Data for Part 3: Childhood Illnesses,,,,,,
"U.S. EPA, 2003. America's Children and the Environment: Measures of Contaminants, Body Burdens, and Illnesses",,,,,,

Table D1,,,,,,
Percentage of children with asthma,,,,,,
1980-1985,,,,,,
,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985
Percentage of children with asthma in the past 12 months,,,,,,
,3.60%,3.70%,4.10%,4.50%,4.30%,4.80%

1986-1991,,,,,,
,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991
Percentage of children with asthma in the past 12 months,,,,,,
,5.10%,5.30%,5.00%,6.10%,5.80%,6.40%

1992-1996,,,,,,
,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996
Percentage of children with asthma in the past 12 months,,,,,
,6.30%,7.20%,6.90%,7.50%,6.20%

1997-2001*,,,,,
,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001
Children ever diagnosed with asthma and having an asthma attack in the past 12 months,,,,,
,5.40%,5.30%,5.30%,5.50%,5.70%
Children ever diagnosed with asthma,,,,,
,11.40%,12.10%,10.80%,12.30%,12.60%
* Note:  The survey questions for asthma changed in 1997; data before 1997 cannot be directly compared to data in 1997 and later.,,,,,
"SOURCE:  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Health Interview Survey",,,,,

Table D2,,,,,
"Percentage of children having an asthma attack in the previous 12 months, by race/ethnicity and family income, 1997-2000",,,,,
,,,100-200% of,> 200% of ,Unknown
,All Incomes,< Poverty Level, Poverty Level,Poverty Level,Income,
All races/ethnicities,5.40%,6.40%,5.50%,5.30%,4.90%,
White non-Hispanic,5.20%,6.10%,5.50%,5.10%,4.70%,
Black non-Hispanic,7.20%,8.50%,7.20%,6.30%,6.50%,
Hispanic,4.60%,5.00%,3.90%,5.20%,4.30%,
"SOURCE:  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Health Interview Survey",,,,,,

Table D3,,,,,,
Children?s emergency room visits for asthma and other respiratory causes,,,,,,
1992-1997,,,,,,
,"Rate per 10,000 children",,,,,
,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997
All asthma and other respiratory causes,369.1,406.6,392.4,357.2,356.4,374.6
Acute upper respiratory infections,221.9,248.7,246.8,227.4,206.4,214
Asthma,97.6,107.1,105.1,92.6,114.4,112.1
Acute bronchitis,49.6,50.8,40.5,37.1,35.6,48.5

1998-1999,,,,
,1998,1999,,
All asthma and other respiratory causes,389.2,378.7,,
Acute upper respiratory infections,218.9,239,,
Asthma,124.4,104.5,,
Acute bronchitis,45.9,35.1,,
"Note:  Respiratory infections are ICD-9 codes 464 and 465, acute bronchitis is ICD-9 code 466, and asthma is ICD-9 code 493.",,,,
"SOURCE:  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey",,,,

Addendum to Table D3,,,,
"Children?s emergency room visits for asthma and other respiratory causes, by race/ethnicity, 1997-1999",,,,
,"Rate per 10,000 children",,,
,1997,1998,1999,1997-1999
White non-Hispanic,298.4,311.9,317.7,309.3
Black non-Hispanic,826.5,811.7,663.9,767.3
Hispanic,*,*,*,384.6,,
*  Annual estimates for Hispanic ethnicity are unreliable for asthma.,,,,,,
"SOURCE:  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey",,,,,,

Table D4,,,,,,
Children?s hospital admissions for asthma and other respiratory causes,,,,,,
1980-1985,,,,,,
,,,"Rate per 10,000 children",,,
,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985
All asthma and other respiratory causes,54.7,56.1,55.3,61.4,50.4,56.6
Acute upper respiratory infections,17.6,17.7,12.7,19.4,11.4,14.1
Acute bronchitis,16.2,16.3,16.9,18.3,13.5,17.1
Asthma,21,22.2,25.7,23.6,25.5,25.4

1986-1991,,,,,,
,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991
All asthma and other respiratory causes,49.9,52.3,52.5,58.8,54.5,62.8
Acute upper respiratory infections,10,12.8,9.5,11.8,8.3,11.4
Acute bronchitis,12.6,13.5,14.6,19.1,17.8,20.7
Asthma,27.3,25.9,28.5,27.9,28.4,30.7

1992-1997,,,,,,
,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997
All asthma and other respiratory causes,61.1,56.3,54.2,66.1,57.5,68
Acute upper respiratory infections,7.2,9,7.1,8.2,5.9,7.7
Acute bronchitis,22.9,21.7,20,24.7,21.3,27.3
Asthma,31,25.6,27.1,33.1,30.3,33

1998-1999,,,,,,
,1998,1999,,,,
All asthma and other respiratory causes,50.3,66.4,,,,
Acute upper respiratory infections,5.9,8.4,,,,
Acute bronchitis,19.5,29.2,,
Asthma,24.9,28.8,,
"Note:  Respiratory infections are ICD-9 codes 464 and 465, acute bronchitis is ICD-9 code 466, and asthma is ICD-9 code 493.",,,,
"SOURCE:  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Hospital Discharge Survey",,,,

Addendum to Table D4,,,,
"Children?s hospital admissions for asthma and other respiratory causes, by race/ethnicity, 1997-1999*",,,,
,,"        Rate per 10,000 children",,
,1997,1998,1999,1997-1999
White,45.6,34.3,45.5,41.8
Black,107.7,78.6,99.2,95.2
*  Estimates for ethnicity not available. Race categories include children of Hispanic ethnicity.,,,,
"SOURCE:  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Hospital Discharge Survey",,,,

Table D5,,,,
Cancer incidence and mortality for children under 20,,,,
1975-1980,,,,,,
,Rate per million children,,,,,
,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980
Incidence,128,141,141,144,145,142
Mortality,51,51,50,45,46,46
1981-1986,,,,,,
,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986
Incidence,138,144,144,154,157,157
Mortality,44,45,43,39,38,38
1987-1992,,,,,,
,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992
Incidence,152,151,166,155,162,160
Mortality,36,35,35,34,34,33
1993-1998,,,,,,
,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998
Incidence,161,156,158,162,156,161
Mortality,33,32,30,29,29,28
"SOURCE:  Incidence data from National Cancer Institute, Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program; mortality data from Centers for Disease",,,,,,
"Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System",,,,,,

Addendum 1 to Table D5,,,,,,
"Cancer incidence for children under 20 by race/ethnicity and gender, 1994-1998",,,,,,
,      Rate per million children,,,,,
,Male,Female,,,,
All races/ethnicities,167,150,,,,
White non-Hispanic,172,156,,,,
Black non-Hispanic,133,117,,,,
Hispanic,150,141,,,,
American Indian/Alaska Native,82,62,,,,
Asian or Pacific Islander,150,132,,,,
"SOURCE:  National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program 1994-1998",,,,,,

Addendum 2 to Table D5,,,,,
"Age-adjusted cancer mortality rates for children under 20 by race/ethnicity and gender, 1994-1998",,,,,
,      Rate per million children,,,,
,Male,Female,,,
All races/ethnicities,33,26,,,
White non-Hispanic,34,26,,,
Black non-Hispanic,33,29,,,
Hispanic,35,27,,,
American Indian/Alaska Native,25,19,,,
Asian or Pacific Islander,30,24,,,
"SOURCE:  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System",,,,,

Table D6,,,,,
Cancer incidence for children under 20 by type,,,,,
,Rate per million children,,,,
,1974-78,1979-83,1984-88,1989-93,1994-98
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia,23.7,24.9,27.6,28.2,28.3
Acute myeloid leukemia,5.2,4.9,3.8,5.1,4.8
Central nervous system tumors,23.2,22.2,27.9,30.1,27.3
Hodgkin?s lymphoma,13.9,14.2,14.1,14.1,12.8
Non-Hodgkin?s lymphoma,9.1,9.5,10.4,10.2,11.2
Thyroid carcinoma,4.8,4.8,5.1,5.1,5.4
Malignant melanoma,3.9,4.3,5.4,6.5,6.2
Germ cell tumors,8.3,9.9,9.7,11.7,11.7
Soft tissue sarcomas,10,10.7,10.9,11.4,11.6
Osteosarcoma,3.8,4.8,5,5,5.5
Ewing?s sarcoma,2.4,3.5,3.4,3,3.1
Neuroblastoma,7.3,7.2,7.9,7.7,8
Wilms? tumor,5.4,6.5,5.6,6.3,6.5
Hepatoblastoma,0.7,0.7,1.1,1.2,1.4
"SOURCE:  National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program 1994-1998",,,,,

Addendum to Table D6,,,,
"Cancer incidence for children under 20 by age and type, 1994-1998",,,,
,Rate per million children,,,
,Ages 0-4,Ages 5-9,Ages 10-14,Ages 15-19
Lymphocytic leukemia,61,30.6,18.4,14.9
Acute non-lymphocytic leukemia,9.7,4.3,6.5,7.8
Hodgkin?s lymphoma,0.9,3.7,11.8,32
Non-Hodgkin?s lymphoma,3.6,5.9,7.7,13.2
CNS and miscellaneous intracranial ,,,,
and intraspinal neoplasms,34.5,29.7,25,19.2
Neuroblastoma and ,,,,
ganglioneuroblastoma,25.7,3.2,0.8,0.4
Wilms? tumor,18.8,4.8,0.8,0.3
Hepatic tumors,4.6,0.6,0.5,1.2
Osteosarcoma,0.2,2.6,7.9,8.9
Ewing?s sarcoma,0.6,2.2,4.2,4.7
Soft tissue sarcomas,11.1,7.9,10.5,15
"Germ cell, trophoblastic, ",,,,
other gonadal neoplasms,7.2,2.1,7.2,28.1
Epithelial and unspecified,3.1,3.3,11.6,40.5
"SOURCE:  National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program 1994-1998",,,,

Table D7,,,,
"Children reported to have mental retardation, by race/ethnicity and family income, 1997-2000",,,,
,"Cases per 1,000 children",,,
All,6,,,

White non-Hispanic,6,,,
Black non-Hispanic,10,,,
Hispanic,5,,,

< Poverty Level,12,,,
100-200% of Poverty Level,10
> 200% of Poverty Level,4
Unknown Income,6
"SOURCE:  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Health Interview Survey",