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READ AND REMOVE THIS PAGE BEFORE PLACING
THE SPECIFICATION SECTION IN THE CONTRACT

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DIVISION 9:  FINISHES

SECTION 09930 ‑ TRANSPARENT FINISHES

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            *                 NOTICE TO DESIGNER!!                *
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            *       THIS SPECIFICATION MUST BE MODIFIED TO        *
            *       COMPLY WITH STATE OR LOCAL REQUIREMENTS       *
            *            WHEN THEY ARE MORE STRINGENT             *
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USE:	Application of oil base wood stain. 

NOTES TO SPECIFIER:

	A.	Options within paragraphs are identified by enclosure in brackets; blank spaces enclosed by brackets [_____] provide for information to be inserted, as appropriate, to individual projects.

	B.	TO AVOID CONFLICTING REQUIREMENTS AND COSTLY MISTAKES, the specifier must edit (delete, substitute or add to the text).  The remaining paragraphs must be renumbered.

	C.	DELETE FOR FINAL COPY: Notes to the Specifier, located between lines of asterisks; all [brackets], underlining, boldface, and italics, within the paragraphs; and this page.  (Open Reveal Codes [alt F3] to do this accurately.)

	D.	To Edit “(Footer B)”: (Corel 8).  ENTIRE FOOTER SHOULD BE BOLDED.  Click in the footer and delete the “Project Name (ftr B)” text and replace it with the Name of the Project (upper and lower case).  Replace date with current MM/YY (WITHOUT BRACKETS).

	E.	The Guide Specifications are intended to be continuously reviewed and revised.  User’s technical comments are appreciated.  Also, other related or similar specification that are written “from scratch” that could benefit others, or other questions can be sent to NSTC A/E Group, ST 110, or call (303) 987-6868.

DRAWING DATA REQUIRED: 

REQUIRED SPEC MODIFICATIONS:

GENERAL NOTES

A.	Whenever entire articles, paragraphs, or subparagraphs are not applicable, the articles, paragraphs, or subparagraphs should be deleted; when necessary, reletter or renumber articles, paragraphs, or subparagraphs.

B.	THIS GUIDE IS NOT INTENDED AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR READING THE ENTIRE SECTION.

TECHNICAL NOTES

A.	1.1B:  Select or add applicable specification sections.  Do not list specification sections from Division 9.

B.	1.2:  Select or add applicable references.  

C.	1.3:  Select applicable specification sections.

D.	1.3B:  Insert number of the manufacturer's descriptive data required.  Normally 5 copies are required.  Distribution after review is normally 1 copy to the COR, 3 copies to the Contractor, and 1 copy to the project file.

E.	1.3C:  Insert number of copies of the manufacturer's application required.  Normally 5 copies are required.  Distribution after review is normally 1 copy to the COR, 3 copies to the Contractor, and 1 copy to the project file.

F.	1.3D:  Insert number of copies of Certificates of Conformance required.  Normally 3 copies are required.  Distribution after review is normally 1 copy to the COR, 1 copy to the Contractor, and 1 copy to the project file.

G.	1.3E:  Select applicable phrases.  Insert number of samples required.  Normally 2 samples are required.  Distribution after review is normally 1 sample to the COR, and 1 sample to the Contractor.

H.	1.7A:  Insert and select appropriate wording.  The number and size of containers will depend on size of job and severity of use and exposure.

I.	2.1A:  Select color if drawings are not used or delete color selection when drawings are attached.

J.	2.1B:  Insert and select appropriate wording.

K.	2.1C:  Insert and select appropriate wording.

L.	3.8B:  Select number of coats.  1 coat of semitransparent stain is usually adequate for exterior and interior applications.  For more sever exterior applications 2 coats of semi-transparent (or preservative stain) may be required.  Interior surfaces such as doors and trim require 2 coats of varnish.  Other surfaces, such as paneling usually require no varnish over the stain coating.  However, when extreme conditions exist 1 coat of varnish may be needed to protect paneling or other wood surfaces.

M.	4.1 and 4.2:  When a "lump sum" contract is used, delete the title Part 4:  MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT, and both articles from this section.  Measurement and payment will be addressed in Part 4 of Section 01010.

REVISIONS OF THIS SECTION:
CSI format, editorial changes: 12/01
Metric:  
Technical Update: 05/90

SECTION 09930

TRANSPARENT FINISHES

PART l:  GENERAL

1.1  SUMMARY:

	A.	Section Includes:  Furnishing and installing solid and semi transparent oil base wood stain finish. 

1.2  REFERENCES:

	A.	Federal Specifications:
	Fed. Spec. TT-F-336E		Filler, Wood Paste
	Fed. Spec. TT-S-708A(2)		Stain, Oil Semi-Transparent, Wood, Exterior
	Fed. Spec. TT-S-711C		Stain, Oil Type, Wood, Interior
	Fed. Spec. TT-V-85C(1)		Varnish, Oil, Low Sheen, Brush or Spray Application
	Fed. Spec. TT-V-121H		Varnish, Spar, Water Resisting

1.3  SUBMITTALS:

	A.	General:  Submittals shall be according to [Section 01300 - Submittals] [and] [Section 01365 - Certificates of Conformance].

	B.	Manufacturer's Literature:  Submit [____] copies of the manufacturer's descriptive data for the stain and coatings to be used on this project.  

	C.	Application Instructions:  Submit [____] copies of the manufacturer's application instructions for the stain and coatings to be used on this project.

	D.	Certificates of Conformance:  Submit [____] copies of written certification from the manufacturer of the contractor-furnished stain and coatings to be used on this project that they conform to the requirements of this specification section. 

	E.	Samples:  Submit three 6 inch x 6 inch samples of each [color] [and] [pattern] [style] of [__________] [the following items] to be used on this project.  Samples shall be [__________.]  [Samples shall be actual material and] [colors required] [the full range of colors required.]  [Furnish [____] copies of the manufacturer's standard color chart for color selection.]  [Stain] [Finish] [shall be on the same base material as required in this specification.]

1.4  QUALITY ASSURANCE:

	A.	Failure criteria: Not limited to the following:

	1.	Chipping, flaking, excessive fading or chalking or peeling of the finish.

	B.	Applicator Qualifications:  The firm engaged for work under this Section shall, upon request, furnish in writing, its qualifications attesting to past satisfactory experience in painting work of not less than the scope of this project.  Only qualified journeymen shall apply the specified stains; apprentices may be employed on the project to work under the direction of qualified journeymen, according to trade regulations.

	C.	Manufacturer Qualifications:  A company regularly engaged in the manufacture of wood finishing materials conforming to standards referenced in this specification. 

1.5  DELIVERY, STORAGE AND HANDLING:

	A.	Delivery:  Materials shall be delivered to the job site in sealed, original, labeled containers, each bearing manufacturer's name, type of stain, varnish and preservative brand name, color designation and instructions.

	B.	Storage:  Store materials at a minimum ambient temperature of 45 degrees F in a well-ventilated and heated designated area or areas.  Protect from freezing.  Take necessary measures to prevent fire hazards and spontaneous combustion.  Where toxic materials, including both toxic and explosive solvents are used, take appropriate precautions as a regular procedure, conforming to the manufacturer' instructions and to the requirements of the applicable safety regulatory agencies.

1.6  ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS:

	A.	Weather Conditions:  Exterior work on unprotected surfaces shall not be done when it is raining or moisture from any other source is present, or expected before applied stains can dry or attain proper cure.  Allow surfaces wetted by rain or other moisture source to dry and to attain temperatures and condition specified before proceeding or continuing with coating application.

	B.	Temperatures: 
	1.	General:  Except as noted, do no coating work when temperatures on the surface or of the air in the vicinity of the work are below 40 degrees F or below those temperatures recommended by the manufacturer for the material type used.  For exterior work, the minimum temperatures shall be not less than 50 degrees F nor more than 85 degrees F UNLESS specifically approved in writing by the Contracting Officer.

	2.	Temporary Heat:  When temporary heat is required for exterior work at or above minimum temperatures specified, provide the approved temporary heat or delay work until minimum surface and air temperatures exist for the specified time period.  Unless otherwise specified, maintain temporary heat for exterior work to achieve temperatures above the specified minimum for 24 hours before and after coating application.

1.7  MAINTENANCE:

A.	Extra Materials:  Furnish [____] properly labeled and sealed [quart] [gallon] containers of each type of finish coat of each color taken from the batch mix furnished for the work.

PART 2:  PRODUCTS

2.1  MATERIALS:

	A.	General:  Stains shall be factory mixed.  Field mix coatings in paste or powder form are not allowed.  Stain material shall be applied full strength; thinning is not allowed.  Color[s] shall be [__________] [as shown in Section 09999-Color Schedule].  [Refer to drawings for stain types and location].  All products shall conform to standards referenced in this specification.

	B.	Stain, [Semi Transparent] [and] [Solid Color]:  Oil-based factory-formulated with natural linseed oil vehicle and high-quality, micro-milled pigments.  Exterior stain shall conform to Fed. Spec. TT-S-708; interior stain shall conform to Fed. Spec. TT-S-711.

	C.	Preservative Stain, [Semi Transparent] [and] [Solid Color]:  Oil based stain factory-formulated with natural linseed oil and high quality, micro-milled pigments.  This product will contain 0.5% TBTO (tributyl tin-oxide), a preservative, and 0.5% Folpet (trichloromethyl thophthalimide), a mildewcide, or phenyl-mercury-oleate or equal as a rot and fungus growth preventative.  No creosote products are allowed.

	D.	Interior Varnish:  Clear interior satin varnish as recommended by stain manufacturer conforming to Fed. Spec. TT-V-85.

	E.	Exterior Varnish:  Clear exterior gloss varnish as recommended by stain manufacturer conforming to Fed. Spec. TT-V-121.

	F.	Clear Wood Preservative:  A clear, water-repellent wood preservative product with extra mildewcide and fungicide in a natural linseed oil vehicle as recommended by stain manufacturer.

	G.	Interior Wood Sealer for Stain:  An interior penetrating sealer for use prior to a semi-transparent stain application to minimize blotching and grain raise and maximize moisture control as recommended by stain manufacturer.

PART 3:  EXECUTION

3.1  EXAMINATION:

	A.	Verification of Conditions:  Do not proceed until discovered defects such as cracks and other surface imperfections have been corrected and surfaces are acceptable to receive the specified products.

3.2  PREPARATION OF NEW SURFACES:

	A.	General:  Prepare surfaces to receive scheduled work as set forth below.  Where mildew is evident, remove it by scrubbing with a solution of 1 cup non-ammoniated detergent and one quart of household bleach dissolved in 3 quarts warm water.  Rinse thoroughly with clear water.  Where mildew growth is particularly severe, apply a solution of 50% bleach and 50% water.  Leave the solution on the affected areas for 10-15 minutes before thoroughly rinsing.  CAUTION:  These are potentially harmful materials.  Follow manufacturer' precautions.  Wear protective clothing, eye goggles and rubber gloves.

	B.	Unfinished wood and plywood:  Remove pencil marks, grade stamps, discoloration, dirt or other contamination and loose wood fibers by sanding and brushing.  The surface shall be clean and dry.  Wood moisture content maximum 12% when measured by acceptable moisture meter.

	C.	Surfaces:  Shall be thoroughly dry before applying stain.

3.03  PREPARATION OF EXISTING SURFACES:

	A.	General:  On existing finished surfaces to be refinished, remove all loose, blistered, or cracked finish to bare substrate.  Where new work joins existing work prepare existing surfaces extending to the nearest break in the plane.  Wash surfaces, with detergent and water or other solution as required to remove any accumulated dirt, oil, grease, or other foreign matter which would impair bond or bleed through new finishes.  After washing, rinse with water and allow to dry thoroughly.  Where mildew is evident, remove it as described in this specification.

	B.	Method:  To remove loose prior coating, use methods such as scraping, wire brushing, or high-pressure water blasting.  When scraping or wire brushing, rinse thoroughly.  Sand smooth or feather all rough edges.

	C.	Painted Surfaces:  Lightly sand or etch glossy surfaces.

	D.	Surfaces:  Shall be thoroughly dry before applying stain.

	E.	Prefinished Surfaces:  Bare wood which has been exposed by cleaning, shall be primed as recommended by stain manufacturer.

3.4  APPLICATION:

	A.	General:  All coatings are to be applied in according to the manufacturer's written instructions.  Prior to use and during application, thoroughly mix coating materials to assure a continual and equal balance of all ingredients.  Apply stain or finish by methods generally accepted by the trade to achieve approved results.  Sand lightly between coats to achieve required finish.  Do not apply finishes on surfaces that are not sufficiently dry.  Make sure each coat of finish is dry and hard before a following coat is applied unless the manufacturer's directions state otherwise.  Where applicable, tint filler to match stain when clear interior finishes are specified.  Work filler well into grain and, before it has set, working perpendicularly to the grain, wipe the excess from the surface.

	B.	New Exterior Wood Surfaces: 
	1.	Wood Doors and Windows and Trim:  After doors are fit to frames, but prior to their installation by other trades, apply two coats of stain or clear wood preservative to top, bottom, and edges of each door.  After windows and sash are fit to their frames, but before installation by other trades, prime ends and edges normally concealed with one coat of clear wood preservative.  Clear wood preservative shall be recommended or approved by stain manufacturer.  Backprime all trim.  Apply finish coats.  When scheduled apply exterior gloss varnish after stain has dried for 2 days minimum.  Varnish shall be approved by stain manufacturer.

	2.	All Other Wood Surfaces:  Prime and backprime with finish coat, faces, edges and ends prior to installation by other trades.  Apply finish coats.

	C.	New Interior Wood Surfaces:
	1.	Wood Doors and Windows and Trim:  After doors are fit to frames, but prior to their installation by other trades, apply two coats of stain or clear wood preservative to top, bottom, and edges of each door.  After windows and sash are fit to their frames, but before installation by other trades, prime ends and edges normally concealed with one coat of clear wood preservative.  Backprime all trim.  Clear wood preservative shall be recommended or approved by stain manufacturer.  Apply finish coats.  When scheduled apply interior satin varnish after stain has dried for 2 days minimum.  Varnish shall be approved by stain manufacturer.

	2.	All Other Wood Surfaces:  When scheduled or recommended by stain manufacturer apply one coat of interior wood sealer.  Sealer shall be approved by stain manufacturer.  Sand lightly and allow sealer to cure before applying stain.  Apply finish coats.

	D.	Finish Coats:  All finish coats of stain and varnish shall be as scheduled in this specification. 

	E.	Methods:
	1.	Brushing:  Use a high-quality natural bristle brush.  In all brushing, maintain a wet edge to avoid lap marks.  On horizontal siding, begin at one edge of several board and apply the coating all the way across to a logical break, such as a door, window, other trim, or corner.  On vertical siding, begin at the top of several boards and work down.  When brushing, work the material into the surface for maximum durability.

	2.	Brush Pad:  Use a high-quality brush pad and special tray or container.  In all brushing maintain a wet edge to avoid lap marks.  On horizontal siding, begin at one edge of several boards and apply the coating all the way across to a logical break, such as a door, window, other trim, or corner.  On vertical siding, begin at the top of several boards and work down.  Do not use a brush pad on an extremely rough surface.

	3.	Rolling:  Can be used for applying coatings to rough or resawn surfaces only.  Use medium- or deep-pile rollers on rough surfaces.  (Do not use roller application to apply Oil Stains to smooth surfaces.)

	4.	Dipping:  Only rough surfaces receiving semi-transparent stain shall be dipped.  Apply stain or preservative by dipping so that more of the coating or preservative chemicals are absorbed.  Submerge lumber completely in the stain or preservative for a short time.  Then allow to drain and dry.  Dry each piece of lumber without any object touching the surface to be exposed.  During dipping operation frequently stir the stain to keep thoroughly mixed and assure an even color.

5.	Spraying.  Use either airless or conventional air atomizing high-pressure spraying equipment.  Take steps to ensure that an adequate amount of coating is applied to the surface.  Use a 40 degree to 60 degree fan angle.  Follow spray application of oil-based products with a dry brush or roller pass to ensure even distribution of the material over the surface and to force the coating into the wood surface.  Follow proper safety and health precautions during all spray applications.  The following is a guide only.  The experience of the operator, the equipment being used, and the surface will have an impact on the final selection of the orifice size and pressure.

	a.  Airless Spray	
	(1)  Semi-Transparent Oil Stain, Stain/Preservative
     	Fluid Pressure:  500 to 1,100 P.S.I.
     	Orifice Size:  0.011 to 0.013

	(2)  Solid Color Oil Base Stain, Primer
 		 	     	Fluid Pressure: 1,500 to 2,000 P.S.I.
     	Orifice Size:  0.013 to 0.015

	b.  Conventional Air Atomization
	(1)  Semi-Transparent Stain, Stain/Preservative
    	     	Fluid Pressure:  25 to 30 P.S.I.		
         	Atomizing Air Pressure:  30 to 40 P.S.I.
        	 		Orifice Size:  0.040 to 0.052
        	 		Air Nozzle Air Rate:  12 to 14 CFM to 50 P.S.I.

(2)  Solid Color Oil Base Stain, Primer
 	Fluid Pressure:  25 to 30 P.S.I.
 	Atomizing Air Pressure:  30 to 40 P.S.I.
 	Orifice Size:  .052 to .086
 	Air Nozzle Air Rate:  12 CFM to 14 CFM at 50 P.S.I.

		6.	Machine Staining System:  Apply products to all lumber using offsite machine staining systems operated by a mechanic who has been approved or trained by the machine manufacturer.

3.5  FIELD QUALITY CONTROL:

	A.	General:  Obvious discrepancies in color rendition shall be the basis for rejection and restaining or replacement of the members.  

3.6  CLEANING:

	A.	General:  As the work proceeds and on completion of the work, promptly remove all paint where spilled, splashed or splattered in a manner as not to damage the surface from which it is removed.  During the progress of the work, keep the premises free from an unnecessary accumulation of tools, equipment, surplus materials and debris resulting from the work under this section.  At the conclusion of the work, leave the premises neat and clean.

	B.	Applicator Cleaning:  Brushes, rollers, and other tools, shall be cleaned with mineral spirits as recommended by coating manufacturer.

3.7  PROTECTION: 

	A.	General:  Protect other surfaces from coatings and damage caused by this work.  Repair damage caused by failure to provide suitable protection.

	B.	Drop Cloths:  Provide sufficient drop cloths, shields and protective equipment to prevent spray or drippings from fouling surfaces not being coated including surfaces within the storage and preparation areas.

	C.	Removal of Flammable Rubbish:  Place cotton waste, cloths and material which may constitute a fire hazard in closed metal containers and remove from the site daily.

3.8  SCHEDULES:

	A.	Coverage Schedule:  Apply stain to surfaces at rates recommended by the coating manufacturer.  The following rates should be considered maximums.
	1.	Smooth Wood:  250 sq. ft. per gallon
	2.	Rough Wood:  150 sq. ft. per gallon

	B. 	Coating Schedule:  Listed below is a schedule of the finish coats required:
	1.	Semi-Transparent Oil Stain:  
	a.  Exterior surfaces [___] coat[s]
	b.  Interior surfaces [___] coat[s]
	2.	Solid Color Oil Stain:  1 coat
	3.	Preservative Stain:  [___] coat[s]
	4.	Interior Varnish [___] coat[s]
	5. 	Exterior Varnish:  2 coats

PART 4:  MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT

4.1  METHOD OF MEASUREMENT:

	A.	Units:  The work described in this section will not be measured for payment.

4.2  BASIS OF PAYMENT:

	A.	Payment:  No direct payment for the work described under this section will be made.  The Contractor shall include consideration for this item in the bid price for other items of the Contract.

END OF SECTION

TRANSPARENT FINISHES
[12/01]
Project Name (ftr B)