Approved: ________________________
Director
Effective Date: _____________

Sunset Date: _______________

Table of Contents

1. Background
2. Purpose
3. Authority
4. NPS Resource Stewardship Planning Policy
5. Relationships to Other NPS Plans
6. Information Management Requirements
7. Environmental Planning
8. Roles, Responsibilities, and Funding
Attachment 1 - Definitions
Attachment 2 - Resource Stewardship Plans - Program Standards

1.0 Background

1.1.  Resource Management Plans were previously required by the 1988 NPS Management Policies and their content prescribed by the NPS Resource Management Planning Guideline and Software Manual (1994). They continue to be required by the current National Park Service Management Policies (2001). However, changes to these plans are necessitated by changes to the NPS planning process contained in the current National Park Service Management Policies (2001). Under this revised planning process, there is a large gap between the broad requirements for the General Management Plan (GMP) and the park strategic plan's required 5-year suite of base-funded actions under "foreseeable" park budgets. This gap is being addressed through a new plan in place of the RMP, the Resource Stewardship Plan (RSP). The Resource Stewardship Plan provides a mechanism to develop and document well-defined and integrated natural and cultural resource condition objectives and comprehensive strategies for meeting them to guide park management decision-making.

The Resource Stewardship Plan provides a linkage between the general, conceptual treatment of resources in GMPs and the specific detailed activities described in park strategic or implementation plans.

2.0 Purpose

  2.1.  This Director's Order supplements the policies and guidance included in chapters 2, 4 and 5 of NPS Management Policies (2001). It, and the accompanying Reference Manual 2-1, replace:

· Chapter 4 of NPS-77 Natural Resource Management Guideline (1991);
· NPS Resource Management Planning Guideline and Software Manual (1994); and
· Section C of the interim cultural resource management handbook, NPS-28 Cultural Resource Management Guideline (1998).

This Director's Order will also be coordinated with Section B3bii of Director's Order 41: Wilderness Preservation and Management (1999).

  2.2.  This Director's Order addresses replacement of the Resource Management Plan with a requirement for each park to develop and maintain a Resource Stewardship Plan whose role and function differs significantly from the former RMP. This Director's Order also addresses the relationships between the Resource Stewardship Plan and other NPS planning requirements.

  2.3.  The Associate Directors for Natural Resource Stewardship and Science and for Cultural Resource Stewardship are delegated the authority to establish program standards and other detailed guidance in the form of Reference Manual 2-1 for Resource Stewardship Planning. Together, this Director's Order, the program standards, and Reference Manual 2-1 will provide information needed by park managers throughout the national park system to develop science- and scholarship-based comprehensive strategies for the achievement and maintenance of park desired future resource conditions. The reference manual will include detailed guidance about specific procedures, techniques and tools useful in developing park natural and cultural resource management strategies and the resource stewardship planning process. The program standards and Reference Manual 2-1 constitute "level three" guidance for resource stewardship planning.

  2.4.  This order is intended only to improve the internal management of the NPS and it is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or equity by a party against the United States, its department, agencies, instrumentalities or entities, its officers or employees, or any other person.

3.0  Authority

  3.1.  This Director's Order is issued pursuant to 16 USC 1 through 4 (the National Park Service Organic Act), 16 USC 5911, and 5931 through 5936 (the National Parks Omnibus Management Act of 1998), and delegations of authority contained in Part 245 of the Departmental Manual.

4.0  Relationships to Other NPS Plans

  4.1.  The GMP establishes the desired future resource conditions used for resource stewardship planning purposes.

  4.2. The park's Resource Stewardship Plan reiterates the desired future resource conditions in the GMP to ensure that they provide appropriately quantifiable, measurable objectives needed to develop management strategies and to measure the success of management actions implementing the strategies. Depending upon the outcome of this evaluation, Resource Stewardship Plans will:

1) Adopt the desired future resource conditions identified in the park's GMP;
2) Refine and adopt the desired future resource conditions included in the GMP as quantifiable or otherwise objective targets to represent the desired future condition and the indicators to be monitored in order to assess current resource conditions; or, if the GMP lacks desired future resource conditions,
3) Develop interim desired future resource conditions pending development of a new GMP.

(See 5.3.5 for more information about situations where no GMP exists for the park, or where the GMP does not contain management prescriptions consistent with chapter 2 of Management Policies.)

  4.3.  The Resource Stewardship Plan then discusses the park's long-term, science- and scholarship-based strategies to achieve and maintain the desired future resource conditions.
The strategies developed and documented in the Resource Stewardship Plan will provide the basis for determining the park's long-term needs for changes in budget allocations, funding outside of park base, and staffing capabilities. The strategies and actions contained in Resource Stewardship Plans will serve as a basis for developing and revising park 5-year strategic plans.

  4.4.  Shorter-term steps to implement the strategies contained in Resource Stewardship Plans are contained in park 5-year strategic plans. Developed for performance management purposes, the park's strategic planning process considers and integrates components of the Resource Stewardship Plan's comprehensive strategies into the park 5-year strategic plan. The human and fiscal resource allocation decisions included in a park's strategic plan are designed to incrementally put into effect the comprehensive strategies contained in the park Resource Stewardship Plan and provide the basis for corresponding annual performance planning.

  4.5.  Parks may also prepare detailed implementation plans (e.g., Fire Management Plan, Fisheries Management Plan, Black Bear Management Plan, Cultural Landscape Management Plan, etc.) based on a comprehensive strategy in the Resource Stewardship Plan. Such implementation plans are normally prepared in response to the complexity, duration, or controversial nature of resource management actions or programs.

5.0  NPS Resource Stewardship Planning Policy

Sections 4.1.1 and 5.2 of NPS Management Policies are hereby supplemented as follows:

  5.1.  Resource Stewardship Plans will consider the park and its resources in their full ecological and local, regional and national cultural context as a unit of the national park system and as part of their surrounding landscape. The plan will identify connections among all park programs and management districts so that comprehensive strategies address resources management in an interdisciplinary manner. The plan will guide the park as a whole, not only the organizational unit with lead responsibility for resource management. An interdisciplinary team with appropriate consultation with stakeholders will develop the plan.

  5.2.  Required components of a Resource Stewardship Plan

     5.2.1.  The Service will ensure that each park containing natural or cultural resources prepares and periodically updates a Resource Stewardship Plan that addresses the following items (and as described in more detail in the program standards):

· Restates the park's desired future resource conditions and resource condition-dependent visitor experiences specified in the management prescriptions contained in its GMP. If the park does not have a GMP, or its existing plan does not contain management prescriptions and desired future conditions consistent with chapter 2 of Management Policies, appropriate interim desired future conditions will be developed as the initial step of the resource stewardship planning process;
· Defines the park's desired future resource conditions and resource condition-dependent visitor experiences in terms of objective, measurable values representing their achievement based on the best available science and scholarship. If information is currently insufficient to define these measurable values, interim values based on the best available science and scholarship will be developed together with the description of a strategy for acquiring the information needed to develop measurable values corresponding to the park's desired future resource conditions.
· Summarizes current knowledge of the park's resources; if current information is insufficient to provide such basic information, describes strategies for its acquisition;
· Assesses current park resource conditions in terms of measurable values in comparison with the values defined for achievement of the desired future resource conditions. If information necessary to assess current resource conditions is missing, incomplete or of uncertain quality, describes strategies for its acquisition;
· Reports trends in park resource conditions based on available monitoring information; if current information is insufficient to discern trends, provides strategies for its acquisition and analysis;
· Analyzes management issues affecting the achievement and maintenance of desired future resource conditions. This should include influences responsible for differences between current and desired future resource conditions, or that may potentially conflict in concurrently meeting both desired future resource conditions and desired future visitor experiences in the same management zone;
· Provides long-term science- and scholarship-based comprehensive resource stewardship strategies to achieve and maintain the park's desired future resource conditions;
· Assesses the effectiveness of previous and current resource management actions in achieving or maintaining desired future resource conditions and implications for the comprehensive strategies.

     5.2.2.  Comprehensive Resource Stewardship Strategies

Comprehensive strategies developed to achieve and maintain park-specific desired future resource conditions will be the key products of the Resource Stewardship Plan. These strategies will be developed and documented through the resource stewardship planning process. They will provide parks with a template for developing detailed program and project needs, which will then be integrated into park strategic planning. Together, the strategies and their detailed needs provide parks with a crucial strategic planning tool for human and fiscal resource allocation decision-making and for detailed implementation planning.

Each comprehensive strategy will possess the following characteristics:

· Addresses the next 10- to 20-years timeframe;
· Developed in terms of the human and fiscal resources that may be attained under the best long term circumstances;
· Based on long-term scientific and scholarly information;
· Identifies and provides basic descriptions of what would be necessary to achieve and maintain a desired future resource condition and the logical sequence of their performance (e.g., inventory, monitoring, applied research, treatment, stabilization, restoration, education, maintenance, peer review, effectiveness review);
· Specifies the measurable change in resource condition that the strategy is intended to achieve towards attaining or maintaining a desired resource condition; and
· Provides a logical timeframe for implementing the sequence of activities comprising the strategy.

  5.3  The Resource Stewardship Planning Process

     5.3.1.  The NPS will use the resource stewardship planning process to identify long-term strategies that, if implemented, would achieve and maintain the desired future resource conditions identified in the GMP, and in some cases, the interim desired resource conditions developed during the resource stewardship planning process and included in the Resource Stewardship Plan. It will use an interdisciplinary process to develop integrated strategies encompassing natural, cultural and other resource values and concerns in an interdisciplinary and consultative manner. Knowledge and skills of natural and cultural resource specialists, scientists, and scholars having relevant expertise will be utilized. Once developed, the parks will then base their 5-year strategic plans on the 10- to 20- year strategies set forth in the Resource Stewardship Plans. Resource Stewardship Plans would provide the basis for the separate preparation of park base increase and project funding requests for this 5-year period to the extent allowable by foreseeable human and fiscal resources.

     5.3.2.  Resource stewardship planning will include, at a minimum, informal consultation with traditionally associated peoples, other agencies at various levels of government with special interests or expertise about the park's resources, and other stakeholders as appropriate. If park interim desired future resource conditions are developed through the resource stewardship planning process, outside resource experts and authorities, as well as knowledgeable park staff, should be involved. Interim desired future resource conditions should be subjected to both peer and public review and comment.

     5.3.3.  The superintendent of each park will prepare and periodically revise a Resource Stewardship Plan for his/her park, except as noted below for new parks.

       5.3.3.1.  Superintendents of existing parks will prepare and obtain approval of a Resource Stewardship Plan in accordance with a regionally-approved schedule designed to balance the regional workload associated with assisting with plans throughout the region. In no case should park Resource Stewardship Plans be completed more than five years from the date of this order.

       5.3.3.2.  Superintendents of new parks will prepare and obtain approval of a Resource Stewardship Plan within six years following its issuance, but no more than two years following approval of the park's initial GMP.

       5.3.3.3.  Superintendents of parks where the preparation of a Resource Stewardship Plan is contingent upon a requested revision or amendment to the GMP (i.e., the resource objectives in the current GMP are in need of updating) will prepare and obtain approval of a Resource Stewardship Plan within six years from the date of this order, but no more than two years following approval of the GMP revision or amendment.

       5.3.3.4.  Superintendents of parks possessing an approved Resource Stewardship Plan will prepare and approve revisions to it not more than five years following its approval date. The park's Resource Stewardship Plan may be updated more frequently based on new information on the park's resources or other park needs.

    5.3.4.  The park superintendent must approve all Resource Stewardship Plans, subject to peer review and concurrence, with copies provided to both the relevant regional and Washington Office Associate Directors' offices. The peer review must consist of review by at least three natural or cultural resource specialists, including at least one specialist from each of these two resource disciplines prior to superintendent approval. The signature of peer reviewers must attest that the strategies meet minimum standards for moving the park toward meeting its desired future resource conditions. The reviewers shall not be the preparers of the plan and no more than one of the reviewers may be on the park's staff. Involvement of professional resource management specialists in the development of Resource Stewardship Plans will reduce the possibilities of peer review uncovering problems in the plan's analysis and strategies and the need to revise them.

     5.3.5.  If interim desired future resource conditions are developed as a part of the resource stewardship planning process; the Regional Director must approve them. The approval may be documented separately (and reflected in the plan) or through Regional Director approval of the plan.

     5.3.6.  In all cases, components of the Resource Stewardship Plan may borrow freely from other sources. For example, some park strategic plans have taken a broader approach and developed longer-term, unconstrained strategies to provide the context for required 5-year planning. If these strategies are sufficient to meet desired future resource conditions, and provided they are consistent with the park's GMP, they may be adopted directly in summary form. Additionally, resource condition information may be adequately described in other documents, including monitoring strategies. If so, the material may also be used directly in summary form. However, to provide a comprehensive plan, the material should be assembled with the plan, and preferably incorporated into it, so that the strategies are coherent in the context of available information and analyses.

     5.3.7.   Resource managers and natural and cultural discipline specialists should objectively evaluate the results of activities and projects implemented in response to comprehensive strategies in a park's Resource Stewardship Plan every two or three years. If goals are not being met, superintendents must determine the course of, and re-evaluate the strategies in, the current Resource Stewardship Plan, modifying the plan as necessary. Occasionally the desired future resource conditions may need to be reassessed based on new knowledge or previously unforeseen circumstances, and this reassessment may indicate the need to amend the park's GMP.

6.0  Information Management Requirements

  6.1.  Each park will develop and maintain information on existing resource conditions, desired future resource conditions, and the status of the inventories and condition assessments for each resource addressed in the Resource Stewardship Plan in a manner that is consistent with RM 2-1, and required Resource Stewardship Plan elements.

 6.2.  Detailed park project or program information in various information systems (i.e., the legacy RMP database) is not part of a park's Resource Stewardship Plan. Specific programs and projects necessary to implement the components of a park's comprehensive strategy would be addressed in detail, including funding and staffing requirements, in appropriate information systems and implementation plans.

7.  Environmental Planning

  7.1.  The Resource Stewardship Plan is a long-term (10- to 20-year) program plan that is not a decision-making document. It specifies comprehensive strategies for use by park managers designed to achieve and maintain desired future resource conditions prescribed in the park's GMP. These resource conditions are normally within the scope of the analysis addressed by the GMP's Environmental Impact Statement and adopted in the Record of Decision. The comprehensive strategies provided by the Resource Stewardship Plan provide park managers with decision-making tools during subsequent strategic and implementation planning. Environmental analysis separate from the Resource Stewardship Plan may be required in conjunction with the planning of specific actions or undertakings.

  7.2.  Desired future resource conditions developed through resource stewardship planning are based on the management prescriptions contained in the current GMP. As a consequence, the Resource Stewardship Plan is routinely within scope of the GMP's Environmental Impact Statement and no additional environmental analysis will be necessary.

  7.3.  Interim desired future resource conditions are developed through resource stewardship planning when they cannot be based on management prescriptions or management objectives contained in a GMP. These interim desired future resource conditions will be evaluated in relation to the scope of the GMP's Environmental Impact Statement. Interim desired future conditions within the scope of the existing Environmental Impact Statement will require no additional environmental analysis; conditions outside the scope of the existing Environmental Impact Statement will require additional environmental analysis (e.g., environmental assessment, environmental impact statement, NHPA Section 106 compliance).

  7.4.  Interim desired future resource conditions developed through resource stewardship planning that constitute a major shift in direction or emphasis in relation to that specified in a GMP may require a revision, amendment or addendum to the GMP and associated environmental analysis before the Resource Stewardship Plan can be approved.

8.  Roles, Responsibilities, and Funding

  8.1.  Each superintendent will be responsible for an approved, up-to-date Resource Stewardship Plan for his/her park; periodically updating that plan; and ensuring that appropriate interdisciplinary approaches, peer reviews and stakeholder consultations have occurred.

  8.2.  The Associate Director for Natural Resource Stewardship and Science, the Associate Director for Cultural Resources, and the Regional Directors are responsible for identifying qualified natural and cultural resource subject-matter specialists potentially available to either participate on interdisciplinary Resource Stewardship Plan planning teams or to serve as peer reviewers of draft Resource Stewardship Plans. Information on these subject-matter specialists will be made available to park superintendents.

  8.3.  There is no specific funding source set aside to support costs associated with resource stewardship planning. At Washington and regional office discretion, a portion of existing regionally allocated project funding may be made available to help defray certain resource stewardship planning costs.

                              ----------End of Director's Order----------

Attachment 1
Definitions

Comprehensive Strategy-A concise documented approach outlining the logical sequence of steps necessary to achieve one or more desired future resource conditions.

Desired Future Condition - Resource Condition - The resource condition portion of a "management prescription" which is consistent with a park's purpose/significance and specified in a park General Management Plan. Desired future conditions concerning resources are usually expressed as a qualitative description (e.g., natural resources are unimpaired and generally unaffected by human influences while natural landscapes and soundscapes predominate; provide maximum protection for certain exceptional or fragile resources, such as unique fossils and sensitive archeological sites). (Each management prescription consists of two integrated factors: desired future condition-resource condition and desired future condition-visitor experience.)

Desired Future Condition - Visitor Experience - The visitor experience portion of a "management prescription" which is consistent with a park's purpose/significance and specified in a park General

Management Plan. Desired future conditions concerning visitor experience are usually expressed as a qualitative description (i.e., visitors explore remote areas of the park in a natural setting with opportunities for solitude, independence, closeness to nature, and adventure as key experiences). (Each management prescription consists of two integrated factors: desired future condition-resource condition and desired future condition-visitor experience.)

Desired Future Resource Condition - The quantifiable or otherwise objective science- or scholarship-based targets that correspond with a desired future condition-resource condition.

Director's Order 2 - The NPS level 2 policy addressing park planning. (Check www.nps.gov/policy for latest status.)

Foundation for park planning and management - A document that defines the park's foundation of legal and policy mandates and the prerequisite for all subsequent planning and decision making (refer to Management Policies, Chapter 2 - Park Planning for additional information). This foundation may be developed as the first stage of general management planning or independently of a general management plan.

General Management Plan-The park's principle planning document (refer to Management Policies, Chapter 2 - Park Planning for additional information). The General Management Plan includes long-term direction for desired conditions of park resources and visitor experiences, expressed as management prescriptions.

Implementation Plan - Plans that tier off the park's general management plan, program management plans, and park strategic plan and describe in detail the high-priority actions that will be taken over the next several years to help achieve the desired future conditions for the park.

Information System - A computer system including the data residing in the system. Examples include the Project Management Information System (PMIS), Operations Formulation System (OFS), List of Classified Structures (LCS), and Resource Activity Management System (RAMS).

Interim Desired Future Resource Condition - Developed as part of the resource stewardship planning process when a park's General Management Plan does not possess current desired future conditions-resource conditions. Interim desired future resource conditions are used in the same manner as desired future resource conditions for resource stewardship planning purposes.

Management Objective - An objective specified in a General Management Plan prepared pursuant to NPS policy prior to the issuance of Director's Order 2 - Park Planning in 1998. They are primarily designed as targets to be achieved by park management over the 10-20 year life of these General Management Plans.

Management Prescription - Area-specific descriptions of the resource conditions and visitor experience opportunities to be achieved in each distinctive area of the park, and focusing on the fundamental or otherwise nationally significant resources and values occurring in each area together with the kinds and levels of management, access, and development appropriate to maintaining those conditions and experiences. (Management prescriptions that are park-wide, instead of area-specific, are referred to as "Optimum Conditions" per DO-2 [2003].)

Management Zone - A geographically delineated management overlay of management prescriptions applicable to park lands and waters.

Measurable Value - A value that can either be measured directly (i.e., a numerical value) or determined through the use of consistent criteria (i.e., a descriptive value) and is reproducible by different individuals utilizing the same protocols or criteria with an acceptable degree of statistical validity.

Planner's Sourcebook - The title of the reference manual accompanying Director's Order 2 - Park Planning and chapter 2 of Management Policies, issued by the Associate Director, Park Planning, Facilities and Lands. Sometimes referred to as "Reference Manual 2" or "RM-2."

Program Plan - Plans that identify and recommend the best comprehensive strategies for achieving the desired future conditions and/or visitor experiences related to a particular program area (refer to Management Policies, Chapter 2 - Park Planning for additional information). The Resource Stewardship Plan is one type of park program plan.

Reference Manual 2 - See the "Planner's Sourcebook."

Reference Manual 2-1 -- The title of the reference manual accompanying Director's Order 2-1 - Resource Stewardship Planning issued jointly by the by the Associate Director, Cultural Resource Stewardship and the Associate Director, Natural Resource Stewardship and Science.

Resource Condition-Dependent Visitor Experience-A desired future condition-visitor experience whose realization is dependent upon achieving a specific resource condition.

Resource Management Plan - The plan that details how both natural and cultural resources will be managed in a given park. (The Resource Management Plan is superceded by the Resource

Stewardship Plan addressed by this Director's Order.)

Resource Stewardship Plan - A "program plan" that identifies and recommends the best comprehensive strategies for achieving a park's desired future conditions-resource conditions relating to the cultural resource and natural resource program areas, including those resource conditions upon which visitor enjoyment is dependent.

Strategic Plan - Park plans that tier off a park's General Management Plan and Program Plans, which makes decisions about which of the desired conditions identified in those plans should be the highest park priorities in the foreseeable future (usually about the next three to five years).

Attachment 2

Program Standards: Resource Stewardship Plan - Required Elements

Each Resource Stewardship Plan will contain the following information in the format and sequence shown, in a manner consistent with RM 2-1:

· Title page with:
  o Signatures and dates of reviews by peer reviewers; and
  o Signature and date of park Superintendent approval.

· Introduction page with:
  o Names, titles and subject-matter specialty of the interdisciplinary team members involved in preparation of the plan; and
  o Names, titles and affiliations of stakeholders consulted in conjunction with preparation of the plan.

· Statement of Park Purpose and Significance (consistent with park's Foundation Document and GMP);

· Management Prescriptions and Desired Future Conditions for resources from General Management Plan, or Interim Desired Future Resource Conditions, if applicable

· Status of resource knowledge including currently identified resources, expressed in terms of their ecological and cultural context (e.g., a conceptual model of the interaction of ecosystem components and/or an analysis of the local, regional and national cultural context)

· Desired Future Resource Conditions expressed in measurable values using the variables and terms that will be used to express and measure current resource conditions over time. Measurable quantitative or qualitative values for each desired future resource condition are developed and described in terms of:
  o The condition class that is desired (e.g. good, natural, etc).
  o The geographic setting of the desired future resource condition value (i.e., where in the park is a desired future resource condition are to be restored, maintained, or achieved; e.g., park-wide, specific park Management Zone or Zones).
  o The specific set of indicators or parameters that can be measured to determine current resource conditions relative to the value or range of values corresponding to the desired future resource conditions. (Examples: (1) the desired future condition for an animal population might be described in terms of population size and age structure, (2) the desired future condition for a historic landscape might be described in terms of the absence of non-contributing structures and integrity of historic earthworks, (3) a desired future condition for a vegetative community might be described in terms of species composition, juxtaposition, or community structure, (4) the desired future condition for a historic structure might be described in terms of being stabilized and preserved, and (5) the desired future condition for aquatic communities might be described in terms of water chemistry or flow regime.
  o The measurable value, or range of values, for each indicator or parameter describing achievement of each desired future resource condition.

· Current resource conditions expressed in measurable values or ranges of values developed through inventory and monitoring programs or by utilizing accepted resource condition assessment methodologies.

· Identification of resource information which is incomplete or of uncertain quality necessary to assess current resource conditions and provide a strategy for its acquisition;

· Trends in resource conditions or if insufficient information is currently available from which to identify trends provide a strategy for its acquisition and analysis;

· Identification and map, in conjunction with Management Zones established in the General Management Plan:

· Areas of the park that are to be managed for natural or near natural conditions (e.g., map where the desired future resource conditions are to achieve and maintain native vegetation, natural erosion processes, etc);

· Areas of the park that are to be managed for desired biotic communities (e.g., map where the desired future resource conditions are to achieve and maintain pinyon-juniper forest communities or coral reefs);

· Other spatial natural resource objectives linked to desired future resource conditions;

· Areas of the park that are to be managed for historic setting or cultural landscape conditions (e.g., map where the desired future resource conditions are to achieve and maintain the appearance of a battlefield site consistent with a specific date); and

· Spatially defined administrative or management zones specified in other current planning documents that should be integrated into resource stewardship planning (e.g., "potential wilderness" identified in an NPS Wilderness Suitability Study, "national marine sanctuary boundary" specified in an NOAA National Marine Sanctuary Management Plan, 100-year flood hazard area delineated on a FEMA Flood Insurance Rate Map).

· Analyses of difference, vulnerability, and resource issues, comparing the current resource conditions and desired future resource conditions with stressors likely to affect future conditions;

· Evaluation of effectiveness of previous and existing resource management actions;

· Analyze alternative strategies to achieving and maintaining desired future resource conditions for effectiveness, where appropriate, particularly where there are potential interactions among strategies;

· Comprehensive resource stewardship strategies for achieving Desired Future Resource Conditions (specifying the general types of activities [e.g., inventory, restoration], the logical sequence of activities and associated timeframes, human resources required, approximate cost in current year dollars); and anticipated change in resource conditions each strategy could achieve over the next five years with adequate human and fiscal resources;

· Measures to resolve potential conflicts among comprehensive resource strategies;

· Park human and fiscal resources available to implement strategies; and

· Identification of Relevant Existing or Needed Implementation Plans.