(Dictated 13 January 1965, mnc) DIARY NOTES Gorgas Memorial Institute Meeting of Executive Committee with General Streit, John Parks, Maurice Thatcher, Louis -Williams, and F. L. Soper, on 12 January 1.965. Discussion of dedication date for the Raml InsectqrJ at Gorgas. Date proposed, about February 15. It is suggested that Champ Lyons might be the speaker. Champ Lyons, however, is to be in Panama during the first week of March, with the Defense group of consultants under the auspices of Shirley Fisk. The proposal was made that the date should be set to agree with the meeting of this committee in Panama, I discuss the origins of the Gorgas Memorial Institute and the Gorgas Memorial Laboratory and point out that basically, from a legal point of view, the situation of the Gorgas Memorial Institute is ideal at the present time. It is in a position to do anything it wants to do, any place in the world, with any government, group of governments, or institutions, the only limitations being limitations of money and of adequately trained personnel. Governor Thatcher has to be gently informed once more that he is the only individual member of the Committee anxious to have a metal plate with the names of the officers of the GM1 on it on the laboratory building inaugurated two years ago. Conversation with Robert Briggs inlatson of the Rockefeller Foundation Dr. Watson telephones to get any suggestions I may have as to some individual who could become his understudy on the problems of schistosomiasis. The Rockefeller Foundation, in making a decision to go into schistosomiasis on a serious scale over a period of years, asked Dr. Watson, with his international experience, to undertake the initial period of establishing a program. RBW has only one more year which he wants to give to active service, but is hard put to it for a properly qualified individual to carry on. (RBW is considering Pat Owens, engineer, but is not certain he can convince Owens of the desir- ability of this project. Other candidates are being sought.) RBW calls particularly to ask regarding the hookworm techniques being used back in the early 1920's. It seems that the reports of hookworm programs in Santa Lucia for the period 1913 or 1914 to 1923 do not describe adequately the manner in which stool examinations were made. (App arently the reports on file in the Rockefeller Foundation, which closed out its service in Santa Lucia in 1923, failed to give any indication of the existence of schistosomiasis on the island. The first infection found in Santa Lucia occurred very shortly afterwards, at a point which became known as a focal point of schistosomiasis infection before it spread over the entire island.) 2 DIARY NOTES (Dictated 13 January 1965) I point our to RBW that the flotation method which was devised by Willis was not available in 1920 and hence could not have been responsible for the failure to find schistosome eggs previous to that time. I indicate that by a straight smear method a 28 per cent infes- tation of schistosomiasis was found in certain areas of Pernambuco in 1920, with the period of examination limited to the time necessary to find the first hookworm 'egg in an area where the hookdorm infestation rate was approximately 95 per cent. Considering the size and charac- teristic shape of the schistosome egg, it seems probable that the nega- tive evidence contained in the RF reports rather definitely indicates that schistosomiasis was not present at that time, at least in the populations examined. RBW says that the Foundation is establishing its headquarters for schistosomiasis work at Harvard (Thomas Weller) and is consideri% utilizing the island of Santa Lucia as its initial experimental demon- stration field area* RB'f1 offers to send me certain diaries he brought back from Brazil for the Rockefeller Foundation which apparently,are duplicates of diaries on file with the r'oundation. Learning that RBW is here for a library meeting with Cummings, Wegman, and others, to discuss the NIM collaboration in a regional library for Latin America, I give RBW a run-down of the present situa- tion of the Gorgas Memorial Institute and the Gorgas Memorial Labora- tory, and indicate to him that the GM1 represents an opportunity to work through a private organization which was created to -work through- out Latin America, with the added advantage of its geographical location at a central point with good transportation facilities in every direction. FL3 NOTES--January 14, 1965 World Health Assembly--l969 Learning that Dr. Frechette is considering the possibility of getting the State of Massachusetts to invite the World Health Assembly to meet in Boston for its centenary celebration, JW gives all details of costs and methods of extending invitation and sugi;ests as a substi- tute possibility the holding of the Pan American Health Organization's meeting in the fall with the APHA meeting. U,S.-Japanese Health Cooperation in Asia During the recent discussions here between the Prime Minister (Sato) and the President of the United States, various fields of collaboration have been discussed; apparently, health is one of these fields in which collaboration has been mentioned for the United States ahd Japan in the development of programs for the Western Pacific. I learned that two programs which have been mentioned to the representa- tive of the White House (Moyers) are: (1) populatFon control as a health measure, and (2) development of programs for finishing the tuberculosis problem. In the past the medical and public health professions have dodged the issue of what to do about over-population. Part of this dodging has probably been due to the fact that there is no standard for under- population nor for over-population. 'The physician is able in many cases to determine when the individual mother and even the individual family has too many children, but no one yet has real experience in determining when the community has more individuals than it should have. How can the decision be made for a country or an area? Should the public health officer, on the basis of health considerations learned, be called upon to make a diagnosis for the community? Also the physician can make recommendations for methods of birth control for the individual, but how can one make recommendations of methods for a community when many factors other than scientific values do come into play? It is interesting that population should be one of the problems discussed since it is known that Japan has done a tremendous job in reducing the birth rate in that country between the late 194Ols and 1960's by at least SO per cent, Japan, in facing up to its population problems, may very well have an interest in knowing that other countries in the region are doing likewise. The situation with regard to tuberculosis in Japan is an interest- ing one. 'The United States Army of Occupation is reported to have found a tuberculosis death rate of about 195 in 1946. General Sans is reported to have developed a considerable program for the application 2 FIS NOTES--January 14, 1965 of HCG with notable results in the reduction of incidence of deaths from this disease. Whether this reduction in deaths was in fact due to RCG or was due to causes similar to that operating in countries where BCG was not used is uncertain, but in any case when I was in Japan about 1955 the death rate from tuberculosis had dropped to somewhere in the neighborhood of 60. As the reduction in tuberculosis proceeds, we eventually come to the point where the problem must be faced by the entire nation, since at some point along the line eradication does become possible, at least as a long-term objective. It is obvious that eradication could become a short-term objective with the development of a drug capable of steril- izing the individual case and guaranteeing against future endogenous infection. But the speed with which transmission is being suppressed in the younger age groups in the United States is not generally realized even by workers in this field. JW reports that of 5,000 children with routine admissions into Children's Hospital in Washington, D.C. last year, only seven were found to have active tuberculosis and three of these were previously registered cases. It is obvious that with the pressures building up from eradication programs in California, in Texas, in Tennessee, and in Minnesota, that within the foreseeable future there will be a national organization in this country. It is obvious that we need to work for better methodology! As J11\1 puts it, for weapon system development! We must develop an eradicant capable of eradicating infection within the individual case. There is also urgent need to study more fully the immunology of tuberculosis with the hope of developing a vaccine which will not make useless the tuberculin test for survey work in the identification of infected individuals. (Further information indicates that the United States may not be presenting the population problem for discussion with the Japanese authorities.) Tuberculosis is a disease of the underprivileged! The war on poverty will undoubtedly result in a considerable renewed interest in the solution of the tuberculosis problem. Research in tuberculosis-- if it results in better therapy and better immunization--may very well lead to improvement of methodology for the eradication of leprosy. It is obvious that Okinawa must have been a question of discussion between Sato and LBJ. Filariasis is one of the problems the Marines encountered in Okinawa; it was also an important problem in other Trust Territories where considerable advance had been made in its control when the handling of Trust Territories was taken from the Navy, with 3 FLS NOTES--January 111, 1965 its easy transportation facilities from island to island, and turned over to the Department of the Interior. Filariasis eradication in the Pacific islands is of course a possible point of future programs, since. among those who got this disease as members of the Armed Forces of the United States were certain individuals who are now in the United States Congress. Eradication of Aedes aegypti Alan Donaldson gave a paper this evening at the inlashington Tropical Medicine Society on "The Impact of Aedes aegypti Eradication in the United States on Laboratory Studies Wmh&s, Mosquito." AD gave a very clear presentation of the problem and the discussions which have been held up to the present time at the insistence of the laboratories concerned. He indicated that everybody is being given a chance to be heard and that many committee meetings are being held before the Surgeon General is being asked to make a decision. From the discussion which followed Donaldson's presentation, it is obvious that there is a considerable amount of emotion tied up to the solution of this problem. The very factcrs which make the Aedes mosquito aegypti so difficult to eradicate, namely its easy adawon to life in artificial containers, are the ones which have caused such a tremendous amount of laboratory research to be carried out on this one mosquito. Al.Lhough at certain times during th e evening questions were raised as to why eradication is necessary, I felt no inclination to take part in the discussion; Donaldson was doing a beautiful job on his own behalf. The very fact that this type of meeting was possible and was held this evening is a significant comment on the progress which has been made since 1947, when the Pan American Health Organization made its initial commitment to the eradication of aegypti in the PIestern Hemisphere. (Dictated 15 January 1965, mnc) DIARY NOTES Gorgas Memorial Laboratory In calling Clifford Pease to inquire about the program for David McKenzie's visit to Washington, I learned that CP is to be in Panama for two or three days beginning tomorrow. He has scheduled a visit to the Gorgas Memorial Laboratory as well as MARU. The object of his visit is to look into MARU as a place for the develop- ment of career officers for the Public Health Service. During the conversation I learned that CP has been considered recently as a director of MARU, for the purpose of developing this as an international laboratory collaborating with a number of Latin American countries. (CP turned down this suggestion largely because of his lack of research experience, feeling that he could never be fully integrated as director without having a more technical background. CP also is not enthusiastic about becoming involved in a scientific program which would be operating for political purposes. CP turned down the proposal and is accepting a position with the International Population Council, working with Balfour.) I also learned that Karl Johnson is a brilliant young man of about 30 who is not enchanted with the responsibilities of the directorship of MARU which he is exercising on a temporary basis. I tell CP that I have heard very excellent reports of KJ and that I believe it should be possible to develop more easily under the Gorgas banner the type of international epidemiological research work which Karl Johnson is eminently qualified to do, During the conversation I learned that CP has a long-standing personal relationship with Jack Vaughn, the present Ambassador of the United States in Panama. I take advantage of the situation to point out to CP that the Gorgas Memorial is the one U.S. project in Panama which has not been in difficulties during the political crises of the past several years, and that the American Ambassador might be interested in further developing this mutually beneficial program. During the discussion I go so far as to suggest that the MARU and Gorgas Memorial Laboratory activities should be fused, in the belief that the United States can get more mileage by developing Gorgas as an international institution than it can by proceeding to maintain a labo- ratory in the Canal Zone in the same way it maintains the laboratory in Hamilton, Montana. The Cholera Research Laboratory, Pakistan During the conversation CP, who himself was a very important factor in getting the Cholera Research Laboratory established and who was equally important in getting the change in administrative set-up approved by the State Department in 1961, gave me something of the background of the initiation of this project. 2 DIARY NOTES (15 January 1965) It seems that a State Department officer by the name of Conroy was instrumental in helping Captain Phillips get approval for the development of NAMRU at Taipei. Some years later (1958>, when Phillips went to Bangkok because of the outbreak of cholera, he found Conroy there. As a result of this second contact, plans were developed for a medical research laboratory to be established in Bangkok. After considerable discussion this plan came up for approval by AID, involv- ing the spending of 200,000 dollars for the construction of a laboratory in Bangkok and 200,000 dollars for equipment. Pease, who was with AID at that time, in charge of activities for the Far East, could not get support for continued assistance to a medical research laboratory in Bangkok and rejected the proposal. The diplomats in the State Department were not happy with this decision. Under their stimulation, Pease called Smadel and Edsall and asked what could be done with 400,000 dollars which was available from 1957 funds in developing a cholera program. This resulted in a special cholera committee meeting in January 1959 at which time only the financing of studies in the United States was recommended. This was rejected by AID, which was willing to consider the possibility of financing certain studies in this country in support of an overseas program, but was unwilling to support an independent program here. This resulted in further discussions and eventually the visit to the cholera infected areas by the cholera committee about August 1959, with the eventual recommendation of a laboratory for Dacca rather than for Bangkok. (Dictated 25 Jarwary 1965) Mncusaion8 RocnrciinC CorCao Hrmorinl Inetituta-- Pnrt~TF&Ai.on In MC Xnvcsti@Aono, Scn El Canal Route On January 22nd I rccsivod a telophono call from Paul Streit, stntinf: that a letter frc)m Martin Young reported that Dr. R. S. Davidson of the IWtalle Memorial In&it&e of Columbus, CMo, had inquired If the CIZL is interested and willing to cooperate as sub-contractor in bio- medical work for the AEC. Hartin Young hnd cabled back declaring tbs interest and desire of Corgas to sub-contract biomedical studies In Panfwla. - It Beams the Tulane group under Patterson Is also being considered a8 the ~n-incipd contractor for this iIIvWt;igatLiOn. Streit had contacted Dr. Dunham of the AEC who is a member of the council of the GflI some weeks aSo, and aa a result had had Martin Young write to the Nevada operating-: office of the United States Atomic Energy Commission, P.O. Rex 1676, Las Vegas, Ncvntia. `Ihi. letter has now been onnwored, indicatiw that the ARC is solncting a contractor to manage the bio-environmental studies. This contractor will not participate in the fir3.d work but will adtinister the efforts of others who should. In dincuoaing this situation with JW, the question is raised as to whether the OIIL, which receives its major support from the U.S. Govern= ment, can legally operate under a contract to third partlea from another U.S. Oovernment agency. The question Is also r&Red ~8 to vhsthw Gorgaer should become involved In this type of contract at this stage in ita development. We discuss the poanibility of direct neptiation of contract with the AEC; advantageous pointa for Gorgas arer 1. The broad nature of the Charter of 1921, 2. The fact that this Charter ie registered under Eacritura No. 4 of December 2, 1921 In Panama. 3. Gorges operate8 under an agreement with Panama which hae become a law of the land by legislative action In 3.953. ir. Oorgas haa an adequate building and a new inaectarg in Panama itself. 5. Gorgae hae an International staff, with lane Ppnaplanian repreeentation. 6. Pam haa Senator Hill on its Boani of Directora. 2 FL9 W.lrry Notes, 25 Jamlary 1965 It may be too late ta got (lorgns partl.cipati.on as direct contractor on thi8 nince the request from &vidson came for acquier3cencs by January 20, 1965. htw in the day I got a copy of PLwtin Rnmgqs letter of Jmuary 19 and of' 'Phnlgott's letter from AN in Nevada. rtowral Streit asks mc to r;et, information from Hr. Simpson a8 to whom ho (:%reit) might call In the Bureau of the Budget to get 8pproval forwarded to Senator Hi.11~8 committee for action on this Congross's Ml1 511. (Sl.mpaon report8 thnt his delay in acting In this matter had been due to a failure of Carl Drown to return the dOCUInent8 sent to him. Hoports not hating recelvt?d Simpsonls docwent. This has now been cleared up ati Simpoon has forwa&od the documents which till be sub- mitted through the regular channels together with the budget going forward for the Service. There is nothing more for (lorgas to do on this at this time.) (lory;as McmoriCal Laboratory as a Plague Referonce Center for tho Western GxnI.sphcre In talking with Earl Chamberlayne today regarding the Corgas Memorial hboratory, ha reports that t,hcre has hr\en some discussion of a new loca- tion for the Plague Reference Laboratory which has been functioning for some years now at the Hoopnr Fntw3at;lon Laboratory in California. K. P. Mayor has been able to got le88 an4 less support for this activity at Hooper and feels that it will be discarded so soon as he severs his connection with that organization. K. F. and J. Watt have agreed that a centr81 plague advisory com- mittee nhould be ostablinhed and that a new center should be created. Panama la well situated for this responsibility sinca plague is nw known to exist in the United ,Stato8, In Mexico (confirmed last year in rOdQnt8--8ylVatiC in natUm), in Venezuela, in Ecuador, in I'WU, in Bolivia, in Brazil, and in Argentina. A plague reference center should be equipped for treining, should bs a ion;:-ten program, and should bs mndy to setice countries needing it a8 outbreaks occur and as endemic problems are being tackled. E.C. suggenta th8t Dr. Chon might be willing to leave Iloopor if and when plnguo ia taken off of the Hoopor progrmn. At the momont E.C. has no su~~:wtions regarding financing, but agroo8 that the Fan American Health Crgardzation should be a 8ource of funds on the grounds that It is reaponoible for this problsn in Iatin America. E.C. Indicates that the operation should be under the sponsorship of a 8JBCial plague co8w mlttee rather than of the Pan Amrlcan SnnitarJ Bureau itself. 3 FL? Mary Motm, 25 Jnmwy 1965 i(:.C. reports that MARU and Oorpm are now holding joint monthly tcchnhal mminar maatinfy . 1 point out thnt thora will eumly be enough work to be done for the AEC to occupy all of the personnel and activitiee of the Tulane group, MARU, and Gorgaa, but that I believe ~oq:ns is In the Strongest position to make the arrarqunents dth the Oovernmont and to glws general. supervision anl coordination to the activities. (17 November 1966) DIARY NOTES November 1966 Novennber 7 Arrived home after trip to San Francisco ard Wichita. November 8 Meeting of Gorgas Memorial Institute at which Admiral Galloway became President, succeeding General Paul Streit. November 9, 10, 31 Attended meetings of International Conference of Virologists at PAHO. November ti Income tax. Visit to Public Health Servzlce, with late visit to malaria conference at PAHO. November 1s9 16 Malaria conference at PAHO. Learn from Dr. Natalia Nicolaevna Dukhanina of the Institute of Tropi- cal Medicine and Parasitology of Martsinovsky that the Institute has a copy of Anopheles gambiae in Brazil, 1930-1940 which they use extensively for teaching purposes. Dr. Dukhanina regrets more copies are not available. I gave her a copy of the Portuguese companion volume, which has many more detailed data than are to be found in the English volume. Dr. F. de Tavel of the International Quarantine Division of WHO, Geneva, regrets the WHO has only one copy of The Organization of Permanent Nation-Wide Anti-Aedes Aegypti Measures in Brazil, since he finds it most useful but is unable to keen it out of the library more than a few days at a time. I tell him I gave idditional copies to J"ames Wright last year; finally I give Dr. de Tavel a personally inscribed copy. November 16 Luncheon discussion with Dr. Blood regarding the future of the Pan American Foot and Mouth Disease Center. It seems the IA-ECOSCC is anxious to get permanent stable financing for the Center outside of the Technical Cooperation Program of the OAS. Discussions have been held by OAS and PAHO, resulting in the proposal that PAHO become the governing body as well as the operating agency, but with budget and quota assessments separate from the regular PAHO budget. 2 Diary Notes, November 1966 17 November 1966 Working relationships would be maintained with the Ministries of Agri- culture by the Center itself working through the Zone and Country offices; additional agricultural influence would be stimulated by suggesting to governments that agricultural experts be included in the delegations to meetings of the PAHO governing bodies. An additional proposal is the convening of meetings of Ministries of Agriculture as appropriate to main- tain an effective cooperative relationship on Aftosa as well as other health matters related to agriculture. Rather definite recommendations for timing of the absorption of the Aftosa Center by PAHO provide for tertination of OAS financing as of June 30, 1969. During the malaria meetings, Dr. A. P. Ray, Director of the National Malaria Eradication Program of India, gave an interesting statement of the program for the development of world health services as a sequel to the malaria eradication program. The development in India has been just the reverse of the proposal of the Ninth Expert Committee on Malaria of WHO, which was still urging the development of rural health infrastructures as preliminary to malaria eradication. During the discussion Ray points out that I would have no way of know- ing it, but that the discussion of this matter in Rio at the International Congress on Tropical Diseases and Malaria in which I participated was in large part responsible for getting the support of the Minister of Health, Dr. Chedda, for this program. Drs. Jeffery and Kaiser report on fluorescent antibody reaction in malaria. FA has become a useful tool; it is positive when parasit#emi.a exists even without symptoms and for some time thereafter. This positive reaction eventually declims so that the individual who has previously had malaria may be difficult to identify positively. On the other hand, it has been established by testing the sera of ten girls who had malaria in the California outbreak of 1952, in parallel with the sera of ten girls who were not infected at that time, that definite group differences could still be found. 2 2 (26 April 1965, mm) FL3 DIARY NOTES April 19, 1965 I called Ben Blood to tell him about the smallpox situation in Brazil as related by Manoel F. Ferreira. According to MF, there is little need for the large-scale operation with material and logistics support (100 vehicles) being proposed by CDC for the support of small- pox vaccination in Brazil. The CDC project also calls for three full- time epidemiologists to be located in Brazil. This may be advisable and may be necessary but essentially my suggestion was that BB call on Ferreira and get from him the situation as seen from the local stand- point before going along with the other proposal being processed last week through the Office of International Health. Had a long session today with Dr. Stanhope Bayne-Jones regarding the International Cooperation Year health program. (SB-J says he is getting to be more of an eradicationist than Fred L. Soper.) After learning that B-J is proposing cooperation in the prevention (eradica- tion) of tropical disease, I point out once more that we need somebody or some group which can speak for the United States on eradication pro- grams and which can also speak to the United States Government from the standpoint of making recommendations. The difficulties of the United States position in this field are a multiplication of the difficulties which have been encountered in the case of malaria eradication. I try to steer SB-J to the field of specific problems, pointing out that eradication efforts should be directed to specific biological entities rather than to abstract concepts such as, for example, hunger. During the discussion SB-J said that Gorgas was always talking about making the tropics safe for the white man! (Now we should be , ready to make the tropics safe for the native of the tropics no matter what the color of skin may be.) In recent conversation with Kelly Calderwood, I learned there had been a misunderstanding between OIH and the State Department on the subject of WBAC. It seems Dr. Watt agreed to a version of the cancer agreement and initialed it for the representatives of other countries without having subjected it to the scrutiny of the State Department. When the showdown came Kelly feels he was made the goat in such a way as to undermine his standing with his own superiors in the State Depart- ment and now it seems that Watt is working more directly with the representatives of the State Department in the Finance Section rather than going to the Policy Section with which Kelly is connected. (In any case, Kelly anticipates early retirement and is looking for a suit- able academic connection for his declining years.) 3uly 228 L64ve DAL, PanAmerlcanAhwaye Ro.106, at19OOhoum. 3uly 23t Arrive London, attout 0800, tWiur&y. Spetxtso~r,hmrarle~ng at Skyway Hotelat experme of IrdimAlrmyo. b&v0 Lmiun, 1soo. Arriw$Xoscww, about 2030. CletixaRutel Ukmiartoolate fardinrmr, about 23OOh. J&y 24s Ix b't6~atiO~ c0!lgZ'OSS fOX')(iCZ'ObiOlOgJr OpTI6 at- fO8' oonp68808in tie Iremlln. Thl6 fmtitlo bullding 8eaQa mutt 6000 peopltt~ iill6 and aaaptle~ rapidlyj ha6 ftdly adequuti washroaa frcllitirsinaarble arrd prorilrlonoaupperfloor fc3rgiting(mllir3g)sandtiches anddrinkrto the nuimrow artmd tdthcmt too xuch omtlg &nd pnrhing. duly2Sr The openlngprogram,whichwa~ markedbpr onlyorm adver~o rtmaxic on the lnternatS.Ona oituatlm In the Far Ea6tl, was fcUtxo$ bp~ith6X"VZd fOZ?8tl?Ollfrlg &OUtthe blildiK# (6IPI~~dBtlO ~afand~~w~~airr)a~forpurchaslngrcrirrr~~nts onthe kop floor before sitting down too kautifklballetand danczs pro$rur. Tha progmm vu gtiJ it looked 80 6a6y that it must have bean quite dlffluult. iirrrt iaulotion I had of bdng invited to prosant a paper on eradioatiou hare aaw from Dr. Prof. V. X. Zdhanov, the ral,ooaa, throeymro ytoinBr85ilatths TmpiualM8- ba668 CotlgrBrs. Thawritt~nlnvitation~ame franDr. BurkaofIJHO, Thou was follawod sooabyalettermylag thatmgulationr did notpormlthhn to rotu an offl~rinintemrtionelmmtings aml thathowurturnlqg the rergonrdblUt~r over to T.k.0. V.-n (WSSR). Aa a rmaltof thir ehango theprogremwar probab~mmewhat dlffmrmstfromtitit might have otherwio6 beeq in arpr aam, mr find the folbwlng pregmm of memen paperer, the Ch&-mm being rrspomdble for the lord-off diraumdon. (Hotot The programIs &tached to Dr. Soperr paper, aTbe Eradication of Aedoo a6ggptl I A World problesp,* @U~-#sblieat~~~ 83 .)) , Unforttuntoly~ itwulwpomiblo to hmmrpreviam meting at whbh th6 6poek8ro m&l exchang6 6gdrdow and g6t ready to meet the ahallungemfmm the floor,. (Aa It taarmdout, this -da Uttla differ- em* 6lno6 Mor6 wao M opportunityforrfr@e 8ysporium~tfhe t&m of di6m88lon. Thle wa6 dus to excom tfarr taken by sparaim from the flomuhawnt onfnteminable.) 2 The Sympwhm prored to be a roadim of paperr which Wok up all of the tilw axlottedto th*lweting. (`phirty Iduutw had been aolurrily cufinfavorof otbwac3tivieiw bitme theam&ing rtartd.) Tha official clodng fir aamu at W30 burr and the rab3eet of rradieat&m was open fcr dbcu8dou. fh* flnt three dbcu88ant8 twit upfWtwn7ductsr ????? o nragamomt%metha.ntho m&em of the panel, After Just a few urlmtar of' commtr b Rash and Koprowrld, tbmwthg ti084id at1900 hcnim. The mertfngefth~pauel me&mm 091th~) 2?thwa~h&i at the 0amaley-a Inutttute (dlreoted by Dr. Earoyan), gett3.ng off to a Late 8tart beemm. 12f8 1-h &ma~Dr. @UUakOff. At thZ8 wetiqgft wa8 deal&d to rraaaarcmd to the Oe?mral At~Mmbf;y of 42~ Intanutimal A88odationaiRiumbio~oaZSacdsti~8a remlutloaasldngtheD&uetor- OmmaloforltIOt~call a 6pe&klgrouptedh~cn188'thocrlterla of sradicla- tlon mnd'the nwn~~ of seh?ting indlvidual disacille8 a8 e8ndldatea far oradlc8tclon.