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Descriptors:
Structural Equation Models; Psychopathology; Risk; Adolescents; Grade 9; Grade 12; Aggression; Dating (Social); Interpersonal Relationship; Foreign Countries; High School Students; Peer Relationship; Violence; Context Effect; Psychological Patterns; Delinquency; Predictor Variables; Correlation

Abstract:
The present study examined physical dating aggression in different adolescent relationships and assessed linear, threshold, and moderator risk models for recurrent aggressive relationships. The 621 participants (59% girls, 41% boys) were drawn from a 1-year longitudinal survey of Canadian high school youths ranging from Grade 9 through Grade 12. Approximately 13% of participants reported recurrent dating aggression across 2 different relationships. Using peer and dyadic risk factors from Time 1 of the study, the authors confirmed a linear risk model, such that adolescents in 2 different violent relationships had significantly more contextual risk factors than did adolescents in 1 or no violent relationship. Further, structural equation modeling assessing moderation of contextual risk factors indicated that, for adolescents with high acceptance of dating aggression, peer aggression and delinquency significantly predicted recurrent aggression in a new relationship. In comparison, for adolescents with low acceptance of dating aggression, negative relationship characteristics significantly predicted recurrent aggression. Acceptance did not moderate concurrent associations between risk factors and aggression in 1 relationship. Results support a developmental psychopathological approach to the understanding of recurrent aggression and its associated risk factors. (Contains 2 figures, 1 table and 5 footnotes.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Conflict; Personal Autonomy; Adolescents; Interpersonal Relationship; Observation; Gender Differences

Abstract:
This study examined the association between conflict negotiation and the expression of autonomy in adolescent romantic partners. Thirty-seven couples participated in a globally coded conflict interaction task. Actor-partner interdependence models (APIM) were used to quantify the extent to which boys' and girls' autonomy was linked solely to their own negotiation of the conflict or whether it was linked conjointly to their own and their partners' negotiation style. Combining agentic autonomy theories and peer socialization models, it was expected that boys' and girls' autonomy would be associated only with their own conflict behaviors when they employed conflict styles reflective of their same gender repertoire, and associated conjointly with self and partner behaviors when they employed gender-atypical conflict styles. Instead of an equal, albeit distinct, positioning in the autonomy dynamic, the results suggested that girls' autonomy is associated solely with their own conflict behaviors, whereas boys' autonomy is jointly associated with their own and their partners' conflict behaviors. We discuss the relative power of boys and girls in emergent dyadic contexts, emphasizing how romantic dynamics shape salient abilities. (Contains 1 figure and 4 tables.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Friendship; Adolescents; Internet; Interpersonal Relationship; Longitudinal Studies; Computer Mediated Communication; Games; Computers; Prediction; Socialization

Abstract:
The purpose of this study was to determine whether using the Internet for different activities affects the quality of close adolescent relationships (i.e., best friendships and romantic relationships). In a one-year longitudinal study of 884 adolescents (Mean age = 15, 46% male), we examined whether visiting chat rooms, using ICQ, using the Internet for general entertainment, or participating in online gaming predicted changes in the quality of best friendships and romantic relationships. Multiple regression analyses indicated that Internet activity choice influenced later relationship quality in both best friendships and romantic relationships. Using instant messaging (ICQ) was positively associated with most aspects of romantic relationship and best friendship quality. In contrast, visiting chat rooms was negatively related to best friendship quality. Using the Internet to play games and for general entertainment predicted decreases in relationship quality with best friends and with romantic partners. These findings reflect the important and complex functions of online socialization for the development and maintenance of relationships in adolescence. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Bullying; Correlation; Adolescents; Adolescent Development; Foreign Countries; Trend Analysis; High Risk Students; Interpersonal Relationship; Peer Relationship; Parent Child Relationship; Aggression; Antisocial Behavior

Abstract:
Trajectories in bullying through adolescence were studied along with individual, family, and peer relationship factors. At the outset, participants' ages ranged from 10 to 14; 74% identified as European Canadian with the remainder from diverse backgrounds. With 8 waves of data over 7 years, 871 students (466 girls and 405 boys) were studied to reveal 4 trajectories: 9.9% reported consistently high levels of bullying, 13.4% reported early moderate levels desisting to almost no bullying at the end of high school, 35.1% reported consistently moderate levels, and 41.6% almost never reported bullying. Students who bullied had elevated risks in individual, parent, and peer relationship domains. Risk profiles and trajectories provide direction for interventions to curtail the development of power and aggression in relationships. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Parenting Styles; Child Rearing; Predictor Variables; Sexual Orientation; Early Adolescents; Risk; Adolescents; Sexuality; Puberty; Foreign Countries; Longitudinal Studies; Peer Groups; Self Concept; Behavior Problems

Abstract:
The objectives of this research were to explore patterns of heterosexual activity in early adolescence and to examine the differential pathways to light and heavy heterosexuality. We utilized the National Longitudinal Survey of Canadian Children and Youth (NLSCY) in which heterosexual behaviors, as well as puberty, parenting processes, peer self-concept, and problem behaviors were examined. The heterosexual activities of the majority of 12- and 13-year-old adolescents were largely confined to light activities of hugging, holding hands, and kissing. Heavy activities such as petting and sexual intercourse were reported less often. Using predictor variables from Cycle 1 of the NLSCY when participants were 10- and 11-year-olds, SEM analyses indicated that puberty and higher peer self-concept shared significant direct pathways to both light and heavy heterosexuality. Heavy sexual activity, however, was uniquely associated with the risk factors of adolescent problem behaviors. Positive and hostile parenting styles were indirectly associated with light sexual activity through peer self-concept. Positive and hostile parenting styles were also indirectly associated with heavy sexual activity through both peer-oriented self-concept and problem behaviors. Results support differential patterns and predictors of light and heavy sexuality in early adolescence. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Prevention; Dating (Social); Aggression; Adolescents; Predictor Variables; Interpersonal Relationship; Violence; Incidence; At Risk Persons; Bullying; Interpersonal Competence; Family Influence; Peer Influence

Abstract:
The emergence of romantic relationships is one of the most striking features of adolescence. By the late adolescent years, most teenagers have been in a romantic relationship at least once and roughly half of teens are dating currently. Alarmingly though, in many of these relationships adolescents act aggressively toward each other and this behavior appears almost as early as relationships emerge. Aggression in adolescent dating relationships is of high concern. There are negative psychological consequences as well as the risk of physical injury. Moreover, use of aggression in dating relationships may set in motion a pattern of interpersonal violence that continues into adulthood. On the bright side, adolescence is a period of transition and opportunity. Preventing dating aggression at this developmental stage may reap significant positive outcomes later in life. In this article, the authors provide a review of adolescent dating aggression, focusing on warning signs and methods of prevention. (Contains 1 table.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Foreign Countries; Immigration; Victims of Crime; Immigrants; Bullying; Peer Relationship; Psychological Patterns; Ethnicity; Correlation; Adjustment (to Environment); Elementary School Students; High School Students; Racial Differences

Abstract:
The study explored the peer victimization experiences of immigrant youth in Canada. More specifically, their involvement in general victimization and ethnic victimization (i.e., being bullied on the basis of one's ethnic background) was examined using an ethnically-diverse sample of elementary and high school students. There were no significant differences in the prevalence of general victimization among the immigrant status groups. There was a trend towards an effect of immigration status on ethnic victimization, such that youth born in Canada but whose parents were not (1st generation Canadians) reported the highest rates of ethnic victimization. In terms of adjustment, immigration group status did not moderate the association between ethnic victimization and internalizing or externalizing difficulties. Youth who reported being bullied because of their ethnicity, however, reported higher rates of such difficulties both concurrently and one year later. The implications for early interventions in ethnic victimization, as well as the limitations of the study and directions for future research are presented. (Contains 6 tables and 2 figures.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Sexual Orientation; Homosexuality; High School Students; Adolescents; Comparative Analysis; Peer Relationship; Victims of Crime; Social Support Groups; Social Adjustment; Student Surveys; Matched Groups; Sexual Harassment; Depression (Psychology); Bullying; Symptoms (Individual Disorders); Psychological Patterns

Abstract:
The present study examined the link between sexual orientation and adjustment in a community sample of 97 sexual minority (gay male, lesbian, bisexual, and questioning) high school students, taking into account their experiences of peer victimization and social support within peer and family contexts. Adolescents were identified in a large-scale survey study conducted at 5 high schools. They were matched to a comparison sample of their heterosexual peers. Sexual minority adolescents reported more externalizing behaviors and depression symptoms than heterosexual youth. Compared to their heterosexual peers, sexual minority youth reported more sexual harassment, more bullying, less closeness with their mothers, and less companionship with their best friends. There were no significant differences between gay male, lesbian, bisexual, and questioning adolescents. Overall, both victimization and social support mediated the link between sexual orientation and psychosocial symptoms. Among sexual minority youth, the link between social support and externalizing was mediated by experiences of peer victimization. These findings highlight the contextual risk and protective factors associated with non-heterosexual sexual orientation in accounting for the emotional and behavioral problems in this population. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Adolescents; Friendship; Gender Differences; Dating (Social); Cultural Background; Ethnic Groups; Interpersonal Relationship

Abstract:
This study examined dating-stage and developmental-contextual models of romantic relationships during early adolescence. Same-gender friendships, affiliation with mixed-gender groups, dating, and romantic relationships were investigated in a sample of 1,284 young adolescents of diverse ethnocultural backgrounds. Data were collected cross-sectionally in Grades 5 through 8, as well as longitudinally in the fall and spring of an academic year. Consistent with a stage model, affiliation with mixed-gender groups and dating were qualitatively distinct activities that were sequentially organized and facilitated the progression from same-gender friendships to dyadic romantic relationships. The results also provide insights on how the developmental context may alter stage pathways: Dating activities were incorporated with mixed-gender affiliations, group-based romantic stages showed more stability than other stages, and the ethnocultural context influenced romantic timing. Finally, results indicated that participation in romantic activities heightened adolescents' future interest in having a romantic relationship. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Adolescent Development; Adolescents; Dating (Social); High School Students; Interpersonal Relationship; Longitudinal Studies; Peer Influence; Predictor Variables; Sexuality

Abstract:
Examined adolescents' peer structures and the quality of their friendships as antecedents of romantic relationships among 180 high schoolers followed from grade 9 through 11. Found that small groups of close friends predicted other-sex peer networks that, in turn, predicted the emergence of future romantic relationships. Found indirect effects for same-sex groups of close friends and same-sex networks. (Author/KB) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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