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00.039.0.01.015. Soybean dwarf virus

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.039.0.01.015. Soybean dwarf virus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Isolate Description

Location: Hokkaido; Japan.

Host of Isolate and Habitat Details
Source of isolate: Glycine max.

Natural host and symptoms
Glycine max, Trifolium pratense — puckering, rugosity and yellowing, stunting.

Pisum sativum — mild yellowing of older leaves.

Phaseolus vulgaris — yellowing of leaves and stunting.

Gomphrena globosa, Erodium moschatum, Trifolium subterraneum, Vicia sativa, Calandrinia caulescens — leaf reddening.

Beta vulgaris, Lupinus albus, Lupinus angustifolius, Medicago polymorpha — leaf yellowing.

Trifolium repens, T. pratense — no symptoms.

Vicia faba, Vicia articulata — leaf yellowing, rolling.

Reference to Isolation Report
Tamada et al. (1969, Tamada (1970).

Classification

This is a description of a plant virus at the species level with data on all virus properties from morphology to genome, replication, antigenicity and biological properties.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.039.0.01.015. Virus accession number: 39001015. Obsolete virus code: 00.039.0.00.015.; 39.0.1.0.015; superceded accession number: 39000015; 39010015.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID: 12049.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

Synonym(s): subterranean clover red leaf virus. ICTV approved acronym: SbDV. Virus is an ICTV approved species. Virus is not assigned to a genus; of the family 00.039. Luteoviridae.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped, round with polyhedral symmetry. The isometric capsid has a diameter of 25-27 nm. Capsids appear round. The capsomer arrangement is not obvious.

Electron microscopic preparation and references: Virus preparation contains few virions. Not necessary to fix the virions. Reference for electron microscopic methods: Tamada et al. (1969, Kojima and Tamada (1976, Tamada (1973, Ashby and Kyriakou (1982, Johnstone et al. (1982, Waterhouse and Helms (1985).

Physicochemical and Physical Properties

There are 1 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations. The sedimentation coefficient is 114 S20w. The thermal inactivation point (TIP) is at 45-50°C (when tested by insect injection or membrane feeding). The longevity in vitro (LIV) is more than 14 days. Although the titer is dependent on the host, the decimal exponent (DEX) of the dilution end point is usually around 2-3. The infectivity is decreased by treatment with ether.

Nucleic Acid

The Mr of the genome constitutes 30% of the virion by weight. The genome is not segmented and contains a single molecule of linear positive-sense, single-stranded RNA. The complete genome is 5861 nucleotides long. The RNA is partially sequenced, sequenced region is 5861 nucleotides long. Sequence has the accession number
[L20835] Em(40)_vi:SDVCOATX Gb(84)_vi:SDVCOATX Soybean dwarf virus coat protein gene and 21 kDa ORF, complete cds. 3/94 612bp.
[L24049] Em(40)_vi:SDVRNAP Gb(84)_vi:SDVRNAP Soybean dwarf virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, coat protein, genome-linked protein genes,
[X15502] Em(40)_vi:LUSDPRM Gb(84)_vi:LUSDPRM Soybean dwarf virus genomic RNA for potential promoter. 3/92 122bp. 3 sequences. Reference to nucleotide sequence Waterhouse et al. (1987).

GenBank records for nucleotide sequences; complete genome sequences.

Proteins

Proteins constitute about 70% of the particle weight.

The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins. Virions consist of 2 structural protein(s).

Structural Proteins: Reference to method of preparation: Ashby and Kyriakou (1982).

Lipids

Lipids are absent.

Antigenicity

The virus is serologically related to beet western yellows, barley yellow dwarf (strains RPV and MAV), bean leaf roll, potato leafroll and tobacco necrotic dwarf viruses. Subterranean clover red leaf virus is so closely related that it is often considered to be the same species.

Diagnostics and Reference Collections

The best tests for diagnosis are ELISA tests using monoclonal antibodies.

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.

Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms, Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae).

Severity and Occurrence of Disease

Host: Signs and symptoms persist.

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is transmitted by a vector. Virus is not transmitted by mechanical inoculation; not transmitted by contact between hosts; not transmitted by seeds.

Vector Transmission:
Virus is transmitted by arthropods, by insects of the order Hemiptera, family Aphididae; Acyrthosiphon (Aulacorthum) solani (some isolates also by Acyrthosiphon pisum). Virus is transmitted in a persistent manner; retained when the vector moults; does not replicate in the vector; not transmitted congenitally to the progeny of the vector; does not require a helper virus for vector transmission.

Experimental Hosts and Symptoms

Under experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in several families. Susceptible host species are found in the Family Amaranthaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Compositae, Geraniaceae, Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Portulacaceae, Tetragoniaceae. The following species were susceptible to experimental virus infection: Arachis hypogaea, Astragalus sinicus, Beta vulgaris, Calandrinia caulescens, Erodium moschatum, Glycine max, Gomphrena globosa, Lactuca sativa, Lens culinaris, Lupinus albus, Lupinus angustifolius, Lupinus cosentinii, Medicago hispida, Medicago polymorpha, Phaseolus vulgaris, Pisum sativum, Tetragonia tetragonioides, Trifolium dubium, Trifolium hybridum, Trifolium incarnatum, Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens, Trifolium subterraneum, Vicia articulata, Vicia faba, Vicia sativa.

Experimentally infected insusceptible Hosts: Families containing insusceptible hosts: Caryophyllaceae, Cruciferae, or Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Linaceae, Solanaceae. Species inoculated with virus that do not show signs of susceptibility: Brassica campestris ssp. napus, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Cicer arietinum, Datura stramonium, Lablab purpureus, Lathyrus odoratus, Linum usitatissimum, Lotus corniculatus, Medicago sativa, Melilotus albus, Stellaria media, Vicia villosa, Vigna angularis, Vigna radiata, Vigna unguiculata, Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis .

Diagnostic Hosts

Diagnostic host species and symptoms:

Astragalus sinicus — systemic leaf yellowing or reddening.

Glycine max — systemic puckering, rugosity and yellowing of leaves, stunting.

Trifolium incarnatum, T. subterraneum — systemic leaf reddening.

Vicia faba — systemic chlorosis and yellowing.

Maintenance and Propagation Hosts

Most commonly used maintenance and propagation host species are Glycine max, Pisum sativum.

Assay Hosts

Host: Assay hosts (for Local lesions or Whole plants):
Glycine max (W), Pisum sativum (W), Trifolium subterraneum (W).

References to host data: Tamada (1973, 1975, Johnstone et al. (1984).

Histopathology: Virus can be best detected in phloem. Virions are found in the cytoplasm and cell vacuole.

Cytopathology: Inclusions are not present in infected cells. Other cellular changes include phloem necrosis, starch accumulates in chloroplasts of epidermis and mesophyll cells.

Geographical Distribution

The virus occurs in Australia, Japan, New Zealand (Aotearoa), and the United States of America (in California).

Ecology, Epidemiology and Control

Studies reported by Ashby et al. (1979, Johnstone (1978, Tamada (1975).

List of Strains and Isolates in the Species

Soybean dwarf virus — dwarfing strain (SDV-D), soybean dwarf — leaf yellowing strain (SDV-Y).

Comments

A severe stunting disease of soybean (Glycine max), African soybean dwarf, was first noted in 1975 in Nigeria (Rossel and Thottappilly, 1983). The causal virus was transmitted in the persistent manner by Bemisia tabaci. It resembles that caused by soybean dwarf virus, which is aphid-borne. Some soybean genotypes (e.g. cvs Improved Pelican, Indo 100 and Bossier) are very resistant to the Nigerian virus (Rossel and Thottappilly, 1985).

References

Ashby, J.W. and Kyriakou, A (1982). N.Z. Jl agric. Res. 25: 607.

Ashby, J.W., Teh, P.B. and Close, R.C. (1979). N.Z. Jl agric. Res. 22: 361.

D'Arcy, C.J., Torrance, L. and Martin, R.R. (1989). Phytopathology 79: 869.

Johnstone, G.R. (1978). Aust. J. agric. Res. 29: 1003.

Johnstone, G.R., Duffus, JE, Munro, D. and Ashby, J.W. (1982). Aust. J. agric. Res. 33: 697.

Johnstone, G.R., Ashby, J.W., Gibbs, AJ., Duffus, JE, Thottappilly, G. and Fletcher, J.D. (1984). Neth. J. Pl. Path. 90: 225.

Kojima, M. and Tamada, T. (1976). Phytopath. Z. 85(3): 347.

Rathjen, J.P., Karageorgos, L.E., Habili, N., Waterhouse, P.M. and Symons, RH (1994). Virology 198: 671.

Rossel, H.W. and Thottappilly, G. (1983). I.I.T.A. Res. Briefs 3: 3.

Rossel, H.W. and Thottappilly, G. (1985). Virus Diseases of Important Food Crops in Tropical Africa. Ibadan: I.I.T.A.

Tamada, T. (1970). Ann. Phytopath. Soc. Japan 36: 266.

Tamada, T. (1973). Ann. Phytopath. Soc. Japan 39: 27.

Tamada, T. (1975). Rep. Hokkaido Pref. Agric. Exp. Stn 24.

Tamada, T. (1975). Rep. Hok. Pref. Agric. Exp. Stn 25: pp.144.

Tamada, T. and Kojima, M. (1977). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 179, 4 pp.

Tamada, T., Goto, T., Chiba, I. and Suwa, T. (1969). Ann. Phytopath. Soc. Japan 35: 282.

The following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.

PubMed References.

VIDEdB, the plant virus database developed at the Australian National University by Adrian J. Gibbs and collaborators, contains an earlier description with the number 740 by T. Tamada, 1980. Revised by G.R. Johnstone, R.R. Martin and P. Waterhouse, 1989. A description of the virus is found in DPV, a database for plant viruses developed by the Association of Applied Biologists (AAB), with the number 179.



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DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia. ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by, or using data from experts in the field of virology or members ICTV. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web from the descriptions in DELTA-format. The description has been generated automatically from DELTA files. DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia.

ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

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