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00.017.0.01.007. Carrot yellow leaf virus

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.017.0.01.007. Carrot yellow leaf virus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Isolate Description

Location: Japan.

Host of Isolate and Habitat Details
Source of isolate: Daucus carota ssp. sativus.

Natural host and symptoms
Daucus carota — yellowing and reddening.

Heracleum sphondylium, Anthriscus sylvestris — symptomless.

Reference to Isolation Report
Yamashita et al. (1976).

Classification

This is a description of a plant virus at the species level with data on all virus properties from morphology to genome, replication, antigenicity and biological properties.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.017.0.01.007. Virus accession number: 17001007. Obsolete virus code: 17.0.1.0.006; superceded accession number: 17010006.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

Synonym(s): hogweed 6 virus, heracleum 6 virus. ICTV approved acronym: CYLV. Virus is a tentative member of the genus 00.017.0.01. Closterovirus; family 00.017. Closteroviridae.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped. Capsid/nucleocapsid is elongated with helical symmetry. The capsid is filamentous, flexuous with a length of 1650 nm (~45 nm) and a width of 12 nm. Basic helix is obvious. Pitch of helix is 3.7 nm.

Electron microscopic preparation and references: Virus preparation contains few virions. Virions visible without fixation and staining by PTA. Reference for electron microscopic methods: Murant et al. (1984).

Nucleic Acid

The genome is monopartite. Only one particle size of linear, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA is recovered.

Proteins

The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins.

Lipids

Lipids are not reported.

Translation: Virions may provide helper functions to dependent virus during replication. Virion acts as helper for another virus; a helper for Heracleum latent virus; a helper by possibly phenotypic mixing.

Diagnostics and Reference Collections

The best tests for diagnosis are transfer by aphid to Anthriscus cerefolium or Coriandrum sativum, and test these on Chenopodium quinoa, which is susceptible to heracleum latent virus but not CYLV, and Nicotiana benthamiana, which is susceptible to CYLV not heracleum latent virus. CYLV has flexuous virions, anthriscus yellows virus has isometric ones.

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.

Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms, Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae).

General Symptoms in Plants Symptoms yellowing in cultivated Daucus carota and no visible symptoms in wild umbelliferae.

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is transmitted by a vector. Virus is transmitted by mechanical inoculation.

Vector Transmission:
Virus is transmitted by arthropods, by insects of the order Hemiptera, family Aphididae; Cavariella aegopodii, C. pastinacae, C. theobaldi. Virus is transmitted in a semi-persistent manner; can facilitate the vector transmission of another virus (heracleum latent (?) virus).

Experimental Hosts and Symptoms

Under experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in few families. Susceptible host species are found in the Family Solanaceae, Umbelliferae. The following species were susceptible to experimental virus infection: Anthriscus cerefolium, Anthriscus sylvestris, Coriandrum sativum, Daucus carota, Daucus carota ssp. sativus, Heracleum sphondylium, Nicotiana benthamiana, Nicotiana clevelandii, Pimpinella anisum.

Host:
Experimentally infected hosts mainly show symptoms of yellowing and necrosis.

Experimentally infected insusceptible Hosts: Families containing insusceptible hosts: Chenopodiaceae, Cucurbitaceae, or Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Solanaceae. Species inoculated with virus that do not show signs of susceptibility: Chenopodium amaranticolor, Chenopodium capitatum, Chenopodium foetidum, Chenopodium murale, Chenopodium quinoa, Cucumis sativus, Nicotiana glutinosa, Nicotiana megalosiphon, Nicotiana occidentalis, Phaseolus vulgaris, Pisum sativum, Vicia faba.

Diagnostic Hosts

Diagnostic host species and symptoms:

Anthriscus cerefolium, Coriandrum sativum, Pimpinella anisum — vein necrosis, severe leaf rolling and yellowing, leading to plant death.

Nicotiana benthamiana — necrotic local lesions and systemic lethal necrosis and yellowing.

N. clevelandii — necrotic local lesions without systemic symptoms. Diagnostic host: insusceptible host species Chenopodium amaranticolor, C. quinoa, Nicotiana glutinosa, N. occidentalis, Phaseolus vulgaris.

Maintenance and Propagation Hosts

Most commonly used maintenance and propagation host species are Anthriscus cerefolium (W), Coriandrum sativum (W), Nicotiana benthamiana (W).

References to host data: Van Dijk and Bos (1989).

Histopathology: Virus can be best detected in leaves and phloem. Virions are found in the cytoplasm and nucleus.

Cytopathology: Other cellular changes include characteristic vesicles and morphological changes of mitochondria in phloem cells (Yamashita et al., 1976).

Geographical Distribution

The virus is found, but with no evidence of proliferation, in Japan, the Netherlands and the U.K.

References

Bem, F. and Murant, AF (1979). Ann. appl. Biol. 92: 237.

Van Dijk, P. and Bos, L. (1985). Neth. J. Pl. Path. 91: 169.

Van Dijk, P. and Bos, L. (1989). Neth. J. Pl. Path. 95(2): 34.

Murant, AF (1981). Ann. Rep. Scottish Hort. Res. Inst. 1980, p. 102.

Murant, AF (1983). Ann. Rep. Scottish. Crop Res. Inst. 1982, p. 191.

Murant, AF, Duncan, GH and Raschk‚, J.H. (1984). Ann. Rep. Scottish Crop Res. Inst. 1983, p. 188.

Yamashita, S., Ohki, S.T., Doi, Y. and Yora, K. (1976). Ann. Phytopath. Soc. Japan 42: 382.

The following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.
VIDEdB, the plant virus database developed at the Australian National University by Adrian J. Gibbs and collaborators, contains an earlier description with the number 165 by P. van Dijk and L. Bos, 1991.



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DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia. ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by, or using data from experts in the field of virology or members ICTV. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web from the descriptions in DELTA-format. The description has been generated automatically from DELTA files. DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia.

ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

Developer of the DELTA software: M. J. Dallwitz, T. Paine and E. Zurcher

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Last updated on 25 April 2006 by Cornelia Büchen-Osmond
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