U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
Information Products Division |
U.S. Patent Classification System - Classification Definitions
as of June 30, 2000
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Class 225
SEVERING BY TEARING OR BREAKING
Class Definition:
This class provides for devices for, and methods of, severing
by manually forcing work against a fixed edge or by breaking
or tearing, as more specifically defined below:
A. SEVERING BY MANUALLY FORCING WORK AGAINST A FIXED EDGE
This subject matter includes devices or processes
accomplishing manual severing of indefinite length material
such as strands or webs or of fixed length material such as
sheets, cards, or tickets wherein a blade having a severing
edge is provided and wherein the severing edge is fixed in
position with respect to a portion of the work material
during severance, the work itself is directly manually
grasped on one side of the edge and forced against the edge
to effect severance along that edge while at least some
portion of the work on the opposite side of the edge is
restrained from movement during severance to thereby prevent
any portion of the work from being transported across the
edge.
(1) Note. Although the severing blade is not moved to effect
severance, such blade may be moved or adjusted for any other
purpose.
(2) Note. This section of the class includes the combination
of claimed means for performing an additional severing
operation by a diverse type of severing instrumentality. For
example, included is the combination of slitting a web
longitudinally by moving the web past a relatively fixed
cutting edge followed by severing the slit web laterally by
means under the class definition (see subclass 7).
(3) Note. Excluded from this section of the class are those
devices wherein the work is manually twisted or tensioned to
rupture or break along a pre-determined weakened line which
is not registered with and co-extensive with a fixed edge
disclosed as functioning to cooperate with the weakened line
to effect severance of the work. For excluded subject matter,
see subclasses 93+ and the "SEARCH CLASS" notes below to
Classes for Special Receptacle or Package; Winding,
Tensioning, or Guiding,; and Supports: Cabinet Structure. See
Search Notes below.
(4) Note. This section of the class does not include claimed
means for accomplishing any work-treating operation other
than severing or claimed means which are ancillary to a
nonsevering work-treating operation, on the same or different
work from that treated by the fixed severing edge. For
example, the combination of a severing device under the class
definition with a means to apply a coating to the work is
classified in the class for Coating Apparatus.
(5) Note. This section of the class does not include claimed
combinations of a severing device under the class definition
with an art device elsewhere classified, except for diverse
type cutters, as in (2) Note above, and for subclasses in
this class specifically providing for combinations with
timers, web or strand feed means, indicators, housings for
work supply, brakes, clamps and guides. For example, the
combination of a dental floss holder with means to manually
sever the floss is found in the class for Toilet; or a holder
for sticky tape for cleaning lint, etc., from surfaces
combined with a severing edge is found in the class for
Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning. See Search Notes
below.
B. BREAKING OR TEARING
This subject matter includes devices or processes for
breaking or tearing the work. For the purpose of this class
breaking or tearing is defined as a failure by tension of the
work at the point or line of separation, effected by moving
one part of the work relative to another part or by causing
internal stresses to be built up within the workpiece. The
tension is applied by stretching, bending, twisting or
applying thermal shock so as to stress and strain the work
beyond its yield and failure point. This effectuation of the
failure by means of the relative movement of the parts
distinguishes breaking and tearing from other types of
separating, e.g., where the separation is effected by moving
a tool relative to the work (as e.g., through the work) which
may incidentally move the severed parts relative to each
other.
(1) Note. Where a breaking or tearing function is alleged or
disclosed, the claimed structure must be such as to be
capable of inducing in the work a force of tension. A
structural limitation in the claim which precludes the
induction of such force will direct classification of such
claim on some more appropriate structural basis. For example,
where a punch and die are claimed as having a close fit, or
one tool of a pair is claimed in contact with the other tool
or in closely spaced relation, such limitations would exclude
the patent from this group of subclasses.
(2) Note. This section of the class does not include claimed
means for accomplishing any work treating operation other
than severing. Merely incidental shaping or deformation of
the product produced solely by the severing instrumentality
in its severing motion will not be excluded; however, where
the severing instrumentality is specially designed or
modified so as to impose a desired shape on the product the
patent will be classified elsewhere. For example, a device
for breaking and bending sheet metal to a desired
configuration will be classified in the class for Metal
Deforming.
(3) Note. Tension, as contemplated in this class, should
extend over a substantial continuous area of the work, as
contrasted with tension applied to extremely small, even if
contiguous, local areas as in sawing wood, for example, or
crushing brittle cellular material such as that disclosed in
Patent No. 2, 781, 838.
(4) Note. Where a work-contacting tool is utilized but there
is no tension failure specifically alleged, the following
guide lines should be applied to the disclosure:
a. If the work is tensioned across and against a fixed
severing edge, whether sharp or dull, the patent will be
placed in this class (225).
b. If a dull edged tool and supported work are moved
relatively to one another to cause tensioning and rupture of
the work the patent will be placed in this class (225).
c. If a sharp-edged tool is moved into the work with the
work support or holder at a substantial distance from the
plane in which the blade moves but there is no clear teaching
of a "slicing" cut (i.e., into and through the work and also
with a component of force or motion transverse thereto, as in
a "draw cut" or "progressive" cut) the patent will be placed
in this class (225).
d. Where relatively flaccid work material is held in two
spaced zones and a tool, whether sharp or dull, is relatively
moved so as to first tension the work between the zones of
support and then to cause rupture of the work along the
localized line of stress at the blade edge, the patent will
be classified in this class (225).
e. Where relatively stiff work is held or supported at one or
both ends and a dull tool moves to engage the work in a zone
spaced substantially from the support zone or zones, the
patent will be classified in this class (225).
f. Where relatively stiff work is held or supported at an
end zone or at two spaced zones and a sharp-edged tool is
directed into the work in spaced relation to the zone or
zones of support and the work is parted by movement of the
tool therethrough rather than by stressing of the work beyond
its yield point the patent will be classified in Class 83.
g. Where a severing tool has an edge which moves in contact
with or in substantially close relation to the edge of a
cooperating tool so as to sever the work therebetween, or
where an edged tool is directed into work supported on a
surface underlying the edge, the patent will be classified in
Class 83 (or some other appropriate class).
REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
15, Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning, subclass
104.002 for sticky tape lint or dust collectors with tape
severing means.
19, Textiles: Fiber Preparation, subclass .35 for processes
and apparatus for breaking or tearing combined with textile
handling or textile treating.
30, Cutlery, subclass 126 and 127 for strand cutters
combined with means to hold or guide the strand to be cut and
wherein use the strand is severed by manipulating the blade
rather than by manually forcing the strand against the edge
as required in this class (225).
65, Glass Manufacturing, subclasses 112+ for a process of
severing or perforating and treating a glass preform, and
subclass 174 for glassworking or treating apparatus combined
with severing, scoring or scribing means; see the "Search
Notes" under each of these subclasses.
73, Measuring and Testing, subclass 835 for the tensile
strength testing of materials by tearing.
83, Cutting, appropriate subclasses for processes or devices
for severing material by penetrating the material with a
solid tool or a fluid current operating against an edged
tool.
99, Foods and Beverages: Apparatus, subclass 551 for
removing a pit by a tongue, subclass 585 for skin removal by
a pinching roller, subclass 587 for skin removal by pulling,
subclasses 600+ for hulling or grain by tearing or abrading,
subclasses 623+ for skin removal by abrading, and subclasses
637+ for a device that pulls or tears the stem from fruit.
112, Sewing, subclass 252 for sewing machine elements which
cut threads at end of seam; see subclass 83 in this class
(225) for sewing machine presser foot attachments for cutting
threads by manually forcing the thread against a severing
edge.
125, Stone Working, subclass 23.01 for stone splitting
apparatus, and subclasses 40+ for apparatus for severing
stone by a breaking operation.
132, Toilet, subclasses 324+ for dental floss holders with
floss-supply container and severing means.
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
appropriate subclasses for apparatus and methods pertaining
to severing and/or laminating of delaminating.
206, Special Receptacle or Package, subclass 39 for strip,
ticket or stamp dispensing devices having no disclosed use of
a severing edge, and see (3) Note above.
220, Receptacles, subclasses 277+ for rip strip can opening
devices.
221, Article Dispensing, subclass 25 for article dispensing
involving a progressively destroyed cellular magazine supply
source, and subclass 26 for article dispensers which clamp a
portion of the articles so that the portion to be removed
must be torn from the retained portion.
223, Apparel Apparatus, subclasses 106+ for spool and
sewing-implement holders which may include a cutter.
241, Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration,
appropriate subclasses, for processes or devices for breaking
material into smaller portions where there is no claimed
provision for maintaining or determining the product shape or
size, or where the material being worked upon is not
disclosed as modified so as to determine a specific size or
shape for the product.
242, Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding, subclass 521 and 522+
for tearing or cutting combined with subsequent convolute
winding, and subclasses 487.1+ for cutting a strand being
wound, and subclass 911 for a cutter that may otherwise be
appropriate for winding, tensioning, or guiding.
269, Work Holders, appropriate subclasses. Class 269 is the
residual locus for patents to a device for clamping,
supporting and/or holding an article (or articles) in
position to be operated on or treated. See notes thereunder
for other related loci.
281, Books, Strips, and Leaves, subclasses 6+ for strip
holders providing a platen disclosed as a backing surface for
writing and which may include a blade arranged for severing
sheets from the strip by manually forcing the strip
thereagainst.
312, Supports: Cabinet Structure, subclass 34.1 for
continuous strip cabinet devices having no claimed severing
edge against which the strip may be forced for severing
purposes, and see (3) Note above.
452, Butchering, subclass 49 for sausage delinkers and
subclass 125 for skinning by tearing.
462, Books, Strips, and Leaves for Manifolding, subclass 51
for device for feeding and severing strips utilized for
manifolding.
GLOSSARY:
BRAKE OR CLAMP
A means for applying friction directly or indirectly to the
work, the means as disclosed being intended to slow, stop or
prevent work motion.class 51 for device for feeding and
severing strips utilized for manifolding.
WORK
A web, sheet, or strand (including tube, rod or bar) which is
to be acted on.
WORK SUPPLY
A mass or quantity of work material in any regular or
irregular arrangement.
WORK SUPPLY PACKAGE
Work supply in regular form such as a wound roll, a folded
strip or a pack or stack of work material may include a core,
a flanged core or other support to which the material is
fixed
SUBCLASSES
Subclass:
1
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes of severing.
Subclass:
2
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Processes which
include a step of providing a line of lesser strength in the
work, and then severing the work on a line which intersects
or coincides with the line of lesser strength.
(1) Note. The preliminary weakening may be of a type not
classified, per se, in this class; as for example,
perforating, milling, cutting by a torch or scoring. Such
steps in combination with breaking or tearing steps have been
classified here because such other step has been considered
to effect a necessary or desirable preparation of the work
for the breaking or tearing operation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
96 for corresponding apparatus.
Subclass:
3
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Process wherein
the line of breaking or tearing occurs along a line parallel
to the path of movement of the work feed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
99 for apparatus for longitudinally separating work by a
breaking or tearing operation by diverting the moving work
into separate paths.
Subclass:
4
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Processes wherein
the line of breaking or tearing is generally across the
direction of feed of the work and occurs during the feed
thereof.
(1) Note. Included here are methods of developing tensile
stresses by relative acceleration of the feed velocity of a
leading portion of the work.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
100 for corresponding apparatus.
Subclass:
5
This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Processes wherein
the line of separation proceeds to or from an edge of the
traveling work.
Subclass:
6
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Devices
under the section of the ... for Severing by Manually
Forcing Work Against a Fixed Edge.
(1) Note. This subclass is the residual or miscellaneous
repository for devices coming within the part of the class
definition for Severing by Manually Forcing Work Against a
Fixed Edge but not classifiable in any of the subclasses
indented hereunder.
Subclass:
7
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Devices combined
with additional means for separating work completely,
thicknesswise.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
94 for breakers combined with nonbreaking cutters; except
that where the non-breaking cutter is a tearing device the
combination is in this subclass (7).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
234, Selective Cutting (e.g., Punching), appropriate
subclasses, and particularly subclass 131 for the
combination of tearing or breaking means with selective
cutting means.
Subclass:
8
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. A device
including means to hold the work from moving toward the
blade, means to deactivate said work-holding means, and means
providing a predetermined time delay between the application
of said holding means to the work and its subsequent
deactivation.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
226, Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length, subclass 131
for manual material movers having timed interlocks that
prevent subsequent material movement for a predetermined
period of time.
Subclass:
9
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Devices in which
the blade edge is so arranged as to produce a line of
severance in the work which is oblique relative to an edge of
the work.
Subclass:
10
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. A device having
structure which as disclosed causes or permits a definitely
determined linear length of work to be moved from the work
supply past the severing blade for subsequent manipulation
against the blade to sever such length.
(1) Note. With a wound supply package the predetermined
length may be one which diminishes progressively as the
package is reduced in diameter.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 27+ for stacks or pads of individual work pieces
held in contact with the severing blade and wherein the stack
or pad as a whole may be moved relative to the blade edge to
determine the line of severance; these are excluded from this
and the indented subclasses because the work supply as a
whole is moved.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
226, Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length, subclass 120
for devices that advance a predetermined amount of material
where severing is not claimed.
312, Supports: Cabinet Structure, subclass 34.1 for
dispensing predetermined lengths from strip material in which
there is no fixed severing edge or the severing edge is not
claimed.
Subclass:
11
This subclass is indented under subclass 10. Devices having
means for setting the device to feed out any desired one of a
plurality of predetermined work lengths.
(1) Note. This is intended to include infinitely adjustable
strip lengths as well as multi-step devices such as postage
stamp strip dispensers.
Subclass:
12
This subclass is indented under subclass 10. A device in
which the work is moved from the source of supply past the
blade by manually grasping and pulling the lead-end of the
work and in which means is provided for preventing further
movement of the work after the predetermined length of work
has been so moved.
Subclass:
13
This subclass is indented under subclass 12. A device in
which the means for preventing further movement of the work
is a member which extends into the path of movement of the
work and engages either a transversely extending edge portion
of the work or of an article attached to the work.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
221, Article Dispensing, subclass 25 for article dispensing
involving a progressively destroyed cellular magazine type
supply source.
Subclass:
14
This subclass is indented under subclass 12. Devices having
means which operates to place or expose a short leading end
portion of the work in position for manual grasping and
subsequent manual pull-out or feeding.
Subclass:
15
This subclass is indented under subclass 10. Devices in which
the structure, as disclosed, causes or permits feed-out of a
relatively short length sufficient for manual grasping so as
to permit subsequent withdrawal of an addition indeterminate
length of work.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
226, Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length, subclass 121
for devices that absorb energy from material to later be
utilized in feeding out the lead end of the material, where
severing of the material is not claimed.
Subclass:
16
This subclass is indented under subclass 10. Devices having
hand-operated parts which directly function mechanically to
transport the predetermined length of work so as to locate it
in position for severing.
(1) Note. Devices requiring manual operation of an electric
switch or the like to control electrically-operated means for
moving the work have not been placed herein.
Subclass:
17
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Devices having
visual means or indicia for measuring or identifying the
material to be dispensed or denoting any characteristic
thereof (e.g., width of supply material or length of material
dispensed or remaining in the supply source or package).
Subclass:
18
This subclass is indented under subclass 17. A device in
which the indicating means aids the operator in determining
when a desired length of work extends past the blade.
Subclass:
19
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. A devices
including a member disclosed as functioning for preventing or
inhibiting inadvertent contact of the operator's hand (or any
object) with the blade edge.
Subclass:
20
This subclass is indented under subclass 19. A device in
which the guard is mounted so as to be capable of motion.
Subclass:
21
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Devices in which
an element of the device contacts the lead-end portion of the
work and imparts motion thereto so as to separate the work
from contact with the blade.
(1) Note. Usually the work has an adhesive coating and the
stripper functions to free the lead-end for the next
succeeding feed-out operation.
Subclass:
22
This subclass is indented under subclass 21. Devices in which
the blade is mounted so as to be capable of motion relative
to the remainder of the device.
(1) Note. The movement may or may not be related to the
stripping function.
Subclass:
23
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. A device
including means to impart motion to the work to transport at
least a portion thereof in a path leading to the severing
edge so as to locate it in position for co-action with the
severing edge.
(1) Note. Where a claimed work feed-out means is disclosed
as functioning to supply a predetermined length, such means
has been classified above in subclasses 10+.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 10+ for feed-out of predetermined lengths and
see (1) Note, above.
28 for devices which have means to move the severed stub
portion of a work piece in pad or stack arrangement.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
226, Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length, appropriate
subclasses for methods of, and apparatus for, feeding
material without utilizing the leading or trailing ends to
effect movement of the material.
242, Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding, subclass 521 and 522+
for tearing or cutting combined with subsequent convolute
winding, and subclasses 487.1+ for cutting a strand being
wound, and subclass 911 for a cutter that may otherwise be
appropriate for winding, tensioning, or guiding.
Subclass:
24
This subclass is indented under subclass 23. A device
including means to separate the work from a surface of the
work-moving means.
(1) Note. Either the work itself or some surface of the
work-moving means may have adhesive characteristics, thus
requiring separation means.
Subclass:
25
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Devices which
include structure providing an area adjacent the blade and in
the path of movement of adhesively coated work to which area,
as disclosed, the free-end portion of said work may remain
temporarily adhered.
(1) Note. Guide or feed rollers mounted for turning about a
fixed axis are excluded from this subclass.
(2) Note. These devices usually provide for anchoring the
feed-out portion of the work to prevent retrograde movement
or to facilitate manual grasping.
(3) Note. Either the work or the surface may be adhesive.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
24 for means to strip work from work moving means; see (1)
Note, above.
Subclass:
26
This subclass is indented under subclass 25. A device in
which a finger notch, recess or aperture is provided in the
paster surface to permit grasping of the work for detaching
it from the paster surface.
Subclass:
27
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Devices
associated with means to retain a plurality of individual
work pieces for successive application to the blade, said
pieces being generally planar and usually identical in size
and juxtaposed one against another and with or without means
to bind the edges thereof.
(1) Note. Devices for severing a single sheet or ticket,
without a supply package or compartment, will be found in the
appropriate subclass at the end of the schedule beginning
with subclass 81.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
206, Special Receptacle or Package, subclass 39 for pocket
cases specially constructed to hold tickets, cards, stamps,
etc., and subclass 40.5 for ticket holders to be carried by
the person and designed for ready dispensing of the tickets
successively from the holder, where no fixed severing edge is
claimed.
Subclass:
28
This subclass is indented under subclass 27. Devices provided
with structure for manipulating the cut end of the remaining
stub portion of a severed work piece to move it, at least
temporarily, away from or retain it in spaced relation with
the remaining uncut work pieces of the pad or stack.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
6 for devices having compartments for loose stubs.
Subclass:
29
This subclass is indented under subclass 27. Devices in which
the configuration of the severing edge of the blade may be
varied by rearrangement of relatively movable parts thereof.
Subclass:
30
This subclass is indented under subclass 29. Devices in which
a protruding element is movable along the blade edge for
producing a reentrant portion of the severed edge of the work
at any desired location.
Subclass:
31
This subclass is indented under subclass 27. Device in which
the blade structure may be manually moved bodily over the
surface of the topmost work piece of the pad or stack to
locate the blade in a selected severing position.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 29+ for devices in which parts of the blade
structure are slidable relative to each other to provide for
a changeable blade edge contour.
Subclass:
32
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Devices
associated with means for retaining an elongated strip of
work material which, as disclosed, is arranged in juxtaposed
successively reversed folds and adapted to be unfolded and
moved across the blade.
Subclass:
33
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Devices including
two or more distinct and spaced severing edges combined with
one work supply and capable of use one after the other or
independently of one another.
Subclass:
34
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Devices having
means to retain two or more distinct work supplies and
including one or more blades.
(1) Note. A laminated web which is presented to the blade
while still in adhered condition is considered a single
supply source and is classified on some other appropriate
feature.
(2) Note. This and the indented subclasses include devices
having a plurality of individual webs rolled or folded
together in face-contacting relation where (a) the juxtaposed
webs are presented to a single blade, or (b) nonlaminated
webs are separated and two or more are presented to the
blade; excluded, however, are those devices where only one of
the separated webs is presented to the blade.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
6 for devices excluded under (2) Note, above, and not
classifiable in Class 242, Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
appropriate subclasses for apparatus and methods pertaining
to severing and delaminating, particularly subclass 152,
247+, 344, and 584 for delaminating.
242, Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding, subclass 521 and 522+
for tearing or cutting combined with subsequent convolute
winding.
Subclass:
35
This subclass is indented under subclass 34. Devices wherein
each of the work supplies, usually in package form, is
mounted on a rotatable carrier means near or at the periphery
thereof, there being a severing edge adjacent the carrier,
the arrangement being such that the carrier may be rotated to
selectively locate any one of the supplies in a position
convenient to the severing edge.
Subclass:
36
This subclass is indented under subclass 34. Devices wherein
a member having a severing edge thereon is connected to the
supply holding means for motion relative thereto and this
member may be moved so as to locate the severing edge in a
position convenient to the work feed-out path from each
supply source.
Subclass:
37
This subclass is indented under subclass 34. Devices provided
with two or more distinct severing edges.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
33 for devices having plural distinct blades useable
alternatively or sequentially on a single work supply.
Subclass:
38
This subclass is indented under subclass 37. Devices wherein
each supply source is provided with an individual severing
edge.
Subclass:
39
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Devices in which
the blade is attached to an enclosure which substantially
covers the work supply on at least the top and four sides, as
seen in its position of normal use.
(1) Note. A surface in or against which the device is
intended to be attached so as to complete the enclosure may
be considered as part of the housing to meet the above
requirements.
(2) Note. The enclosure may have apertured, foraminous or
reticulated wall structure.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
206, Special Receptacle or Package, subclasses 438+ for a
surgical package including a severing blade.
Subclass:
40
This subclass is indented under subclass 39. Housings
including claimed structure which is disclosed as acting to
seal the work exit passageway to prevent ingress of luminary
rays or of liquids or gases into an otherwise sealed
housing.
(1) Note. These housings usually protect specially treated
paper such as photos:graphic or litmus paper.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, subclass 242
for chamber seals and see the Notes thereto for completing
the search for this subject matter.
Subclass:
41
This subclass is indented under subclass 39. Devices wherein
the enclosure is provided with an opening or transparent wall
for viewing the work or a portion thereof without opening the
housing.
Subclass:
42
This subclass is indented under subclass 39. Devices in which
the housing structure for attaching the housing to a
supporting surface or within a recess.
Subclass:
43
This subclass is indented under subclass 39. Devices in which
the blade is formed on or attached to a hinged cover for an
opening in the container through which the supply package may
be inserted.
Subclass:
44
This subclass is indented under subclass 39. A device in
which the housing is formed of separate parts, at least
portions of which are slidably nested one within another,
whether permanently joined or separable.
(1) Note. Housings having flanged pivoted covers are not
considered to fall within the means of "telescoping".
Subclass:
45
This subclass is indented under subclass 44. A device in
which the work supply is wound on a core having at least one
flange and there is a tubular member, open at one or both
ends, telescoping over the flange so as to completely enclose
the work supply and is at least partially removed in order to
provide access to the work.
Subclass:
46
This subclass is indented under subclass 39. Devices in which
the work supply is in the form of a wound package and the
housing has means to contact with the core or spindle of the
package to thereby mount the package for rotation about its
axis; or, alternatively, the interior of the housing is
modified to supportingly engage the periphery of the package
by any means other than merely a flat bottom wall intended to
be horizontal in normal position of use.
Subclass:
47
This subclass is indented under subclass 46. Devices in which
the housing has means to contact with the core or spindle of
the package to thereby mount the package for rotation about
its axis.
Subclass:
48
This subclass is indented under subclass 39. Devices in which
the housing as set forth by the language of the claim(s) is
made from one sheet of material cut and folded along lines
such as to form an enclosure meeting the requirements of
subclass 39.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
229, Envelopes, Wrappers, and Paperboard Boxes, subclasses
100+ for a folded, blank paperboard box.
Subclass:
49
This subclass is indented under subclass 48. Devices wherein
the severing edge is integral with the material of the
blank.
(1) Note. A hardening agent may be used to coat or
impregnate the severing edge area of a paper blank. However,
an additive preformed edge is excluded from this subclass.
Subclass:
50
This subclass is indented under subclass 48. Devices wherein
a cover-forming panel member of the housing is provided with
means interengaging other parts of the housing to inhibit
movement away from closed or folded position.
Subclass:
51
This subclass is indented under subclass 39. Devices which
include a work contacting friction device.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
226, Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length, subclass 195
for devices for placing tension on material of
indeterminate-length, where severing is not claimed.
Subclass:
52
This subclass is indented under subclass 51. Devices in which
the exit passageway for the work is, or is capable of being
made, sufficiently limited so as to frictionally engage the
work, or there is a friction element applied to the running
work immediately adjacent to or within the passageway.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
43 for housings in which the blade is on a pivoted closure
which serves to clamp the work against a container wall
during the severing operation.
44 for sectional telescoping housings having juxtaposed
walls forming a restricted or restrictable work outlet.
subclasses 48+ for folded single blank containers having
overlapping or juxtaposed panels forming a work passageway
therebetween, some of which disclose that the two panels can
exert a braking force on the work.
Subclass:
53
This subclass is indented under subclass 39. Devices provided
with an aperture which permits the work supply to be directly
contacted by the thumb and/or finger for the purpose of
moving a running length of the work toward or through an
egress passageway.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
90 for additional types and arrangements of means to
facilitate lead-end grasping.
Subclass:
54
This subclass is indented under subclass 39. Devices
including means located interiorly of the housing between the
supply source and the work exit passageway functioning to
direct or control the path of the moving work.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
44 for sectional telescoping housings having juxtaposed
walls forming a work passageway therebetween.
subclasses 48+ for folded single blank containers having
overlapping or juxtaposed panels forming a work passageway
therebetween.
Subclass:
55
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Devices in which
the blade is attached to and carried by supporting structure
which is separate and independent from the work supply
source, and this assembly is hand-held and includes a guide
member through which the work in running length form is
threaded, thus maintaining the work and the blade carrier
assembly in continuing association and permitting the carrier
and the work to be manually moved relative to each other.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 27+ for blade carriers mounted on a pad or stack
of tickets or the like.
subclasses 56+ for blade carriers mounted on a wound work
supply package.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
30, Cutlery, subclass 127 for similar devices wherein it is
clearly disclosed that the device is manipulated solely like
a knife for cutting rather than the twine being itself
gripped manually and forced against the blade; also, that
subclass contains similar devices wherein the severing is
accomplished by a cutting tool pair such as a shearing
cutter.
Subclass:
56
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Devices in which
the blade is provided with mounting structure which structure
is adapted to engage and be assembled with a wound work
supply package.
(1) Note. The normal mode of operation, as disclosed, is for
the operator to hold the entire assembly of work and severing
instrumentality in one hand while withdrawing a portion of
work from the supply package with the other hand and forcing
the work against the blade to sever it.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 25+ for such devices having a paster surface.
subclasses 39+ for such devices having a housing
substantially enclosing the supply package.
Subclass:
57
This subclass is indented under subclass 56. Devices in which
the work supply is a permanently tacky adhesive web and means
is provided for breaking the adhesive bond between the
leading end portion of the work and the body of the package.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
24 for strippers which separate adhesive web material from
work moving means.
69 for lead-end strippers operative on nonadhesive webs.
Subclass:
58
This subclass is indented under subclass 56. Devices
including means which surround and resiliently engage a major
portion of the outer circumference of the package to hold the
blade on the package.
Subclass:
59
This subclass is indented under subclass 56. Devices provided
with means for association with a work supply fixedly mounted
on a core which has a radially extending rim at or near at
least one end thereof.
Subclass:
60
This subclass is indented under subclass 59. Devices wherein
the blade is free to move peripherally with respect to the
package but is confined against disassociation therefrom by
engagement with ribs, grooves or beads on the flanges.
Subclass:
61
This subclass is indented under subclass 59. Devices wherein
the spool has an axial through passage or axial recesses at
its ends and the mounting structure engages the passage or
the recesses to permit the spool to rotate on its axis.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
66 for work supply packages having a hollow core and mounted
on bearing means engaging within the interior of the core.
Subclass:
62
This subclass is indented under subclass 59. Devices wherein
a reentrant portion is provided on the periphery of the rim,
and either this portion itself provides the severing edge or
a separate severing edge is provided adjacent the portion
whereby the work (usually of strand form) may be guided into
contact with the severing edge.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
19 for blade edge guards.
Subclass:
63
This subclass is indented under subclass 59. Devices
providing means to grip the free end of work in strand form,
usually to prevent unwanted unwinding of the strand from the
spool.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
242, Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding, subclasses 579+ and
125+ for means to attach an end of an elongated material to a
winding take-up.
Subclass:
64
This subclass is indented under subclass 63. Devices in which
the gripping element bears directly on a flange of the spool
so as to grip the strand therebetween.
Subclass:
65
This subclass is indented under subclass 56. Devices in which
the blade mounting structure includes means which resiliently
clamps over both ends of the package or within the package
core to hold the blade on the package.
Subclass:
66
This subclass is indented under subclass 56. Devices in which
the work is wound on a hollow core and the mounting structure
has means engaged in the core to permit the package to rotate
thereabout.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
61 for such devices in which the work supply is wound on a
hollow flanged spool.
Subclass:
67
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Devices having
means to rotatably support a wound web supply package and a
blade arranged with its edge substantially parallel to the
axis of the supported package so as to be constantly urged
toward the outer decreasing periphery of the package.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 27+ for blades biased into contact with a pad or
stack of work pieces.
Subclass:
68
This subclass is indented under subclass 67. Devices
including means for temporarily retaining the blade out of
contact with the supply roll.
Subclass:
69
This subclass is indented under subclass 67. Devices which
include a guide element lying in close contact with the
peripheral surface of the supply roll so as to engage under
and deflect the lead-end edge portion of the work away from
the surface.
(1) Note. Devices which are manually threaded so as to
continuously deflect the outermost layer of the wound package
to form a running length are not considered to be "strippers"
for this subclass but are merely guides; see, for example,
subclasses 54 and 88.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
24 for strippers acting to separate work from a work-moving
surface.
57 for lead-end strippers for tacky-adhesive-coated work in
hand-held wound packages.
Subclass:
70
This subclass is indented under subclass 67. Devices wherein
the means supporting the supply package against the force of
gravity is able to move under the influence of gravity on the
package and there is a mechanical interconnection with the
means mounting the blade so that a component of the
gravitational force on the package is transmitted to the
blade mounting to urge the blade toward the package.
Subclass:
71
This subclass is indented under subclass 67. Devices wherein
the blade or its supporting structure is constrained or
permitted to follow a pre-determined path of movement which
path is defined by an elongated track or slot or by a
relatively movable rod and sleeve.
(1) Note. Blades which are mounted to move about a pivot or
to flex about a cantilever type anchorage are excluded from
this subclass and will be found above.
Subclass:
72
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Devices in which
either feed-out motion of the work causes the claimed blade
to move to the location in which (as disclosed) the severing
operation takes place or the work is forced against a movably
mounted blade and such contact moves the blade to the
severing location.
Subclass:
73
This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Devices in which
a braking force is initially applied to the work or increased
at the same time as the blade is moved to severing position.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
10 for devices wherein there is a feed-out of a
predetermined length of work.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
226, Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length, subclass 195
for devices for placing tension on material of
indeterminate-length, where severing is not claimed.
Subclass:
74
This subclass is indented under subclass 73. Devices in which
the brake or clamp is applied directly to the work after it
has left the supply package.
Subclass:
75
This subclass is indented under subclass 74. Devices in which
both jaws of a clamp are moved to grip the work
therebetween.
Subclass:
76
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Devices in which
the blade is immovably attached to a support and a wound
supply package is rotatably mounted on the support with its
axis substantially parallel to the blade edge and is
constantly urged to move toward the blade as the radius of
the package is diminished.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
46 for housings in which the package is so supported as to
be biased toward the blade by gravity.
Subclass:
77
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Devices in which
the blade and a wound supply package are mounted on a common
base and the blade is immovable relative to the base.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 39+ for devices where the wound package is
supported in a housing.
76 for devices in which the supply roll is bodily biased
toward the fixed blade.
Subclass:
78
This subclass is indented under subclass 77. Devices having
means for supporting them from the human body or from a
garment or belt worn on the body.
Subclass:
79
This subclass is indented under subclass 77. A device in
which a friction device directly engages a surface of the
work supply package.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
226, Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length, subclass 195
for devices for placing tension on material of
indeterminate-length, where severing is not claimed.
Subclass:
80
This subclass is indented under subclass 77. Devices provided
with passive means between the supply source and the blade
acting to control or direct the path of movement of the work
and in which there is a gap between the guide and the blade
edge to permit manual grasping of the remaining free end
portion of the work after a severing operation has taken
place.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
21 for movable blade strippers which act as guides and
provide access to the lead-end.
Subclass:
81
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Devices provided
with an obstacle located in or movable into the path of
movement of the work, as it is brought into severing
position, for engaging an edge of the work and preventing
further movement thereof in at least one direction so as to
locate some portion of the work in a desired position with
respect to the blade.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
13 for devices having an abutment stop for predetermined
length feed-out of work.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
226, Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length, subclasses
125+ for work abutments where severing is not claimed.
Subclass:
82
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Devices including
a brake or clamp as defined in the Definition of Terms.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 51+ for a brake or tensioner combined with a
housing for the work supply.
subclasses 67+ for devices in which the blade or holder is
biased toward the supply package and carries a brake or
tensioner acting directly on the package.
79 for devices having a fixed blade and a support for a
wound package combined with a brake applied to the package.
subclasses 85+ for devices in which the brake is spaced
from the blade in order to provide a lead-end therebetween.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
226, Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length, appropriate
subclasses for methods of, and apparatus for, feeding
material without utilizing the leading or trailing ends to
effect movement of the material.
Subclass:
83
This subclass is indented under subclass 82. Devices which,
as disclosed, are adapted to be mounted on the presser foot
of a sewing machine.
Subclass:
84
This subclass is indented under subclass 82. Devices in which
the brake or clamp is applied directly to the work after it
has left the supply package.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
52 for housings having a restricted or restrictable outlet
for braking or tensioning the running work.
55 for blade carriers bodily and slidably supported on
running length work and including a brake or clamp.
subclasses 63+ for strand clamps associated with blades
mounted on hand-held wound spools.
74 for brakes continuously applied to running work in which
the braking action is increased when the blade is moved to
severing position.
Subclass:
85
This subclass is indented under subclass 84. Devices in which
there is a gap between the brake and the blade edge to
provide for manual grasping of the remaining free end portion
of the work after a severing operation has taken place.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
63 for strand-holding spools having a severing device
mounted thereon which includes a clamp for the free-end of
the strand almost always spaced from the cutting edge to
provide a readily grasped lead-end.
Subclass:
86
This subclass is indented under subclass 85. Devices in which
the blade is moved by hand from its severing position in
order to make the free-end of the work accessible for
grasping.
Subclass:
87
This subclass is indented under subclass 82. Devices in which
the brake or clamp is spring-biased away from its operative
position and is brought to operative position by hand
pressure.
Subclass:
88
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Devices provided
with passive means located between the supply source and the
blade edge and acting to control or direct the path of
movement of moving work.
(1) Note. Many brakes, etc., having a guiding function.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
54 for housings having internal guides.
55 for blade carriers bodily and slidably supported on
running length work and including a guide for the work.
80 for devices in which the guide is spaced from the blade
in order to provide a lead-end therebetween.
subclasses 82+ for brakes, etc., which may also have a
guiding function.
Subclass:
89
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Devices in which
the blade is engaged by hand and moved toward or away from
the position in which it serves its severing function.
(1) Note. The blade may, for example, be movable to
facilitate threading work through the device, or to permit
grasping the work at the severing zone, or to store the blade
in a nonuse position; or it may be selectively adjustable to
a plurality of severing positions.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
30 for a notcher device slidable on a severing edge.
36 for a single movable blade which may be manually moved to
be adjacent to any selected one of a plurality of work
supplies.
43 for blades mounted on pivoted closures for supply package
housings.
68 for blades continually biased toward wound web supply
packages with a latch for the blade when manually moved to
inoperative position.
72 for devices in which the blade is moved to severing
position by the moving work, which work itself may be moved
by hand.
86 for devices wherein the blade is moved by hand to gain
access to the lead-end of the work, there being a claimed
brake applied to the running work for immobilizing the work
so that blade movement will expose the lead-end of work.
87 for devices in which the brake and blade are integral and
spring biased away from operative position.
Subclass:
90
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Devices in which
means is provided which permits or assists the operator to
grip the remaining cut end portion of the work after a
severing operation for pulling the work past the blade edge
for the next severing operation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
14 for predetermined length feed-out stops for manually
pulled work including means to aid initial grasping of
lead-end.
15 for devices which feed-out a predetermined length of work
merely to provide a lead-end for grasping.
26 for stationary paster surfaces having a finger access
opening to facilitate grasping the lead-end.
53 for supply package housings having a finger access
opening to facilitate work feed-out.
69 for movable blades continually biased toward the supply
package and including means to separate the lead-end from the
package.
subclasses 72+ for blades which are movable to the severing
position by the moving work, and in which the return movement
of the blade makes the lead-end accessible for grasping.
subclasses 85+ for devices in which the blade is spaced
from a brake to provide a lead-end therebetween, including
movable blades to facilitate grasping the lead-end.
subclasses 88+ for guides which have means or are otherwise
arranged to facilitate lead-end grasping.
89 for blades manually movable to gain access to the work at
the severing zone.
Subclass:
91
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Edged severing
devices, per se, disclosed (a) as implements which are
manually placed and held on the surface of work, (b) as
elements to be mounted on supports or housings for work
supplies or (c) in combination with supports for individual
work pieces.
(1) Note. Devices claiming the sub-combination of a blade
and its mounting or support means have been classified in
appropriate subclasses above, based on their disclosed
relationship with other elements or their mode of operation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
43 for blade on pivoted container closure.
49 for blade unitary with single blank container.
Subclass:
92
This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Devices in which
the configuration of the severing edge of the blade may be
changed by rearrangement of relatively movable parts
thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 29+ for pad or stack holders having
changeable-edge-contour blades.
Subclass:
93
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Devices
under the ... for Breaking or Tearing.
(1) Note. This subclass is the residual or miscellaneous
repository for devices coming within the class definition for
Breaking or Tearing but not classifiable in any of the
subclasses indented hereunder.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
81, Tools, subclass 3 for implements which cause rupture of
work by repeated bending.
164, Metal Founding, subclass 263 for continuous casting and
breaking apparatus.
Subclass:
93.5
This subclass is indented under subclass 93. Device which
includes means to perform the operation of this class by
abruptly changing the temperature of a portion of the work.
(1) Note. Device herein breaks the work, at least in part,
by causing internal stresses to be built up within the
workpiece along the line at which severance is to occur.
(2) Note. Many of the devices herein sever very brittle
material such as glass.
Subclass:
94
This subclass is indented under subclass 93. Devices which
include a tool which partially or completely severs so
separates by an operation which is not a breaking operation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
7 for devices in which the nonbreaking cutter is a fixed
edge against which the work is manually forced.
Subclass:
95
This subclass is indented under subclass 94. Devices
comprising two tools, one being keen-edged and one being
relatively blunt, and mechanism to (1) initially engage the
work with the keen-edged tool to start a cut along a line of
separation, (2) remove the keen-edged tool and move the blunt
tool into the cut, and (3) cause the relative movement of the
blunt tool and work to finish the separation.
Subclass:
96
This subclass is indented under subclass 94. Devices in which
a nonbreaking tool partially separates the product from the
work, as by perforating or scoring, or otherwise provides a
line of lesser strength, which line intersects or coincides
with a line of separation effected by the breaking means.
(1) Note. The preliminary weakener may be of a type not
classified, per se, in this class; as for example, a cutting
torch, a milling tool or a scoring device. Such tools in
combination with a breaking device have been classified here
because such other tool has been considered to effect a
necessary or desirable preparation of the work for the
breaking operation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
2 for corresponding methods.
95 for devices which initially contact the work with a sharp
tool to begin a line of separation and complete a severance
by a dull tool, which dull tool may be a breaking tool.
Subclass:
96.5
This subclass is indented under subclass 96. Devices wherein
the breaking means includes means to apply pressure to a
workpiece in a zone offset from a line of separation in order
to rotate one portion of the workpiece with respect to
another about the said line.
(1) Note. Included herein are patents to apparatus for
scoring and breaking glass.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
83, Cutting, subclasses 879+ for machines for, and
processes of scoring material. See the collection of "Search
Notes" under subclass 879 for other classes providing for
scoring of material.
Subclass:
97
This subclass is indented under subclass 93. Devices which
include more than one breaking or tearing tool.
(1) Note. The patents collected here have either (a) plural
tools which contact separate parts of the work to break the
work in a plurality of places, or (b) plural tools which
break the work on the same line of separation in a series of
operations.
Subclass:
98
This subclass is indented under subclass 93. Devices in which
the work is continuously fed to the breaking means, which
means changes the direction of work movement and thereby
effects separation.
(1) Note. The work is usually weakened, as by scoring,
transverse to the direction of feed, and the separation is
effected along these weakened lines.
Subclass:
99
This subclass is indented under subclass 98. Devices which
include means to direct different parts of the moving work in
different directions to thereby break or tear the work at the
point where the direction changes.
Subclass:
100
This subclass is indented under subclass 93. Devices in which
means are provided to grip the work on opposite sides of the
portion which is to be severed, comprising two sets of
gripping elements; and in which each set of elements is
caused to impart movement to the work in a different
direction or at a different speed than the movement imparted
to the work by the other set of elements, so as to stress the
work beyond its yield point and thereby sever it between said
two sets of elements.
(1) Note. Included in this subclass are patents wherein the
work is moved in a single direction by a plurality of feed
roll pairs, which pairs are driven at different speeds to
stress the work between the pairs of rolls.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
72, Metal Deforming, subclass 205 for a rolling-mill which
includes means to tension the work, subclasses 274+ for a
drawing apparatus which pulls work through a die, subclass
302 for the stretching of work between and by means to end
clamps, subclass 392 for means to stretch work by relatively
receding work-engaging tool faces, and subclass 395 for means
to stretch flat work by using paired coplanar tool-faces
engaging the work face and moving in opposite directions.
73, Measuring and Testing, subclasses 826+ and 856+ for
gripping devices for determining tensile strength of
material.
Subclass:
101
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Devices wherein
each set of gripping elements comprises a pair of closable
jaws.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
24, Buckles, Buttons, Clasps, etc., appropriate subclasses
for a single clamp disclosed for use in breaking or tearing.
Subclass:
-2
102.
This subclass is indented under subclass 93. Devices which
have means for holding immobile a portion of the work and
rotating an adjacent portion about a generally longitudinal
axis of the work to effect severing by a torsional force.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
83, Cutting, subclass 199 for similar devices which sever by
applying a rotary shearing force to the work.
Subclass:
103
This subclass is indented under subclass 93. Devices which
include a work contacting tool which applies stress to the
work at the desired line of severance, as by bending the work
about such line, and means to move the tool into contact with
the work, either at such line or remote therefrom.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
144, Woodworking, subclass 193.1 for a device for splitting
wood by means of a wedge.
Subclass:
104
This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Devices which
include two rests with an interval therebetween, against
which rests the work is placed, and in which the tool is
moved to contact the work between the said rests.
Subclass:
105
This subclass is indented under subclass 104. Devices in
which the spaced supports are provided with means to grip and
hold the work while the tool is contacting the work.
Subclass:
106
This subclass is indented under subclass 93. Devices wherein
there is provided a device which contacts a portion of the
work to (a) prevent movement of the contacted portion or (b)
constrains the work for movement in a particular path, so
that when the work is pulled a stress will be created which
will effect a severance of the work at a weakened portion.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 100+ for devices to restrain a portion of a web
and pull another portion of the web to break or tear the web
between the restrained and pulled portions.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
226, Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length, subclass 195
for means to place tension on material of
indeterminate-length, where severing is not claimed.
242, Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding, subclasses 410+ for
means; e.g., a brake, to apply tension to an elongated
material.
Information Products Division -- Contacts
Questions regarding this report should be directed to:
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
Information Products Division
PK3- Suite 441
Washington, DC 20231
tel: (703) 306-2600
FAX: (703) 306-2737
email: oeip@uspto.gov
Last Modified: 6 October 2000