Diffraction and Thermophysical Properties Group

   Group

  Diffraction User Center
  Residual Stress User Center
  Thermophysical Properties User Center
  Diff. and Therm. Prop. Group
  High Temperature Materials Laboratory
  Metals and Ceramics Division
  Oak Ridge National Laboratory

Thomas R. Watkins

Publications:

Journals:

  1. S. Widjaja, K. Jakus, J. E. Ritter, E. Lara-Curzio, T. R. Watkins , E. Y. Sun and J. J. Brennan, "Creep-Induced Residual Stress Strengthening in a Nicalon-Fiber-Reinforced BMAS-Glass-Ceramic-Matrix Composite," J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 82 [3] 657-64 (1999).

  2. E. S. Zanoria, T. R. Watkins, K. Breder, L. Riester, M. Bashkansky, J. Reintjes, J. G. Sun, W. A. Ellingson and P. J. Blau, "Assessment of Techniques for Characterizing the Surface Quality of Ground Silicon Nitride," J. Mater. Eng. and Perf. 7 [4] 533-47 (1998).

  3. Yong W. Bae, Woo Y. Lee, Theodore M. Besmann, O. Burl Cavin and Thomas R. Watkins, "Effects of Processing Parameters on Alumina Coatings Deposited on Nickel Substrates by Reacting Aluminum Chloride and Hydrogen/Carbon Dioxide Gas Mixtures," J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 81, No. 7, 1945-1948 (1998).

  4. K. A. Gruss, T. Zheleva, R. F. Davis and T. R. Watkins, "Characterization of Zirconium Nitride Coatings Deposited by Catholic Arc Sputtering," Surface Coating Technology  107   115-124 (1998).

  5. B. H. Rabin, R. L. Williamson, H. A. Bruck, X.-L. Wang, T. R. Watkins, Y.-Z. Feng and D. R. Clarke, "Residual Strains in an Al2O3-Ni Joint Bonded with a Composite Interlayer: Experimental Measurements and FEM Analyses," J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 81 [6] 1541-49 (1998).

  6. A. A. Wereszczak, T. P. Kirkland, M. K. Ferber, T. R. Watkins, and R. L. Yeckley, "The Effects of Residual a Phase on the 1370°C Creep Performance of Yttria-Doped HIPed Silicon Nitride," J. Mat. Sci. 33 2053-60 (1998).

  7. D. Y. Jang, T. R. Watkins, K. J. Kozaczek, C. R. Hubbard, and O. B. Cavin, "Surface Residual Stresses in Machined Austenitic Stainless Steel," Wear 194 168-73 (1996).

  8. D. Dragoi, T. R. Watkins, and K. J. Kozaczek, "Interpreting Oscillatory Bragg Peak Positions," J. Appl. Cryst. 29 493-4 (1996). {Laboratory Note, unrefereed}

  9. R. Srinivasan, T. R. Watkins, C. R. Hubbard and B. H. Davis, "Sulfated Zirconia Catalysts. The Crystal Phases and Their Transformations," Chem. Mater. 7 [4] 725-30 (1995).

  10. T. R. Watkins and D. J. Green, "Fracture Behavior of CVD SiC-Coated Graphite: II, Conditions for the Onset of Multiple Cracking," J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 77 [3] 717-20 (1994).

  11. T. R. Watkins and D. J. Green, "Fracture Behavior of Chemically-Vapor-Deposited SiC-Coated Graphite: I, Experimental Results," J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 76 [12] 3066-72 (1993).

  12. T. R. Watkins, D. J. Green, and E. Ryba, "Determination of Young's Modulus in Chemically-Vapor-Deposited SiC Coatings," J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 76 [8] 1965-68 (1993).

Conference Proceedings:

  1. T. R. Watkins, S. P. Beckman and C. R. Hubbard, "Residual Strain Measurement in Thermal Barrier Coatings," pp. 524-33 in Advances in X-Ray Analysis, V. 40 CD ROM. Edited by J. V. Gilfrich et al., ICDD, Newtown Square, PA, 1998.

  2. T. N. Blanton, T. R. Watkins and M. A. Howey, "The Effect of Gelatin on Silver Halide Strain in Photographic Films," pp. 559-70 in Advances in X-Ray Analysis, V. 40 CD ROM. Edited by J. V. Gilfrich et al., ICDD, Newtown Square, PA, 1998

  3. K. Jagannadham, T. R. Watkins and J. Narayan, "Residual Stresses in Single and Multilayer Composite Diamond Coatings," pp. 459-64 in Interfacial Engineering for Optimized Properties, V. 458 of the Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, MRS, 1997.

  4. B. L. Ballard, P. K. Predecki, T. R. Watkins, K. J. Kozaczek, D. N. Braski, and C. R. Hubbard, "Depth Profiling Biaxial Stresses in Sputter Deposited Molybdenum Films; Use of the Cos2f Method," pp. 363-70 in Advances in X-Ray Analysis, V. 39. Edited by J. V. Gilfrich et al., Plenum Press, New York, 1997.

  5. D. Dragoi, T. R. Watkins, and K. J. Kozaczek, "Peak Broadening in Asymmetric X-Ray Diffraction Resulting from Chi Tilts," pp. 499-503 in Advances in X-Ray Analysis, V. 39. Edited by J. V. Gilfrich et al., Plenum Press, New York, 1997.

  6. R. D. Ott, K. Breder, T. R. Watkins, M. K. Ferber and J. M. Rigsbee, "Characterization of Machining-Induced Sub-Surface Damage of a High Strength Silicon Nitride," pp. 93-103 in Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, V. 18, [4] 1997.

  7. S. Widjaja, K. Jakus, J.E. Ritter, E. Lara-Curzio, E. Y. Sun, T. R. Watkins and J. J. Brennan, "High-Temperature Load Transfer in Nicalon/BMAS Glass-Ceramic Matrix Composites," pp. 681-8 in Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, V. 18, [3] 1997.

  8. X.-L. Wang, B. H. Rabin, R. L. Williamson, H. A. Bruck, and T. R. Watkins, "Residual Stress Distribution in an Al2O3-Ni Joint Bonded with a Composite Layer," pp. 177-82 in Layered Materials for Structural Applications, V. 434 of the Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, MRS, 1996.

  9. F. Baldwin, P. H. Holloway, M. Bordelon and T. R. Watkins, "Stress Generation in Al-Si-Cu Metallization Resulting from Thermal Cycling Between -196oC and 250oC," pp. 81-9 in Stress-Induced Phenomena in Metallization, American Institute of Physics Conf. Proc., V. 373. Edited by P. S. Ho, J. Bravman, C-Y Li and J. Sanchez, AIP Press, Woodbury, NY 1996.

  10. K. J. Kozaczek, G. W. Book, T. R. Watkins and W. B. Carter, "X-ray Diffraction Characterization of Thin Superconductive Films," pp. 203-210 in Nondestructive Characterization of Materials VII, Part 1, Materials Science Forum Vols. 210-213. Edited by A. L. Bartos, R. E. Green, Jr. and C. O. Ruud, Transtec Publications, Switzerland, 1996.

  11. K. J. Kozaczek, C. R. Hubbard, T. R. Watkins, X-L. Wang, and S. Spooner, "Diffraction Techniques in Engineering Applications," pp. 703-710 in Nondestructive Characterization of Materials VII, Part 2, Materials Science Forum Vols. 210-213. Edited by A. L. Bartos, R. E. Green, Jr. and C. O. Ruud, Transtec Publications, Switzerland, 1996.

  12. B. H. Rabin, R. L. Williamson, T. R. Watkins, X.-L. Wang, C. R. Hubbard, and S. Spooner, "Characterization of Residual Stresses in Graded Ceramic-Metal Structures: A Comparison of Diffraction Experiments and FEM Calculations," pp. 209-14 in Proceedings of the 3rd Int. Symposium on Structural and Functional Gradient Materials. Edited by B. Ilschner and N. Cherradi, Presses Polytechniques et Universitaires Romandes, Lausanne, Suisse, 1995.

  13. E. D. Winters, W. K. Baxter, D. N. Braski and T. R. Watkins, "Au Microstructure and the Functional Properties of Ni/Au Finishes on Ceramic IC Packages," pp. 169-94 in Session F of the Proceedings of the International Technical Conference of the American Electroplaters and Surface Finishers Society. AESF, Orlando, FL, 1995.

  14. F. Baldwin, P. H. Holloway, M. Bordelon, and T. R. Watkins, "The Effect of Ultra-Low Temperature Treatments on the Stress in Aluminum Metallization on Silicon Wafers," pp. 233-9 in Materials Reliability in Microelectronics IV, Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc., V. 338. Edited by P. Borgesen, J. C. Coburn, J. E. Sanchez, Jr., K. P. Rodbell, and W. F. Filter, MRS, Pittsburgh, PA 1994.

  15. T. R. Watkins, X.-L. Wang, S. Spooner, C. R. Hubbard, S. J. Vance, B. H. Rabin, and R. L. Williamson," Mapping of Residual Strains of a Ceramic-to-Metal Joint Using X-Ray Diffraction"; pp. 672-8 in Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Residual Stresses. Published by the Society for Experimental Mechanics, Inc., 1994.

  16. C. R. Hubbard, T. R. Watkins, K. Kozaczek, X.-L. Wang, and S. Spooner, "Research Opportunities and Facilities at ORNL's Residual Stress User Center"; pp. 156-62 in Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Residual Stresses. Published by the Society for Experimental Mechanics, Inc., 1994.

  17. K. J. Kozaczek, T. R. Watkins, C. R. Hubbard, X-L. Wang, and S. Spooner, "Residual Stresses in Material Processing"; pp. 149-55 in Determining Material Characterization: Residual Stress and Integrity with NDE, PVP-V. 276, NDE V. 12. Edited by J. C. Spanner, Jr., ASME, New York, 1994.

  18. E. Minford, R. E. Stevens, V. L. Magnotta, P. N. Dyer, T. R. Watkins, and D. J. Green, "Effects of Deposition Conditions on the Microstructure and Properties of CVD SiC," Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc., Vol. 168, 233-8 (1990).

Reports, etc.:

  1. A. E. Pasto, B. L. Cox, M. K. Ferber, C. R. Hubbard, M. L. Santella, W. A. Simpson, Jr., and T. R. Watkins, "Effect of Surface Condition on Strength and Fatigue Behavior of Alumina," Technical Document 2584, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, November 1993.

Contact:
Thomas R. Watkins
Metals and Ceramics Division
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
P.O. Box 2008
MS6064, Bldg. 4515
Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6064

Phone: (865) 574-2046
Fax: (865) 574-4913
E-mail: watkinstr@ornl.gov

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