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IRIS Glossary /Acronyms & Abbreviations

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

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A

• AADI - Adjusted Acceptable Daily Intake
• AChE - acetylcholinesterase
• ACGIH - American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists
• ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake
• AHFS - American Hospital Formulary Service
• a.i. - active ingredient
• AIHA - American Industrial Health Association
• AMA - American Medical Association
• AOAC - Association of Official Analytical Chemists
• APA - American Pharmaceutical Association
• ASCII - American Standard Code for Information Exchange
• ASHP - American Society of Hospital Pharmacists
• AUR - Air Unit Risk

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B

• b:a lambda(a) - Blood-to-air partition coefficient of the chemical for the experimental animal species used in the HEC derivation of an RfC
• b:a lambda(h) - Blood-to-air partition coefficient of the chemical for the human used in the HEC derivation of an RfC
• BHP - biodegradation, hydrolysis, and photolysis
• BOD5 - biochemical oxygen demand as measured in the standard 5-day test
• BUN - blood urea nitrogen
• Bw - body weight
• BWa - Body weight (kg) for experimental animal species used in the HEC derivation of an RfC.
• BWh - Body weight (kg) for human used in the HEC derivation of an RfC.

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C

• CAG - Carcinogen Assessment Group, U.S. EPA
• CAS - Chemical Abstracts Service
• CBI - Confidential business information
• cc - cubic centimeters
• CC - closed cup
• CDC - Centers for Disease Control
• CERCLA - Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980
• CFR - Code of Federal Regulations
• CF - Conversion factor based on PBPK modeling used in the HEC derivation of an RfC for gases. Note: The CF is specific for the experimental animal species and the exposure regimen and concentration simulated.
• ChE - cholinesterase
• CHO - Chinese hamster ovary
• CIIT - Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology
• CNS - central nervous system
• CPK - creatine phosphokinase
• CRAVE - Carcinogen Risk Assessment Verification Endeavor
• cu.m - cubic meter
• CWA - Clean Water Act

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D

• DASE - Dutch Association of Safety Experts
• DHEW - U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (now U.S. Department of Health and Human Services)
• DNA - deoxyribonucleic acid
• DOT - U.S. Department of Transportation
• DW - drinking water
• DWEL - Drinking Water Equivalent Level

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E

• E - exponent (e.g., 1.5E-6 = 1.5 x 10 to the power of -6)
• EED - estimated exposure dose
• EEG - electroencephalogram
• EKG - electrocardiogram
• ELISA - enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
• EMTD - estimated maximum tolerated dose
• EP - Extraction Procedure
• ER - Extrarespiratory. Refers to effects peripheral to the respiratory system as the portal-of-entry, or systemic effects.
• ET - Extrathoracic region of the respiratory tract
• EPA - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

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F

• FEL - frank-effect level
• FIFRA - Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act
• FOI - Freedom of Information
• F1 - first filial generation (in experimental animals)
• FR - Federal Register
• FRC - functional reserve capacity
• FTS - Federal Telecommunications System
• FWS - U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

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G

• g - grams
• GI - gastrointestinal
• GPT - glutamic-pyruvic transaminase

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H

• HA - Health Advisory
• HAPPS - Hazardous Air Pollution Prioritization System
• HAS - Health Assessment Summary
• HCT - hematocrit
• HDT - highest dose tested
• HEC - human equivalent concentration
• HEEP - Health and Environmental Effects Profile
• Hgb - hemoglobin
• HHS - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
• HSDB - Hazardous Substance Database

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I

• IARC - International Agency for Research on Cancer
• ICR - Institute of Cancer Research
• ICRP - International Commission for Radiological Protection
• i.m. - intramuscular
• i.p. - intraperitoneal
• i.v. - intravenous
• IRIS - Integrated Risk Information System
• ITII - International Technical Information Institute

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K

• kg - kilogram

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L

• L - liter
• LCLO - Lethal Concentration Low; the lowest concentration at which death occurred
• LC50 - Lethal Concentration 50; concentration lethal to 50% of the animals LDLO
• LD50 - Lethal Dose 50; dose lethal to 50% of the animals
• LDH - lactic-acid dehydrogenase
• LDT - lowest dose tested
• LEL - lower explosive limit
• LEL - lowest-effect level
• Lethal Dose Low - the lowest dose at which death occurred
• LOAEL - lowest-observed-adverse-effect level
• LOAEL(ADJ) - LOAEL adjusted to continuous exposure duration from an intermittent regimen by hour/day and days/7 days.
• LOAEL(HEC) - LOAEL adjusted for dosimetric differences across species to a human equivalent concentration.

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M

• m - meter
• MCL - maximum contaminant level
• MCLG - maximum contaminant level goal
• MED - minimum effective dose
• MEFV - maximum expiratory flow volume
• MF - modifying factor
• mg - milligram
• mg/kg - milligrams per kilogram
• mg/L - milligrams per liter
• mmHg - millimeters of mercury; a measure of pressure
• MMAD - mass median aerodynamic diameter
• MOE - margin of exposure
• MOS - margin of safety
• MTD - maximum tolerated dose
• MTL - median threshold limit
• MVa - Minute ventilatory volume for experimental animal species (composite value expressed in cu.m/day) used in the HEC derivation of an RfC.
• MVh - Minute ventilatory volume for human (composite value expressed in cu.m/day) used in the HEC derivation of an RfC.
• MVho - Minute ventilatory volume for human in an occupational environment, assuming 8 hour/day exposure (composite value expressed in cu.m/day), used in the HEC derivation of an RfC.

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N

• NAAQS - National Ambient Air Quality Standards
• NAS - National Academy of Sciences
• NESHAP - National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants
• NFPA - National Fire Prevention Association
• ng - nanogram
• NIH - National Institutes of Health
• NIOSH - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• NLM - National Library of Medicine
• NOAEL - no-observed-adverse-effect level
• NOAEL(ADJ) - NOAEL adjusted to continuous exposure duration from an intermittent regimen by hour/day and days/7 days.
• NOAEL(HEC) - NOAEL adjusted for dosimetric differences across species to a human equivalent concentration.
• NOEL - no-observed-effect level
• n.a. - not available
• n.o.s. - not otherwise specified
• NRC - National Research Council
• NSPS - New Source Performance Standards
• NTIS - National Technical Information Service
• NTP - National Toxicology Program

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O

• OAQPS - Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, U.S. EPA
• OAR - Office of Air and Radiation, U.S. EPA
• OARM - Office of Administration and Resources Management, U.S. EPA
• OC - open cup
• OW - Office of Water, U.S. EPA
• OHEA - Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. EPA
• OHM/TADS - Oil and Hazardous Materials Technical Assistance Data Systems
• OPP - Office of Pesticide Programs, U.S. EPA
• OPPE - Office of Policy Planning and Evaluation, U.S. EPA
• OPTS - Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances, U.S. EPA
• ORD - Office of Research and Development, U.S. EPA
• OSHA - U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration
• OST - Office of Science and Technology, U.S. EPA
• OSWER - Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, U.S. EPA
• OTS - Office of Toxic Substances, U.S. EPA
• OWRS - Office of Water Regulations and Standards, U.S. EPA

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P

• P - probit dose extrapolation model
• PBPK - physiologically based pharmacokinetic
• pCi - picocurie
• PD - Position Document
• PEL - permissible exposure limit
• PHS - U.S. Public Health Service
• p.o. - per os (by mouth)
• ppb - parts per billion
• ppm - parts per million
• PU - pulmonary region of the respiratory tract

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R

• RA - risk assessment
• RBC - red blood cell(s)
• RCRA - Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
• RDDR - Regional deposited dose ratio used in derivation of an HEC for particles.
• RDDR(ER) - Regional deposited dose ratio used in the HEC derivation of an RfC for an observed extrarespiratory effect of particles.
• RDDR(ET) - Regional deposited dose ratio used in the HEC derivation of an RfC for an observed effect of particles in the extrathoracic region of the respiratory tract.
• RDDR(PU) - Regional deposited dose ratio used in the HEC derivation of an RfC for an observed effect of particles in the pulmonary region of the respiratory tract.
• RDDR(TB) - Regional deposited dose ratio used in the HEC derivation of an RfC for an observed effect of particles in the tracheobronchial region of the respiratory tract.
• RDDR(TH) - Regional deposited dose ratio used in the HEC derivation of an RfC for an observed effect of particles in the thoracic region of the respiratory tract.
• RDDR(TOTAL) - Regional deposited dose ratio used the HEC derivation of an RfC for an observed effect of particles in the total respiratory tract.
• RGDR - Regional gas dose ratio used in derivation of an HEC for gases.
• RGDR(ET) - Regional gas dose ratio used in the HEC derivation of an RfC for an observed effect of a gas in the extrathoracic region of the respiratory tract.
• RGDR(PU) - Regional gas dose ratio used in the HEC derivation of an RfC for an observed effect of a gas in the pulmonary region of the respiratory tract.
• RGDR(TB) - Regional gas dose ratio used in the HEC derivation of an RfC for an observed effect of a gas in the tracheobronchial region of the respiratory tract.
• RGDR(TH) - Regional gas dose ratio used in the HEC derivation of an RfC for an observed effect of a gas in the thoracic region of the respiratory tract.
• RGDR(TOTAL) - Regional gas dose ratio used in the HEC derivation of an RfC for an observed effect of a gas in the total respiratory tract.
• RfD - Oral Reference Dose
• RfC - Inhalation Reference Concentration
• RgD - Regulatory Dose
• RM - risk management
• RPAR - rebuttable presumption against registration
• RQ - Reportable Quantity
• RTECS - Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances
• RV - residual volume

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S

• Sa - Surface area (in sq.cm) for respiratory tract region for experimental animal species used in the HEC derivation of an RfC.
• Sa(ET) - Surface area (in sq.cm) of extrathoracic region for experimental animal species used in the HEC derivation of an RfC.
• Sa(TB) - Surface area (in sq.cm) of tracheobronchial region for experimental animal species used in the HEC derivation of an RfC.
• Sa(TH) - Surface area (in sq.cm) of thoracic region for experimental animal species used in the HEC derivation of an RfC.
• Sa(PU) - Surface area (in sq.cm) of pulmonary region for experimental animal species used in the HEC derivation of an RfC.
• Sa(TOTAL) - Surface area (in sq.cm) of total respiratory system for experimental animal species used in the HEC derivation of an RfC.
• SAB - Science Advisory Board
• SANSS - Structure and Nomenclature Search System
• SAP - serum alkaline phosphatase
• SARA - Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 s.c. subcutaneous
• SCE - sister-chromatid exchange
• SDWA - Safe Drinking Water Act
• SF - safety factor
• SGOT - serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase
• SGPT - serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase
• Sh - Surface area (in sq.cm) of respiratory tract for human used in the HEC derivation of an RfC.
• Sh(ET) - Surface area (in sq.cm) of extrathoracic region for human used in the HEC derivation of an RfC.
• Sh(TB) - Surface area (in sq.cm) of tracheobronchial region for human used in the HEC derivation of an RfC.
• Sh(TH) - Surface area (in sq.cm) of thoracic region for human used in the HEC derivation of an RfC.
• Sh(PU) - Surface area (in sq.cm) of pulmonary region for human used in the HEC derivation of an RfC.
• Sh(TOTAL) - Surface area (in sq.cm) of total respiratory system for human used in the HEC derivation of an RfC.
• sigma g - geometric standard deviation
• SMCL - secondary maximum contaminant level
• SMR - standard mortality ratio
• sq.cm. - square centimeters
• SRI - Stanford Research Institute
• STEL - short-term exposure limit

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T

• TB - tracheobronchial region of the respiratory tract
• TCC - Tagliabue closed cup, a standard method of determining flash points
• TDB - Toxicology Database
• TH - thoracic (TB + PU) region of the respiratory tract
• TLV - Threshold Limit Value
• TOC - Tagliabue open cup, a standard method of determining flash points
• TOTAL - total respiratory tract
• TSCA - Toxic Substances Control Act
• TWA - time-weighted averageý

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U

• UCL - upper confidence limit
• UEL - upper explosive limit
• UF - uncertainty factor
• µg - microgram
• umol - micromoles

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V

• VAa - Alveolar ventilation rate (cu.m/day) for experimental animal species used in HEC derivation of an RfC.
• VAh - Alveolar ventilation rate (cu.m/day) for human used in HEC derivation of an RfC.
• VOC - volatile organic compound
• v/v - volume for volume

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W

• WBC - white blood cell(s)
• WQC - Water Quality Criteria

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