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The NRCS (1998) states that these data have not been through a final correlation in accordance with National Soil Survey Policy and should not be treated as advanced data.
| LOCATION ARIZO |
NV+AZ CA NM |
Established Series
Rev. LNL/RLB
05/97
ARIZO SERIES
The Arizo series consists of very deep, excessively drained soils that formed in mixed alluvium. Arizo soils are on recent alluvial fans, inset fans, fan apron, stream terraces, floodplains of intermittent streams and channels. Slopes are 0 to 15 percent. The mean annual precipitation is about 7 inches and the mean annual temperature is about 62 degrees F.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Sandy-skeletal, mixed, thermic Typic Torriorthents
TYPICAL PEDON: Arizo very gravelly fine sand, desert wildlife habitat. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.)
A--0 to 8 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) very gravelly fine sand, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; weak coarse platy structure; slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; few fine and medium roots; few fine vesicular and many very fine and fine interstitial pores; 35 percent pebbles; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); abrupt wavy boundary. (0 to 10 inches thick)
C1--8 to 36 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) extremely gravelly sand, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; single grained; loose, nonsticky and nonplastic; few fine and medium roots; many very fine and fine interstitial pores; 60 percent pebbles, 10 percent cobbles; few very thin coats of lime on undersides of pebbles; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); gradual wavy boundary. (12 to 36 inches thick)
C2--36 to 62 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) extremely gravelly sand, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; single grained; loose, nonsticky and nonplastic; few very fine and fine roots; many very fine and fine, and few medium interstitial pores; 60 percent pebbles, 20 percent cobbles, 3 percent stones; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2).
TYPE LOCATION: Clark County, Nevada; about 1,000 feet east and 600 feet south of center of section 20, R. 13 S., R. 17 E.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture - Usually dry, moist for short periods throughout the moisture control section during December through March. Moist above and periodically in upper part of moisture control section for 10 to 20 days cumulative, during July through October.
Soil temperature - 59 to 72 degrees F.
Reaction: Mildly alkaline to strongly alkaline.
Other features: Effervescent in some or all parts, with thin lime coatings on undersides of rock fragments in some pedons.
Control section - Rock fragments: 35 to 85 percent, mainly pebbles.
A horizon -
Hue: 10YR or 7.5YR.
Value: 5 through 8 dry, 3 through 6 moist.
Chroma: 2 through 6.
C horizon -
Hue: 10YR or 7.5YR.
Value: 5 through 8 dry, 3 through 6 moist.
Chroma: 2 through 6.
Texture of fine earth: Averages coarse sand or loamy sand.
Structure: Single grained or massive.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Jean (NV) and Kokan (NM) series. Jean soils have a shallow Bw horizon and have textures in the upper control section of loamy sand or loamy fine sand with less than 15 percent rock fragments. Kokan soils are moist for short periods in some part mainly in July, August, and early September and are dry the rest of the year.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Arizo soils are on recent alluvial fans, stream terraces, floodplains of intermittent streams and channels. These soils formed in alluvium from mixed rock sources. Slopes are 0 to 15 percent. Elevations are 750 to 4,500 feet. The climate is arid or semiarid with mild winters and hot dry summers. The mean annual precipitation is 4 to 10 inches and may range to 13 inches in Arizona where temperatures are 67 to 70 degrees F.; mean annual temperature is 57 to 70 degrees F., and the frost-free season is 200 to 300 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Bard, Bitter Spring, Gila, Nickel, Tonopah, and Vinton soils. Bard soils have a petrocalcic horizon. Bitter Spring soils have a gravelly sandy loam B2t horizon. Gila soils have a loamy control section. Nickel and Tonopah soils have a calcic horizon. Vinton soils have a loamy fine sand or loamy sand control section.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Excessively drained; slow or medium runoff; very rapid permeability.
USE AND VEGETATION: Source of sand and gravel, rangeland, and wildlife habitat. The present vegetation is mainly creosotebush and white bursage.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Southern Nevada, Southern California, Arizona, and New Mexico. These soils are extensive. MLRA 30,40,41,42.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Davis, California
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Clark County (Virgin River Area), Nevada. 1971.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Particle-size control section - The zone from 10 to 40 inches.
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.
Established Series
Rev.DJM/RLB
5/97
AYMATE SERIES
The Aymate series consists of moderately deep, well drained soils that formed in mixed alluvium from volcanic tuffs and limestone. The Aymate soils are on fan piedmont remnants. Slopes are 0 to 8 percent. The mean annual precipitation is about 8 inches and the mean annual temperature is about 57 degrees F.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, thermic Ustalfic Petrocalcids
TYPICAL PEDON: Aymate gravelly sandy loam, rangeland. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.) The soil surface is partially covered with 2 percent cobbles and 22 percent pebbles.
A--0 to 3 inches; reddish brown (7.5YR 5/4) gravelly sandy loam, reddish brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; moderate thin platy structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and slightly plastic; many very fine roots; many very fine and fine interstitial pores; 22 percent pebbles; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); abrupt smooth boundary. (2 to 4 inches thick)
AB--3 to 13 inches; brown (5YR 5/4) sandy loam, dark brown (5YR 4/4) moist; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine and fine roots; many very fine and fine interstitial and few very fine tubular pores; few thin clay films on faces of peds and lining pores; 5 percent pebbles; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); clear smooth boundary. (6 to 12 inches thick)
Btk1--13 to 19 inches; reddish brown (5YR 5/4) gravelly clay loam, yellowish red (5YR 4/6) moist; moderate very fine and fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, very sticky and very plastic; common very fine and few fine roots; common very fine and fine tubular pores; common moderately thick clay films on faces of peds and lining pores; common thin lime coats on undersides of rock fragments; common fine lime filaments and threads; 1 percent cobbles, 15 percent pebbles; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); clear smooth boundary. (4 to 8 inches thick)
Btk2--19 to 28 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) gravelly sandy clay loam, yellowish red (5YR 4/6) moist; strong fine and medium subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, sticky and plastic; few very fine and fine roots; common very fine and fine tubular pores; many moderately thick clay films on faces of peds and lining pores and bridges between sand grains; many thin lime coats and pendants on vertical and undersides of rock fragments; common fine lime filaments, threads, and seams; 2 percent cobbles, 28 percent pebbles; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); gradual smooth boundary. (8 to 11 inches thick)
Bk--28 to 35 inches; pink (5YR 7/3) very gravelly coarse sandy loam, light reddish brown (5YR 6/3) moist; massive; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; few very fine roots; many very fine and fine interstitial and common very fine tubular pores; many moderately thick lime coats and pendants on vertical and undersides of rock fragments; many large soft lime masses, filaments, and seams; common discontinuous weakly to strongly lime cemented masses and lenses; 2 percent cobbles, 45 percent pebbles; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); abrupt smooth boundary. (0 to 7 inches thick)
Bkqm--35 inches; white (10YR 8/1) indurated petrocalcic horizon, light gray (10YR 7/2) moist.
TYPE LOCATION: Lincoln County, Nevada; approximately 1 mile east of Tule Desert Well; about 1250 feet east and 225 feet north of the southwest corner of section 5, T. 10 S., R. 69 E.; 37 degrees, 5 minutes, and 33 seconds north latitude, 114 degrees, 18 minutes, and 12 seconds west longitude.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture - Usually dry, moist in late summer and for short periods in winter and spring. (Ustic-Aridic)
Soil temperature - 59 to 64 degrees F.
Depth to petrocalcic horizon - 20 to 40 inches.
Reaction - Moderately alkaline or strongly alkaline.
Control section - Clay content: Averages 18 to 30 percent.
Rock fragments: 15 to 35 percent, predominantly pebbles.
A horizon -
Hue: 10YR or 7.5YR.
Value: 5 through 7 dry, 4 or 5 moist.
Chroma: 2 through 4.
Btk horizons - Hue: 5YR or 7.5YR.
Value: 4 through 6 dry, 4 or 5 moist.
Chroma: 2 through 6.
Texture: Gravelly clay loam, gravelly sandy clay loam, or gravelly loam.
Structure: Moderate to strong subangular blocky.
Other features: Rock fragments commonly contain thin to thick lime coats and pendants on vertical and undersides.
Bk horizon (when present) -
Hue: 5YR or 10YR
Value: 6 or 7 dry, 3 through 6 moist.
Chroma: 3 or 4.
Texture: Very gravelly coarse sandy loam, gravelly coarse sandy loam, or gravelly sandy loam.
Bkqm horizon - Cementation: Very strongly lime cemented or indurated petrocalcic horizon with discontinuous accessory silica cementation.
Thickness: 3 to 6 feet observed.
Other features: Very gravelly or extremely gravelly matrix.
COMPETING SERIES: There are no competing series.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Aymate soils are on fan piedmont remnants. These soils formed in mixed alluvium from volcanic tuffs and limestone. Slopes are 0 to 8 percent. Elevations are 2600 to 3400 feet. The climate is semiarid with hot, intermittently moist summers and cool, moist winters. The mean annual precipitation is 5 to 8 inches; the mean annual temperature is 58 to 65 degrees F., and the frost-free season is 190 to 240 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Arizo, Geta, and Canutio series. Arizo soils are commonly flooded and have a sandy-skeletal particle-size control section. Geta soils have a coarse-loamy particle-size control section and lack an argillic horizon and a petrocalcic horizon. Canutio soils have a loamy-skeletal particle-size control section and lack an argillic horizon and a petrocalcic horizon.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained; medium runoff; moderately slow permeability.
USE AND VEGETATION: Rangeland and wildlife habitat. The present vegetation is mainly creosotebush, big galleta, Anderson wolfberry, spiny hopsage, cheeseweed burrobrush, bush muhly, desert needlegrass, Nevada ephedra, and banana yucca.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Southeastern Nevada. These soils are not extensive. MLRA 30.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Davis, California
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Lincoln County, Nevada, South Part, 1992.
REMARKS:
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon - The zone from the soil surface to 13 inches (A and AB horizon).
Argillic horizon - The zone from 13 inches to 28 inches (Btk1 and Btk2 horizons).
Calcic horizon - the zone from 13 to 35 inches (Btk1, Btk2 and Bk horizon).
Petrocalcic horizon - The boundary at 35 inches (Bkqm horizon).
Particle-size control section - The zone 13 inches to 28 inches (Btk1 and part of the Btk2 horizons).
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.
Established Series
Rev. WRK/RLB/WED
05/97
BULLFOR SERIES
The Bullfor series consists of moderately deep to a silica-cemented hardpan well-drained soil, That are on sand sheets. Bullfor soils formed in eolian sands over mixed alluvium. Slopes are 0 to 4 percent. The mean annual precipitation is about 6 inches and the mean annual temperature is about 62 degrees F.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Sandy, mixed, thermic Typic Haplodurids
TYPICAL PEDON: Bullfor gravelly loamy sand. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.) Approximately 50 percent of the soil surface is covered with pebbles.
A--0 to 1 inch; very pale brown (10YR 7/3) gravelly loamy sand, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) moist; weak medium platy structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine roots; common fine interstitial pores; 25 percent pebbles; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); abrupt wavy boundary. (1 to 2 inches thick)
Bk--1 to 24 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/3) loamy sand, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) moist; massive; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common fine, medium and coarse roots; common fine interstitial pores; 3 percent pebbles; slightly effervescent with strongly effervescent spots; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); abrupt wavy boundary. (19 to 28 inches thick)
Bqkm--24 to 25 inches; white (10YR 8/2) silica and lime cemented duripan; very pale brown (10YR 8/4) moist; laminar cap indurated in upper 2 to 3 millimeters and strongly cemented below; very hard, violently effervescent; clear wavy boundary (1 to 3 inches thick)
2Bqk--25 to 60 inches; white (10YR 8/2) very gravelly sandy loam, very pale brown (10YR 8/4) moist; massive; hard, firm, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine and fine interstitial pores; 55 percent pebbles, 10 percent strongly silica and lime-cemented masses; strongly effervescent; strongly alkaline (pH 8.6).
TYPE LOCATION: Nye County, Nevada; in Sarcobatus Flat about 20 miles northwest of Beatty, about 3,000 feet and 2,000 feet east of the northwest corner of section 30, T. 9 S., R. 45 E.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture - Usually dry. Moist for short periods of time in the late winter and 10 to 20 day cumulative between July through October due to summer convection storms.
Soil temperature - 63 to 67 degrees F.
Depth to duripan - 20 to 40 inches.
Other features - In some pedons a weakly to strongly cemented layer underlies the indurated portion of the duripan.
Control section -
Clay content: 2 to 5 percent.
Rock fragments: 0 to 10 percent pebbles.
Bk horizon -
Hue 10YR or 7.5YR.
Value: 6 or 7 dry, 4 or 5 moist.
Chroma: 3 or 4.
Structure: Massive or single grained.
Texture: Loamy sand or fine sand.
Bqkm horizon - Rupture resistance: Strongly cemented to indurated.
2Bqk horizon -
Hue 10YR or 7.5YR
Value: 7 or 8 dry or moist.
Chroma: 3 or 4.
Rock fragments: 4o to 60 percent.
COMPETING SERIES: This is the Agon(NV) series. Agon soils have bedrock immediately below the duripan.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Bullfor soils are on gently sloping sand sheets of basin floors. These soils formed in sand sheets over mixed alluvium with a large component from volcanic rock sources. Slopes are 0 to 4 percent. Elevations are 2,000 to 4,200 feet. The climate is arid with cool winters and hot dry summers. Distribution of precipitation is relatively even with slight peaks in January and August. The mean annual precipitation is about 3 to 9 inches; mean annual temperature is about 58 to 64 degrees F., and the frost-free season is about 210 to 250 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: The Canutio series. The Canutio soils have a loamy-skeletal control section and lack a hardpan.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained. Slow runoff; rapid permeability.
USE AND VEGETATION: Rangeland and wildlife habitat. The present vegetation is mainly white burrobrush, and wolfberry and shadscale with some spiny mendora.
DISTRIBUTION OF EXTENT: Southern Nevada. These soils are not extensive.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Davis, California
SERIES PROPOSED: Nye County, Nevada, (Southwest Part). 1983. The name is coined from Bullfrog Hills, an area north of Beatty.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Duripan - The zone from about 24 to 25 inches (2Bqkm horizon).
Textural control section - The zone from 10 to about 24 inches (lower portion of Bk horizon).
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.
Established Series
Rev. JBF/WED/RLB
9/95
DOWNEYVILLE SERIES
The Downeyville series consists of very shallow and shallow well drained soils that formed in residuum and colluvium from andesite, basalt, rhyolite and metavolcanic rock. Downeyville soils are on hills, mountain slopes, pediments, plateaus and mesas. Slopes are 4 to 75 percent. The mean annual precipitation is about 5 inches and mean annual temperature is about 53 degrees F.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, mesic Lithic Haplargids
TYPICAL PEDON: Downeyville very gravelly fine sandy loam, rangeland. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.)
A1--0 to 2 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) very gravelly fine sandy loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; few very fine roots; common very fine interstitial pores; 45 percent pebbles, 10 percent cobbles; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); clear smooth boundary. (1 to 3 inches thick)
A2--2 to 4 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) gravelly fine sandy loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak fine platy and weak fine subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine, fine and medium roots; common very fine and fine interstitial and tubular pores; 20 percent pebbles; few thin films of lime coating undersides of rock fragments; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); clear smooth boundary. (0 to 4 inches thick)
Btk1--4 to 6 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) gravelly loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate thin platy and moderate fine subangular blocky structure; soft, friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; common very fine, fine and medium roots; common very fine and fine interstitial and tubular pores; few thin clay films on faces of peds and lining pores; 30 percent pebbles; common moderately thick lime and silica on undersides of rock fragments; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); abrupt smooth boundary. (1 to 8 inches thick)
Btk2--6 to 9 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/4) very cobbly loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine and fine roots; common very fine and fine interstitial and tubular pores; few thin clay films on faces of ped and lining pores; 30 percent pebbles, 20 percent cobbles; many moderately thick lime coating on undersides of rock fragments; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); abrupt wavy boundary. (2 to 7 inches thick)
R--9 inches; fractured hard volcanic tuff; discontinuous lime and silica cementation in fractures; weathered in upper 2 inches.
TYPE LOCATION: Esmeralda County, Nevada, about 2,400 feet west and 2,100 feet south of the northeast corner of Section 13, T. 7 S., R. 41 E.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture - Usually dry, moist in some part for short periods during winter and early spring months and for 10 to 20 days cumulative between July and October due to convection storms.
Soil temperature - 53 to 57 degrees F.
Depth to bedrock - 4 to 14 inches.
Effervescence - Noneffervescent to strongly effervescent.
Control section -
Clay content: 14 to 25 percent.
Rock fragments: 35 to 60 percent.
Reaction: Moderately alkaline or strongly alkaline. Sandy surface layer may be neutral.
A horizon -
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR.
Value: 6 or 7 dry, 3 through 5 moist.
Chroma: 2 or 3.
Bt and Btk horizon -
Value: 5 through 7 dry, 3 through 5 moist.
Chroma: 2 through 4.
Texture (fine-earth fraction): Loam, fine sandy loam and some pedons may have silt loam subhorizons.
Clay content: 18 to 27 percent.
Rock fragments: Average 5 to 20 percent cobbles and stones; 30 to 50 percent pebbles.
Structure: Platy or subangular blocky.
Consistence: Soft to hard dry, very friable or friable moist, slightly sticky or sticky and nonplastic or slightly plastic wet.
Secondary lime and silica: Lime and accessory silica in the form of pendants on the undersides of pebbles ranging from few to many.
Effervescence: Slightly effervescent to violently effervescent in lower part.
Other features: The upper part of the Bt horizon may not contain visible lime accumulation or may not be effervescent in some pedons.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Hoot (NV), Mirkwood (NV), Theon (NV), Tognoni (NV), Valleycity (UT), Vium (NV) and Waucoba (CA) series. Hoot soils are noncalcareous throughout the profile and have a neutral Bt horizon. Mirkwood soils have 25 to 35 percent clay in Bt horizon. Theon soils have 25 to 35 percent clay in the control section and have noncalcareous sola. Tognoni soils have more than 35 percent clay in the argillic horizon. Valleycity soils contain mainly stone and cobble sized fragments in the control section and formed from calcareous sedimentary rocks. Vium soils are dry between July and October and contain 10 to 18 percent clay in the Bt horizon. Waucoba soils are 14 to 20 inches deep to bedrock.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Downeyville soils are on hills, mountains, pediments plateaus and mesas. The soils formed in residuum and colluvium from andesitic, rhyolitic and altered volcanic rock. Slopes are 4 to 75 percent. Elevations are 4,000 to 7,500 feet. The mean annual temperature ranges from 49 to 55 degrees F.; the mean annual precipitation is 4 to 8 inches, and the frost-free season is 110 to 140 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Blacktop, Pintwater and Stewval soils. Blacktop and Pintwater soils lack an argillic horizon; Stewval soils have a Xeric moisture regime.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained; medium or rapid runoff; moderate permeability.
USE AND VEGETATION: Rangeland and wildlife habitat. The vegetation is bud sagebrush, shadscale, Indian ricegrass and galleta.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Central Nevada. These soils are moderately extensive. MLRA 29, 27.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Reno, Nevada
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Esmeralda County, Nevada, 1984.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon - From the surface to about 4 inches.
Argillic horizon - The zone from about 4 to 9 inches (Btk1 and Btk2 horizons).
Particle-size control section - The zone from the soil surface to 9 inches (A1, A2, Btk1 and Btk2 horizons).
Lithic contact - The zone at 9 inches (R horizon).
ADDITIONAL DATA: NSSL - S83NV-009-003(832987-832990)
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.
Established Series
Rev. EWB/WED/RLB
4/97
GABBVALLY SERIES
The Gabbvally series consists of shallow and very shallow, well drained soils that formed in residuum and colluvium from volcanic rocks. Gabbvally soils are on hills, plateaus, mesas and mountain sideslopes. Slopes are 2 to 75 percent. The mean annual precipitation is about 10 inches and the mean annual temperature is about 53 degrees F.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, mesic Lithic Xeric Haplargids
TYPICAL PEDON: Gabbvally extremely stony loamy coarse sand, rangeland. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.) The soil surface is covered with 25 percent pebbles, 20 percent cobbles and 15 percent stones.
A--0 to 2 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) extremely stony loamy coarse sand, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; many very fine and common fine roots; common very fine interstitial and few very fine tubular pores; 25 percent pebbles, 20 percent cobbles, 15 percent stones; neutral (pH 7.2); clear smooth boundary. (1 to 4 inches thick)
Bt1--2 to 4 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) very gravelly sandy clay loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine roots; common very fine tubular and few very fine interstitial pores; common moderately thick clay films on faces of peds; 45 percent pebbles, 5 percent cobbles; neutral (pH 7.2); clear smooth boundary. (2 to 9 inches thick)
Bt2--4 to 8 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) very gravelly sandy clay loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very friable, sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine roots; common very fine tubular and few very fine interstitial pores; common thin and few moderately thick clay films on faces of peds; 45 percent pebbles, 5 percent cobbles; mildly alkaline (pH 7.4); abrupt irregular boundary. (2 to 7 inches thick)
R--8 inches; hard fractured rhyolitic tuff; few roots and disseminated lime in fractures.
TYPE LOCATION: Mineral County, Nevada; in the Gabbs Valley Range; approximately 800 feet north and 400 feet west of the southeast corner of section 23, T. 10 N., R. 33 E.; 38 degrees, 42 minutes, 39 seconds north latitude and 118 degrees, 15 minutes, 27 seconds west longitude.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture - Usually dry, moist in winter and spring months, dry in summer and fall except for 10 to 20 days between July and October due to convection storms.
Soil temperature - 53 to 59 degrees F.
Depth to bedrock - 6 to 14 inches.
Reaction - Neutral or mildly alkaline.
Control section - Clay content: 15 to 25 percent.
Rock fragments - 35 to 50 percent, predominantly pebbles.
A horizon -
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 3 or 4 moist.
Chroma: 3 or 4 dry or moist.
Bt horizon -
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 3 through 5 moist.
Chroma: 3 or 4 dry or moist.
Texture: Sandy clay loam, loam, sandy loam.
Structure: Subangular blocky or angular blocky
Clay content: 18 to 27 percent.
Rock fragments: 35 to 50 percent.
Consistence: Soft or slightly hard, very friable or friable, slightly sticky or sticky.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Atlow (NV), Boomstick (NV), Checkett (UT), Cottle (ID), Fortyday (T)(WA), Hooplite (NV), Nevo (T)(WA), Olac (NV), Old Camp (NV), Phliss (NV), Rowel (NV), Soughe (NV), Stewval (NV), and Thike (NV) series. Atlow soils have 27 to 35 percent clay in the control section and have bedrock at a depth of 14 to 20 inches. Boomstick soils are 14 to 20 inches to bedrock. Checkett soils have bedrock at a depth of 15 to 20 inches, more than 50 percent rock fragments in the control section, and the Bt horizon is moderately or strongly alkaline. Cottle soils are 10 to 20 inches to bedrock and contain a Bk horizon. Fortyday soils have bedrock at 14 to 20 inches. Hooplite soils have calcareous profiles and are not moist for 10 to 20 days in the summer. Nevo soils contain 25 to 33 percent clay in the control section. Olac soils are not moist for 10 to 20 days in the summer. Old Camp soils contain 27 to 35 percent clay in the Bt horizon. Phliss soils have secondary lime accumulation at depth of 3 to 10 inches, and are dry from July through October. Rowel soils contain 50 to 80 percent coarse fragments with 25 to 35 percent clay in the control section and the Bt horizon is 40 to 55 percent clay. Soughe soils have 25 to 35 percent clay in the control section and are not moist for 10 to 20 days in the summer. Stewval soils have calcium carbonate throughout. Thike soils have more than one-half the pebbles which are 2 to 5 millimeters in size and the sand fraction is dominantly coarse sand.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Gabbvally soils are on hills, plateaus and mountain slopes. These soils formed in residuum and colluvium weathered from volcanic rocks. Elevations are 4,350 to 8,500 feet. Slopes are 2 to 75 percent. The climate is cool semiarid with warm dry summers and cool, moist winters. The mean annual precipitation is 8 to 12 inches; the mean annual temperatures range from 50 to 54 degrees F.; and the frost-free season is 100 to 130 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Tejabe and Calpeak soils. Both soils lack an argillic horizon and Calpeak soils also lack hard bedrock within 20 inches.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained; medium to very rapid runoff; moderate permeability.
USE AND VEGETATION: Rangeland and wildlife habitat. The native vegetation is Wyoming big sagebrush, desert needlegrass, bottlebrush squirreltail, Nevada ephedra and galleta.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: West-central Nevada. The soils are not extensive. MLRA 27, 29.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Reno, Nevada
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Esmeralda County, Nevada, 1984.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon - From the surface to 2 inches.
Argillic horizon - The zone from about 2 to 8 inches (Bt horizon).
Lithic contact - The point at 8 inches (R horizon).
Xerollic features - Meets organic carbon and soil moisture regime requirement for "Xerollic".
Particle-size control section - The zone from the surface to 8 inches (A and Bt horizons).
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.
| LOCATION GREYEAGLE |
CA+AZ NV |
Established Series
Rev. JCW/TDC
10/97
GREYEAGLE SERIES
The Greyeagle series consists of shallow, somewhat excessively drained soils formed in mixed alluvium. Greyeagle soils are on fan terraces and hillslopes and have slopes of 0 to 40 percent. Average annual precipitation is 6 inches and mean annual temperature is 53 degrees F.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, thermic, shallow Typic Haplodurids
TYPICAL PEDON: Greyeagle very stony loam - on a sloping alluvial fan under creosotebush and white bursage at 2,246 feet elevation. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise stated. When described August 1976 the soil was dry throughout).
A1--0 to 3 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/3) very stony loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; strong thick platy structure; hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine vesicular and interstitial pores; 60 percent 2 mm to 7 cm pebbles, 15 percent stones, 2 percent cobbles; violently effervescent, disseminated lime; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); abrupt smooth boundary. (2 to 4 inches thick)
A2--3 to 6 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) gravelly sandy loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine roots; few fine interstitial pores; 15 percent 2 mm to 7 cm pebbles; violently effervescent, disseminated lime; moderately alkaline (pH 8.1); clear wavy boundary. (3 to 5 inches thick)
Bk--6 to 8 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/3) very gravelly sandy loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; few fine roots; few fine interstitial pores; 40 percent 2 to 5 mm fragments; violently effervescent, medium irregular soft masses of lime and coatings less than 1 mm thick on rock fragments; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); clear wavy boundary. (2 to 5 inches thick)
2Bqkm--8 to 24 inches; white and very pale brown (10YR 8/2, 8/3) continuous duripan with thin opalized laminations between layers of cemented gravel, very pale brown (10YR 7/4) moist; massive; extremely hard, indurated by silica and calcium carbonate; clear smooth boundary. (16 to 18 inches thick)
2Bk--24 to 60 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/4) stratified extremely stony loamy sand; massive; very hard and extremely hard, firm.
TYPE LOCATION: Inyo County, California; Saline Valley; about 1/4 mile south of intersection of Saline Valley Road and Lippincott mine road; about 20 feet east of Saline Valley Range and 20 feet west of an exposed bank in a drainage way, N 1/2 of SE 1/4 sec. 20, T. 15 S., R. 40 E., MDB&M.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Depth to an indurated, lime-silica cemented duripan ranges from 4 to 20 inches. The mean annual soil temperature is about 65 degrees F. The particle-size control section averages 10 to 18 percent clay. These soils are dry throughout from June until late November for about 180 days. The soil temperature is warmer than 41 degrees F from March to mid-December for about 290 days.
The A horizon has dry color of 10YR 7/3, 6/3, 6/4; or 7.5YR 6/4 and moist color of 10YR 4/3, 4/4, 5/3, 5/4,, 6/3; 7.5YR 4/4, or 5/4. The upper 3 to 4 inches of the A horizon consists of a vesticular layer of very stony loam to very gravelly loam. Rock fragments 2 mm to 7 cm in diameter range from 35 to 60 percent; 7 cm-25 cm 1 to 5 percent, and 25 cm+ up to 15 percent in the upper part of the A horizon. The lower part of the horizon ranges from gravelly sandy loam to very gravelly sand.
The Bk horizon has colors similar to the A horizon. It is very gravelly sandy loam or very gravelly loamy sand.
Underlying the 2Bqkm horizon is mixed, extremely gravelly, stratified alluvium that is massive and extremely hard or very hard when dry. It can be dug with a pick and shovel, but with difficulty.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Alko, Muroc, Nebona, Osobb, Pahroc and Stewart series in other families. Alko, Muroc, Nebona and Stewart soils are loamy. Osobb and Pahroc soils have mesic soil temperature.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Greyeagle soils are on old dissected fan terraces and hillslopes. Slopes are 0 to 40 percent. The soils formed in alluvium from mixed sources. Elevations are 1,800 feet to 4,000 feet. The climate is arid with very hot dry summers, with infrequent thunder showers of short duration, and cool slightly moist winters. The average annual precipitation varies from 4 to 12 inches. Mean January temperature is 45 degrees F, mean July temperature is 85 degrees F; mean annual temperature is 63 degrees F. Frost-free season is 235 to 300 days. Those soils formed on hillslopes up to 40 percent slopes and 12 inches of precipitation occur in the Sonoran Desert.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Arizo soils. Arizo soils lack a duripan and have a sandy-skeletal particle-size control section.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Somewhat excessively drained; rapid runoff, moderately rapid permeability in the soil above the duripan.
USE AND VEGETATION: Used mainly for wildlife land and recreation land. The native vegetation is primarily creosotebush, white bursage, Anderson thornbush, spiny hopsage, and buckwheat.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: These soils are mapped in the northern part of the California Desert and are moderately extensive.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Davis, California
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Inyo County, California, Saline Valley Area, 1980.
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.
Tentative Series
Rev. HJB/RLB/WED
05/97
JONNIC SERIES
The Jonnic series consists of moderately deep over a duripan, well drained soils that are on fan piedmont remnants. Jonnic soils formed in alluvium from mixed rock sources. Slopes are 4 to 8 percent. The mean annual precipitation is about 9 inches and the mean annual temperature is about 62 degrees F.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Clayey-skeletal, smectitic, thermic Xeric Argidurids
TYPICAL PEDON: Jonnic gravelly loam, rangeland. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.)
A--0 to 2 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/4) gravelly loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) moist; moderate coarse platy structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine roots; common very fine and fine vesicular pores; 25 percent pebbles, 1 percent cobbles, 1 percent stones; violently effervescent; strongly alkaline (pH 8.6); clear wavy boundary. (2 to 4 inches thick)
Bt--2 to 9 inches; reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) very gravelly clay loam, strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, sticky and plastic; common very fine and few fine roots; common very fine and few fine interstitial pores; few thin clay films lining pores and on faces of peds; 40 percent pebbles, 2 percent cobbles; few very thin white lime coating on undersides of rock fragments; violently effervescent; strongly alkaline (pH 8.6); clear wavy boundary. (5 to 8 inches thick)
Btk1--9 to 21 inches; reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) very gravelly clay, strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, sticky and plastic; few very fine and common fine roots; few very fine tubular pores; 15 percent medium soft lime masses; few faint clay films bridges sand grains; 40 percent pebbles, 3 percent cobbles; few thin lime-silica pendants on undersides of rock fragments; violently effervescent; strongly alkaline (pH 8.6). (7 to 12 inches thick)
Btk2--21 to 38 inches; reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) extremely cobbly sandy clay loam, strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure, soft, very friable, sticky and plastic; few very fine roots; common very fine and few fine interstitial pores; few faint clay films bridging sand grains; 40 percent pebbles, 35 percent cobbles; common thin lime-silica coats on undersides of rock fragments; violently effervescent; strongly alkaline (pH 8.6); clear wavy boundary. (10 to 20 inches thick)
Bqkm--38 to 42 inches; continuously strongly cemented and indurated white (10YR 8/1) silica-lime hardpan; massive; very hard and extremely hard, very firm and extremely firm; 45 percent pebbles, 5 percent cobbles.
TYPE LOCATION: Nye County, Nevada; approximately 1 mile east of Highway 160 near the old mining town of Johnnie and about 1,400 feet south and 200 feet west of the southeast corner of section 6, T. 18 S., R. 53 E., MDBL.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture - Usually dry. Moist in the late winter and spring and for 10 to 20 days following summer convection storms from July to October.
Soil temperature - 63 to 69 degrees F.
Depth to duripan - 25 to 40 inches.
Control section - Percent clay: 35 to 50 percent, weighted average.
Rock fragments - 35 to 45 percent pebbles, 2 to 5 percent cobbles, 0 to 5 percent stones.
A horizon -
Value: 6 or 7 dry; 4 or 5 moist.
Reaction: Moderately alkaline or strongly alkaline.
Bt and Btk1 horizons -
Chroma: 5 or 6 moist or dry.
Texture of fine earth: Clay loam or clay.
Clay content: 35 to 55 percent.
Rock fragments: 35 to 50 percent.
Btk2 horizon -
Texture of fine earth: Sandy clay loam or clay loam.
Clay content: 25 to 35 percent.
Rock fragments: 30 to 40 percent pebbles, 20 to 35 percent cobbles, 0 to 5 percent stones.
Bqkm horizon -
Rupture resistance: Strongly cemented to indurated.
COMPETING SERIES: There are no other soils in this family at the present time.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Jonnic soils are on fan piedmont remnants. The soils formed in alluvium from mostly quartzite sources with some shale and limestone. Slopes are 4 to 8 percent. Elevations are 3,000 to 4,500 feet. The climate is arid with hot dry summers and mild winters. Maximum precipitation comes in August with a secondary peak in January. The mean annual precipitation is between 8 and 10 inches; mean annual temperature is between 58 to 64 degrees F., and the frost-free season is about 200 to 250 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Canutio and Arizo soils. Both these soils lack argillic horizons and duripans.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained; medium runoff; permeability is slow above the duripan.
USE AND VEGETATION: Rangeland and wildlife habitat. The present vegetation is mainly blackbrush, creosotebush, ephedra and wolfberry.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Southern Nye County, Nevada. These soils are not extensive.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Davis, California
SERIES PROPOSED: Nye County, Nevada, 1982.
REMARKS: The name is coined from the nearby historical mining town of Johnnie. In 1985 the subgroup was changed from Abruptic to Xerollic based on collected data, in addition, mineralogy was changed from mixed to montmorillonitic.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Argillic horizon - The zone from about 2 to 38 inches (Bt, Btk1 and Btk2 horizons).
Xerollic intergrades - Meets organic carbon requirement for "Xerollic"
Duripan - The zone from about 38 to 45 inches (Bqkm horizon).
Textural control section - The zone from about 2 to 22 inches. (Bt, Btk1 and part of the Btk2 horizons)
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.
Established Series
Rev. JAR/RLB
05/97
LEALANDIC SERIES
The Lealandic series consists of moderately deep over a duripan, well drained soils that formed in mixed alluvium from mainly limestone, quartzite, and siltstone sources. The Lealandic soils are on alluvial fan piedmonts and have gradients of 2 to 15 percent. The mean annual precipitation is about 7 inches and the mean annual temperature is about 63 degrees F.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Clayey-skeletal, smectitic, thermic Typic Argidurids
TYPICAL PEDON: Lealandic very gravelly sandy loam, rangeland. (Colors are for dry soils unless otherwise noted.) Typically, 35 percent of the soil surface is covered with pebbles, 5 percent with cobbles and 2 percent with stones.
A--0 to 5 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) very gravelly sandy loam, dark brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate very fine and fine platy structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine, few fine and medium roots; many very fine vesicular and common very fine tubular pores; 40 percent pebbles; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4), gradual smooth boundary (2 to 5 inches thick).
Bt--5 to 12 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) gravelly sandy clay, dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/6) moist; strong fine and medium subangular blocky structure; hard, firm, sticky and plastic; many fine and medium, few very fine and coarse roots; many very fine tubular and irregular pores; many pressure faces on peds; 30 percent pebbles; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2), gradual smooth boundary (2 to 9 inches thick).
Btk--12 to 23 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) very gravelly sandy clay, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) moist; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, sticky and plastic; many very fine roots; many very fine tubular and few very fine irregular pores; common moderately thick pressure faces on peds; 50 percent pebbles; few fine soft lime masses and threads; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4), abrupt wavy boundary (10 to 20 inches thick).
Bqkm--23 to 40 inches; white (10YR 8/2) indurated duripan, light gray (10YR 7/2) moist; massive; extremely hard, extremely firm; silica-lime cemented laminar cap 2 to 15 mm thick; violently effervescent.
TYPE LOCATION: Nye County, Nevada; 1 mile south of Highway 58, National Monument border along east gravel road. 2,600 feet east, 1,800 feet north of southwest corner of section 7, T. 13 S., R. 46 E., MDBM.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture: Usually dry, but moist in some part of the moisture control section in January, February and March. Moist in some part for 10 to 20 days following summer convection storms.
Soil temperature: 62 to 67 degrees F.
Depth to duripan: 20 to 40 inches.
Control section -
Rock fragments: 35 to 60 percent, mainly pebble.
Clay content: 35 to 50 percent.
Reaction: Moderately alkaline or strongly alkaline.
A horizon -
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 3 through 5 moist.
Chroma: 3 or 4.
Bt & Btk horizon -
Hue: 10YR, 7.5YR or 5YR.
Value: 4 or 5 dry, 3 or 4 moist.
Chroma: 4 through 6.
Texture: Gravelly sandy clay or very gravelly sandy clay. with secondary accumulation of lime and silica.
Other features: Some pedons have subhorizon of the argillic with textures that range from very gravelly sandy clay loam or very gravelly loam with accumulation of secondary silica and lime.
Bqkm horizon - Rupture resistance: Very strongly cemented to indurated.
COMPETING SERIES: There are no competing series. Frye soils are similar but contain less than 35 percent rock fragments in the control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Lealandic soils are on alluvial fan remnants. The soils formed in mixed alluvium, predominantly from limestone and quartzite sources. Slopes are 2 to 15 percent. Elevation ranges from 2,000 to 4,000 feet. The climate is warm and arid. The mean annual precipitation ranges from 3 to 9 inches. The mean annual temperature is between 60 and 65 degrees F. The frost-free season is 190 to 210 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Canutio, Longjim, and Pinez soils. Canutio soils are formed in recent alluvium, lack argillic horizons, or duripans, and have a loamy-skeletal control section. The Longjim soil lacks an argillic horizon and is generally on convex, steeper sites above the Lealandic series. Pinez soils are on mid-fan remnants and have loamy-skeletal control sections.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained; runoff is medium; permeability is slow.
USE AND VEGETATION: Rangeland. The present vegetation is mainly ephedra, buckwheat, cheatgrass and rabbitbrush.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Southwest Nevada. These soils are inextensive. MLRA 30.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Davis, California
SERIES PROPOSED: Nye County, Nevada, Southwest part, 1981. The name is coined.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Argillic horizon - The zone from about 5 to 23 inches (Bt and Btk horizons).
Duripan - The zone from about 23 to 40 inches (Bqkm).
Textural control section - The zone from about 5 to 23 inches (Bt and Btk horizons).
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.
Established Series
Rev. HJB/WED/RLB
5/97
LONGJIM SERIES
The Longjim series consists of shallow over duripan, well drained soils that formed in alluvium from mixed rock sources. The Longjim soils are on fan piedmont remnants. Slopes are 2 to 15 percent. The mean annual precipitation is about 8 inches and the mean annual temperature is about 60 degrees F.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, thermic, shallow Typic Haplodurids
TYPICAL PEDON: Longjim gravelly fine sandy loam, rangeland. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.) Typically, 50 percent of the soil surface is covered with pebbles and 5 percent with cobbles.
A--0 to 3 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) gravelly fine sandy loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; weak thick platy structure; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many fine and common medium vesicular pores; 30 percent pebbles; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); abrupt smooth boundary. (1 to 6 inches thick)
Bw--3 to 8 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) gravelly loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine and fine, few medium roots; many very fine interstitial and few fine tubular pores; 20 percent pebbles; strongly effervescent; strongly alkaline (pH 8.8); clear smooth boundary. (0 to 8 inches thick)
Bk--8 to 16 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/3) very gravelly sandy loam, light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) moist; massive; slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine and few fine roots; many very fine interstitial and few fine tubular pores; 50 percent pebbles, most pebbles are lime coated; few weakly or strongly silica and lime cemented peds; violently effervescent; strongly alkaline (pH 8.6); abrupt wavy boundary. (6 to 15 inches thick)
Bqkm--16 to 45 inches; white (10YR 8/1) strongly and weakly silica-lime cemented hardpan, light gray (10YR 7/2) moist; white (10YR 8/2) dry and light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) moist; with indurated cap, the pan is indurated in the upper 2 to 4 inches; strongly and weakly cemented below; A few fine and medium roots are between plates. Rock fragment content range from 40 to 60 percent.
TYPE LOCATION: Nye County, Nevada; 1,500 feet south and 400 feet west of the northeast corner of section 33, T. 19 S., R. 54 E.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture - Usually dry, Moist for short periods of time in the late winter.
Soil temperature - 62 to 67 degrees F.
Depth to duripan - 14 to 20 inches.
Control section -
Clay content: 5 to 10 percent.
Rock fragments: 35 to 70 percent, mainly pebbles. with a few 0 to 10 percent cobbles
A horizon -
Value: 6 or 7 dry, 4 or 5 moist.
Chroma: 2 through 4.
Bw and Bk horizons -
Hue: 10YR or 7.5YR.
Value: 6 through 8 dry, 4 through 6 moist.
Chroma: 3 or 4.
Texture of the fine earth: Fine sandy loam, sandy loam or coarse sandy loam.
Consistence: Soft and slightly hard.
Bqkm horizons -
Value: 6 through 8 dry.
Rock fragments: 40 to 60 percent mainly pebbles with 0 to 15 percent cobbles.
Rupture resistance: Continuous cap or common continuous silica laminae in upper 6 inches. Commonly layered, with weakly and strongly cemented layers and indurated plates.
COMPETING SERIES: This is the Cline(T AZ), Crosgrain(T NV), Greyeagle(CA), and Tumarion(T AZ) series. Cline and Tumarion soils have a lithic contact immediately below the duripan. Crosgrain soils are 7 to 14 inches to the duripan and have 10 to 18 percent clay in the control section. Greyeagle soils have duripans at depths less than 14 inches and average 10 to 18 percent clay in the control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Longjim soils are on fan piedmont remnants. The soils formed in mixed alluvium. Slopes are 2 to 15 percent. Elevation is 3,300 to 4,500 feet. The climate is warm and arid. The mean annual precipitation is 6 to 10 inches. The mean annual temperature is 60 to 65 degrees F. The frost-free season is about 210 to 250 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Alko, Arizo and Canutio soils. The Alko soil are on similar topography to the Longjim soil but is less than 14 inches deep to the duripan. Arizo and Canutio soils are in the drainageways and are very deep and subject to flooding.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained; medium runoff; moderate permeability above the duripan.
USE AND VEGETATION: Livestock grazing and wildlife habitat. The vegetation is mainly blackbrush, Nevada ephedra and Anderson wolfberry with small amounts of Indian ricegrass, bush muhly and big galleta.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Southern Nevada. The soils are of small extent. MLRA 30.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Davis, California
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Lincoln County, Nevada, South Part, 1992.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Duripan - The zone from 16 to 45 inches.
Particle-size control section - The zone from 10 to 16 inches.
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.
Established Series
Rev. JR/RLB/WED
05/97
PINEZ SERIES
The Pinez series consists of deep over an indurated duripan, well drained soils on fan piedmont remnants. Pinez soils formed in mixed alluvium mainly from quartzite and volcanic tuff with minor components of limestone, dolomite and shale. Slopes are 2 to 8 percent. The mean annual precipitation is about 5 inches and the mean annual temperature is about 64 degrees F.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, thermic Durinodic
Haplargids
TYPICAL PEDON: Pinez very gravelly loamy sand - rangeland. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted). Approximately 65 percent of the soil surface is covered with pebbles, 10 percent with cobbles and 5 percent with stones.
A--0 to 4 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) very gravelly loamy sand, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; moderate very fine and fine platy structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and slightly plastic; few very fine and fine roots; many very fine vesicular and few very fine tubular pores; 45 percent pebbles; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); gradual wavy boundary (2 to 6 inches thick)
BA--4 to 10 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) very gravelly sandy loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) moist; moderate very fine and fine subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine, fine and medium, common coarse roots; common very fine interstitial and few very fine tubular pores; 50 percent pebbles; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); gradual wavy boundary (0 to 6 inches thick)
Btk--10 to 29 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) very gravelly sandy clay loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) moist; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, sticky and plastic; common very fine and fine roots; many very fine interstitial and few very fine tubular pores; common faint clay films on pebbles; 60 percent pebbles; common thin lime coats and pendants on undersides of pebbles, strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); abrupt wavy boundary (8 to 25 inches thick).
2Bqk--29 to 41 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) extremely gravelly loamy sand, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; single grained; loose, nonsticky and nonplastic; many very fine and fine interstitial pores; 85 percent pebbles; 75 percent strongly silica-lime cemented discontinuous plates and masses; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); abrupt wavy boundary (10 to 20 inches thick).
2Bqkm--41 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/3) indurated duripan with laminar cap; many medium and coarse distinct very pale brown (10YR 8/2) lime coatings, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) moist; massive; very hard, very firm, brittle; common very fine and fine interstitial and few fine tubular pores; 85 percent pebbles; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4).
TYPE LOCATION: Nye County, Nevada; 2,300 feet east and 2,100 feet north of the projected southwest corner of section 7, T. 13 S., R. 46 E. north latitude 36 degrees, 48 minutes 48 seconds; west longitude 116 degrees, 52 minutes, 15 seconds.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture - Usually dry. Moist in some part for short periods during winter and early spring months and for 10 to 20 days cumulative between July and October due to convection storms.
Soil temperature - 65 to 70 degrees F.
Depth to duripan - 40 to 60 inches.
Reaction - Moderately alkaline or strongly alkaline.
Control section -
Clay content: 18 to 35 percent.
Rock fragments: 35 to 60 percent, mainly pebbles.
A horizon -
Value: 6 or 7 dry, 4 through 6 moist.
Chroma: 2 through 4.
Btk horizon -
Hue: 10YR or 7.5YR.
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 4 or 5 moist.
Chroma: 3 through 6.
Texture: Very gravelly sandy loam, very gravelly sandy clay loam, very gravelly clay loam.
Bqk or Bk horizons -
Hue: 10YR or 7.5YR.
Value: 6 or 7 dry, 4 through 7 moist.
Chroma: 3 or 4.
2Bqkm horizon -
Rupture resistance: Very strongly cemented to indurated.
COMPETING SERIES: This is the Scottcas (NV) series. Scottcas soils average 7 to 15 percent clay in the control section and have a thin shallow argillic horizon with its base at a depth of 6 to 11 inches and do not have an indurated duripan.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: The Pinez series are on fan piedmont remnants. Slopes are 2 to 8 percent. Elevations are 1,500 to 3,000 feet. The climate is hot and arid. Mean annual temperature is 63 to 68 degrees F. Distribution of precipitation is relatively even with slight peaks in January and August. Average annual precipitation is between 3 and 9 inches. The frost-free season is 190 to 210 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Arizo, Canutio and Skelon soils. Arizo and Canutio soils lack an argillic horizon and occur on low alluvial fans and in washes. Skelon soils are found on slightly steeper alluvial fans and lack argillic horizons.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained; medium runoff; moderately slow permeability.
USE AND VEGETATION: Rangeland and wildlife habitat. The present vegetation is shadscale, spiny hopsage, wolfberry, ephedra and creosotebush.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Southern Nevada. These soils are not extensive. MLRA 30.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Davis, California
SERIES PROPOSED: Nye County, Nevada (Southwest Part), 1981. The name is coined.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Argillic horizon - The zone from about 10 to 29 inches (Btk horizon)
Duric subgroup features - Silica-cemented lenses and masses in the zone from about 29 to 41 inches.
Particle-size control section - The zone from 10 to 29 inches (Btk horizon)
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.
Established Series
Rev. JR/RLB/WED
05/97
SHORIM SERIES
The Shorim series consists of moderately deep to duripan, well drained soils that formed in residuum from igneous rock flows with a component of calcareous eolian material. Shorim soils are on footslopes of hills. Slopes are 2 to 30 percent. The mean annual precipitation is about 4 inches and the mean annual temperature is about 63 degrees F.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, thermic Typic Haplodurids
TYPICAL PEDON: Shorim very gravelly sandy loam, rangeland. The soil surface is covered with 80 percent rock fragments, mainly pebbles.
A1--0 to 3 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) very gravelly sandy loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; moderate coarse platy structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; few very fine roots, many fine and medium vesicular and few very fine tubular pores; 50 percent pebbles; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); clear wavy boundary. (1 to 6 inches thick)
A2--3 to 10 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) gravelly sandy loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) moist; weak fine and medium platy structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; many very fine and fine vesicular, and common very fine tubular pores; 30 percent pebbles; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); gradual wavy boundary. (4 to 12 inches thick)
Bk--10 to 21 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/3) very gravelly sandy loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) moist; massive; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic, few very fine roots; many very fine and fine interstitial and common very fine tubular pores; 40 percent pebbles; common thick lime coats on rock fragments; violently effervescent; strongly alkaline (pH 9.0); abrupt wavy boundary. (8 to 20 inches thick)
Bqkm--21 to 24 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) silica-lime cemented hardpan, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) moist; indurated laminar cap. (1 to 5 inches thick.)
R--24 inches; extremely hard basalt bedrock.
TYPE LOCATION: Nye County, Nevada; 1,600 feet south and 2,600 feet east of the projected northwest corner of Section 11, T. 14 S., R. 48 E.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture - Usually dry. The upper part of the moisture control section is moist for a very short time in late winter.
Soil temperature - 64 to 70 degrees F.
Depth to duripan - 20 to 38 inches.
Depth to bedrock - 21 to 40 inches.
Control section -
Rock fragments: 35 to 60 percent, mainly pebbles.
Clay content: 5 to 15 percent.
A horizon -
Value: 6 or 7 dry, 4 or 5 moist.
Chroma: 2 through 4.
Bk horizon -
Value: 6 or 7 dry, 4 or 5 moist.
Chroma: 3 or 4.
Texture of fine earth: Fine sandy loam, sandy loam and coarse sandy loam.
Reaction: Strongly alkaline or very strongly alkaline.
Duripan: Continuous laminar cap directly on top of hard bedrock.
COMPETING SERIES: This is the Skelon (NV) series. Skelon soils have a thick duripan over unconsolidated alluvium.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Shorim soils are on footslopes of hills and formed from igneous rock flows. Slopes are 2 to 30 percent. Elevations are 3,000 to 4,500 feet. The climate is warm and arid. Distribution of precipitation is relatively even with slight peaks in January and August. Mean annual precipitation is 3 to 5 inches. The mean annual temperature is 62 to 67 degrees F., and the frost-free season is about 210 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Akela, Arizo and Canutio soils. The Akela soils lack a duripan and are shallow to bedrock. Arizo and Canutio soils are very deep soils in drainageways.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained, medium runoff; moderately rapid permeability above the duripan.
USE AND VEGETATION: Livestock grazing and wildlife habitat. The vegetation is mainly shadscale, desertholly, creosotebush, ephedra, and white bursage.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Southern Nevada. The soils are not extensive. MLRA 30.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Davis, California
SERIES PROPOSED: Nye County, Nevada, Southwest Part, 1985. The name is coined.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Duripan - Indurated zone(Typic) from about 21 to 24 inches (Bqkm horizon).
Particle size control section - The zone from 10 to 21 inches.
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.
Established Series
Rev. HJB/RLB
05/97
SKELON SERIES
The Skelon series consists of moderately deep over an indurated duripan, well drained soils formed in alluvium primarily from limestone, basalt, shale, quartzite and obsidian. Skelon soils are on alluvial fans and fan piedmonts. Slope gradients are 0 to 15 percent. The mean annual precipitation is about 4 inches and the mean annual temperature is about 62 degrees F.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, thermic Typic Haplodurids
TYPICAL PEDON: Skelon gravelly sandy loam, rangeland. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.) About 45 percent of the soil surface is covered with pebbles, 2 percent with cobbles overlain by a 1/2 to 1-inch thick mantle of alluvial sand.
A1--0 to 2 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/3) gravelly sandy loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) moist; moderate coarse platy structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine roots; many very fine vesicular and few very fine and fine interstitial pores; 15 percent pebbles; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); abrupt wavy boundary. (1 to 3 inches thick)
A2--2 to 4 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/3) sandy loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine roots; common very fine interstitial pores; 10 percent pebbles; few thin lime coats on ped faces and lining pores; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); clear wavy boundary. (2 to 3 inches thick)
Bw--4 to 13 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/3) very gravelly fine sandy loam, light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; many very fine and few fine roots; many very fine and few fine interstitial pores; 45 percent pebbles, 5 percent cobbles; few thin lime-silica coats on undersides of rock fragments; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); clear wavy boundary. (6 to 10 inches thick)
Bqk1--13 to 20 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/3) very gravelly coarse sandy loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) moist; about 30 percent of horizon has moderate fine platy structure and the remainder is massive; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; many very fine and few medium roots; common very fine interstitial pores; 50 percent pebbles, 5 percent cobbles; lime-silica pendants on undersides of most rock fragments; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); gradual wavy boundary. (6 to 12 inches thick)
Bqk2--20 to 28 inches; very pale brown (10YR 8/3) very gravelly fine sandy loam, very pale brown (10YR 7/4) moist; massive; soft and slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; many very fine and common medium roots; common very fine interstitial pores; 40 percent pebbles, 5 percent cobbles; few thin lime coatings along fractures and pores; lime-silica coatings on undersides of most rock fragments; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); clear irregular boundary. (4 to 12 inches thick)
Bqkm--28 to 44 inches; white (10YR 8/1) indurated duripan with thin continuous laminar cap, very pale brown (10YR 7/3) moist; massive; extremely firm; strongly cemented horizontal lenses in lower part; 30 percent pebbles, 5 percent cobbles; violently effervescent. (6 to 36 inches thick)
2B'qk1--44 to 52 inches; very pale brown (10YR 8/3) very gravelly sandy loam, very pale brown (10YR 7/3) moist; massive; slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine interstitial pores; 40 percent pebbles, 5 percent cobbles; common weakly silica and lime-cemented masses and few discontinuous strongly silica and lime cemented plates; violently effervescent; strongly alkaline (pH 8.6); clear smooth boundary. (0 to 24 inches thick)
2B'qk2--52 to 60 inches; very pale brown (10YR 8/3) extremely gravelly coarse sand, very pale brown (10YR 7/3) moist; single grain; loose, nonsticky and nonplastic; many very fine interstitial pores; 60 percent pebbles, 10 percent cobbles; common weakly and strongly silica and lime-cemented masses and discontinuous plates; violently effervescent; strongly alkaline (pH 8.6).
TYPE LOCATION: Nye County, Nevada; about 2.75 miles southeast of Lathrop Wells; 1700 feet south and 1500 feet east of the northwest corner of section 32, T. 15S, R 50E, MDBM.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS
Soil moisture - Usually dry, moist in some part for short periods during winter and early spring months and for 10 to 20 days cumulative between July to October due to convection storms.
Soil temperature - 59 to 65 degrees F.
Depth to duripan - 20 to 40 inches.
Effervescence - Strongly effervescent or violently effervescent.
Control section –
Percent clay: 3 to 10 percent.
Rock fragments: 35 to 60 percent, mainly pebbles.
A horizon -
Value: 6 or 7 dry, 3 through 6 moist.
Chroma: 2 or 3 dry, 3 or 4 moist.
Bw, Bqk1 and Bqk2 horizons -
Value: 6 through 8 dry, 3 through 7 moist.
Chroma: 2 through 4 dry, 3 through 6 moist.
Texture of fine earth: Fine sandy loam or coarse sandy loam.
Rock fragments: 35 to 60 percent weighted average, mainly pebbles.
Reaction: Mildly alkaline or strongly alkaline.
Bqkm horizon -
Weakly to strongly cemented duripan with continuous laminar cap.
COMPETING SERIES: This is the Shorim (NV) series. Shorim soils have a thin duripan that lies directly over a lithic contact.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Skelon soils are on fan piedmonts and alluvial fans. Slopes are 0 to 15 percent. These soils are formed in mixed alluvium primarily from limestone, basalt, shale and quartzite. Elevations are 2,300 to 5,000 feet. The climate is arid with cool winters and hot summers. Precipitation comes mostly as fall and winter rain. Average annual precipitation is between 3 and 8 inches. Average annual temperature is between 58 and 63 degrees F. The frost-free season is about 210 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are Corbilt and Shamock soils which contain less than 35 percent rock fragments in the control section. Corbilt soils also lacks a hardpan within the control section.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained; slow or medium runoff; moderately rapid permeability.
USE AND VEGETATION: Rangeland and wildlife habitat. The vegetation is principally white bursage with some creosotebush, spiny hopsage and prickly pear cactus.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Southern Nevada. Skelon soils are not extensive. MLRA 30.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Davis, California
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Esmeralda County, Nevada, 1984.
REMARKS:
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon - Zone from the surface to 7 inches.
Duripan feature - Indurated (Typic) zone at about 28 to 44 inches (Bqkm horizon).
Cambic horizon - The zone from 4 to 13 inches.
Particle-size control section - The zone at 10 to 28 inches.
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.
Established Series
Rev. WRK/RLB/WED
05/97
STROZI SERIES
The Strozi series consists of moderately deep over a duripan, well drained soils that formed in mixed alluvium. Strozi soils are on fan piedmont remnants. Slopes are 0 to 8 percent. The mean annual precipitation is about 8 inches and the mean annual temperature is about 62 degrees F.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, thermic Argidic Argidurids
TYPICAL PEDON: Strozi gravelly fine sandy loam - rangeland. About 75 percent of the soil surface is covered with pebbles.
A1--0 to 2 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/3) gravelly fine sandy loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) moist; moderate very coarse platy structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine roots; common very fine and fine vesicular pores; 20 percent pebbles; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); clear wavy boundary. (2 to 4 inches thick)
A2--2 to 5 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/3) fine sandy loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; common very fine roots; common fine interstitial pores; 10 percent pebbles; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); clear wavy boundary. (2 to 5 inches thick)
Bt--5 to 13 inches; reddish yellow (7.5YR 7/6) clay loam, strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) moist; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; soft, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine and fine roots; common fine interstitial pores; common distinct clay film bridging sand grains; 5 percent pebbles; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4; ); clear wavy boundary (4 to 8 inches thick)
Bqk--13 to 32 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/4) very gravelly sandy loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) moist; massive; slightly hard, very firm, nonsticky and nonplastic; common fine roots; common very fine and fine interstitial pores; 45 percent pebbles; 30 percent strongly cemented durinodes, violently effervescent; strongly alkaline (pH 8.6); abrupt wavy boundary. (10 to 24 inches thick)
Bqkm--32 to 33 inches; white (10YR 8/1) silica-and lime-cemented hardpan with a very thin discontinuous laminar cap, very pale brown (10YR 8/3) moist; massive; hard, very firm,; strongly cemented grading to weakly cemented in the lower part; violently effervescent; strongly alkaline (pH 8.6); clear wavy boundary. (1 to 6 inches thick)
Cqk--33 to 60 inches, light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) very gravelly sandy loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) moist; massive; slightly hard, very firm, nonsticky and nonplastic; few fine roots; common very fine and fine interstitial pores; 45 percent pebbles; weak continuous brittle matrix; violently effervescent; strongly alkaline (pH 8.6)
TYPE LOCATION: Nye County, Nevada; in Sacorbatus Flat about 12 miles northwest of the town of Beatty, about 2,000 feet east and 3,000 feet south of the projected northwest corner of Section 11, T. 10 S., R. 45 E.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture - Usually dry, moist during the winter and early spring and for 10 to 20 days periods following summer convection storms July through October.
Soil temperature - 63 to 67 degrees F.
Depth to lower boundary of Bt horizon - 10 to 16 inches.
Depth to duripan - 20 to 40 inches.
Control Section -
Clay Content: 27 to 35 percent.
Sand content: 30 to 45 percent.
Rock fragments: 5 to 15 percent.
Effervescent: Noneffervescent or slightly effervescent.
A horizon -
Value: 6 or 7 dry, 4 or 5 moist.
Chroma - 3 or 4
Bt horizon -
Value: 5 through 7 dry, 4 or 5 moist.
Chroma: 3 through 6.
Rock fragments: 5 to 15 percent.
Bqk horizon -
Value: 5 through 8 dry or moist.
Chroma: 1 or 2 dry, 3 or 4 moist.
Rock fragments: 35 to 50 percent.
Reaction: Moderately alkaline or strongly alkaline.
COMPETING SERIES: This is the Joshua (CA) series. Joshua soils have argillic horizons with sandy loam or sandy clay loam fine earth textures (more than 45 percent sand) and 15 to 35 percent fine pebbles.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Strozi soils are on fan piedmont remnants. These soils formed in alluvium primarily from igneous rocks. Slopes are 0 to 8 percent. Elevations are 2,300 to 4,500 feet. The climate is arid with cool winters and summers are hot and dry. Distribution of precipitation is relatively even with slight peaks in January and August. The mean annual precipitation is between 6 and 9 inches; mean annual temperature is between 58 to 62 degrees F., and the frost-free season is about 210 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: This is the Canutio series. The Canutio has a loamy-skeletal control section.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained. Slow runoff; moderately slow permeability.
USE AND VEGETATION: Rangeland and wildlife habitat. The present vegetation is mainly shadscale.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Nye County, Nevada. These soils are not extensive. MLRA 30.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Davis, California
SERIES PROPOSED: Nye County, Nevada (Southwest Part). 1982. The name is coined.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Argillic horizon - The zone from about 5 to 13 inches (Bt horizon)
Duripan - The zone from about 32 to 33 inches (Bqkm horizon)
Haplic feature - duripan is not indurated.
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.
Established Series
Rev. JCW/TDC
05/97
UPSPRING SERIES
The Upspring series consists of very shallow and shallow, somewhat excessively drained soils formed in material weathered from extrusive basic igneous rocks. Upspring soils are on hills, mountains, and plateaus and have slopes of 15 to 75 percent. The average annual precipitation is 5 inches and the mean annual temperature is 63 degrees F.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, calcareous, thermic Lithic Torriorthents
TYPICAL PEDON: Upspring very stony loam, on a south southwest slope 15 percent on a plateau under extremely sparse cover of atriplex at 1,700 feet elevation. (colors are for dry soil unless otherwise stated. When described the soil was dry throughout.)
About 45 percent pebbles, 10 percent cobbles, and 15 percent stones on the surface.
A1--0 to 1 inch; light gray (10YR 7/2) very stony loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; weak fine granular structure; slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; few fine roots; common very fine tubular and interstitial pores; 45 percent pebbles, 10 percent cobbles, and 15 percent stones (mostly on the surface); strongly effervescent, disseminated lime; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); abrupt smooth boundary. (1 to 2 inches thick)
A2--1 to 6 inches; light gray (10YR 7/2) very stony sandy loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak fine granular structure; slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; few fine roots; common fine interstitial pores; 45 percent pebbles, 10 percent cobbles, and 15 percent stones; violently effervescent, disseminated lime and lime coating rock fragments; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); clear irregular boundary. (2 to 8 inches thick)
Bk--6 to 8inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/3) very gravelly sandy loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; massive; hard, friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; few fine interstitial pores; 50 percent pebbles, 10 percent cobbles,; violently effervescent, disseminated lime and lime coating on rock fragments; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); abrupt wavy boundary. (1 to 4 inches thick)
R--8 inches fractured hard basalt.
TYPE LOCATION: Inyo County, California, Saline Valley; about 3 miles north of the dune road to lower Warm Springs; at the lower edge of the Saline Range lava flow; NW1/4 NW1/4 section 14, T.13S., R.38E., MDB&M.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Depth to a lithic contact of hard basalt ranges from 4 to 14 inches thick. The mean annual soil temperature is 68 degrees F. The soil contains small amounts of amorphous material from pyroclastic volcanic rocks. Clay averages 10 to 18 percent from the surface to lithic contact. These soils are dry from June through November for about 180 days. The soil temperature is warmer than 41 degrees F. from about March to January for about 300 days. The soils is intermittently moist from January through May but never moist for 90 consecutive days.
The A horizon has dry color of 10YR 7/2 and 7/3 and moist color of 10YR 4/2, 4/3, 5/2 or 5/3. It is very gravelly to very stony sandy loam and averages 35 to 70 percent rock fragments.
The Bk horizon has 35 to 60 percent rock fragments.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Akela(NM), Beach(T TX), Chatticup(T NV), Haleburu(NV), Hindu(AZ), Hulda(T AZ), Razorback(T AZ) and Tecopa(CA) series. Akela soils are moist during the summer from thunder storms. Beach have hue of 2.5YR and 5YR, and contain mainly sandstone fragments. Chatticup soils have 60 to 80 percent rock fragments, mainly pebbles. Haleburu and Razorback soils are moist 10 to 20 days cumulative between July and October. Hindu and Hulda soils are moist more than 20 days cumulative between July and September. Tecopa soils lack an influence of amorphous materials from pyroclastic sources and have formed in materials weathered from quartzite, schist, and gneiss.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Upspring soils are on plateaus, hills, and mountains. Slopes are 15 to 75 percent. The soils formed in material from extrusive basic igneous rocks with some pyroclastic materials. Elevations are 1,600 to 4,200 feet. The climate is arid, with hot, dry summers with infrequent thunder showers of short duration, and mildly slightly moist winters. The average annual precipitation is 4 to 6 inches. The mean annual temperature is 63 degrees F.; the average mean January temperature is 45 degrees F.; and the mean July temperature is 85 degrees F. The frost free season is 235 to 300 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Blacktop soils. Blacktop soils have mesic soil temperature.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Somewhat excessively drained; rapid runoff; moderately rapid permeability.
USE AND VEGETATION: Used mainly for watershed, wildlife habitat, and recreation land. The native vegetation is primarily shadscale and winterfat.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: These soils are mapped in the lava flows of northern California Desert and are moderately extensive.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Davis, California
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Inyo County, California, Saline Valley Area, 1980.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon - the zone from 0 to 6 inches (A1 and A2 horizons)
Lithic contact - the boundary with hard rock at about 8 inches.
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.
Established Series
Rev. GAW/JWF/GWH
05/97
YERMO SERIES
The Yermo series consists of deep, well drained soils that formed in mixed, moderately coarse textured, calcareous, gravelly or cobbly alluvium. Yermo soils are on long, smooth, alluvial fans or uplands and have slopes of 5 to 50 percent. The mean annual precipitation is about 5 inches and the mean annual temperature is about 62 degrees F.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, calcareous, thermic Typic Torriorthents
TYPICAL PEDON: Yermo cobbly sandy loam, on a 3 percent north facing slope under creosotebush, bursage, hopsage, Mormon tea, yucca, and a few Joshua trees at 3,600 feet elevation. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise stated. When described the soil was dry throughout.)
A--0 to 10 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) cobbly sandy loam, dark brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common fine roots; few fine interstitial pores; about 15 percent pebbles and 10 percent cobbles; strongly effervescent with disseminated lime; moderately alkaline
(pH 8.0); abrupt smooth boundary. (8 to 12 inches thick)
C1--10 to 25 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/3) gravelly sandy loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) moist; massive; slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common coarse and medium roots; common fine tubular pores; about 15 percent pebbles and 5 percent cobbles; violently effervescent with disseminated lime; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); gradual smooth boundary. (10 to 15 inches thick).
C2--25 to 60 inches; light gray (10YR 7/2) very gravelly sandy loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) moist; massive; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; few fine roots; few very fine interstitial and tubular pores; about 55 percent pebbles and 15 percent cobbles; 1/8 to 1/4 inch lime coatings on bottom of coarse fragments; violently effervescent with disseminated lime; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0).
TYPE LOCATION: San Bernardino County, California; in Lucerne Valley about 0.6 miles southeast of Meridian Road on the turn to Pfizer Cement plant; in NE1/4 NW1/4 NE1/4 section 6, T.3 N., R.1 E.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The mean annual soil temperature is 59 to 63 degrees F. and the soil temperature usually is not below 47 degrees F. at any time. The soil between the depths of about 8 and 24 inches is dry all the time from mid-spring to early winter and is not continuously moist for as long as 60 days.
The A horizon is pale brown, light yellowish brown, brown or yellowish brown (10YR 6/3, 6/4, 5/3, 5/4). It is cobbly sandy loam or gravelly sandy loam and has 15 to 25 percent gravel and 5 to 15 percent cobbles. Structure is weak to moderate, very fine and fine subangular blocky. This horizon is strongly calcareous to very strongly calcareous with disseminated lime, and is moderately to strongly alkaline.
The C horizon is light gray or very pale brown (10YR 7/2, 7/3). It is gravelly sandy loam and has 15 to 25 percent gravel and up to 5 percent cobbles in the upper part. It is moderately to strongly alkaline and is strongly effervescent. The lower part of the horizon is similar to the upper part but has 40 to 60 percent gravel and up to 15 percent cobbles.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Canutio, Emot and Ogral series.
All of the competing soils are intermittently moist in the moisture control section in the summer. Emot soils have more than 50 percent silt in the fine earth fraction. Ogral soils have hue of 7.5YR or 5YR throughout.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Yermo soils are on broad, alluvial fans and on older, faulted or uplifted uplands or valley floors at elevations of about 3,600 to 4,100 feet. Slopes range from 5 to 50 percent. The soils formed in mixed, moderately coarse textured gravelly or cobbly alluvium. The climate is arid, with hot, dry summers and cool, somewhat moist winters. The mean annual precipitation is 4 or 5 inches, most of which occurs as rain in the winter. Some moisture falls occasionally as snow. The mean annual temperature is about 62 degrees F.; the mean January temperature is 46 degree F.; and the mean July temperature is 84 degrees F. The frost free season is 210 to 255 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Arizo and Soboba soils. Arizo soils are loamy sand or coarser. Soboba soils have a xeric moisture regime and are loamy sand or coarser.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained; medium to rapid runoff; moderately rapid permeability.
USE AND VEGETATION: Used for wildlife habitat and homesites. Vegetation is creosotebush, white bursage, scattered yucca and Joshua tree and annual grasses and forbs.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Uplands and alluvial fans of Mojave Desert. The soils are moderately extensive.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Davis, California
SERIES ESTABLISHED: San Bernardino County, California, Mojave River Area, 1978.
REMARKS:
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon - 0to 10 inches.
Particle-size control section - 10 to 40 inches.
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.
Established Series
Rev. JR/RLB/WED
05/97
ZALDA SERIES
The Zalda series consists of well drained soils that are shallow to a thin duripan over bedrock. Zalda soils are on low hill summits and crests. Zalda soils formed in residuum from igneous rocks, with a component of eolian material. Slopes are 2 to 30 percent. The mean annual precipitation is about 5 inches and the mean annual temperature is about 63 degrees F.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy, mixed, thermic, shallow Typic Haplodurids
TYPICAL PEDON: Zalda gravelly fine sand, rangeland. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.) The soil surface is covered with 40 percent pebbles and 2 percent cobbles.
A1--0 to 3 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) gravelly fine sand, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; single grained; loose, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine and fine interstitial and tubular pores; few very fine roots; 15 percent pebbles; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); gradual wavy boundary. (2 to 7 inches thick)
A2--3 to 7 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/3) loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate medium and coarse platy structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; few very fine roots; many very fine and fine vesicular, common very fine and fine interstitial pores; violently effervescent; strongly alkaline (pH 8.6); abrupt wavy boundary. (3 to 8 inches thick)
Bqkm--7 to 8 inches; extremely hard lime-silica hardpan with an indurated laminar cap 3 to 5 millimeters thick; abrupt wavy boundary. (1 to 8 inches thick)
R--8 inches; basalt.
TYPE LOCATION: Nye County, Nevada; 750 feet west, 200 feet north of the projected southeast corner of section 31, T. 13 S., R. 49 E.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture - Usually dry, moist for short periods of time in the late winter and spring for 10 to 20 days from July through mid October following summer convection storms.
Soil temperature - 62 to 67 degrees F.
Depth to duripan - 7 to 14 inches.
Depth to bedrock - 8 to 15 inches.
Other features - Some pedons contain a thin Bw horizon that slightly effervescent.
Control section -
Clay content: 6 to 18 percent.
Rock fragments: 5 to 25 percent.
A horizons -
Value: 6 or 7 dry, 4 through 6 moist.
Chroma: 3 or 4.
Texture of fine earth: Fine sandy loam or loam.
Bqkm horizon -
Continuous laminar cap on unfractured bedrock.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Alko(NV), Muroc(CA), Nebona(CA), and Stewart(AZ) series. Alko, Nebona, and Stewart soils lack bedrock under the hardpan. Muroc soils have a duripan over soft weathered granitic rock, and have sandy loam or coarse sandy loam textures, and contain fine pebbles from decomposed granite.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Zalda soils are on low hill summits and crests. The soils formed in residuum from rhyolitic ash fall tuffs and igneous flow rocks with a component of eolian materials. Slopes are 2 to 30 percent. Elevations are 2,500 to 4,200 feet. The climate is arid with relatively even distribution of moisture with slight peaks in January and August. The average annual precipitation is between 3 and 10 inches; the average annual temperature is about 60 to 65 degrees F., and the frost-free season 210 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Akela, Longjim and Shorim soils. Akela soils lack duripans over the bedrock and are found near rock outcrops. Longjim and Shorim soils have loamy-skeletal control sections are generally found on steeper positions of the landform.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained; moderate to rapid runoff; moderately rapid permeability above the duripan.
USE AND VEGETATION: Rangeland and wildlife habitat. The vegetation consists of shadscale, desertholly, white bursage, creosotebush, and wolfberry.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Southern Nevada. The soils are not extensive. MLRA 30.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Davis, California
SERIES PROPOSED: Nye County, Nevada, Southwest Part, 1985. The name is coined.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Duripan - The indurated zone(Typic) from about 7 to 8 inches (Bqkm horizon).
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.
Established Series
Rev. JR/RLB
05/97
ZIBATE SERIES
The Zibate series consists of shallow, well drained soils that formed in residuum of volcanic flow rock, tuff and quartzite. Zibate soils are on hills and mountain slopes. Slopes are 8 to 90 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 11 inches and mean annual temperature is about 60 degrees F.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, thermic Lithic Haplargids
TYPICAL PEDON: Zibate very gravelly sandy loam, rangeland. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.) The soil surface is partially covered with 45 percent pebbles and 5 percent with cobbles.
A1--0 to 3 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) very gravelly sandy loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) moist; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and slightly plastic; common very fine and fine roots; few very fine tubular pores; 40 percent pebbles and 3 percent cobbles; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); clear smooth boundary. (0 to 7 inches thick)
A2--3 to 6 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) extremely gravelly sandy loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, nonsticky and slightly plastic; common medium and coarse, and few very coarse roots; common very fine and fine tubular pores; 45 percent pebbles and 20 percent cobbles; mildly alkaline (pH 7.8); clear smooth boundary. (0 to 5 inches thick)
Bt1--6 to 10 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) extremely gravelly loam, dark brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; hard, firm, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common medium and coarse, and few very coarse roots; common very fine and fine tubular pores; common distinct clay films on peds faces and coating rock fragments; 55 percent pebbles and 10 percent cobbles; mildly alkaline (pH 7.6); clear smooth boundary. (3 to 13 inches thick)
Bt2--10 to 19 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) extremely gravelly loam, dark brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; hard; firm, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common medium and coarse roots; common fine and medium interstitial pores; common distinct clay films on rock fragments; 65 percent pebbles and 10 percent cobbles; mildly alkaline (pH 7.6); abrupt broken boundary. (0 to 10 inches thick)
R--19 inches; hard fractured rhyolitic bedrock; common faint clay films in fractures.
TYPE LOCATION: Nye County, Nevada; approximately 2 miles northeast of Silicon Mine, about 2,375 feet west and 1,955 feet south of the northeast corner of section 21, T. 11 S., R. 48 E.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture - Usually dry, but moist in some part for short periods in the winter and early spring months and for 10 to 20 days cumulative between July and October due to convection storms.
Soil temperature - 59 to 64 degrees F.,
Depth to bedrock - 14 to 20 inches.
Effervescence - Noneffervescent to strongly effervescent.
A horizon -
Hue: 10YR or 7.5YR.
Value: 3 through 6 dry, 3 through 5 moist.
Chroma: 3 or 4.
Reaction: Mildly alkaline to strongly alkaline.
Bt horizon -
Hue: 10YR or 7.5YR.
Value: 3 through 5 dry or moist.
Chroma: 3 or 4.
Texture of fine earth: Averages loam or clay loam.
Clay content: 18 to 35 percent.
Rock fragments: 60 to 85 percent.
Structure: Subangular blocky or horizon is massive.
Consistence: Soft through hard dry, very friable through firm moist, slightly sticky and slightly plastic wet.
Reaction: Mildly alkaline or moderately alkaline.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Bosa(AZ) and Newera(T NV) series. Bosa soils are moist more than 20 days cumulative during the summer, have soil temperature of 69 to 72 degrees F., and have hue of 5YR and 7.5YR. Newera soils have 35 to 60 percent rock fragments.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Zibate soils are on all aspects of summits and side slopes of hills and mountains. These soils formed in residuum of volcanic flow rock, tuff, and quartzitic bedrock. Slopes are 8 to 90 percent. Elevations are 3,400 to 5,300 feet. The climate is mild, arid with warm dry summers and cold winters. The mean annual precipitation is 9 to 13 inches; mean annual temperature is 57 to 63 degrees F., and the frost- free season is 160 to 200 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Zoyer soils. Zoyer soils lack an argillic horizon.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained; rapid or very rapid runoff; moderately slow permeability.
USE AND VEGETATION: Rangeland and wildlife habitat. The present vegetation is mainly blackbrush, Nevada ephedra, wolfberry, spiny menodora, and shadscale.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Southern Nevada. These soils are moderately extensive. MLRA 30.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Davis, California
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Esmeralda County, Nevada. 1984.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon - The zone from the surface to about 6 inches.
Argillic horizon - The zone from about 6 to 19 inches (Bt horizon).
Lithic contact - The contact at 19 inches (R horizon).
Particle-size control section - The zone from 6 to 19 inches (Bt horizon).
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.