Subclass:
784
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Gaseous oxygen or oxygen containing compound:
This subclass is indented under subclass 783.5. Subject
matter in which the material analyzed or tested contains
gaseous oxygen or a gaseous oxygen containing compound.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
783 for electrolytic analysis or testing for gaseous oxygen
or a gaseous oxygen containing compound using a semipermeable
membrane.
785.5 for electrolytic analysis or testing for gaseous
oxygen or a gaseous oxygen containing compound, in general.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, 424 for
electrolytic apparatus for analysis and testing of a gas
using a solid electrolyte.
Subclass:
784.5
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
In combustible gas (e.g., air/fuel mixture for internal
combustion engine, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 784. Subject matter
in which the gaseous oxygen or gaseous oxygen containing
compound is either flammable or is found in a flammable
mixture of gases.
(1) Note. This subclass is not intended to include sensing
of an exhaust gas to control an air/fuel feed mixture to an
internal combustion engine unless the exhaust gas is
specifically disclosed as comprising a combustible gas
containing gaseous oxygen or a gaseous oxygen containing
compound.
Subclass:
785
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
With heating or temperature sensing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 784. Subject matter
which includes heating or detection of temperature, often
used in connection with temperature control.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, subclass 408 for
electrolytic apparatus for analysis and testing with means
for temperature or pressure compensation.
Subclass:
785.5
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Gaseous oxygen or oxygen containing compound:
This subclass is indented under subclass 782. Subject matter
in which the material analyzed or tested contains gaseous
oxygen or a gaseous oxygen containing compound.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
783 for electrolytic analysis or testing for gaseous oxygen
or a gaseous oxygen containing compound using a semipermeable
membrane.
784 for electrolytic analysis or testing for gaseous oxygen
or a gaseous oxygen containing compound using a solid
electrolyte, but not using a semipermeable membrane.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, 424 and 431+ for
electrolytic apparatus for analysis and testing of a gas, in
general.
Subclass:
786
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Using electrode containing precious metal or free carbon:
This subclass is indented under subclass 782. Subject matter
in which an electrode containing silver (Ag), gold (Au), a
platinum group metal, or free carbon (C) (e.g., graphite,
carbon fibers, etc.) is used.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
780 for electrolytic analysis or testing for halogen or a
halogen containing compound using an electrode containing
precious metal or free carbon.
794.5 for other processes of electrolytic analysis or
testing using an electrode containing precious metal or free
carbon.
Subclass:
786.5
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
For sulfur or sulfur containing compound:
This subclass is indented under subclass 775. Subject matter
in which a material is analyzed or tested for sulfur (S) or a
sulfur containing compound.
Subclass:
787
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
For organic compound:
This subclass is indented under subclass 775. Subject matter
in which a material is analyzed or tested for an organic
compound.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
688 for electrolytic treatment of organic material.
Subclass:
787.5
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
For pH:
This subclass is indented under subclass 775. Subject matter
in which a material is analyzed or tested for the logarithm
of the reciprocal of hydrogen (H) ion concentration.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, subclass 433
for electrolytic apparatus used to measure carbon content or
pH.
Subclass:
788
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
For water (e.g., moisture, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 775. Subject matter
in which a material is analyzed or tested for water (e.g.,
moisture, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
782 for electrolytic analysis or testing for oxygen or an
oxygen containing compound other than water.
Subclass:
788.5
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Including titration:
This subclass is indented under subclass 775. Subject matter
which involves the volumetric determination of the
concentration of a desired substance in a known volume of a
solution by adding a standard reacting solution of known
strength and volume until the reaction is completed as
indicated electrometrically (e.g., potentiometric titration,
coulometric titration, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, subclass 405
for electrolytic titration apparatus.
Subclass:
789
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
For ion concentration (e.g., ion activity, pKa, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 775. Subject matter
in which a material is analyzed or tested for ion
concentration (e.g., ion activity, pKa, etc.).
(1) Note. The electrolytic analysis or testing of a
material for the mere presence of one or more ionic species
in solution is insufficient for placement in this subclass or
the subclass indented hereunder, which are intended to
provide for determination of at least the relative quantity
of ions in solution.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, 416 for
electrolytic apparatus for analysis and testing using an ion
sensitive electrode.
Subclass:
789.5
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Cations:
This subclass is indented under subclass 789. Subject matter
in which the material is analyzed or tested for the
concentration of one or more cationic species.
Subclass:
790
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For composition of metal or metal alloy:
This subclass is indented under subclass 775. Subject matter
in which the chemical composition of a metal or metal alloy
is determined.
(1) Note. This subclass does not provide for analysis or
testing for localized variations in composition unless
combined with the determination of the overall chemical
composition of a metal or metal alloy.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
790.5 for electrolytic analysis or testing of a solid
material for other properties, particularly subclass 791.5
for defects in solid material.
Subclass:
790.5
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For properties of solid material (e.g., surface area, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 775. Subject matter
in which a physical, chemical, or electrical property of a
solid material (including manufactured articles or
subassemblies) is determined (e.g., surface area, etc.).
Subclass:
791
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Of coating or coated substrate (e.g., thickness, bonding
strength, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 790.5. Subject
matter in which the solid material is a coating or coated
substrate (e.g., thickness, bonding strength, etc.).
(1) Note. The coating or coated substrate must exist as
such apart from any base material or matrix which is included
merely for the purpose of supporting the coating or coated
substrate during electrolytic analysis or testing.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
776.5 for electrolytic analysis or testing of a coating,
coated substrate, or imbedded object for corrosion.
794 for electrolytic analysis or testing of a reactant or
product during the deposition of a coating on a substrate.
Subclass:
791.5
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Defects:
This subclass is indented under subclass 790.5. Subject
matter which involves detecting undesirable localized
variations in a solid material or component (e.g., localized
microstructure defects in a solid metal article which may
result in mechanical or electrical failure, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, subclass 401
for electrolytic apparatus for analysis and testing having
means for fault testing of a sensor or component used
therein.
Subclass:
792
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Of biological material (e.g., urine, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 775. Subject matter
in which a biological material (e.g., urine, etc.) is
analyzed or tested.
(1) Note. This subclass does not provide for electrolytic
analysis or testing of a fluid (e.g., air, carbon dioxide,
etc.) which may be metabolized or may be the result of a
metabolic process unless the fluid is specifically disclosed
in connection with a metabolic or biological process or
organism.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
701 for electrolytic treatment of biological organic
material.
777.5 for electrolytic analysis or testing involving an
enzyme or micro-organism.
779 for electrolytic analysis or testing of a biological
fluid for halogen or a halogen containing compound.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, subclass 403 for
electrolytic apparatus for biological analysis and testing.
Subclass:
792.5
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Using ion exchange resin:
This subclass is indented under subclass 775. Subject matter
in which an ion exchange resin is employed.
Subclass:
793
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Using semipermeable membrane:
This subclass is indented under subclass 775. Subject matter
in which a semipermeable solid barrier or diaphragm is
utilized.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
778 for electrolytic analysis or testing involving an enzyme
or micro-organism and using a semipermeable membrane.
782.5 for electrolytic analysis or testing for an oxygen or
oxygen containing compound using a semipermeable membrane.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, subclass 415
for electrolytic apparatus for analysis and testing using a
selectively permeable membrane.
Subclass:
793.5
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Tracking chemical reactions:
This subclass is indented under subclass 775. Subject matter
which involves electrolytic analysis or testing of a reactant
or product during a chemical reaction.
Subclass:
794
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Coating (e.g., electroless, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 793.5. Subject
matter in which the chemical reaction results in the
deposition of a coating on a substrate.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
776.5 for electrolytic analysis or testing of a coating,
coated substrate, or imbedded object for corrosion.
791 for electrolytic analysis or testing for material
properties of a solid coating or coated substrate.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, subclass 434
for electrolytic apparatus for analysis and testing involving
plating, coating, or stripping.
Subclass:
794.5
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Using electrode containing precious metal or free carbon:
This subclass is indented under subclass 775. Subject matter
in which an electrode containing silver (Ag), gold (Au), a
platinum group metal, or free carbon (C) (e.g., graphite,
carbon fibers, etc.) is used.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
780 for electrolytic analysis or testing for halogen or a
halogen containing compound using an electrode containing
precious metal or free carbon.
786 for electrolytic analysis or testing for oxygen or an
oxygen containing compound other than water using an
electrode containing precious metal or free carbon.
Subclass:
799
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MISCELLANEOUS ELECTROLYSIS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter involving electrolysis which is not provided
for above.
CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS
Subclass:
915
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ELECTROLYTIC DEPOSITION OF SEMICONDUCTOR:
Subject matter wherein a semiconductor is deposited.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
123 for subject matter directed to the selected area
electrolytic coating wherein the product is or includes a
semiconductor.
Subclass:
916
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SEQUENTIAL ELECTROLYTIC AND NONELECTROLYTIC, OR
NONELECTROLYTIC AND ELECTROLYTIC COATING FROM THE SAME BATH:
Subject matter wherein electrolytic and nonelectrolytic
coating steps are sequentially performed in any order from
the same bath.
(1) Note. Compare with this class, subclass 109 for subject
matter directed to depositing a coating which contains
embedded solid material, such processes often involving
simultaneous electrolytic and nonelectrolytic coating from
the same bath.
Subclass:
917
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TREATMENT OF WORKPIECE BETWEEN COATING STEPS:
Subject matter wherein the workpiece is treated after one
coating step and before another coating step.
Subclass:
918
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USE OF WAVE ENERGY OR ELECTRICAL DISCHARGE DURING
PRETREATMENT OF SUBSTRATE OR POST-TREATMENT OF COATING:
Subject matter wherein wave energy or electrical discharge is
used during the pretreatment of a substrate prior to coating
or during the post-treatment of a coating after it has been
deposited.
Subclass:
919
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WATERPROOFING:
Subject matter wherein one or more steps of water-proofing
the substrate prior to electrolytic coating are performed or
wherein the electrolytic coating itself serves to waterproof
the substrate.
Subclass:
920
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
ELECTROLYTIC COATING OF CIRCUIT BOARD OR PRINTED CIRCUIT
(OTHER THAN SELECTED AREA COATING):
Subject matter directed to the production of a circuit board
or printed circuit wherein an electrolytic coating step
either transforms a substrate into the circuit board or
printed circuit or simply deposits material on a substrate
which before coating was already identifiable as a circuit
board or printed circuit and wherein the electrolytic coating
is applied to the entire substrate.
Subclass:
921
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
ELECTROLYTIC COATING OF PRINTING MEMBER (OTHER THAN SELECTED
AREA COATING):
Subject matter directed to the preparation of the printing
surface of a sheet, plate, roll or other member employed in
printing by electrolytically depositing a coating over the
entire surface.
Subclass:
922
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
ELECTROLYTIC COATING OF MAGNETIC STORAGE MEDIUM (OTHER THAN
SELECTED AREA COATING):
Subject matter directed to the production of a magnetic
storage medium wherein an electrolytic coating step either
transforms a substrate into the magnetic storage medium or
simply deposits material on a substrate which before the
electrolytic coating step was already identifiable as a
magnetic storage medium and wherein the electrolytic coating
is applied to the entire substrate.
Subclass:
923
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
SOLAR COLLECTOR OR ABSORBER:
Subject matter wherein an electrolytic coating is provided on
a substrate designed to serve as a device or as a part of a
device for absorbing or collecting solar energy.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
126, Stoves and Furnaces, cross-reference art collection
subclass 901 for an absorber coating other than electrolytic
coating.
Subclass:
924
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
ELECTROLYTIC COATING SUBSTRATE PREDOMINANTLY COMPRISED OF
SPECIFIED SYNTHETIC RESIN:
Subject matter wherein a coating is electrolyt-ically
deposited on a substrate the major or predominant constituent
of which is a synthetic resin of specified composition.
Subclass:
925
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
SYNTHETIC RESIN IS ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTIVE:
This subclass is indented under subclass 924. Subject matter
wherein the major or predominant constituent of the substrate
is a synthetic resin which is itself sufficiently
electrically conductive to allow direct electroplating.
Subclass:
926
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
POLYAMIDE OR POLYIMIDE (E.G., NYLON, ETC.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 924. Subject matter
wherein the major or predominant constituent of the substrate
is a polyamide or polyimide.
Subclass:
927
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
POLYOLEFIN (E.G., POLYETHYLENE, POLYPROPYLENE, ETC.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 924. Subject matter
wherein the major or predominant constituent of the substrate
is a polyolefin.
Subclass:
928
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ABS COPOLYMER:
This subclass is indented under subclass 924. Subject matter
wherein the major or predominant constituent of the substrate
is a copolymer made from acrylonitrile, butadiene, and
styrene.
Information Products Division -- Contacts
Questions regarding this report should be directed to:
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
Information Products Division
PK3- Suite 441
Washington, DC 20231
tel: (703) 306-2600
FAX: (703) 306-2737
email: oeip@uspto.gov
Last Modified: 6 October 2000