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00.018.0.03.009. Cherry leaf roll virus

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.018.0.03.009. Cherry leaf roll virus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Host of Isolate and Habitat Details
Source of isolate: Ulmus americana (American elm), Prunus avium (cherry) and Juglans regia (walnut). Symptoms of walnut blackline disease, now known to be caused by cherry leaf roll first described in 1933 by Schuster and Miller.

Natural host and symptoms
Juglans regia — leaf pattern and black line.

Ulmus americana — chlorotic mosaic, ring pattern and dieback.

Prunus avium — leaf rolling and death.

Betula ssp., Sambucus ssp., Rubus ssp., Cornus florida — chlorotic ringspot, leaf patterns and/or yellow vein netting.

Ptelea trifoliata — yellow spotting.

Olea europaea, Rheum rhaponticum, Berteroa incana, Delphinium elatum, Rumex obtusifolius — symptomless. Comments on host and host range: All isolates have a wide experimental host range in more than 36 plant families.

Reference to Isolation Report
Swingle et al. (1941; 1943, Posnette and Cropley (1955, Schuster and Miller (1933).

Classification

This is a description of a plant virus at the species level.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.018.0.03.009. Virus accession number: 18003009. Obsolete virus code: 18.0.3.0.009; superceded accession number: 18030009.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID: 12615.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

Synonym(s): ash mosaic virus (Nienhaus and Hamacher, 1990), sambucus ringspot and yellow net virus. ICTV approved acronym: CLRV. Virus is an ICTV approved species. Virus is of the genus 00.018.0.03. Nepovirus in the family 00.018. Comoviridae.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped, round with icosahedral symmetry. The isometric capsid has a diameter of 28 nm. Capsids appear hexagonal in outline. The capsomer arrangement is not obvious.

Electron microscopic preparation and references: Virus preparation contains many virions. Reference for electron microscopic methods: Jones (1973, Cooper and Atkinson (1975), Walkey et al. (1973).

Physicochemical and Physical Properties

Virions have a buoyant density in CsCl of 1.5 g cm-3 (B), or 1.47 g cm-3 (M). There are 3 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations (Jones, 1973; Haber and Hamilton, 1980). The sedimentation coefficient is of the fastest 128 S20w (B, of the other(s) are 115 S20w (M), or 52 S20w (T). The thermal inactivation point (TIP) is at 50-60°C. The longevity in vitro (LIV) is 4-16 days. Although the titer is dependent on the host, the decimal exponent (DEX) of the dilution end point is usually around 3-5. The infectivity is not changed by treatment with ether; retained when deproteinized with phenol or detergent.

Nucleic Acid

The Mr of the genome constitutes 46% of the virion by weight (B), or 41% of the virion by weight (M), or 0% of the virion by weight (T). The genome is segmented; bipartite, segements are distributed among 2 particle types of linear, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA. The genome is infectious (both required for infectivity; Jones and Mayo, 1972; Jones and Duncan, 1980; Haber and Hamilton, 1980). The complete genome is 16500 nucleotides long. The RNA-1 is partially sequenced, sequenced region is 9000 nucleotides long. Sequence has the accession number

[S63537] Em(40)_vi:S63537 Gb(84)_vi:S63537 polyprotein (RNA-2) cherry leaf roll virus CLRV, birch isolate I2, Genomic RNA, 1920 nt
[S84124] Em(40)_vi:S84124 Gb(84)_vi:S84124 (3' terminal region, RNA-1) cherry leaf roll virus, Genomic RNA, 1743 nt. 1/94 1,743bp.
[S84125] Em(40)_vi:S84125 Gb(84)_vi:S84125 (3' terminal region, RNA-2) cherry leaf roll virus, Genomic RNA, 1805 nt. 1/94 1,805bp.
[S84126] Em(40)_vi:S84126 Gb(84)_vi:S84126 (3' terminal region, R25) cherry leaf roll virus, Genomic RNA, 1182 nt. 1/94 1,182bp.
[U24694] Em(43)_vi:Cl24694 Gb(89)_vi:Clu24694 Cherry leaf roll virus RNA2, 3' end. 5/95 1,565bp.
[Z34265] Em(43)_vi:Clrvrn Cherry leaf roll virus (walnut) genomic RNA (1588bp). 11/94 1,588bp.

RNA-2 is sequenced, but only an estimate is available, complete sequence is 7500 nucleotides long. The genome has a base ratio of RNA-1 and RNA-2, 26.5 and 26.6 % guanine; 21.4 and 22 % adenine; 22.3 and 22.8 % cytosine; 29.1 and 29.2 % uracil. The 3'-terminus has a poly (A) tract (Massalski, 1984) on each RNA sequence. The multipartite genome is divided among different particles, each segment encapsidated separately and the segments are distributed between 2 different types of particles. The largest particles contain each one molecule of RNA-1 (sedimenting component B). The medium sized particles contain each one molecule of RNA-2 (sedimenting component M). The smallest particles contain no nucleic acid and are found in the top (sedimenting component T) band after sedimentation. Reference to nucleotide sequence Jones and Mayo (1972, Walkey et al. (1973, Murant et al. (1981).

GenBank records for nucleotide sequences; complete genome sequences.

Proteins

Proteins constitute about 54% of the particle weight (B), or 59% of the particle weight (M), or 100% of the particle weight (T).

The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins. Virions consist of 1 structural protein(s).

Structural Proteins: Reference to method of preparation: Jones and Mayo (1972, Walkey et al. (1973, Murant et al. (1981).

Reference to amino acid sequence or composition Walkey et al. (1973) (five strains).

Lipids

Lipids are not reported.

Genome Organization and Replication

By itself, genomic nucleic acid is not infectious; a successful infection by the virus requires the genome-linked protein (M.Wt 3500 (C.U.T. Hellen and J.I. Cooper, personal communication), although not yet known if required for infectivity).

Antigenicity

The virus does not show serological relationships to grapevine Bulgarian latent, lucerne Australian latent, peach rosette mosaic (Jones and Duncan, 1980), arabis mosaic, grapevine fanleaf, raspberry ringspot, strawberry latent ringspot, tobacco ringspot, tomato black ring, tomato ringspot and tomato top necrosis viruses (Cropley, 1961; Hansen and Stace-Smith, 1971; Jones and Murant, 1971).

Gomphrena globosa is only susceptible to some strains. Virions of elm and dogwood strains are less stable than most others (Jones, 1976). Most strains only produce M and B components, and the ratios of the components differ between strains. Varney and Moore (1952) found that plants infected with tomato ringspot virus resisted infection with the elm mosaic strain. Jones (1976) confirmed this using eight strains of cherry leaf roll virus in Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi-nc but found none of these protected plants against infection by tomato ringspot virus.

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.

Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms, Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae).

Severity and Occurrence of Disease

Host: Signs and symptoms persist and vary seasonally.

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is transmitted by a vector. Virus is transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting; not transmitted by contact between hosts.

Vector Transmission:
Virus is transmitted by nematodes; Xiphinema coxi, X. diversicaudatum and X. vuittenezi (cherry isolates — Fritzsche and Kegler (1964, Flegg (1969), but not the golden elderberry and rhubarb isolates). Virus is not transmitted by X. americanum, X. bakeri, Longidorus elongatus, L. leptocephalus, L. macrosoma or Paralongidorus maximus (Van Hoof, 1971; Jones et al., 1981). The elm mosaic strain is not transmitted by X. americanum (Fulton and Fulton, 1970) or by the aphid Myzus persicae (Ford et al., 1972).

Experimental Hosts and Symptoms

Under experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in many families. Susceptible host species are found in the Family Amaranthaceae, Apocynaceae, Betulaceae, Campanulaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Commelinaceae, Compositae, Cornaceae, Cruciferae, Cucurbitaceae, Juglandaceae, Labiatae, Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Malvaceae, Oleaceae, Pedaliaceae, Polemoniaceae, Polygonaceae, Ranunculaceae, Rosaceae, Rutaceae, Sambucaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Solanaceae, Tropaeolaceae, Ulmaceae, Umbelliferae. The following species were susceptible to experimental virus infection: Antirrhinum majus, Apium graveolens, Atriplex hortensis, Berteroa incana, Beta macrocarpa, Beta vulgaris, Betula, Capsicum frutescens, Catharanthus roseus, Celosia argentea, Celosia cristata, Chenopodium amaranticolor, Chenopodium foetidum, Chenopodium murale, Chenopodium quinoa, Commelina, Cornus florida, Cucumis melo, Cucumis sativus, Cucurbita maxima, Cucurbita pepo, Delphinium elatum, Glycine max, Gomphrena globosa, Helianthus annuus, Juglans regia, Lathyrus odoratus, Lavatera trimestris, Lobelia erinus, Momordica balsamina, Nicotiana benthamiana, Nicotiana clevelandii, Nicotiana debneyi, Nicotiana megalosiphon, Nicotiana occidentalis, Nicotiana rustica, Nicotiana tabacum, Ocimum basilicum, Olea europaea, Petunia x hybrida, Phaseolus vulgaris, Phlox drummondii, Physalis floridana, Physalis peruviana, Pisum sativum, Prunus avium, Prunus cerasifera, Prunus persica, Ptelea trifoliata, Raphanus sativus, Rheum rhaponticum, Rubus idaeus, Rumex obtusifolius, Sambucus racemosa, Senecio vulgaris, Sesamum indicum, Spinacia oleracea, Stellaria media, Tinantia erecta, Torenia fournieri, Tropaeolum majus, Ulmus americana, Zinnia elegans.

Host:
Experimentally infected hosts mainly show symptoms of chlorotic or necrotic local lesions, systemic necrosis or mosaic.

Experimentally infected insusceptible Hosts: Families containing insusceptible hosts: Amaranthaceae, Apocynaceae, or Caryophyllaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae, or Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Solanaceae. Species inoculated with virus that do not show signs of susceptibility: Amaranthus caudatus, Arachis hypogaea, Cassia tora, Catharanthus roseus, Citrullus lanatus, Cucurbita pepo, Datura metel, Datura stramonium, Dianthus barbatus, Lycopersicon esculentum, Saponaria vaccaria, Solanum rostratum, Vigna unguiculata.

Diagnostic Hosts

Diagnostic host species and symptoms:

Chenopodium amaranticolor, C. quinoa — chlorotic or necrotic local lesions; systemic mottle, necrosis and malformation.

Cucumis sativus — chlorotic local lesions, occasional systemic mosaic.

Nicotiana rustica, N. tabacum cvs White Burley, Xanthi-nc — necrotic local lesions and rings; systemic necrotic or chlorotic rings.

Maintenance and Propagation Hosts

Most commonly used maintenance and propagation host species are Nicotiana rustica, N. tabacum cvs White Burley, Xanthi-nc for maintaining virus cultures; Nicotiana clevelandii and Chenopodium quinoa for propagation and purification of virions.

Assay Hosts

Host: Assay hosts (for Local lesions or Whole plants):
Nicotiana rustica, N. tabacum cvs White Burley, Xanthi-nc (L), Chenopodium amaranticolor (L).

References to host data: Schmelzer (1966, Hansen and Stace-Smith (1971, Horváth (1979, Tomlinson and Walkey (1967, Lockhart (1977, Ahmed and Bailiss (1975, Walkey and Cooper (1973).

Histopathology: Virus can be best detected in leaves, roots, meristem and within tubules in pollen, ovules and mature seeds (Walkey and Webb, 1968; 1970; Jones et al., 1973). Virions are found in the cytoplasm.

Cytopathology: Inclusions are present in infected cells. Inclusion bodies in the host cell are found in the cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic inclusions are membranous bodies (connected with endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes; Jones et al., 1973). Inclusions contain mature virions. Other cellular changes include projections from cell walls (Jones et al., 1973; Cooper and Atkinson, 1975). Birch leaves showing symptoms often contain chloroplasts with large densely stained plastoglobuli and poorly defined lamellae (Cooper and Atkinson, 1975).

Geographical Distribution

The virus spreads in Eurasia and North America. The virus occurs in Australia, China, New Zealand (Aotearoa), Turkey, and the USSR (former).

List of Strains and Isolates in the Species

Birch ring and line pattern virus (Cooper and Atkinson, 1975, blackberry and red raspberry strains (Cropley and Tomlinson, 1971; Jones and Wood, 1978, berteroa ringspot virus (Lockhart, 1977, elm mosaic strain (Varney and Moore, 1952; Jones and Murant, 1971, dogwood ringspot strain (Waterworth and Lawson, 1973, golden elderberry strain (Hansen (1967, Hansen and Stace-Smith, 1971; Jones and Murant, 1971, red elder ringspot strain (Schmelzer, 1972b, rhubarb strain (Tomlinson and Walkey, 1967, type (cherry) strain (Cropley, 1961, walnut black line virus (Cooper and Edwards, 1980; De Zoeten, 1982; Mircetich et al., 1980; Rowhani et al., 1985), walnut line pattern and mosaic virus (Christoff, 1958), walnut yellow mosaic virus, walnut ringspot and walnut yellow vein strains (Savino et al., 1977).

References

Ahmed, AH. and Bailiss, KW (1975). J. hort. Sci. 50: 47.

Callahan, K.L. (1957a). Diss. Abstr. 17: 1861.

Callahan, K.L. (1957b). Phytopathology 47: 5.

Christoff, A (1958). Phytopath. Z. 31: 381.

Cooper, J.I. (1976). Mitt. biol. BundesAnst. Land. Forstw. 170: 17.

Cooper, J.I. and Atkinson, J.A. (1975). Forestry 48: 193.

Cooper, J.I. and Edwards, M.L. (1975). Forestry 53: 41.

Cooper, J.I. and Edwards, M.L. (1980). Forestry 53: 41.

Cooper, J.I., Massalski, P.R. and Edwards, M.L. (1984). Ann. appl. Biol. 105: 55.

Cropley, R. (1961). Ann. appl. Biol. 49: 524.

Cropley, R. and Tomlinson, J.A. (1971). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 80, 4 pp.

de Zoeten, GA (1982). Phytopathology 72: 1261.

Flegg, J.J.M. (1969). Rep. E. Malling Res. Stn. 1968, p. 155.

Ford, R.E., Moline, H.E., McDaniel, G.L., Mayhew, D.E. and Epstein, AH. (1972). Phytopathology 62: 987.

Fritzsche, R. and Kegler, H. (1964). Naturw. 51: 299.

Fulton, J.P. and Fulton, R.W. (1970). Phytopathology 60: 114.

Haber, S. and Hamilton, RI (1980). J. gen. Virol. 50: 377.

Hansen, AJ. (1967). Phytopathology 57: 813.

Hansen, AJ. and Stace-Smith, R. (1971). Phytopathology 61: 1222.

Horváth, J. (1979). Acta phytopath. Acad. Sci. Hung. 14: 319.

Jones, AT (1973). Ann. appl. Biol. 74: 211.

Jones, AT (1976). Poljopr. Znanst. Smotra 39: 527.

Jones, AT (1985). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 306, 6 pp.

Jones, AT and Duncan, GH (1980). J. gen. Virol. 50: 269.

Jones, AT and Mayo, MA (1972). J. gen. Virol. 16: 349.

Jones, AT and Murant, AF (1971). Ann. appl. Biol. 69: 11.

Jones, AT and Wood, GA (1978). Pl. Dis. Reptr 62: 835.

Jones, AT, Kinninmonth, AM., and Roberts, I.M. (1973). J. gen. Virol. 18: 61.

Jones, AT, McElroy, F.D. and Brown, D.J.F. (1981). Ann. appl. Biol. 99: 143.

Lister, RM and Murant, AF (1967). Ann. appl. Biol. 59: 49.

Lockhart, BE.L. (1977). Phytopathology 4: 90.

Massalski, P.R. (1984). Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. Oxford, U.K. 246 pp.

Massalski, P.R. and Cooper, J.I. (1984). Pl. Path. 33: 255.

Mircetich, SM, Sanborn, R.R. and Ramos, D.E. (1980). Phytopathology 70: 962.

Murant, AF (1983). Seed Sci. Technol. 11: 973.

Murant, AF, Taylor, M., Duncan, GH and Raschk‚, J.H. (1981). J. gen. Virol. 53: 321.

Nienhaus, F. and Hamacher, J. (1990). Allg. Forstzeitg. 16: 385.

Novak, J. and Lanzova, J. (1975). Biologia Pl. 17: 226.

Posnette, AF and Cropley, R. (1955). Rep. E. Malling Res. Stn. 1954, p. 126.

Quacquarelli, A and Savino, V. (1977). Phytopathol. Medit. 16: 154.

Rowhani, A, Mircetich, SM, Shepherd, R.J. and Cucuzza, J.D. (1985). Phytopathology 75: 48.

Savino, V. and Gallitelli, D. (1981). Phytopathol. Medit. 20: 202.

Savino, V., Quacquarelli, A, Gallitelli, D., Piazzolla P. and Martelli, G.P. (1977). Phytopathol. Medit. 16: 96.

Schimanski, HH and Schmelzer, K. (1972). Zbl. Bakt. ParasitKde. Abt. 2, 127: 673.

Schimanski, H.H., Schmelzer, K. and Albrecht, H.J. (1975). Arch. Phytopath. PflSchutz. 11: 329.

Schimanski, H.H., Schmelzer, K. and Albrecht, H.J. (1976). Zbl. Bakt. ParasitKde. Abt. 2, 131: 117.

Schimanski, H.H., Albrecht, H.J. and Kegler, H. (1980). Arch. PflSchutz. 3: 231.

Schmelzer, K. (1965). Zast. Bilja 85-88: 485.

Schmelzer, K. (1966). Phytopath. Z. 55: 317.

Schmelzer, K. (1972). Zbl. Bakt. ParasitKde. Abt. 2, 127: 140.

Schuster, C.E. and Miller, P.W. (1933). Phytopathology 23: 408.

Swingle, RV, Tilford, P.E. and Irish, C.F. (1941). Phytopathology 31: 22.

Swingle, RV, Tilford, P.E. and Irish, C.F. (1943). Phytopathology 33: 1196.

Tomlinson, J.A. and Walkey, D.GA (1967). Ann. appl. Biol. 59: 415.

Van Hoof, H.A. (1971). Neth. J. Pl. Path. 77: 30.

Varney, E.H. and Moore, J.D. (1952). Phytopathology 42: 476.

Walkey, D.GA and Cooper, J.I. (1973). Rep. nAT Veg. Res. Stn. 1972, p. 100.

Walkey, D.GA and Webb, M.J.W. (1968). J. gen. Virol. 3: 311.

Walkey, D.GA, Stace-Smith, R. and Tremaine, J.H. (1973). Phytopathology 63: 566.

Waterworth, H.E. and Lawson, RH (1973). Phytopathology 63: 141.

The following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.

PubMed References.

VIDEdB, the plant virus database developed at the Australian National University by Adrian J. Gibbs and collaborators, contains an earlier description with the number 198 by A.T. Jones 1986. A description of the virus is found in DPV, a database for plant viruses developed by the Association of Applied Biologists (AAB), with the number 306.



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ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

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