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00.018.0.03. Nepovirus
Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006).
00.018.0.03. Nepovirus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database,
version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA
Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/
This is a description of a
plant virus at the genus level with data
on all virus properties from morphology to genome, replication, antigenicity and
biological properties.
ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.018.0.03. Virus accession number:
018003GE. Obsolete virus code: 18.0.3.; superceded accession number: 18030000.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID:
12270.
Name, Synonyms and Lineage
Synonym(s): Tobacco
ringspot virus group. Virus is of the family
00.018.
Comoviridae.
Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not
enveloped, round with icosahedral
symmetry. The isometric capsid has a diameter of
(22-)28(-33) nm. Capsids appear round, or hexagonal in outline. The
capsomer arrangement is clearly visible, or is not obvious. Virus preparations
contain more than one particle component.
Capsids can be penetrated by stain and some appear dark in the center.
Incomplete particles are common. They are devoid of nucleic acid characterized
by capsids with dark centers in negative stain preparations (T component).
Electron microscopic preparation and references: Virus preparation
contains few virions, or many virions.
Virions have a buoyant density in CsCl of 1.28-1.53 g
cm-3. There are 1 sedimenting component(s) found in purified
preparations, or 2 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations, or 3
sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations, or 4 sedimenting
component(s) found in purified preparations. The sedimentation coefficient is
112-125.7-135 S20w; of the other(s) are
40-78.71-128 S20w. Isoelectric point pH is
4-5.437-7.5. A260/A280 ratio is
0.65-1.493-1.97. The thermal inactivation point (TIP) is at
50-60.63-75°C. The longevity in vitro (LIV) is
1-15.9-100 days. Although the titer is dependent on the host, the
decimal exponent (DEX) of the dilution end point is usually around 2, or 3, or
4, or 5, or 6. The infectivity is not changed by treatment with ether; decreased
when deproteinized with proteases, or lost when deproteinized with proteases;
retained when deproteinized with phenol or detergent, or lost when deproteinized
with phenol or detergent.
The Mr
of the genome constitutes 27-40% of the virion by weight (M component), or
42-46% of the virion by weight (B component). The genome is segmented;
bipartite, segements are distributed among 2 particle types of linear,
positive-sense, single-stranded RNA. Minor species of
non-genomic nucleic acid are also found in virions, or not found in
virions. The encapsidated nucleic acid is mainly of genomic origin, but virions
may also contain satellite RNA. The complete genome is
10100-12820-16900 nucleotides long. The RNA-1 is fully
sequenced, complete sequence is 5300-7549-9500 nucleotides
long. RNA-2 is sequenced, but only an estimate is available,
complete sequence is 3774-5214-7500 nucleotides long. The genome has a
base ratio of 21.6-24.42-26.6 % guanine; 21.4-23.98-26 %
adenine; 19-22.07-25.6 % cytosine; 27.9-29.54-31 % uracil.
Nucleotide sequences at the 3'-terminus are virtually identical (in the
non-coding region). The 5'-end of the genome has a on each RNA species
genome-linked protein (VPg). The 3'-terminus has conserved nucleotide
sequences; in all RNA species. The 3'-terminus has on each RNA species a
poly (A) tract on each RNA sequence. The 3'-terminus has no
tRNA-like structure. The multipartite genome is divided among different
particles, each segment encapsidated separately and the segments are
distributed between 2 different types of particles. The largest particles
contain each one molecule of RNA-1 (sedimenting component B), or one molecule
each of RNA-1 and RNA-2. The medium sized particles contain one molecule of
RNA-2, or two molecules of RNA-2 (if the RNA is smaller than 4kb). The smallest
particles contain no nucleic acid and are found in the top (sedimenting
component T) band after sedimentation.
GenBank records for
nucleotide sequences;
complete genome sequences.
Proteins
constitute about 54-77.64-100% of the particle weight.
The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins.
Virions consist of 1 structural protein(s), or 2 structural protein(s), or 3
structural protein(s), or 4 structural protein(s).
Lipids are not
reported.
Genome Organization and Replication
Translation: The genome replicates in
the cytoplasm.
Natural Host
Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain
Eucarya.
Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.
Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta
(Angiosperms, Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae).
Severity and Occurrence of
Disease
Host: Infection is apparent, or not apparent. Signs
and symptoms persist, or vary seasonally, or disappear soon
after infection.
Virus is transmitted by a vector, or not transmitted by a
vector. Virus is transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting;
not transmitted by contact between hosts; transmitted by seeds, or not
transmitted by seeds; transmitted by pollen to the seed, or transmitted by
pollen to the pollinated plant, or not transmitted by pollen.
Vector Transmission:
Virus is transmitted by nematodes; family
Dorylamidae. Virus is lost by the vector when it moults; does not
replicate in the vector; not transmitted congenitally to the progeny of the
vector; does not require a helper virus for vector transmission.
Experimental Hosts and Symptoms
Under
experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in many
families, several families, few families. Susceptible host species are found in
the Family Alliaceae, Amaranthaceae, Amaryllidaceae,
Apocynaceae, Asparagaceae, Aucubaceae,
Betulaceae, Boraginaceae, Buxaceae,
Campanulaceae, Cannabidaceae, Caryophyllaceae,
Celastraceae, Chenopodiaceae, Commelinaceae,
Compositae, Convolvulaceae, Cornaceae,
Cruciferae, Cucurbitaceae, Cupressaceae,
Cycadaceae, Ericaceae, Euphorbiaceae,
Geraniaceae, Gramineae, Grossulariaceae,
Hippocastanaceae, Iridaceae, Juglandaceae,
Labiatae, Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae,
Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Liliaceae, Malvaceae,
Moraceae, Oleaceae, Onagraceae,
Oxalidaceae, Pedaliaceae, Phytolaccaceae,
Plantaginaceae, Polemoniaceae, Polygonaceae,
Portulacaceae, Primulaceae, Ranunculaceae,
Resedaceae, Rosaceae, Rutaceae,
Sambucaceae, Saxifragaceae, Scrophulariaceae,
Solanaceae, Sterculiaceae, Tetragoniaceae,
Thymelaeaceae, Tropaeolaceae, Ulmaceae,
Umbelliferae, Urticaceae, Violaceae,
Vitidaceae. The following species were susceptible to experimental virus
infection: Abelmoschus esculentus, Aesculus carnea,
Ageratum conyzoides, Allium porrum, Amaranthus
caudatus, Amaranthus retroflexus, Ammi majus,
Anagallis arvensis, Anethum graveolens, Anthriscus
cerefolium, Antirrhinum majus, Apium graveolens (11),
Apium graveolens var. dulce, Apium graveolens var.
rapaceum, Arabis hirsuta, Arachis hypogaea,
Armoracia rusticana, Arracacia xanthorrhiza, Asparagus
officinalis, Astilbe, Atriplex hortensis, Aucuba
japonica, Balsamorhiza sagittata, Bellis perennis,
Berteroa incana, Beta macrocarpa, Beta patellaris,
Beta vulgaris, Beta vulgaris ssp. cicla,
Betula, Brassica campestris, Brassica campestris ssp.
pekinensis, Brassica campestris ssp. rapa,
Brassica juncea, Brassica oleracea var. botrytis,
Brassica oleracea var. capitata, Buxus sempervirens,
Cajanus cajan, Calendula officinalis, Canavalia
ensiformis, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Capsicum annuum,
Capsicum frutescens, Carum carvi, Carum segetum,
Cassia occidentalis, Catharanthus roseus, Celosia
argentea, Celosia cristata, Chamaecyparis lawsoniana,
Cheiranthus cheiri, Chenopodium album, Chenopodium
amaranticolor, Chenopodium ambrosioides, Chenopodium
berthaultii, Chenopodium botrys, Chenopodium capitatum,
Chenopodium ficifolium, Chenopodium foetidum,
Chenopodium foliosum, Chenopodium glaucum, Chenopodium
hybridum, Chenopodium murale, Chenopodium quinoa,
Chenopodium serotinum, Cicer arietinum, Cichorium
endiva, Cichorium intybus, Citrullus lanatus,
Citrus aurantium, Citrus unshiu, Clarkia amoena,
Clitoria ternatea, Commelina, Coriandrum sativum,
Cornus florida, Crepis neglecta, Crotalaria
spectabilis, Cucumis melo, Cucumis sativus,
Cucurbita maxima, Cucurbita moschata, Cucurbita pepo,
Cyamopsis tetragonoloba, Cycas revoluta, Cynara
cardunculus, Cynara scolymus, Cyphomandra betacea,
Daphne mezereum, Daphne odora, Datura bernhardii,
Datura metel, Datura stramonium, Datura tatula,
Daucus carota, Delphinium elatum, Delphinium
hybridum, Dianthus barbatus, Dianthus caryophyllus,
Emilia sagittata, Eucharis candida, Euonymus
europaeus, Fagopyrum esculentum, Foeniculum,
Forsythia x intermedia, Fragaria chiloensis, Fragaria
vesca, Fragaria virginiana, Fraxinus, Fraxinus
excelsior, Gladiolus, Glycine max, Gomphrena
globosa, Gossypium hirsutum, Gypsophila elegans,
Helianthus annuus, Helminthia echioides, Hibiscus
cannabinus, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Hordeum vulgare,
Humulus lupulus, Hyoscyamus niger, Hypochoeris
aetensis, Ipomoea batatas, Ipomoea nil, Ipomoea
setosa, Iris germanica, Jasminum officinale,
Juglans regia, Lablab purpureus, Lactuca sativa,
Lactuca virosa, Lamium amplexicaule (3), Lathyrus
odoratus, Lavatera trimestris, Lens culinaris,
Ligustrum vulgare, Lilium longiflorum, Lobelia
erinus, Lolium multiflorum, Lupinus albus, Lupinus
angustifolius, Lupinus hirsutus, Lupinus luteus,
Lycium chinense, Lycopersicon chilense, Lycopersicon
esculentum, Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium, Macroptilium
lathyroides, Malus sylvestris, Manihot esculenta,
Matthiola incana, Medicago sativa, Melilotus albus,
Melilotus officinalis, Mentha arvensis, Momordica
balsamina, Montia perfoliata, Morus alba, Myosotis
sylvatica, Narcissus jonquilla, Narcissus
pseudonarcissus, Nicandra physalodes, Nicotiana affinis,
Nicotiana benthamiana, Nicotiana bigelovii, Nicotiana
clevelandii, Nicotiana debneyi, Nicotiana glauca,
Nicotiana glutinosa, Nicotiana longiflora, Nicotiana
megalosiphon, Nicotiana occidentalis, Nicotiana palmeri,
Nicotiana rustica, Nicotiana sylvestris, Nicotiana
tabacum, Nicotiana x edwardsonii, Ocimum basilicum,
Olea europaea, Oxalis tuberosa, Pastinaca sativa,
Pelargonium, Pelargonium zonale, Petroselinum
crispum, Petunia x hybrida, Phaseolus coccineus,
Phaseolus lunatus, Phaseolus vulgaris, Phlox
drummondii, Physalis alkekengi, Physalis floridana (12),
Physalis peruviana, Phytolacca americana, Pisum
sativum, Plantago lanceolata, Plantago major, Poa
annua, Polygonum aviculare, Polygonum persicaria,
Prunus avium, Prunus cerasifera (2), Prunus
domestica, Prunus mahaleb, Prunus persica, Ptelea
trifoliata, Ranunculus repens, Raphanus sativus,
Reseda alba, Rheum rhaponticum, Ribes, Ribes
nigrum (1), Ribes rubrum, Ricinus communis,
Robinia pseudoacacia, Rosa, Rubus, Rubus
fruticosus, Rubus idaeus, Rubus occidentalis,
Rubus procerus, Rumex crispus (1), Rumex
obtusifolius, Salvia splendens, Sambucus nigra,
Sambucus racemosa, Senecio vulgaris, Sesamum indicum,
Sesbania exaltata, Sinapis alba, Solanum
carolinense, Solanum chacoense (2), Solanum chancayense,
Solanum demissum, Solanum demissum x S. tuberosum,
Solanum goniocalyx, Solanum megistacrolobum, Solanum
melongena, Solanum microdontum, Solanum mochiquense,
Solanum nigrum, Solanum nodiflorum (2), Solanum
stoloniferum, Solanum tuberosum, Solanum tuberosum ssp.
andigena x S. tuberosum ssp. tuberosum, Solanum
tuberosum ssp. tuberosum, Solanum villosum,
Sonchus, Sonchus arvensis, Sonchus oleraceus,
Spinacia oleracea (11), Stellaria media, Syringa
vulgaris, Taraxacum officinale, Tetragonia
tetragonioides, Theobroma cacao, Tinantia erecta,
Torenia fournieri, Trifolium hybridum, Trifolium
incarnatum, Trifolium pratense (4), Trifolium repens,
Trifolium subterraneum, Tropaeolum majus, Tulipa,
Ulmus americana, Urospermum dalechampii, Urtica
dioica, Urtica urens, Vaccinium corymbosum,
Verbesina encelioides (2), Vicia faba, Vicia sativa,
Vigna angularis, Vigna radiata, Vigna unguiculata,
Vigna unguiculata ssp. cylindrica, Vigna unguiculata
ssp. sesquipedalis , Vigna unguiculata ssp. unguiculata,
Viola cornuta, Vitis, Vitis labrusca, Vitis
rupestris, Vitis vinifera, Zea mays, Zinnia
elegans.
Experimentally infected insusceptible Hosts: Families
containing insusceptible hosts: Alliaceae,
Amaranthaceae,
Apocynaceae, or
Bombacaceae,
Boraginaceae,
Caryophyllaceae,
Chenopodiaceae, or
Compositae,
Convolvulaceae,
Cruciferae,
Cucurbitaceae,
Gesneriaceae,
Gramineae,
Labiatae,
Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae, or
Leguminosae-Papilionoideae,
Linaceae,
Malvaceae,
Nyctaginaceae, or
Pedaliaceae,
Plantaginaceae,
Polygonaceae,
Resedaceae,
Rosaceae, or
Rubiaceae,
Rutaceae,
Scrophulariaceae,
Solanaceae,
Sterculiaceae, or
Tetragoniaceae,
Tropaeolaceae,
Umbelliferae. Species inoculated with virus
that do not show signs of susceptibility: Abelmoschus esculentus,
Abelmoschus manihot, Adansonia digitata, Ageratum
conyzoides, Allium cepa, Amaranthus caudatus,
Amaranthus retroflexus, Anthriscus cerefolium,
Antirrhinum majus, Apium graveolens, Arabis alpina,
Arachis hypogaea, Asperula odorata, Aubrieta
deltoidea, Aurinia saxatilis, Avena sativa, Beta
vulgaris, Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis,
Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis, Brassica campestris
ssp. rapa, Brassica nigra, Brassica oleracea,
Brassica oleracea var. botrytis, Brassica oleracea var.
capitata, Calendula officinalis, Capsicum annuum,
Capsicum frutescens, Capsicum sinensis, Carthamus
tinctorius, Cassia occidentalis, Cassia tora,
Catharanthus roseus, Celosia argentea, Celosia
cristata, Cheiranthus cheiri, Chenopodium album,
Chenopodium amaranticolor, Chenopodium foetidum,
Chenopodium murale, Chenopodium quinoa, Chloris
gayana, Chrysanthemum morifolium, Citrullus lanatus,
Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus, Crotalaria spectabilis,
Cucumis melo, Cucumis sativus, Cucurbita maxima,
Cucurbita moschata, Cucurbita pepo, Dahlia
pinnata, Datura metel, Datura stramonium, Daucus
carota, Desmodium tortuosum, Dianthus barbatus,
Dianthus caryophyllus, Fagopyrum esculentum, Fragaria
vesca, Galinsoga parviflora, Glycine max,
Gomphrena globosa, Helianthus annuus, Hordeum
vulgare, Hyoscyamus niger, Ipomoea setosa, Ipomoea
sloteri, Lablab purpureus, Lactuca sativa,
Lagenaria siceraria, Lathyrus odoratus, Linum
usitatissimum, Lotus corniculatus, Lupinus albus,
Lupinus polyphyllus, Lycopersicon esculentum,
Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium, Matthiola incana, Medicago
lupulina, Medicago sativa, Melilotus albus,
Mirabilis jalapa, Momordica balsamina, Myosotis
sylvatica, Nicotiana clevelandii, Nicotiana debneyi,
Nicotiana glutinosa, Nicotiana megalosiphon, Nicotiana
rustica, Nicotiana sylvestris, Nicotiana tabacum,
Ocimum basilicum, Pastinaca sativa, Petroselinum
crispum, Petunia x hybrida, Phaseolus acutifolius,
Phaseolus lunatus, Phaseolus vulgaris, Physalis
floridana, Pimpinella anisum, Pisum sativum,
Plantago lanceolata, Plantago major, Poncirus
trifoliata, Prunus americana x P. salicina, Prunus
armeniaca, Prunus cerasifera, Prunus domestica,
Prunus mahaleb, Prunus persica, Prunus serrulata,
Pueraria lobata, Raphanus sativus, Reseda odorata,
Rubus idaeus, Rubus occidentalis, Saponaria vaccaria,
Secale cereale, Sesamum indicum, Sesbania
exaltata, Sinapis alba, Sinningia speciosa,
Solanum chacoense, Solanum demissum, Solanum
melongena, Solanum nigrum, Solanum nodiflorum,
Solanum rostratum, Solanum tuberosum, Spinacia
oleracea, Tetragonia tetragonioides, Theobroma cacao,
Tithonia speciosa, Trifolium hybridum, Trifolium
incarnatum, Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens,
Trifolium subterraneum, Triticum aestivum, Tropaeolum
majus, Vicia faba, Vicia villosa, Vigna
radiata, Vigna unguiculata, Vigna unguiculata ssp.
cylindrica, Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis ,
Zea mays, Zinnia elegans.
Histopathology: Virions are found in the cytoplasm, or nucleus,
or perinuclear space, or Golgi cisternae,
cell vacuole.
Cytopathology: Inclusions are present in infected cells, or not
present in infected cells. Inclusion bodies in the host cell are found in the
cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic inclusions are crystals, or amorphous X-bodies, or
membranous bodies, or viroplasma. Inclusions contain mature virions, or do not
contain mature virions.
The virus is probably distributed worldwide. The virus
spreads in Africa, or East Asia, or Eurasia, or the Mediterranean, or North
America, or Australasia and Pacific Islands, or South and Central Americas. The
virus occurs in Australia, or Austria, or Belgium, or Bolivia, or Brazil, or
Bulgaria, or Canada, or Chile, or China, or Cyprus, or Czechoslovakia (former),
or Denmark, or Finland, or France, or Germany, or Ghana, or Greece, or Hungary,
or India, or Ireland, or Israel, or Italy, or Japan, or Kenya, or Korea (South),
or Luxembourg, or the Netherlands, or New Zealand (Aotearoa), or Nigeria, or
Norway, or Papua New Guinea, or Peru, or Poland, or Portugal, or Puerto Rico, or
Romania, or the Solomon Islands, or South Africa, or Spain, or Sweden, or
Switzerland, or Turkey, or the United Kingdom, or the United States of America,
or the USSR (former), or Yugoslavia.
Type species 00.018.0.03.001.
Tobacco ringspot virus .
List of Species in the
Genus.
Tentative Species in the
Genus.
Data Sources and
Contributions
The
following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.
PubMed References.
A description of the virus is found
in DPV, a database for plant viruses developed by the Association of Applied
Biologists (AAB), with the number
185.
Taxon images: • EM from IACR Rothamsted.
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