Insurance in a Climate of Change: Bibliography

ABI. 2005a. “Financial Risks of Climate Change.” Association of British Insurers.

ABI. 2005b. “East London Sub-Regional Development Framework: Consultation.” Association of British Insurers, July.

ABI. 2007. “Adapting to Our Changing Climate: A Manifesto For Business, Government, and the Public”. Association of British Insurers.

ABI. 2008a. “Consultation on Proposals for a Scottish Climate Bill: Response by the Association of British Insurers.” Association of British Insurers. April.

ABI. 2008b. Letter to Commissioner Stavros Dimas from Stephen Haddrill, Director General, February 14. Association of British Insurers.

ABI. 2008c. “Association of British Insurers – Guidelines on Responsible Investment Disclosure”. See http//www.ivis.co.uk

ABI. 2008c. “The Summer Floods of 2007: One Year and Beyond.” Association of British Insurers. 20pp.

ACE. 2008. “Political Risk and Trade Credit” Company website, http://www.acegreen.com/products?productid=15&regionid=11 (accessed November 13, 2008)

AIG. 2006. “AIG Global Investment Group Joins Investor Network on Climate Risk,” Company News Release, October 24, http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=76115&p=irol-govresponsNews2&ID=945781&highlight=

AIG. 2006. AIG’s Policy and Programs on Environment and Climate Change.

AIG. 2007a. “Climate Risk and Environmental Solutions”. Company brochure. November. www.aig.com/aigweb/internet/en/files/2878_Climate%20Change%20Brochure_7.08_tcm20-108541.pdf

AIG. 2007b. “Lexington Insurance Company Introduces Upgrade to Green (SM) Residential Property Insurance.” Company Literature, November 13.

AIG. 2007c. “AIG’s Policy and Programs on Environment and Climate Change, version dated May 14, 2007.

AIG. 2007d. “A Conceptual for: Carbon Credit and Delivery Insurance.” Company brochure.

AIG. 2007e. Atlantic station project. Private communication, Lauren Day, AIG, August 30.

AIG. 2007f. “AIG Global Investment Group Signs an Agreement to Invest in Sindicatum Carbon Capital.” Company News Release, May 31.

AIG. 2008a. “Lexington Insurance Company Introduces Lexelite Eco-Homeowner Insurance.” Company News Release, February 26.

AIG. 2008b. “AIG Completes Funding of Carbon Offset Projects in China and the United States” Company News Release, April 23.

Alley, R.B., J. Marotzke, W.D. Nordhaus, J.T. Overpeck, D.M. Peteet, R.A. Pielke Jr., R.T. Pierrehumbert, P.B. Rhines, T.F. Stocker, L.D. Talley, J.M. Wallace. 2005. “Abrupt Climate Change,” Science 299:2005–2010.

Allianz. 2007a. “Allianz Group: Sustainable Products and Services.” http://www.allianz.com/en/allianz_group/sustainability/media/download_links/products_services.html?hits=AGF+Carbon

Allianz. 2007b. "Ecologically-aware driving with Allianz and the WWF", Company Release, September 5 http

Allianz. 2008. “Allianz Introduces Environmental Benefits to Home Insurance Policies”. Company News Release, October 15. http://www.allianz.com.au/allianz/MCLN+20081015+Allianz+introduces+environmental+benefits+to+home+insurance+%E2%80%8Epolicies.html

Allianz. 2008a. “Sustainable Development Report Summary”.

Allianz. 2008b. “Allianz Mail goes Carbon Neutral” Company News Release, July 1. http://www.allianz.com/en/allianz_group/press_center/news/commitment_news/environment/news_2008-07-01.html

Allianz. Aon. 2005. “Aon Provides Strategic Climate Change Review to BG Group.” In Alternative Views: Aon Captive Services Group Newsletter, Issue 43, July.

Allstate. 2008a. Response to 2008 LBNL survey..

Allstate. 2008b. “The Greening of IT.” Presentation by B.K. Landreth to the GreenGrid Technical Forum, February 5-6.

Allstate. 2008c. “Allstate Environmental Policy.” Company website, http://www.allstate.com/environment/environmental-policy.aspx (accessed November 15).

Alpert, M. 2007. “Saving Gas and Lives.” ScientificAmerican.com, October.

American Insurance Association. 2000. “Potential Areas of Focus for the OECD with Regard to Global Catastrophe Mitigation.” American Insurance Association, Washington, D.C.

Anderson, M. and D. Gardiner. 2008. “Managing the Risks and Opportunities of Climate Change: A Practical Toolkit for Investors,” April, 37pp. Published by Ceres and the Investor Network on Climate Risks.

Aon. 2005. “Aon Provides Strategic Climate Change Review to BG Group.” In Alternative Views: Aon Captive Services Group Newsletter, Issue 43, July.

Aon 2007a. “Aon Establishes New Agri-Fuels Group to Manage Renewable Fuels Industry Risks,” Company news release, January 31, see http://www.aon.com/about/news/press_release/pr_00697117_Agri-Fuels_Manage_Renewable_Risks_Established.jsp

Aon. 2007. “Will Insurers be Burned by the Climate Change Phenomenon?” September, 11pp.

Arnold & Porter, LLP. 2008. Climate Change Litigation Chart. http://www.climatecasechart.com ( (Accessed October 14, 2008)

Ascent. 2007. “Ascent Insurance Brokers engineer a landmark deal – PRUPIM and R&SA power property industry first.” Company News Release. October 9.

Association of British Insurers. 2005. “The Financial Risks of Climate Change.”

The Australian Climate Group. 2006. “Climate Change: Solutions for Australia.” World Wildlife Fund and the Insurance Australia Group. See also http://www.iag.com.au/pub/iag/sustainability/index.shtml

Avery, D., E. Mills, M. Breighner, and J. Naylis. 1998. "Campus Lighting--Lighting Efficiency Options for Student Residential Living Units: A Study at Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts". LBNL/PUB-816. Also published by Arkwright Mutual Insurance Co. (now part of FM Global) and by the University Risk Management and Insurance Association's URMIA Journal, 1999, pp. 44-52, Chevy Chase, MD.

Aviva. 2006. CSR website, see http://www.aviva.com/csr06/index.asp?pageid=21

AXA. 2006. “Preparing for Climate Change – A Practical Guide for Small Businesses” http://www.axa.co.uk/aboutus/corporate_publications/climatechange_docs/AXA%20Preparing%20for%20climate%20change.pdf

AXA. 2007. Company response to the Fifth Carbon Disclosure Project survey.

AXA. 2008. Company response to 2008 LBNL survey.

BASF. 2008. “Can Chemistry Protect a Home from Natural Disasters?” http://www.betterhomebetterplanet.com/index.php?mode=benefits&section=strength (Accessed December 30, 2008).

Beattie, J. 2002. “Auto Insurers Back new CAFE Plan.” The Energy Daily, 30 (17):1.

Bennett, R.A. 2007. “Could Soaring Gas Prices Fuel Opposition to Credit Scoring for Auto Underwriting?” National Underwriter: Property & Casualty, August 6, p. 14.

Bhambhani, D. 2008. “DOE Reaches Agreement with Company over Disputed Energy Star Refrigerators.” Inside DOE. December 1, p. 8.

Blanton, K. 2008. “Cape Owners Avoid Big Hike in Insurance.” Boston Globe. May 9.

Boison, L. 2005. "Will Post Katrina Gas Shortages Impact Auto Claim Frequencies?", Pinnacle

Bordoff, J.E. 2008. “Pay-as-You-Drive Car Insurance.” Democracy Journal, Issue #8, Spring 2008 http://www.brookings.edu/articles/2008/spring_car_insurance_bordoff.aspx

Bowers, B. 2003. “Smoke Stream: Insurers and Brokers Find New Business Opportunities in Emissions Trading and Managing Emissions Risk.” Best’s Review, November, p. 50.

Brady, M. 2008. “Candidates’ Carbon Cap & Trade Stand Could Call for New Pollution Products”, National Underwriter Property and Casualty July 28, p. 16.

Brodsky, M. 2008. “All Shades of Green Insurance.” Risk and Insurance, July 1. http://www.riskandinsurance.com/story.jsp?storyId=100265712&sub=false

Brovik, C. 2006. “New Insurance Benefit for RESNET Members.” Home Energy Magazine, p. 5, July/August.

Bryden, H.L, H.R. Longworth, and S. A. Cunningham. 2005. “Slowing of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation at 25°N.” Nature. Vol. 438, pp. 655-658.

Burby, R.J. 2006. “Hurricane Katrina and the Paradoxes of Government Disaster Policy,” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, March.

Business Insurance. 2008. “ACE Unit to Focus on Indoor Air Quality.” December 15, p. 21.

Business Wire. 2007. “Travelers Stays In-synch with Climate Change.” September 24, 2007

CADOI. 2008. “Insurance Commissioner Poizner Sets Framework For Environmentally–Friendly Automobile Insurance, Increased Options For Consumers.” California Department of Insurance News Release, August 27, http://www.insurance.ca.gov/0400-news/0100-press-releases/0070-2008/release089-08.cfm

Carr, M. 2005. “Swiss Re Offers Products to Limit European Carbon Risks.” Bloomberg, March 30.

Carroll, A. and K. Seakins. 2008. “Insurance for Commercial IGCC Projects is Breaking New Ground.” GTW IGCC Reference Guide.

CAS. 2003. “Overview of Enterprise Risk Management.” Casualty Actuarial Society, Enterprise Risk Management Committee, 61pp. Casualty Actuarial Society.

CAS. 2008. “Going Green in More Ways Than One”. Actuarial Review. Casualty Actuarial Society.

Catastrophe Modeling Forum. 2007. “Changing Climatic Dynamics and Catastrophe Model Projections.” Workshop Report, October 16-17. All presentations are available here: http://www.iii.org/media/met/cmf/

Cavanaugh, B. 2006. “A Drop in the Bucket”. Bests Review, August, p. 112.

Cavanaugh, B. 2008. “Clearing After the Storm.” Best’s Review, December, p. 66.

CCRIF. 2008. Caribbean Catastrophe Risk Insurance Facility Donor Pledging Conference - Washington, DC, February 26, 2007, http://web.worldbank.org/external/default/main?pagePK=1497618&theSitePK=339287&contentMDK=21353466&noSURL=Y (Accessed November 15, 2008)

CDP. 2008. Carbon Disclosure Project website, http://www.cdproject.net/

CEA: The European Insurance and Reinsurance Federation. 2007. “Reducing the Social and Economic Impact of Climate Change and Natural Catastrophes: Insurance Solutions and Public-Private Partnerships.” July, 40pp. CEA, Brussels.

Ceniceros, R. 2006. “Catastrophe Model Changes Tighten Market for Storm Risks.” Business Insurance, p. 24, June 12.

Ceres. 2006. “Marsh, Yale and Ceres Join To Educate Corporate Directors About The Risks, Opportunities Posed By Climate Change.” Ceres News Release, September 21 http://www.ceres.org/news/news_item.php?nid=229

Ceres. 2008. “Ceres-ACCA Sustainability Reporting Awards.” http://www.ceres.org/Page.aspx?pid=433 (Accessed October 23, 2008).

Changnon, S.A., D. Changnon, E.R. Fosse, D.C. Hoganson, R.J. Roth Sr., and J.M. Totsch. 1997. “Effects of Recent Weather Extremes on the Insurance Industry: Major Implications for the Atmospheric Sciences,” Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society

Cheslin, N. 2005. “Insuring a Green Future: A Proposal to Integrate the Interests of the Insurance and Green Buildings Industries.” The Green Roundtable, Massachusetts.

Chesnin, N. 2005. “Insuring a Green Future: A Proposal to Integrate the Interests of the Insurance and Green Buildings Industries.” The Green Roundtable, Massachusetts.

Childs, D. 2007. “Insurers Eye Profits in Greentech.” Inside Green Tech. April 11 http://www.insidegreentech.com/node/1002

Chubb. 2007. “Chubb Assembles Green Energy Team,” Company News Release, August 20, 2007 http://www.environmentalleader.com/2007/08/20/chubb-assembles-green-energy-team/

Chubb. 2008. “Green Buildings: Protecting Your Investment in Protecting the Environment.” Company brochure. November.

CIS. 2008. See http://www.cis.co.uk/

City of New York. 2008. “Mayor Bloomberg Launches Task Force to Adapt Critical Infrastructure to Environmental Effects of Climate Change.” News Release, August 12.

CLF. 2005. “Environmental Insurance Agency Promotes Mileage-Based Insurance.” http://www.clf.org/general/index.asp?id=604

Climate Risk. 2008. “From Risk to Advantage: General Insurers as Key Agents for Climate Change Adaptation,” Prepared for Zurich Financial Australia, 160pp.

Climateandinsurance.org. 2008a. “Takefive Interview with Howard Mills.” http://www.climateandinsurance.org/takefive/08archives.htm

Climateandinsurance.org. 2008b. “Takefive Interview” with Robert Flynn.” http://www.climateandinsurance.org/takefive/08archives.htm

Climateandinsurance.org. 2008c. “Takefive Interview with Peter Thompson.” http://www.climateandinsurance.org/takefive/08archives.htm

Climateandinsurance.org. 2008d. “Takefive Interview with David Teed.” http://www.climateandinsurance.org/takefive/08archives.htm

ClimateBiz. 2008. “ACE Green Offers Business Insurance for Climate Related Risk.” September 9. http://www.climatebiz.com/news/2008/09/09/ace-green-offers-businesses-insurance-climate-related-risk. See also http://www.acegreen.com/products?productid=9&regionid=11

Collins, S. 2007. “Risk Mangers Grapple with Renewable Energy.” Business Insurance, June 18, p. 12.

Company Car Driver. 2008. “Norwich Union withdraws black-box insurance.” June 18. http://www.companycardriver.co.uk/news/article/?art_ID=455143201

Conley, J.L. 2007. “Gathering Storm.” Daily Report, September 18. http://www.dailyreportonline.com/Editorial/News/new_singleEdit.asp?individual_SQL=9%2F18%2F2007%4016655_Public_.htm

Consumer Reports. 2009. “Chilling Numbers on Fridge Efficiency.” January, p. 42.

Costanza, R., O. Perez-Maqueo, M. Martinez, P. Sutton, S. Anderson and K. Mulder. 2008. “The Value of Coastal Wetlands for Hurricane Protection.” AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment. June 2008.

Courtemanche, R.H. 2008. Letter to the International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) Development Committee. February 20. From the President, Personal Insurance, Fireman’s Fund.

Coyne, F.J. 2009. “Improving Risk-Based Auto Underwriting.” Best’s Review, January, p. 64.

CSR Wire. 2008. “Ceres and Heinz Center Launch Resilient Coasts Initiative”. May 8. http://www.csrwire.com/News/11981.html

Deering, A. and J.P. Thornton. 1998. “Solar Technology and the Insurance Industry: Issues and Applications.” NREL/MP 520-25866, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 14pp.

Del Percio, S. 2008. “Shaw Development v. Southern Builders: The Anatomy of America’s First Green Building Litigation,” Greenbuildingsnyc.com, August 20, http://www.greenbuildingsnyc.com/2008/08/20/the-anatomy-of-americas-first-green-building-litigation/

Dixon, L., J.W. Macdonald, and J. Zissimopoulos. 2007. “Commercial Wind Insurance in the Gulf States: Developments Since Hurricane Katrina and Challenges Moving Forward.” RAND Institute for Civil Justice, 14pp.

Dlugolecki, A. 2004. “A Changing Climate for Insurance.” Association of British Insurers, 24pp.

Dlugolecki, A. 2006. “Adaptation and Vulnerability to Climate Change: The Role of the Finance Sector.” United Nations Environment Programme. November.

Dlugolecki, A. and S. Lafeld. 2005. “Climate Change and the Financial Sector: An Agenda for Action.” Allianz and the World Wildlife Fund, 59 pp.

Dowding, T. 2008. “Insurers, Reinsurers Often Back Research Into Climate Change.” Business Insurance, November 17, p. 26.

Doyle, A. 2008. Trees to Fight Warming? Insurers Ponder Risks.” Reuters, November 26. http://www.reuters.com/article/email/idUSTRE4AQ0HY20081127

Dubner, S.J. and S.D. Levett. 2008. “Not-So-Free Ride.” New York Times Magazine. April 20.

Ecover. 2008. Customer survey to determine green discount. http://www.ecocover.co.uk/commercial_questionnaire.html

Electric Power Research Institute. 2007. “The Power to Reduce CO2 Emissions: The Full Portfolio.” Prepared for the EPRI 2007 Summer Seminar, The EPRI Energy Technology Assessment Center.

Emanuel, K. 2005. “Increasing Destructiveness of Tropical Cyclones over The Past 30 years,” Nature, 436, pp. 686-688.

Enex. 2006. “First Geothermal Power Plant in Hungary.” http://www.enex.is/?PageID=143&NewsID=4259

Enkvist, P-A., T. Nauclér, and J. Rosander. 2007. "A cost curve for greenhouse gas reduction", McKinsey Quarterly Number 1 http://www.mckinseyquarterly.com/article_page.aspx? ar=1911&L2=3&L3=41&srid=27&gp=0

Environmental Defense. 2007. “Blown Away: How Global Warming is Eroding the Availability of Insurance Coverage in America’s Coastal States.”

Environmental Finance. 2000. “Aon Carbon Broadens its Reach.” http://www.environmental-finance.com/2000/newsnov2.htm

Epstein, P. 2005. “Climate Change and Human Health,” New England Journal of Medicine, 353, 14:1433.

Epstein, P. and E. Mills (eds.). 2005. "Climate Change Futures: Health, Ecological and Economic Dimensions." Published by Harvard Medical School, sponsored by Swiss Re and the U.N. Development Programme.. (Contributing Authors: Pamela Anderson, John Brownstein, Ulisses Confalonieri, Douglas Causey, Nathan Chan, Kristie L. Ebi, Jonathan H. Epstein, J. Scott Greene, Ray Hayes, Eileen Hofmann, Laurence S. Kalkstein, Tord Kjellstrom, Rebecca Lincoln, Anthony J. McMichael, Charles McNeill, David Mills, Avaleigh Milne, Alan D. Perrin, Geetha Ranmuthugala, Christine Rogers, Cynthia Rosenzweig, Colin L. Soskolne, Gary Tabor, Marta Vicarelli, X.B. Yang).

Ernst & Young. 2008. “Strategic Business Risk 2008: Insurance”. EYG no. EG0015. http://www.ey.com/global/content.nsf/International/Media_-_Press_Release_-_Strategic_Risk_to_Insurance_Industry

Esurance. 2008. Company website. http://www.esurance.com/sos

Farenthold, D.A. 2008. “Value of U.S. House's Carbon Offsets Is Murky.” January 28, p. A01. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/01/27/AR2008012702400.html

Farmers. 2005. “Farmers Insurance Group Announces Hybrid Vehicle Discount in California,” Company news release, October 17.

Felsted, A. 2007. “Insurance: Managing the Risks of Climate Change Perils.” Financial Times. October 12, 2007.

FFIC. 2008a.“Fireman's Fund Helping Commercial Fleets to "Go Green". Company News Release, June 20. http://www.allianz.com/en/allianz_group/press_center/news_dossiers/climate_und_energy/news_2008-06-20.html

FFIC. 2008b. “Fireman’s Fund Insurance Company Launches Green Coverage for Manufacturers.” Company News Release.

FFIC. 2008c. “Inland Marine Builders’ Risk Insurance: Green Insurance for Environmentally Sound Construction.” Company Brochure, 4pp.

Fletcher, M. 2008. “NAIC Calls on Insurers to Report Climate Risks.” Business Insurance, June 9, p. 3.

FM Global. 2007. “Property Loss Prevention Data Sheet: Green Roof Systems.” 1-35. January. 26pp.

Fortis. 2007. Fortis response to the 2007 Carbon Disclosure Project survey, http://www.cdproject.net/

Fried, J.S., M.S. Torn, E. Mills. 2004. “The Impact of Climate Change on Wildfire Severity:A Regional Forecast for Northern California,” Climatic Change 64 (1–2): 169-191.

Friedman, S. 2007. “Be Practical on Climate Risk, Insurers Told.” National Underwriter: Property & Casualty, November 12, p. 10.

Friedman, S. 2008 “Models Aren’t Cat’s Meow.” National Underwriter: Property & Casualty, May 5, p. 5.

Friedman, S. 2009. "Like a Bad Neighbor?". National Underwriter: Property Casualty, January 16.

Friends of the Earth. 2005. “Climate Risk Reporting in SEC Filings of Publicly-Traded Property & Casualty Insurers.”

Frost and Sullivan Research Service. 2007. “Pay As You Drive (PAYD) – New Age Vehicle Insurance Based on Core Telematics Foundation.” June 6. http://www.frost.com/prod/servlet/market-insight-top.pag?docid=99661873

Gale, A. 2003. “Actuaries in Australia – Current Developments.” Presentation to the Actuarial Society of Hong Kong, 26 July.

Gambrill, D. 2007. “Changing the World.” Canadian Underwriter, October.

GAO. 2004. “Crop Insurance: USDA Needs to Improve Oversight of Insurance Companies and Develop a Policy to Address Any Future Insolvencies,” United States General Accounting Office, Report GAO-04-517, 55pp.

GAO. 2007a. “Climate Change: Financial Risks to Federal and Private Insurers in Coming Decades are Potentially Significant.” GAO-07-285.

GAO. 2007b. “Underinflated Tires in the United States.” U.S. Government Accountability Office, Memorandum to Senator Dorgan, February 9.

Garcia, B.E. and E. S. Benn. 2008. “Insurers See Greater Risk of Hurricanes and Charge More.” Miami Herald.com, May 31.

General Insurance Association of Japan. 2007. “The Eco & Safety Drive” Program, http://www.sonpo.or.jp/e/about_us/pdf/eco_brochure.pdf

Geneva Association. 2008. Climate Change Research Program. http://www.genevaassociation.org/Home/Climate_Change.aspx

German News Digest. 2005. “German Allianz to Invest in Renewable Energies.” 29 June.

Gifford, H. 2008. “A Better Way to Rate Green Buildings.” http://www.energysavingscience.com/

GIRO. No date. “GIRO Flood Risks Working Party”, General Insurance Research Organization, UK, 121 pp.

Global Green Rating. 2008. “Five Leading International Firms Join Forces to Develop a Global Environmental Rating of Existing Buildings.” Company news release, June 10.

Gordes, J. 2000. “The Power to Insure: Reducing Insurance Claims with new Electricity Options. Greenfield, MA: Northeast Sustainable Energy Association.

Green, M. 2003. “A Hole in the Wall.” Best’s Review, p. 51, July.

Green, M. 2006. “SUVs No Safer Than Passenger Cars for Kids.” Best’s Review, p 97, February.

Green, M. 2008.“The Green Wave.” Best’s Review, March, p. 32.

Greener Buildings. 2008. “Travelers Introduces Green Insurance for Small Businesses.” November 3. http://www.greenerbuildings.com/news/2008/11/03/travelers-green-insurance

Greenwald, J. 2008. “Climate Change Broadens Scope of Risk.” Business Insurance, Feb 11, p. 21.

Greenwald, J. 2008. “Florida’s Storm Insurer Could Face Shortfall.” Business Insurance, October 20, page 3.

Greenwald, J. 2008. “Investments Cat Losses Hit Results at Swiss Re.” Business Insurance, November 10, p. 21.

Gusman, P. 2008. “Are Insurers Too Reliant on Cat Models?” National Underwriter: Property & Casualty, April 28, p. 7.

Harris, C. 2008. “Eco Insurance.” Canadian Underwriter, March. http://www.canadianunderwriter.ca/issues/ISArticle.asp?story_id=745500110339&issue=03012008&PC=

Hays, D. 2008. “NAIC Okays ‘Baseline’ Plan to Monitor Climate Change Impact.” National Underwriter: Property & Casualty, June 9, p 7.

Hays, D. 2008a. “Auto Insurers Challenge Call for Rate Cuts.” National Underwriter: Property & Casualty, August 18/25, p 7.

Hays, D. 2008b. “Auto Policy Based on Miles Driven Launched Down Under.” National Underwriter: Property & Casualty, September 15, p. 20.

Hays, D. 2008c. “Insurance Groups Balk at Data Reporting Mandates on Impact of Climate Change.” National Underwriter: Property & Casualty, April 7, p. 10.

Hays, D. 2009. "State Farm to Leave Florida Homeowners Insurance Market." National Underwriter: Property Casualty, February 2.

Hemenway, C. 2008. “Farmers Insurance to Leave N.C. Homeowners Market.” Best’s Review, October, p.150.

Herweijer, C. 2008. "Climate Change Liability: Some Perspectives from RMS". Presented at the Munich Re Climate Liability Workshop, Princeton, Oct 14.

Hoeppe, Peter. No Date. “Munich Re’s Response to the Challenges of Climate Change.” Munich Reinsurance Company, Geo Risks Research. Presentation.

Hoffman, D. 2006. “Directors and Officers Liability Insurance (D&O Insurance).” Pacific Risks.

Holly, C. 2008. “Bingaman Signals Caution on Carbon Offsets.” The Energy Daily, November 13, p. 4.

HSBC. 2008. Corporate website, http://www.solarmortgage.co.uk/. (Accessed October 22)

Huang, P. 2006. “Climate Boiling Point.” Forbes, p. 42, January 9.

Hunter, R. 2008. “Gas Prices Should Impact Rates for Auto Insurance.” National Underwriter: Property & Casualty, October 27, p. 34.

Hyman, A.S. 2006. “Sarbanes-Oxley will Force Corporations to Confront Climate Change.” Fiske Walter Capital Management, Ltd.

IBHS. 2004. “The Benefits of Modern Wind Resistant Building Codes on Hurricane Claim Frequency and Severity, Hurricane Charley Charlotte County,” Institute for Business and Home Safety, August 13.

IBRD. 2006. Description of AIG credit-support for certified emissions reductions. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, Canadensis Acquisition LTD, , AIG, and Natsource. August 25.

ICF. 2003 “Insights: Pay-As-You-Drive Insurance Offers Potential Benefits to Consumers and the Environment.” (Winter) http://www.icfconsulting.com/transportation

IDNR. 2000. “Insurance Industry Participation in Promotion of Building Energy Codes.” Prepared by the Center for Business and Economic Research, Louisiana State University, for Iowa Department of Natural Resources, August.

IIABA. 2007. “Consumers Can Minimize Homeowner Insurance Non-Renewals, Rate Increases.” Independent Insurance Agents & Brokers of America News Release, June 7, Washington, D.C. http://www.iiaba.net/na/02_News/02_PressRelease/NA20070711114437?ContentPreference=NA&ActiveState=0&ContentLevel1=NEWS&ContentLevel2=NEWSPRESS&ContentLevel3=&ActiveTab=NA&StartRow=0

ING. 2008. “2007: Corporate Responsibility Report” http://www.ing.com/group/showdoc.jsp?docid=075241_EN&menopt=ins|res

Innovest. “Carbon Disclosure Project Report 2007.” Innovest Strategic Value Advisors.

Inside Energy. 2008. “Electric Utilities Cite Liability Concerns of Underground Carbon Sequestration.” March 10, p. 7.

Institution of Civil Engineers. 2008. “Flooding: Engineering Resilience.” United Kingdom. June.

Insurance Australia Group. 2006. “IAG to be Carbon Neutral by 2012.” Company News Release, November 15.

Insurance Journal. 2006. “RNK Capital and Swiss Re Structure First Insurance.”

Insurance Journal. 2007a. “Willis Report Tackles Global Warming Impact on Risk Management.” December 27. http://www.insurancejournal.com/news/international/2007/12/27/85925.htm?print=1

Insurance Journal. 2007b. “Fireman's Fund Adds Green Amendments to Builders Risk Policy.” October 18. http://www.insurancejournal.com/news/national/2007/10/18/84396.htm?print=1

Insurance Journal. 2007c. “Swiss Re Launches Climate Program,” September 27. http://www.insurancejournal.com/news/international/2007/09/27/83759.htm)

Insurance Journal. 2008a. “Nobel Peace Prize Winners Honor Catastrophe Model Pioneer Clark.” May 22. http://www.insurancejournal.com/news/national/2008/05/22/90244.htm

Insurance Journal. 2008b. “Liberty Mutual Unearths 'Green' Commercial Property Coverages.” April 23. http://www.insurancejournal.com/news/national/2008/04/23/89363.htm?print=1

Insurance Journal. 2008c. “Aon Launches ‘Green Building Property Program’”. August 7

Investment News. 2006. “Financial Services Industry Addresses Climate Change Issue.” June 19.

IPCC. 2005. “Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage.” Bert Metz, Ogunlade Davidson, Heleen de Coninck, Manuela Loos and Leo Meyer (Eds.) Cambridge University Press, UK. pp 431.

Joint Science Academies’ Statement: Global Response to Climate Change.” http://www.nationalacademies.org/onpi/06072005.pdf

Kats, G., L. Alevantis, A. Berman, E. Mills, and J. Perlman. 2003. "The Costs and Financial Benefits of Green Buildings: A Report to California's Sustainable Building Task Force." Capital E, Washington D.C.

Kerr, R.A. 2006. “No Doubt About It, the World is Warming.” Science (news section) Vol. 312, pp. 825.

Kovacs, P. 2005. “Homeowners and Natural Hazards.” Canadian Underwriter, January 2.

Kovacs, P. 2006. “Hope for the Best and Prepare for the Worst: How Canada’s Insurers Stay a Step Ahead of Climate Change.” Policy Options, p. 53-56, December/January.

Kramer, D. 2008. “DOE Urget to Proceed More Deliberately with Global Plan to Expand Nuclear Power.” Physics Today, July, p. 19.

Kroner, W., J.A. Stark-Martin, and T. Willemain. 1992. “Using Advanced Office Technology to Increase Productivity.” Center for Architectural Research and Center for Services Research and Education, Rensselaer University, Troy, NY.

Lavoie, D.R. 2006. “Katrina Puts Spotlight Back on Mold.” National Underwriter: Property & Casualty, April 10, p. 16.

Lecomte, E. A.W. Pang, J.W. Russell. 1998. “Ice Storm ’98.” Institute for Catastrophic Loss Reduction and Institute for Business and Home Safety.

Lenckus, D. 2008.a “D&O Insurers Not Yet Closely Examining Climate Change Risks.” Business Insurance, November 17, p. 20.

Lenckus, D. 2008b. “Insurers Have Yet to Restrict Climate Change-related Losses.” Business Insurance, November 17, p. 23.

Lewis., Kellie. 2006. Insurance Australia Group. Private communication, May 25.

Lifsher, M. 2007. “Warming Threat Disclosure Sought.” Los Angeles Times, September 18.

Lifsher, M. 2008. “California Insurance Commissioner Backs Pay-as-you-drive Policies,” August 28, http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-insure28-2008aug28,1,5163500.story

Linden, E. 2006. The Winds of Change: Climate, Weather, and the Destruction of Civilizations. Simon & Schuster: New York.

Lloyd’s of London. 2007. “Insurers Breathe Energy into Renewable Sector.” Company News Release, July 10, http://www.lloyds.com/News_Centre/Features_from_Lloyds/Insurers+breathe+energy+into+renewable+sector.htm

Lloyd’s of London. 2008. “Directors in the Dock: Is Business Facing a Liability Crisis?” Survey of 183 board-level corporate executives conducted by the Economist Intelligence Unit.

Lloyds of London. 2006. “Climate Change, Adapt or Bust.” See also: http://www.lloyds.com/News_Centre/360_risk_project/

M. C.-Fishel. 2006. “Fifth Survey of Climate Change Disclosure in SEC Filings of Automobile, Insurance, Oil & Gas, Petrochemical, and Utilities Companies.” Friends of the Earth – US, 188pp.

Mac-Donald-Smith, A. 2007. “Climate Change to Boost Insured Losses, Allianz Says,” Blomberg, September 18.

Maier, R. 2006. “Natural Disasters Create Pollution Hazards.” National Underwriter: Property & Casualty, July 24, p. 16.

Makower, J., Pernick, R., Wilder, C. 2006. "Clean Energy Trends 2006." Clean Edge, Inc. p.3. McGraw Hill.

Mann, M.E. and K.A. Emanuel. 2006. “Atlantic Hurricane Trends Linked to Climate Change.” EOS Transactions, American Geophysical Union, 87(24), p. 233.

Marsh. 2004. “Responding to Climate Change Risks and Opportunities.” Topics Letter Number XVI.

Marsh. 2006. “Survey of Insurance Availability for Renewable Energy Projects.” 15pp, March.

Marsh. 2006a. “Risk Alert: Climate Change: Business Risks and Solutions.” Vol 5, Issue 2, April, 36pp.

Marsh. 2006b. “Survey of Insurance Availability for Renewable Energy Projects.” 15pp, March.

Marsh. 2007. Sustainability Report: 2007. http://www.mmc.com/news/Sustainability200705.pdf

Marsh. 2008.a “The Green Built Environment in the United States: The State of the Insurance Marketplace”. Report #MA8-10211. New York, 17pp.

Marsh. 2008.b “The Green Built Environment in the United States: 2008 Year-end Update of The State of the Insurance Marketplace”. Report #MA9-10017. New York, 19pp.

Maynard, Trevor. 2008. Private communication with Sharlene Leurig, January 28.

McLeod, D. 2007. “Japan’s Earth Simulator to Model Catastrophes.” Business Insurance, February 26, p. 3.

MEAG. 2008. “MEAG Launches the KlimaStrategie Equity Fund.” News Release, March 13. “http://www.meag.com/reddot/html/en/company/up_peressemitteilungen_5254.asp (Accessed 31 October 2008)

Mehra, M. no date. “Climate Change – The Edge of a New Frontier.” World Council for Corporate Governance.

Mills E. 2005. Response to: "Attribution of Disaster Losses" Science, Vol. 310, pp. 1615-1616. 9 December.

Mills, E. 1999. "The Insurance and Risk Management Industries: New Players in the Delivery of Energy-Efficient Products and Services." Prior versions published in Proceedings of the ECEEE 1999 Summer Study, European Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy, May 31-June 4, 1999, Mandelieu, France, updated in Energy Policy 31:1257-1272..

Mills, E. 2001. "When the Lights Go Out." Best's Review. Oldwick, NJ: A.M. Best Company, pp. 73-77, July.

Mills, E. 2003. "Risk Transfer via Energy Savings Insurance." Energy Policy, 31:273-281. LBNL-48927.

Mills, E. 2003. "The Insurance and Risk Management Industries: New Players in the Delivery of Energy-Efficient Products and Services." Energy Policy 31:1257-1272.

Mills, E. 2004. "Insurance as an Adaptation Strategy for Extreme Weather Events in Developing Countries and Economies in Transition: New Opportunities for Public-Private Partnerships." Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Report No. 52220.

Mills, E. 2005. "Insurance in a Climate of Change," Science Vol. 308, No. 5737, pp.1040-1044, August 12.

Mills, E. 2006. “Synergisms between Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation: An Insurance Perspective,” Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, Special Issue on Challenges in Integration Mitigation and Adaptation Responses to Climate Change. 12:809–842.

Mills, E. 2007. "The Role of NAIC in Responding to Climate Change,” UCLA Journal of Environmental Law and Policy, Volume 26, Issue 1, pp. 129-168. Originally published as Testimony to the National Association of Insurance Commissioners, December 8, 2006, San Antonio, TX.

Mills, E. and I. Knoepfel. 1997. “Energy Efficiency Options for Insurance Loss Prevention.” Proceedings of the ECEEE Summer Study, June 9-14, Prague.

Mills, E., G. Shamshoian, M. Blazek, P. Naughton, R.S. Seese, E. Mills, W. Tschudi, and D. Sartor. 2007. "The Business Case for Energy Management in High-Tech Industries." Energy Efficiency, 1(1). DOI 10.1007/s12053-007-9000-8.

Mills, E., H. Friedman, T. Powell, N. Bourassa, D. Claridge, T. Haasl, and M.A. Piette. 2004. "The Cost-Effectiveness of Commercial-Buildings Commissioning: A Meta-Analysis of Energy and Non-Energy Impacts in Existing Buildings and New Construction in the United States." Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Report No. 56637.

Mills, E., R.J. Roth Jr., and E. Lecomte. 2006. "Availability and Affordability of Insurance Under Climate Change: A Growing Challenge for the U.S." Journal of Insurance Regulation, Winter 2006, Vol. 25, Issue No. 2, pp. 109-149.

Mucerino, R. 2008. “Insuring the Future in a Changing World The Impact of Climate Change on Insurance, Financial Products and Services “ Presentation at the Yale Carbon Finance speaker series, February 28.

Multihazard Mitigation Council. 2006 “Natural Hazard Mitigation Saves: An Independent Study to Assess the Future Savings from Mitigation Activities.” National Institute of Building Sciences. Prepared for FEMA.

Munich Re and American Re. 2006. “Hurricanes: More Intense, More Frequent, More Expensive.” Munich Reinsurance Company and American Reinsurance Company, 44pp.

Munich Re. 2004. “Perspectives: Today’s Ideas for Tomorrow’s World,”, p. 29.

Munich Re. 2005. Weather Catastrophes and Climate Change. Munchener Ruckversicherungs-Gesellschaft, Munich.

Munich Re. 2007. “Topics Geo: Natural Catastrophes 2006: Analyses, Assessments, Positions.” Munich Reinsurance Company, 50pp.

Munich Re. 2008a. “Catastrophe figures for 2008 confirm that climate agreement is urgently needed.” Company News Release, December 29.

Munich Re. 2008b. "Climate-Risk-Change-Chance." Catalog for the Munich Re Touring Exhibition 2008. Pub Number 302-05874, pages 23 and 30.

Munich Re. 2008c. “Will Climate Change Alter Liability Risks?” Workshop, http://www.munichre.com/en/ts/geo_risks/climate_change_and_insurance/climate_liability_workshop/default.aspx

NAIC. 2008a. The Potential Impacts of Climate Change on Insurance Regulation. National Association of Insurance Commissioners.

NAIC. 2008b. Climate Change Study Focuses on Insurance Impact. National Association of Insurance Commissioners News Release, San Francisco (June 2).

NAMIC. 2008. See http://www.climateandinsurance.org/initiatives.htm

National Research Council. 2006. “Surface Temperature Reconstructions for the Last 2,000 Years.” National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering, Washington, D.C.

National Underwriter. 2008. “LIU Creates D&O Coverage to Protect Against Global Warming Litigation.” July 31. “http://www.insurancejournal.com/news/national/2008/07/31/92388.htm (accessed October 30, 2008).

Nevala-Lee, E.D. 2008. “Green Building Insurance Practices.” The Cooperator, newsletter of The Cooperators Insurance Company.

Nicholls, R. J. et al. (2008) "Ranking Port Cities with High Exposure and Vulnerability to Climate Extremes: Exposure Estimates", OECD Environment Working Papers, No. 1, OECD: Paris. doi: 10.1787/011766488208

NRDC. 2008. “Acknowledging Growing Financial Risk, Top Banks Issue New Emission-Based Principles for Power Plant Loans.” Natural Resources Defense Council, News Release, http://www.nrdc.org/media/2008/080204c.asp

Nutter, F.W. 1996. “Insurance and the Natural Sciences: Partners in the Public Interest,” Research Review: Journal of the Society of Insurance Research, pp. 15-19 (Fall), Marietta, GA, USA.

O’Connor, R. and L. Goch. 2004. “U.S. and U.K. Policyholders Test ‘Pay As You Drive’.” Best’s Review, p. 54, October.

OECD. 2007. “Ranking of the World’s Cities Most Exposed to Coastal Flooding Today and in the Future – Executive Summary.” Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Risk Management Solutions, The Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, Southampton University, and Meteo France, 12pp.

Office of the Attorney General. 2008. “Attorney General Cuomo, Joined by Vice President Gore, Announces Agreement with Major Energy Company, Dynegy Inc.” October 23. http://www.oag.state.ny.us/media_center/2008/oct/oct23a_08.html

Oreskes, N. 2004. “Beyond the Ivory Tower: The Scientific Consensus on Climate Change.” Science. Vol. 306. No. 5702, p. 1686

Orleans, D. 2007. “Feeling the Heat How Greenhouse Gas Emissions Standards and Trading Systems are Creating Risks and Opportunities around The World.” Willis Environmental Risk Newsletter, November, Issue 11.

Osborne, H. 2006. “’Green’ Insurance Offsets Carbon Emissions.” The Guardian, http://money.guardian.co.uk/insurance_/motor/story/0,,1783919,00.html

Panko, R. 2008. “Saving Their Energy.” Best’s Review, March, p. 52.

Parker, D. 2005. “Post-Hurricane Opportunities.” Home Energy, March/April, p. 24-27.

Parzych, B.R. and D. MacPhaul. 2005. “Commissioning the Building Envelope: Surviving Hurricanes Charley, Frances, and Jeanne.” National Conference on Building Commissioning, May 4-6.

Patton, L. 2008a. “Beyond Rising Sea Levels: Using the Insurance Asset to Manage Risk and Maximize Opportunity in the ‘Green’ Economic Paradigm Shift.” European Business Review. July/August. http://europeanbusinessreview.net/article30.html

Patton, L. 2008b. “Beyond Rising Sea Levels: The Importance of the Insurance Asset in the Process of Accelerating Delivery of New Technology to Market to Combat Climate Change.” European Business Review September/October. July/August. http://europeanbusinessreview.net/article35.html

PAYD Bulletin. 2007a. October 24 entry, http://payasyoudrive.wordpress.com/category/uncategorized/

PAYD Bulletin. 2007b. July 28 entry, http://payasyoudrive.wordpress.com/category/uncategorized/

Perr & Knight. 2008. “Car Insurance by the Mile.” January 9.

Phillips, Z. 2009. "Energy Capacity Shrinks as Storm Losses Mount." Business Insurance, January 19, p. 3.

Postal, A.D. 2008. “Flood Rating System Flawed, GAO Warns.” National Underwriter: Property & Casualty, December 8, p. 10.

PricewaterhouseCoopers. 2007. “ ‘Too Much Regulation’ Tops Insurance Risks.” Centre for the Study of Financial Information and PricewaterhouseCoopers. News Release, May 25.

Prince’s Rainforests Project. 2008. http://www.princesrainforestsproject.org/about-us/project-people/senior-staff

Product for CDM Carbon Credit Transactions.”

Progressive County Mutual Insurance Company. 2008. “Pay As You Drive (PAYD) Insurance Pilot Program Phase 2 Final Report” 41pp http://www.nctcog.org/trans/air/programs/payd/FinalPAYDReport_11-05-2008.pdf

Progressive. 2008. “X PRIZE Foundation & Progressive Insurance Join Forces to Officially Announce $10 Million Progressive Automotive X PRIZE — the Race to Develop Ultra Fuel-Efficient Cars.” March 20.

Prudential. 2008. “Prudential Invests in Wind Power.” http://www.prudential.com/view/page/14246?seg=2&name=prudentialinvestsinwindpower (Accessed October 24).

RAA. 2008. “Climate Change Policy.” Reinsurance Association of America. http://www.reinsurance.org/files/public/RAA_Climate_Change_Policy_Statement.pdf

RBS. 2008. Royal Bank of Scotland Corporate environmental website http://www.rbs.com/corporate03.asp?id=CORPORATE_RESPONSIBILITY/ENVIRONMENTAL_IMPACT/ENERGY_AND_OUR_CARBON_FOOTPRINT (accessed October 22, 2008)

Reeves, J. 2007. “Carbon Reduction Efforts Present Liabilities, Opportunities.” Business Insurance, August 20, p. 31.

Rhee, F. 2008. “When Tire Inflation becomes an Issue.” BostonGlobe online, August 4. http://www.boston.com/news/politics/politicalintelligence/2008/08/when_tire_infla.html

RMS 2008. “RMS Develops New Climate Change Risk Screening Service.” Company News Release, August 8, http://www.rms.com/NewsPress/PR_080808_CC_Risk.asp

Roberts, G. 2007. “Drive Less During Rush Hour, Get a Lower Insurance Rate.” Seattle Post-Intelligencer, March 28. http://seattlepi.nwsource.com/transportation/309180_kingtrans28.html

Roberts, S. 2007. “Cheese Maker, Heating Oil Shipper Share Same Concern: Unexpected Weather.” Business Insurance, December 3, p. 14

Roberts, S. 2008. “Climate-friendly Investments Inherently Risky.” Business Insurance, November 17, p14.

Rosenzweig, C., F. N. Tubiello, R. Goldberg, E. Mills, and J Bloomfield. 2002. “IncreasedCrop Damage in the U.S. from Excess Precipitation under Climate Change,” Global Environmental Change, 12:197-202. LBNL-

Ross, C., E. Mills, and S. Hecht. 2007. "Limiting Liability in the Greenhouse: Insurance Risk-Management in the Context of Global Climate Change." Stanford Environmental Law Journal and the Stanford Journal of International Law, Symposium on Climate Change Risk, Vol. 26A/43A:251-334. http://eetd.lbl.gov/emills/PUBS/PDF/Liability-in-the-Greenhouse.pdf

Ross, M. and T. Wenzel. 2002. “An Analysis of Traffic Deaths by Vehicle Type and Model.” LBNL Report No 49675. http://www.lbl.gov/Science-Articles/Archive/assets/images/2002/Aug-26-2002/SUV-report.pdf

Roth, J. and M. J. McCord. 2008. “Agricultural Microinsurance: Global Practices and Prospects”, Microinsurance Centre, 50pp.

Roth, J., M. J. McCord, and D Liber. 2007. “The Landscape of Microinsurance in the World`s 100 Poorest Countries.” http://www.microinsurancecentre.org/UI/DocAbstractDetails.aspx?DocID=634

RSA 2008a. “Global Renewable Energy Centres of Excellence.” October 17. http://www.futureenergies.com/modules.php?op=modload&name=News&file=article&sid=998

RSA. 2008b. Corporate Responsibility Report: 2007.

Ruquet, M.E. 2007.”Oil Producers Scramble for Coverage.” National Underwriter Online News Service, April 20.

Ruquet, M.E. 2008. “Why Can’t All Insurers Help Larry the Polar Bear?” National Underwriter: Property & Casualty, September 10, p. 34.

Rutherfoord. 2006. “Rutherfoord First in Insurance Industry to Go Carbon Neutral”, Company News Release, August 31.

Ryland, H. 2006. “IBHS Leads the Way to Safer Living.” Natural Hazards Observer, pp. 11-12, July. Additional information from Chuck Vance, IBHS, private communication August 1, 2006. Private communication with Chuck Vance and Peter Hamer, IBHS.

Sandridge, H. 2008. “Building Business.” Best’s Review, March, p. 44.

Saunders, M.A. and A.S. Lea. 2008. “Large Contribution of Sea Surface Warming to Recent Increase in Atlantic Hurricane Activity.” Nature Vol 451doi:10.1038/nature06422

Schiermeier, Q. 2006. “Insurers’ Disaster Files Suggest Climate Is Culprit.” Nature, 441:674-675, June 8.

Sclafane, S. 2006. “Gaping Captial Hole Troubles Cat Modeler.” National Underwriter Property & Casualty, p. 8, June 12.

Seifert, B. 2006. “The Emerging Arena of Sustainable Building and The Contract Surety.” Surety Institute Claims Newsletter, Vol. 18, No. 2, p. 4.

Shapiro, S. 2008. “Airlines Hitting Financial Turbulence Amid Soaring Prices for Aviation Fuel.” Business Insurance, September 15, p. 16.

Slavin, A. 2008. “The New Game.” Best’s Review, October, p 38-39.

Slavin, A. 2009. “The Thin Green Line.” Best’s Review, January, p. 78.

Sompo Japan Insurance. 2005. “Corporate Social Responsibility Report: 2005.”

Sovereign General Insurance Company. 2008. “Windsurance.” Corporate brochure. http://www.sovereigngeneral.com/ (accessed October 30, 2008)

Spiegel, A. 2007. Private Communication, Swiss Re, October 1.

Stagnitta, L. and K. Forster. 2005. “Is Climate Change for Real and if so What is the Cause, Likely Impact, and Remedy?” Proceedings of the Australian Building Codes Board National Conference, Insurance Australia Group.

State Farm. 2007. “Current Issue Climate Change”. http://www.statefarm.com/about/media/current/climate.asp (accessed July 17, 2007).

Steitner, M. 1996. “Virtue Has its Rewards.” Worth Magazine, p. 154, November.

Sunpower. 2007. “SunPower to Build 18-Megawatt Olivenza Solar Power Plant in Spain.” Company news release, October 17.

Swiss Re. 2006. “Natural Catastrophes and Man-Made Disasters 2005.” Swiss Reinsurance Company, Sigma no. 2/2006, Zurich. [this and prior years available at http://www.swissre.com]

Swiss Re. 2006. “The Effects of Climate Change: Storm Damage in Europe on the Rise.” Swiss Reinsurance Company, Report 1503160_06_en.

Swiss Re. 2007. “Swiss Re Provides Innovative Drought Cover to Smallholder Farmers in Africa.” News Release, September 7. http://www.swissre.com/pws/media%20centre/news/news%20releases%202007/swiss%20re%20provides%20innovative%20drought%20cover%20to%20smallholder%20farmers%20in%20africa.html

Swiss Re. 2008a. World Insurance: 2007. Sigma.

Swiss Re. 2008b. “2007 Corporate Responsibility Report.” 6/08. 5000 en.

Swiss Re. 2008c. “Swiss Re Doubles its Target to Reduce CO2 Emissions - Carbon Neutral Since October 2003.” Company News Release, http://www.swissre.com/pws/media%20centre/news/news%20releases%202008/carbon_neutral.html

Swiss Re. 2008d. “Innovative Emissions Trading Project with Mobiliar”. http://www.swissre.com/pws/about%20us/knowledge_expertise/top%20topics/emissions_trading_mob.html

The Munich Climate Insurance Initiative. No date. “Insurance-Related Options for Adaptation to Climate Change.” 10pp.

The Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change. Published by the Treasury of the United Kingdom. October 2006. http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/independent_reviews/stern_review_economics_climate_change/sternreview_index.cfm

Tokio Marine Holdings. 2008. “Corporate Social Responsibility Report: 2008”, 46pp. http://www.tokiomarinehd.com/en/social_respon/report/index.html

Trabucchi, C. and L. Patton. 2008. “Storing Carbon: Options for Liability Risk Management, Financial Responsibility.” World Climate Change Report, Vol. 2008, No. 170, 09/03/2008, The Bureau of National Affairs, September 3, 22 pp, http://www.bna.com

Travelers 2006b. “Windpak Coverage.” Company brochure.

Travelers. 2006a. “Travelers to Offer Hybrid Owners Across U.S. 10% Discount on Auto Insurance.” News Release, January 5. Hartford.

Travelers. 2008a. “Travelers Commercial Property Coverage Goes Green.” News Release, March 17.

Trembly, A.C. 2008. “Insurers Seek Faster, More Precise Models to Better Assess Catastrophic Exposures.” National Underwriter: Property & Casualty, February 11, p. 24.

Trexler, M. 2006. “What is a Scope 3 GHG Inventory and How Much Do I Need to Worry About It?” ClimateBiz, December 1. http://www.climatebiz.com/blog/2006/12/01/what-a-scope-3-ghg-inventory-and-how-much-do-i-need-worry-about-it

Troncoso, C., G. Danezis, E. Kosta, and B. Preneel. 2007. “PriPAYD: Privacy Friendly Pay-As-You-Drive Insurance.” Workshop on Privacy in the Electronic Society, Alexandria, VA, USA - October 29, 2007 http://www.csc2.ncsu.edu/workshops/wpes07/

Tuckey, S. 2007. “State Farm Stops Writing New Business in Mississippi.” National Underwriter: Property & Casualty, February 19, p. 8.

U.S. Government Accountability Office, 2000. “Insurers’ Ability to Pay Catastrophe Claims,” US General Accounting Office, Washington, USA, report B-284252, 32 pp. http://www.gao.gov/corresp/gg00057r.pd55.

U.S. Government Accountability Office. 2007. “Climate Change: Financial Risks to Federal and Private Insurers in Coming Decades are Potentially Significant.” GAO-07-285.

UNDP. 2004. “Reducing Disaster Risk: A Challenge for Development.” United Nations Development Programme, Bureau for Crisis Prevention and Recovery. 146pp. http://www.undp.org/bcpr/disred/rdr%20report.htm

UNEP. 2007. “Insuring for Sustainability.” United Nations Environment Programme

Unipol. 2008. Innovation. Company website, see http://www.unipolgf.it/int/en/ChiSiamo/Attivita/Pagine/Innovazione.aspx (accessed December 20, 2008).

United Nations. 2009. “2008 Disasters in Numbers.” http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/retrieveattachments?openagent&shortid=LSGZ-7NJKJV&file=Full_Report.pdf

USAID-OAS. 1996. “Insurance, Reinsurance and Natural Hazard Protection Reduction.” The Caribbean Disaster Mitigation Project, Organization of American States, Unit of Sustainable Development and Environment, for the USAID Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance and the Caribbean Regional Program. http://www.oas.org/cdmp/document/insuranc.htm and http://www.oas.org/cdmp/bulletin/insur.htm

Valverde, L.J. Jr. and M.W. Andrews. 2006. “Global Climate Change and Extreme Weather: An Exploration of Scientific Uncertainty and the Economics of Insurance.” Insurance Information Institute.

Vellinga, P. V., E. Mills, L. Bowers, G. Berz, S. Huq, L. Kozak, J. Paultikof, B. Schanzenbacker, S. Shida, G. Soler, C. Benson, P. Bidan, J. Bruce, P. Huyck, G. Lemcke, A. Peara, R. Radevsky, C. van Schoubroeck, A. Dlugolecki. 2001. Insurance and Other Financial Services. Chapter 8 in Climate Change 2001: Impacts, Vulnerability, and Adaptation. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, United Nations and World Meteorological Organization, Geneva.

Victoria Transport Policy Institute. 2005. An excellent compendium of information is provided here: http://www.vtpi.org/tdm/tdm79.htm See also “Pay-As-You-Drive Vehicle Insurance.” http://www.vtpi.org/paydsum.pdf

Vine, E., E. Mills, and A. Chen. 1998. "Energy-Efficient and Renewable Energy Options for Risk Management & Insurance Loss Reduction: An Inventory of Technologies, Research Capabilities, and Research Facilities at the U.S. Department of Energy's National Laboratories." LBNL-41432. A briefer version is published in Energy, 25(2000): 131-147 and Vine, E., E. Mills, and A. Chen. 1999. "Tapping Into Energy: New Technologies and Procedures that Use Energy More Efficiently or Supply Renewable Energy Offer a Largely Untapped Path to Achieving Risk Management Objectives." Best's Review-Property/Casualty Edition May, pp. 83-85. Oldwick, NJ: A.M. Best Company.

Vine, E., E. Mills, and A. Chen. 1999. "Tapping Into Energy: New Technologies and Procedures that Use Energy More Efficiently or Supply Renewable Energy Offer a Largely Untapped Path to Achieving Risk Management Objectives." Best's Review-Property/Casualty Edition May, pp. 83-85. Oldwick, NJ: A.M. Best Company.

Wall Street Journal. 2007. “Insurers Seek Growth in Developing Markets”. February 12.

Walsh, B. 2009. “Exposing the Myth of Clean Coal Power”, Time, June 10.

Wearden, G. 2007. “Insurers Say Authorities Partly to Blame for Flood Damage.” The Guardian, August 20.

Webster, P.J., G.J. Holland, J.A. Curry, and H.-R. Chang. 2005. “Changes in Tropical Cyclone Number, Duration, and Intensity in a Warming Environment,” Science 309, pp. 1884–1846.

WEF and WBCSD. 2008. “CEO Climate Policy Recommendations to G8 Leaders: July 2008”. World Economic Forum and World Business Council for Sustainable Development.”

Wendt, R. and H. Aglan. 2004. “After The Flood—There’s Hope: Homes that are damaged by flooding can be repaired and made more durable.” Home Energy, September/October, pp. 18-23.

Wenzel, T. 1995. “Analysis of National Pay-as-you-Drive Insurance Systems and Other Variable Driving Charges,” Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.

Westerling, A.L., H.G. Hidalgo, D.R. Cayan, and T.W. Swetnam. 2006. “Warming and Earlier Spring Increases Western U.S. Forest Wildfire Activity.” Science. DOI: 10.1126/science.1128834 (Science Express)

Whitfield, N. 2008a. “Vanpools Cut Costs, Increase Some Risks.” Business Insurance, September 1, p. 1.

Whitfield, N.. 2008b. “Green Insurance Grows as Environmental Concerns Rise.” Business Insurance, July 21, p. 4.

Wilbanks, T.J., P. Romero Lankao, M. Bao, F. Berkhout, S. Cairncross, J.-P. Ceron, M. Kapshe, R. Muir-Wood and R. Zapata-Marti. 2007. Industry, settlement and society. Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, M.L. Parry, O.F. Canziani, J.P. Palutikof, P.J. van der Linden and C.E. Hanson, Eds., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 357-390.

Willums, J.O. and L. Solsbery. 1999. “Carbon Offsets and the Insurance Sector: A Discussion Paper for the UNEP Insurance Initiative Conference.” Oslo, Norway, June 10-11, 1999.

Wilson, E.J. and M.A. de Figueiredo. 2006. “Geologic Carbon Dioxide Sequestration: An Analysis of Subsurface Property Law.” Environmental Law Review, 36:10114.

Wilson, E.J., S.J. Friedmann, and M. F. Pollak. 2007. “Research for Deployment: Incorporating Risk, Regulation, and Liability for Carbon Capture and Sequestration.” Environmental. Science and Technology, 41, 5945-5952

Wilson, E.J., T.L. Johnson, and D.W. Keith. 2003. “Regulating the Ultimate Sink: Managing the Risks of Geologic CO2 Storage,” Environmental Science and Technology, 37:3476-3483.

World Bank. 2006. “Innovative “Geofund” Program Supports The International Geothermal Association And Hungarian Oil And Gas Company To Promote Geothermal Energy Development.” November 15 http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/ENVIRONMENT/0,,contentMDK:21129366~menuPK:176751~pagePK:64020865~piPK:149114~theSitePK:244381,00.html

Yale-Marsh-Ceres. 2006. “Program to Train Corporate Directors on Climate Change”. http://environment.yale.edu/topics/global_change_science_and_policy/3127/program_to_train_corporate_directors_on/

Zeng, L. and P.J. Kelly. 1997. “A Preliminary Investigation of the Trend of Flood Events in the United States.” Presented at the National Association of Real Estate Investment Managers Senior Officer Property Insurance Forum, Boston, (March 18-19). Arkwright Mutual Insurance Company (now part of FM Global).

Zurich 2008a. “Zurich Launches Market-focused Climate Initiative” Company news release, January 21.

Zurich 2008b. “Zurich’s Emerging Markets Unit Provides Political Risk Insurance for Carbon Credit Projects” Company News Release, February 20.

Zurich 2008c. Company response to 2008 LBNL Survey.

Zurich. 2009. “Zurich Creates Two New Insurance Policies to Support Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Technologies, Addressing the Unique Needs of Carbon Capture and Sequestration.” Company News Release, January 19.

Zwirner, O. 2000. “Impact of Greenhouse Gas Mitigation on the Insurance Industry.” In Bernstein, L, Pan, J. (eds.) Sectoral Economic Costs and Benefits of GHG Mitigation, Proceedings of an IPCC Expert Meeting, Eisenach, Germany, 14-15 February 2000, pp. 260-269.