DAVID Gene Report
2875319
transforming growth factor, beta 1 (camurati-engelmann disease) Related Genes Homo sapiens
SP_COMMENT
PTM:Glycosylated.,
PTM:The precursor is cleaved into mature TGF-beta-1 and LAP, which remains non-covalently linked to mature TGF-beta-1 rendering it inactive.,
disease:Defects in TGFB1 are the cause of Camurati-Engelmann disease (CED) [MIM:131300]; also known as progressive diaphyseal dysplasia 1 (DPD1). CED is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by hyperostosis and sclerosis of the diaphyses of long bones. The disease typically presents in early childhood with pain, muscular weakness and waddling gait, and in some cases other features such as exophthalmos, facial paralysis, hearing difficulties and loss of vision.,
function:Multifunctional protein that control proliferation, differentiation, and other functions in many cell types. Many cells synthesize TGFB1 and essentially all of them have specific receptors for this protein. It regulates the actions of many other growth factors and determines a positive or negative direction of their effects. It plays an important role in bone remodeling. It is a potent stimulator of osteoblastic bone formation, causing chemotaxis, proliferation and differentiation in committed osteoblasts.,
induction:Activated in vitro at pH below 3.5 and over 12.5.,
polymorphism:In post-menopausal Japanese women, the frequency of Leu-10 is higher in subjects with osteoporosis than in controls.,
similarity:Belongs to the TGF-beta family.,
subcellular location:Secreted.,
subunit:The inactive form consists of a TGFB1 homodimer non-covalently linked to a latency-associated peptide (LAP) homodimer. The inactive complex can contain a latent TGFB1-binding protein. The active form is a homodimer of mature TGFB1; disulfide-linked. Heterodimers of TGFB1/TGFB2 have been found in bone. Interacts with CD109 and DPT.,
tissue specificity:Highly expressed in bone.,
OMIM_DISEASE
Camurati-Engelmann disease ,
Cystic fibrosis lung disease, modifier of ,
REFSEQ_PROTEIN
NP_000651 ,
ENTREZ_GENE_SUMMARY
TGFB is a multifunctional peptide that controls proliferation, differentiation, and other functions in many cell types. TGFB acts synergistically with TGFA (MIM 190170) in inducing transformation. It also acts as a negative autocrine growth factor. Dysregulation of TGFB activation and signaling may result in apoptosis. Many cells synthesize TGFB and almost all of them have specific receptors for this peptide. TGFB1, TGFB2 (MIM 190220), and TGFB3 (MIM 190230) all function through the same receptor signaling systems.[supplied by OMIM],
REFSEQ_MRNA
NM_000660 ,
GENPEPT_ACCESSION
AAA36735 ,
AAH00125 ,
AAH01180 ,
AAH22242 ,
AAL27646 ,
AAP35909 ,
AAQ18641 ,
AAQ18642 ,
AAT77143 ,
AAT77144 ,
AAV71148 ,
AAX59016 ,
AAX59017 ,
AAX59018 ,
AAX59019 ,
AAX59020 ,
AAX59021 ,
AAX59022 ,
AAX59023 ,
AAX59024 ,
AAX59025 ,
AAX59026 ,
AAX59027 ,
AAX59028 ,
AAX59029 ,
ALT_SEQ ,
BAF84596 ,
CAA26580 ,
CAA29283 ,
CAF32686 ,
EAW57032 ,
EAW57033 ,
Genomic_DNA ,
JOINED ,
mRNA ,
GENE_SYMBOL
TGFB1 ,
GENE_NAME
TGF-beta-1,
Transforming growth factor beta 1,
Transforming growth factor beta 1 precursor,
Transforming growth factor beta 1 precursor (Fragment),
Transforming growth factor beta-1 precursor,
Transforming growth factor-beta 1,
Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (Fragment),
transforming growth factor, beta 1,
GENERIF_SUMMARY
downregulates expression of integrin alpha6 in lens epithelial cells; gene expression regulation ,
Association of polymorphisms with genetic susceptibility to osteoporosis ,
Association of polymorphisms of the transforming growth factor-beta1 gene with the rate of progression of HCV-induced liver fibrosis. ,
Transforming growth factor beta-1 stimulates invasivity of hepatic stellate cells by engagement of the cell-associated fibrinolytic system ,
Ectopic expression of eIF-4E in human colon cancer cells promotes the stimulation of adhesion molecules by transforming growth factorbeta ,
PAI-1 gene activation by TNF-alpha apparently is yet to be defined for the location of the response element and/or the signaling pathway, while TGF-beta is the most important cytokine for PAI-1 transcriptional activation through its 5' proximal promoter. ,
decrease in p21cip1 levels was mediated by a TGFbeta-initiated Ras-dependent, but smad-independent post-transcriptional mechanism ,
effect on renal function of polymorphism in heart transplant recipients ,
Human TGF-beta1 induces an accumulation of connexin43 in a lysosomal compartment in bovine endothelial cells. ,
TGF-beta1 is the predominant isoform in lymphoid organs and regulates autoimmunity and inflammation. Smad proteins 2,3,4,6,& 7 are involved in its signal transduction pathways. ,
The induction of apoptosis by a combined 1,25(OH)2D3 analog, EB1089 and TGF-beta1 in NCI-H929 multiple myeloma cells. ,
induction in keratinocytes after gamma irradiation ,
TGFbeta can promote DNA instability through down-regulation of Rad51 and inhibition of DNA repair. ,
Dendritic cells exposed in vitro to TGF-beta1 ameliorate experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis.TGF-beta1 promotes dendritic cell differentiation and maturation. ,
S. stercoralis patients with HTLV-I showed a high frequency of expression of TGF-beta-1, but those without HTLV-I did not. ,
decreased levels of active TGFb in HIV, and immunosuppresed patients, and in patients with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia ,
REVIEW ,
TGFbeta1-induced parathyroid hormone-related protein(PTHrP)mRNA stability might be, in part, the result of cis-acting sequences within the coding region of the PTHrP mRNA. ,
Molecular mechanism of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1-induced glutathione depletion in alveolar epithelial cells. Involvement of AP-1/ARE and Fra-1. ,
common TGF-beta1 polymorphisms are not associated with a risk of developing Dupuytren's disease. ,
TGF-beta 1 expression level can be a risk factor for alcoholic liver disease and might be related to the inflammatory activity and fibrosis of the liver in patients. ,
down-regulated UPA in normal and dystrophic myoblasts; was the only growth factor tested able to exceptionally up-regulate PAI-1, mainly in dystrophic satellite cells; and induced a dose-dependent increase of Matrigel invasion only in dystrophic myoblasts ,
results suggest the importance of alphaEbeta7 expression by TGF-beta in selective localization of intestinal intraepithelial T lymphocytes ,
no correlation between the concentration of either isoform of TGFbeta in milk and the corresponding TGFbeta in plasma ,
production by different populations of erythroid cells derived from human embryonal liver ,
Transforming growth factor-beta1 enhanced smooth muscle actin expression in TR-PCT1 cells, but this expression was reduced by subsequent treatment with basic fibroblast growth factor. ,
TGF-beta(1) expression was significantly correlated with both hepatic fibrosis and the percentage of portal tracts showing histological abnormalities associated with cystic fibrosis liver disease. ,
TGF beta 1 was able to suppress the expression of Id-1, a helix-loop-helix (HLH) protein, which plays important roles in the inhibition of cell differentiation and growth arrest. ,
TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 and TGF-beta3 isoforms are produced by chondrosarcomas and could have a potential role as autocrine growth stimulators in these neoplasms ,
results suggest that the TGF-beta1 gene at chromosome 19q13.1 may be a candidate susceptibility locus for hypertension in Japanese women ,
Signaling transduction induced by PF4 in erythroleukemia cells was compared with that induced by TGFB1, which is also a potent inhibitor of HEL growth. ,
TGF beta1 expression and angiogenesis in colorectal cancer tissue. ,
TGF-beta 1 induces apoptosis of primary cultured bronchiolar epithelial cells via caspase-3 activation and down-regulation of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21. ,
Direct stimulation of tubular epithelial cells with TGF-beta(1)/epithelial growth factor results in an increased migratory capacity across bovine tubular basement membranes preparations. ,
present in diabetic foot ulcers ,
induced in cicatricial pemphigoid ,
TGF-beta polymorphisms do not have a strong influence on disease onset or clinical progression in sarcoidosis and tuberculosis, although this polymorphism might have an effect on the immune response in a tuberculosis host ,
p38 MAP kinase regulation of AP-2 binding in TGF-beta1-stimulated chondrogenesis of human trabecular bone-derived cells ,
TGF-beta1-stimulated osteoblasts require intracellular calcium signaling for enhanced alpha5 integrin expression ,
No significant variations in the distribution of the genotypes and haplotypes were observed between Alzheimer patients and controls. ,
distribution of intracellular and extracellular expression in human testis and its association with spermatogenesis ,
HTLV-1 tax represses Smad-mediated TGF-beta signaling. ,
Transforming growth factor-beta-induced transcription of the Alzheimer beta-amyloid precursor protein gene involves interaction between the CTCF-complex and Smads ,
Angiotensin II induces its promoter activation; has a similarity to hyperglycemia. ,
TGFbeta1 regulates BGN expression and is part of a cell growth regulation pathway ,
TGF-beta1 gene are not suitable genetic markers of MVP in Taiwan Chinese. ,
TGF-beta1 has a role in activation of endothelial cell apoptosis along with TNF-alpha ,
Data suggest that SMAD3 interactions with the positive regulators NKX2.1 and HNF-3 underlie the molecular basis for TGF-beta-induced repression of surfactant protein B gene transcription. ,
Results demonstrate that TGF-beta1 stimulates matrix metalloproteinase-9 production and promoter activity in a process that depends of the activation of the Ras-ERK1,2 MAP kinase pathway. ,
Differential effects of FGF4, EGF and TGFB1 on functional development of stromal layers (progenitor cell-outputs) in acute myeloid leukemia ,
TGFB1 has a smaller role than TGFB3 in endometrial differentiation ,
activation of TGF-beta1/Smad2 signaling is associated with airway remodeling in asthma ,
TGFbeta1 regulates GM-CSF induced human myelopoiesis ,
This protein increases E. coli K1 adherence, invasion, and transcytosis in cultured human brain microvascular endothelial cells. ,
transforming growth factor-beta1 is closely related to the invasion and metastasis of colorectal cancer ,
Decrease of TGF-beta1 plasma levels and increase of nitric oxide synthase activity in leukocytes as potential biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease ,
TGF-beta1 inhibition of COL2A1 gene transcription in articular chondrocytes is mediated by an increase of the Sp3/Sp1 ratio and by the repression of Sp1 transactivating effects on that gene ,
TGF-beta1 regulates human enhancer of filamentation-1 expression ,
TGF-beta mediated G1 arrest requires P27, Kip1, in cancer cell line ,
In this study, the expression of Smad4 protein appeared to be correlated with the depth of invasion of esophageal SCC ,
Resistance to transforming growth factor-beta occurs in the presence of normal Smad activation. ,
1,25(OH)(2)D(3) treatment of Caco-2 cells results in activation of latent TGF-beta 1 facilitated by the enhanced expression of IGF-II receptor ,
TGFbeta1 stimulated epithelial-mesenchymal transition of SiHa cells, indicating a positive role in the invasive transition of tumors. ,
relationship to intragraft messenger RNA expression of angiotensinogen and to chronic allograft nephropathy in kidney transplant patients ,
expression of mRNA for IL-4, IL-5, TGF-beta1, IFN-gamma in patients with cicatricial pemphigoid ,
TGF-beta 1 in combination with IL-13 increases production of eotaxin-1 in airway fibroblasts from asthmatic and normal subjects. ,
A role for TGF-beta in estrogen and retinoid mediated regulation of the nuclear receptor coactivator AIB1 in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. ,
MKK3 activation is required for subsequent p38alpha and p38delta MAPK activation and collagen stimulation by TGF-beta1 ,
TGF-beta1 is a potent inducer of HO-1 and examined the signaling pathway by which TGF-beta1 regulates HO-1 expression in human lung epithelial cells ,
induces TGFBI in pancratic cancer cell lines and in pancreatic cancer cells in vivo ,
Substance P up-regulates the TGF-beta 1 mRNA expression of human dermal fibroblasts in vitro ,
Levels of phosphorylated Smad2/3 are sensors of the interplay between effects of retinoic acid and TGF-beta or vitamin D3 on monocytic and granulocytic differentiation of HL-60 cells. ,
HTLV1 Tax inhibits TGF-beta1 signaling by reducing the Smad3 DNA binding activity ,
children with active celiac disease have an altered expression of TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta3 in the small intestine ,
involvement of Furin gene regulation in the maturation of TGFB1 in differentiating megakaryoblastic cells ,
TGF-beta(1) might regulate the TARC-related inflammatory processes, which may be important for understanding the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. ,
the molecular mechanisms by which autocrine TGF-beta may selectively contribute to tumor cell motility ,
Polymorphism in this gene affects immunosuppression in stable kidney transplantation. ,
Codon 10 and codon 25 polymorphism affect gene expression and protein synthesis in stable renal allograft recipients. ,
The role of TGF-beta1 and -beta3 in generating a high TIFP was investigated in xenografted experimental anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) derived from the human ATC cell line ,
decreased ability to modulate Th1 response in mucosal leishmaniasis ,
LMP1 inhibits transforming growth factor-beta 1-mediated induction of MAPK/p21 in Epstein-barr virus infected gastric epithelial cell line GT38 ,
Urinary TGF-beta1 and Amadori albumin were elevated in patients with micro- or macroalbuminuria ,
Localization of TGF-beta(1) mRNA and protein within tubular epithelial cells, with its increased urinary excretion in nephrotic syndrome, suggest the activation of these cells by filtered protein towards increased TGF-beta(1) production. ,
Data demonstrate that Egr-1, AP1 and Smad are part components of the transforming growth factor beta signal transduction pathway that regulates PPAR gamma expression. ,
may contribute to a reduction of proteolytic activity of human gingival fibroblasts in Cyclosporin A-induced gingival overgrowth which favors the accumulation of extracellular matrix ,
Exposure of human skin diploid fibroblasts to repeated subcytotoxic doses of ultraviolet-B induces its mRNA overexpression ,
cigarette smoke-induced oxidative stress and TGF-beta(1) modulate expression of the cell cycle inhibitor p21(waf1/cip1) ,
TGF beta 1 signaling and stimulation of osteoadherin in human pulpal fibroblasts and in early secretory and mature odontoblasts. ,
investigated TGF-beta 1, -beta 2, and -beta 3 latency-associated peptides (LAP)expression in sound and carious human teeth ,
An examination of quantitative gene expression of this protein in the renal artery wall of chronically rejected human renal allografts. ,
mutations in the signal peptide and latency-associated peptide of TGF-beta1 facilitate TGF-beta1 signaling ,
Genetic variation at the TGF-beta 1 locus is unlikely to confer significant susceptibility to advanced diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. ,
results indicate that cervical cancer cells affect the amount and the composition of the intratumoral stroma and the tumor infiltrate by the production and secretion of transforming growth factor-beta(1) ,
transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling is modulated by endogenous sphingolipid mediators ,
TGF-beta signal transduction and mesangial cell fibrogenesis. Review. ,
the role of Smad proteins in TGF-beta1-mediated fibroblast-myofibroblast terminal differentiation ,
downregulated Notch2 expression in cultured human dental slices ,
TGF-beta1 up-regulates expression of integrins and fibronectin, an effect that is associated with autophosphorylation/activation of focal adhesion kinase. ,
Data show that high glucose alters endothelial cell growth, apoptosis, and cell cycle progression, but not apoptosis and endoreduplication, via a transforming growth factor-beta1 autocrine pathway. ,
fibroblast transcriptional programming in response to TGF-beta1 during development, oncogenesis, tissue repair, and fibrosis ,
transforming growth factor-beta1 was produced in follicular and luteal phases and stimulated cell proliferation mainly in leiomyoma cells ,
Results suggest that the destabilization of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) mRNA induced by transforming growth factor beta leads to the inhibition of antiviral activity and IFN-gamma production in interleukin-18-stimulated LNK5E6 cells ,
TGF-beta1 signaling potentiates renal tubular epithelial cell apoptosis by a Smad-independent, p38 MAP kinase-dependent mechanism. ,
Association of transforming growth factor beta-1 single nucleotide polymorphisms with radiation-induced damage to normal tissues in breast cancer patients. ,
Transforming growth factor beta overexpression is associated with advanced stage gallbladder cancer ,
TGFB1 treatment of ECV304 cells increased bacterial cell adhesion. ,
TGF-beta1 may contribute to eosinophil and mast cell migrations into nasal polyp tissue. ,
by inhibition of cell migration, increased expression of TGF-beta1 after ischemia delays recovery of proximal tubule structure and function. ,
Dysregulation of TGF-beta activation contributes to pathogenesis in Marfan syndrome. ,
TGF-beta1 expression in peritoneal fibroblasts was increased by hypoxia and/or TGF-beta1 stimulation, favoring adhesion development. ,
TGF-beta1 inhibited IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha-induced TARC production in HaCaT cells via Smad2/3. Modulation of TGF-beta/Smad signaling pathway may be beneficial for treatment of atopic dermatitis. ,
TGF-beta1 potentiates Abeta production in astrocytes and may enhance the formation of plaques burden in the brain of Alzheimer's disease patients ,
Hip, lumbar spine and wrist fracture incidence for women with the TGF-beta1 Leu/Leu genotype was not significantly different when compared with that for women with Leu/Pro genotype. ,
Pro10 allele in the TGF-beta(1) gene pathway might contribute to prevalent diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. ,
expressed in acute respiratory distress syndrome ,
The C(-1348)-T and T(29)-C polymorphisms were distributed similarly in osteoporotic patients and normal controls, however, the rare genotypes were associated with higher bone mass at the hip. ,
G2 arrest induced by TGF beta1 in the Rb-negative hepatoma cell line and compared with G1 arrest in the Rb-positive hepatoma cell line ,
Our results suggest that TGF-beta T869C (Leu 10Pro) gene polymorphism is associated with diabetic nephropathy in Chinese. ,
TGFb has a role in stimulating Sp1, which results in up-and down-regulation of UGDH ,
Distortion of autocrine transforming growth factor beta signal accelerates malignant potential by enhancing cell growth as well as PAI-1 and VEGF production in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. ,
THP-1 monocytic cells cultured in the presence of TGFB1 show decreased phagocytosis toward IgG-coated sheep red blood cells, suppressed expression of common gamma-subunit and signaling properties of FcgammaR, and downregulated MCP-1 production. ,
Transforming growth factor-beta1 produced by ovarian cancer cell line HRA stimulates attachment and invasion through an up-regulation of plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 in human peritoneal mesothelial cells. ,
may be one of the most important factors in the regulation of the [gingival inflammatory} infiltrate and in the production of tissue repair with a stimulation of fibroblasts and endothelial cells ,
role in genetic susceptibility of tuberculosis ,
TGF-beta 1 increases glucocorticoid binding and signaling in inflammatory cells through a Smad 2/3- and AP-1-mediated process. ,
TGFbeta transcriptionally regulates tristetraprolin in human T cells ,
Glucocorticoids significantly inhibited TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2 production and reduced expression of the up-regulated TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2 mRNA induced by exogenous TGF-beta1, -beta2, or -beta3 ,
TGF-beta1-controlled reduction in SDF-1 expression influences bone marrow cell migration and adhesion, which could affect the motility of cells trafficking the bone marrow. ,
Certain specific cytokine genotypes for TGF-beta1, IL-10, and TNF-alpha are not associated with chronic allograft dysfunction. Normal kidney with low TGF-beta1 genotype at codon 10 had lower TGF-beta1 mRNA. ,
TGF-beta1 may be involved in activation of cdk inhibitor p21WAF1 in gastric adenocarcinoma ,
promoter may have a small effect on the modulation of the inflammatory process during periodontitis ,
An increased concentration of wild-type GFAT in mesangial cells is enhanced both TGF-beta1 and fibronectin. ,
This is a novel mechanism of TGF-beta 1 inhibition requiring early G(1) induction and stabilization of p21 protein, which binds to and inhibits cyclin E-CDK2 and cyclin A-CDK2 kinase activity rather than direct modulation of cyclin or CDK protein levels. ,
transforming growth factor-beta signaling is regulated by protein inhibitor of activated STAT, PIASy through Smad3 ,
TGF-beta and IGF-II in the bone microenvironment coordinately amplify IGF-I bioavailability through controlled IGFBP-4 proteolysis, which may be a means to promote bone formation. ,
TGF-beta1 upregulates VDUP1 ,
gene expression profiling in epidermolysis bullosa acquisita ,
Transforming growth factor-[beta]1 polymorphism is not a factor associated with the occurrence of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament [OPLL], but related to the area of the ossified lesion. The "C" allele might be a risk factor ,
the R218C mutation increases TGFbeta1 bioactivity and enhances osteoclast formation in vitro ,
a time-dependent release of TGFB and PDGF-AB occurred at neutral and alkaline pH, but not pH5, 15 min and 12h after platelet activation, suggesting relevance to wound healing ,
Serum levels of both bFGF and TGF-beta1 were found to be significantly higher in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. ,
TGFbeta1 polymorphisms do not play a role in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis, but they may be a risk factor for genetic susceptibility to pulmonary fibrosis. ,
TGF-beta1-mediated collagen I accumulation is associated with cytoskeletal rearrangement and Rho-GTPase signaling ,
These data provide evidence for a functional role for integrin alphavbeta8-mediated activation of transforming growth factor-beta in control of human airway epithelial proliferation in vivo. ,
the antiproliferative effect of TGFbeta is decreased by epidermal growth factor in primary human ovarian cancer cells ,
After acceleration of regenerative response by HGF, subsequent elevation of TGF-beta1 synergistically controls graft size, regulating uncontrolled proliferation of hepatocytes. ,
TGF-beta1-mediated MAP kinase activation controls WNT-7A gene expression and Wnt-mediated signaling through the intracellular beta-catenin-TCF pathway ,
Neutralizing anti-TGF-beta1 antibody reversed the inhibition of keratinocyte proliferation. ,
low serum leptin, high serum TGF-beta1 and sOb-R levels, and elevated urine leptin concentrations were observed at the onset of minimal change nephrotic syndrome ,
the ligand-binding domain of GR, but not the DNA-binding domain or the N-terminal activation domain, is required for GR-mediated transrepression of TGF-beta transactivation ,
All three TGF-beta isoforms have fibrogenic effects on renal cells. TGF-beta2 and TGF-beta3 effects may be partially mediated by TGF-beta1. Blockade of all isoforms together may yield best therapeutic effect in reducing renal fibrosis. ,
Polymorphisms in TGF-beta1 influence risk for hemodialysis access failure. By inducing synthesis of extracellular matrix proteins, overproduction of TGF-beta1 may accelerate intimal hyperplasia, resulting in fistula stenosis and subsequent access failure. ,
transforming growth factor-beta signaling is inhibited by interferon gamma through direct interaction of YB-1 with Smad3 ,
Four novel polymorphisms in TGFB1 are found not associated with spinal bone mineral density in postmenopausal Korean women. ,
TGF beta1 regulates cell cycle proteins and may induce multiple independent signals to check the proliferative potential of human trophoblastic cells and allow their functional differentiation ,
a new function of TGF-beta1, which is to promote undifferentiated keratinocyte amplification ,
Genetic and immunohistochemical studies convincingly suggest a link between TGF-beta 1 and the pathogenesis of autoimmune-associated congenital heart block. ,
TGF-beta1 in cartilage is active in periods of skeletal immaturity and is closely associated with increases in chondrocyte UDPGD activity ,
signaling in keratinocytes is regulated by glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins ,
Plasma TGF-beta1 levels of thrombocytopenic neonates were significantly lower than those of healthy nonthrombocytopenic neonates but did not differ significantly from nonthrombocytopenic neonates with similar perinatal risk factors for thrombocytopenia. ,
Biological dressing effect of cultured epidermal sheets(CESs) is mediated by EGF family, TGF-beta, and VEGF. ,
In the confluent state, TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2 stimulated the cells to progress to the S-phase of the cell cycle through platelet-derived growth factor-B (PDGF-B) chain production and protein kinase C. ,
sumoylation of Smad4 was strongly enhanced by TGF-beta-induced activation of the p38 MAP kinase pathway but not the Smad pathway ,
DACH1 bound to endogenous NCoR and Smad4 in cultured cells; Smad4 was required for DACH1 repression of TGF-beta induction of Smad signaling ,
Found in renal artery of kidney allografts in chronic rejection. ,
a signal transduction cascade of the TGF-beta/Smad signaling pathway, which is activated in the GEC, appears to be involved in the development of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis ,
there is a TGF-beta1-activated pro-survival/anti-apoptotic signaling pathway in mesenchymal cells/fibroblasts ,
Mortal and early immortal stages of both cell lineages displayed growth reduction upon exposure to TGF-beta1. ,
ANG II-induced activation of latent TGF-beta1 in human mesangial cells operates via TSP-1 ,
effect of restoring the growth-inhibitory autocrine circuit in epithelial cancer cells that have retained sensitivity to growth inhibition by TGF-beta1 but which produce and secrete insufficient amounts of endogenous peptide ,
TGF-beta 1 also activates the mitochondrial pathway showing Bid-mediated loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and subsequent cytochrome c release associated with the activations of caspase-9 and the effector caspases. ,
TGF-beta1 is a negative regulator of NF-kappaB activation in the gut ,
The physical appearance of endometriotic implants and the severity of dysmenorrhea appear to be related to the expression of TGFbeta1 in nerve fibers. ,
findings suggest that the coexpression of c-erbB-2 oncogene protein, epidermal growth factor receptor, and TGF-beta1 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is related to the histopathological grades and clinical stages of tumors ,
TGF-beta acts as an endogenous, radiation-inducible radioresistance factor in esophageal carcinoma cells ,
There was increased TGF-beta 1 mRNA expression in the stenotic tissue after clinical ureteropelvic junction obstruction. Alteration of TGF-beta 1 expression may be involved in the pathogenesis of congenital hydronephrosis. ,
TGF-beta and Smad3 mediate beta-hydroxybutyrate-induced cell cycle-dependent growth inhibition in the human proximal tubule (HK-2 cell) ,
transforming growth factor-beta regulates the Kindler syndrome protein ,
transcription upregulated directly by Hepatitis C virus core protein in parenchymal cells and suggests a new paradigm for exacerbation of liver fibrosis by HCV infection ,
Stimulation of vascular endothelial cells with TGF-beta1 induced marked increase in the expression level of HAS2 mRNA and protein. ,
The above results indicate that PKB-Ser-473 and FAK-Tyr phosphorylation stimulated by TGF-beta1 are both dependent on cell adhesion. ,
The combination of high AT and TGF-beta1 producing polymorphisms is associated with advanced hepatic fibrosis in obese patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease ,
findings established the existence of a novel alternative/complementary pathway by which furin increases tumor cell invasion through an amplification/activation loop between MMP-2 and TGFbeta ,
Treatment of premyelinating aggregate rat brain cultures with recombinant human TGF-beta 1 results in greater accumulation of myelin basic proteins and FGF-2 and PDGF-AA production. ,
Endogenous TGF-beta plays an important role in the cell cycle arrest of c-kit(high) but not c-kit(low/-) cells in CD34+ CD38- cells. ,
results indicated that TGF-beta1-promoted cell adhesion and TGF-beta1-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transformation might be both responsible for TGF-beta1-enhanced cell migration ,
ability of TGF-beta1 to polarize the differentiation of HPCs induced by IL-3 towards LC development, although IL-3 DCs were unable to form BGs partly because of their poor ability to induce Langerin ,
role in urokinase up-regulation and promotion of ovarian tumor invasion ,
TGF-beta regulates IL-4 signaling by targeting NF-kappaB signaling ,
Review. the role of the anti-inflammatory cytokine transforming growth factor beta in atherosclerosis ,
expression values for TGF 1 and its receptors I, II, and III were twice as high in the group of patients with a diagnosis of high-grade lymphomas as in the group of patients diagnosed with low-grade lymphomas ,
Suppressor function of human CD4+CD25high regulatory T cells involves a TGF-beta 1-dependent mechanism. ,
TGF-beta is transcriptionally repressed by c-Ski protein in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma ,
TGF-beta(1) expression in bronchial mucosa may play a role in bronchial subepithelial fibrosis in eosinophilic bronchitis (EB) patients. ,
TGF-beta signaling is disturbed by Smad7-Smurf-mediated negative regulation in fibrotic disorders ,
We demonstrated that TGFbeta1 repressed FGF10 promoter activity in primary prostatic tissue, via a region of the promoter containing an Sp1 binding site. ,
TGF-beta has a role in radiation-induced fibrosis and is inhibited by halofuginone ,
examination of inactivation in thyroid nodules by gene expression analysis ,
TGFbeta, which is abundant in the bone matrix, directly induce mononuclear phagocyte osteoclast precursors to differentiate into osteoclastic cells capable of lacunar resorption ,
inhibitory signals induced by IL-3 on breast cancer blood vessel assembly were abrogated by the addition of the neutralizing TGF beta antibody ,
a new molecular mechanism linking with up-regulated TGF-beta1 promoter activity ,
a novel mechanism of control of TGF-beta action that may be important in fibrosis ,
TGF-beta function is abrogated in vivo by SCF(beta-TrCP1) which decreases Smad4 stability ,
TGF-beta1 is highly expressed in hairy cells and is directly involved in the pathogenesis of bone marrow reticulin fibrosis in hairy cell leukemia ,
Jab1/CSN5 as an adapter that targets Smad7 for degradation, thus releasing Smad7-mediated suppression of TGF-beta1 signaling. ,
TGFbeta and Wnt ligands have roles in regulating differentiation and cell fate determination [review] ,
a novel, functional binding element in the proximal region of the TN-C promoter mediating responsiveness to TGF-beta involving Smad3/4, Sp1, Ets1, and CBP/p300 ,
TGF-beta functions as a classic embryonic inducer, initiating a cascade that is controlled by other factors in the cellular environment. ,
polymorphisms in TGF-beta1 have a role in development of breast cancer ,
HIV infection resulted in a significant increase of plasma TGF-beta(1) concentration compared to healthy individuals (11.4 +/- 6.8 vs. 6.1 +/- 1.5 ng/mL, p < 0.01), suggestive of an immunosuppressive role in HIV pathogenesis. ,
High expression of TGF-beta1 may be involved in the incidence of lung cancer. ,
MMP3, MMP9, and TGFbeta1 are important for the modulation, composition, and maintenance of the ECM in oral squamous cell carcinoma ,
Recombinant human TGF-beta 1 signals through multiple murine intracellular signaling pathways to inhibit T cell expansion. ,
overexpression of HER2 in nontumorigenic mammary epithelial is permissive for the ability of TGF-beta to induce cell motility and Rac1 activity and HER2 and TGF-beta signaling cooperate in the induction of cellular events associated with tumor progression ,
coiled coil-induced dimerization of the ectodomains stabilize their interaction with TGF-beta as compared with the monomeric ectodomains ,
certain pathological condition-induced TGFbeta1 overexpression in the skin may synergize with or induce molecules required for the development of Th1 inflammatory skin disorders ,
TGF-beta 1 polymorphisms at positions -509, +869 (codon 10), and +915 (codon 25) do not play a dominant role in alcoholic chronic pancreatitis ,
sustained activation of p44/42 MAPK perhaps forms the stimulatory signal induced by low TGF-beta1, whereas activation of p38 forms the inhibitory pathway ,
TGF-beta1 inhibited the growth of most nontransformed cells. Many cancer cell lines were insensitive to this effect. It induced Smad2 phosphorylation in the majority of cell lines, including those resistant to TGF-beta1-mediated cell-cycle arrest. ,
The K allele of KLK1 promoter and TT genotype of TGF-beta1 may be a genetic KLK1 -130 GN and -128 G-C, and the susceptibility factor contributing to progressive renal deterioration in Taiwanese primary vesicoureteric reflux children. ,
TGF-beta and IL-2 trigger a cytokine-dependent self-perpetuating loop to sustain specific T regulatory cell suppressive activity. ,
blood TGF-beta 1 has a role in preventing progression of esophageal neoplasms ,
combined production of the immunosuppressants IL-10 and TGF-beta, as well as coexpression of TGF-beta RI and RII (required for cellular response to TGF-beta), may act to down-modulate host anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis immunity ,
increase of serum immunoglobulin A in newborns during 1 month of life was well correlated with levels of both transforming growth factor-beta1 and transforming growth factor-beta2 ,
TGF-beta1 may play a key role in liver fibrogenesis. ,
dual signaling pathways involving TGF-beta1, an antiapoptotic pathway mediated by the Smad pathway involving p21, and an apoptosis-permissive pathway mediated in part by p38 MAPK. ,
transforming growth factor-beta-mediated responses through p38alpha and Smad signaling pathways require MSK1 ,
Interleukin-7 and transforming growth factor-beta play counter-regulatory roles in protein kinase C-delta-dependent control of fibroblast collagen synthesis in pulmonary fibrosis ,
TGFB1 polymorphism may play a role in advanced stage prostate cancer. ,
Endothelial cell vessel assembly requires TGFB1 signaling transduction pathways. ,
TGF-beta1 mRNA and protein are specifically upregulated in carcinoma-associated fibroblasts ,
some SNP's are associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ,
identified as being responsible for downregulation of gap junctional intercellular communication via an increase in the level of reactive oxygen species in stromal fibroblasts ,
AGE- (advanced glycation end-products)& TGF-beta-mediated signals, by converging on STAT5 activation & p21waf expression, may regulate mesangial cell growth. ,
upregulation of MUC4 by TGF-beta is restricted to well-differentiated pancreatic cancer cells, and point out a novel mechanism for TGF-beta as a key molecule in targeting MUC4 overexpression in pancreatic adenocarcinomas. ,
results indicate a new interaction partner for the alpha(v)beta(3) integrin, the TGFbetaIIR, in which TGFbeta1-induced responses are potentiated in the presence alpha(v)beta(3) ligands ,
incubation of NK cells and LAK cells with TGF-beta1 resulted in dramatic reduction of surface NKG2D expression associated with impaired NK cytotoxicity ,
TGF-beta1 gene polymorphisms are specifically associated with heavy proteinuria and mesangial cell proliferation in Japanese patients with IgA nephropathy, although they do not confer susceptibility to this disease. ,
TGFbeta1, 2 and 3 mRNA expression correlates with the developmental growth of the prostate, and potentially effect smooth muscle distribution. ,
TGF-beta has a role in activation of the MAP kinase signaling system resulting in cell cycle progression in tumor cell lines ,
The G/C substitution at codon 25 was associated with an increased risk for prevalent vascular disease, new onset cardiac morbidity, and cardiac mortality in HD patients, and may be a genetic susceptibility factor for the development of atherosclerosis. ,
Reactive oxygen species mediate TGF-beta1-induced TIMP-3 gene expression ,
The genetic differences in codons 25 and 263 suggest that TGF-beta1 could play an important role in occurrence of clefts of the lip, alveolus, and palate, however, functional experiments will be required to confirm the mechanisms of disturbed development. ,
acyl-coenzyme A ,
part of an autocrine/paracrine system involved in the regulation of COX-2 expression in the distal pulmonary circulation ,
Patients with Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) had lower serum levels of TGF-beta1 compared with controls ,
cyclic AMP inhibits umbilical vein endothelial cell angiogenesis indued by TGFB1. ,
TGF-beta1 overexpression at early stages of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma formation provides a tumor promoting microenvironment. ,
TGF-beta1 and integrin stimuli interact prior to Smad2 and 3 phosphorylation in the cytoplasm of chondrocytic cells and regulates the expression of ECM components in chondrocytes. ,
TGF-beta1-induced pericellular collagenolysis is controlled by MT1-MMP activity, which is regulated by ERK 1/2- and p38 MAPK-modulated TIMP-2 expression ,
Differentiated macrophages play protective role in pathophysiology of gout. Macrophage TGFbeta1 is mediator of paracrine suppression during resolution phase of inflammation. ,
TGF-beta and ET-1 have roles in mechanical force generation in keratinocyte-fibroblast co-cultures, and GM-CSF induces myofibroblasts acting indirectly ,
autocrine TGF-beta regulates the cell cycle through a pathway different from exogenous TGF-beta in the sense that p21 is a more sensitive effector of the TGF-beta signaling pathway ,
heightened ERK and PKCdelta activity in high ambient glucose conditions interact with the Smad pathway, leading to enhanced responsiveness to TGF-beta1 and increased extracellular matrix production in mesangial cells. ,
TGFB1 activates cytosolic phospholipase A2alpha (cPLA2alpha)-mediated prostaglandin E2 (PGE)2/EP1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma)/Smad signaling pathways in human liver cancer cells ,
TGF-beta1 may play an important role in the process of plaque stabilization. ,
Our results indicate that TGF-beta(1) gene Arg(25)-->Pro, TNF alpha gene G-308A and IL-6 gene G-174C polymorphisms are not risk factors or markers of progression in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis ,
Polymorphic in pancreatitis. ,
HCV viral proteins interact with the TGF-beta signaling mediator Smad3 and differentially impair TGF-beta/Smad3-mediated transactivation and growth inhibition. ,
involvement of TGFbeta1 in the development of endothelial cell response to high glucose in terms of chondriotin sulfate accumulation and cell binding to hyaluronic acid. ,
Data show that the WSXW motif binds the VLAL sequence on both latency-associated peptide and mature TGF-beta, and these interactions are critical for thrombospondin-1-mediated activation of the TGF-beta latent complex. ,
critical roles for interleukin-4 and IL-12 in regulating 4-1BB effects on TGF-beta1-mediated suppression ,
An association between T29 -C polymorphisms of TGF-beta1 gene and BMD, bone turnover and fragility fractures were demonstrated in postmenopausal southern Chinese women. ,
C-509T and G-800A polymorphisms are not associated separately or in haplotype combinations with early implant failure ,
TGF-beta 1 significantly downregulated CFTR mRNA and cAMP-dependent current in nasal polyp cultures; data suggests that chronic inflammation in nasal polyposis downregulates CFTR gene and protein expression ,
Patients with renal cell carcinoma have enhanced expression of TGFB1 mRNA and protein in tumor samples and increased serum levels of TGFB1. ,
chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection T-cells are activated to transcribe IFN gamma, IL-10, and TGF beta excessively, and the latter two genes are expressed preferentially in the EBV-infected subsets ,
TGF-beta(1) stimulation of human biglycan mRNA expression relies on increased transcription of the biglycan gene, and is mediated by members of the Sp1 family of transcription factors. ,
FcepsilonRI+ on dendritic cells is finely modified by the TGF-beta1 concentration in the microenvironment and could be of primary relevance in the context of atopic diseases. ,
TGF-beta 1-stimulated CTGF expression is mediated by mechanisms involving ERK and JNK pathways and is downregulated by IL-4 and IL-13 through modulation of Smad and ERK signals. ,
may play an important role in the metastatic proclivity of selected tumor types ,
The TGFB1 T+869C (Leu10Pro) gene polymorphism is associated with multiple sclerosis susceptibility, especially in males. ,
disruption of signaling by interfering with the recruitment of CREB-binding protein into transcription initiation complexes on TGF-beta-responsive elements ,
TGF-beta is not involved in early phase growth inhibition by 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3) ,
VEGF attenuates TGF-beta action in the human endothelial cell, specifically at the level of transcription of PAI-1 gene and Smad2/3 phosphorylation ,
Bikunin neither decreased expression of TGF-beta receptors (TbetaRI and TbetaRII) in cancer cells nor altered the specific binding of 125I TGF-beta1 to the cells. ,
inhibition of transforming growth factor-beta activation is required for stimulation of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration by apolipoprotein(a) ,
Extracellular matrix ECM production can be stimulated independently by hypoxia and TGF beta 1. ,
key dependence of the fibrogenic actions of CTGF on TGF-beta in kidney ,
Blocking TGF-beta may have important hemodynamic effects that are relevant to treating diabetic nephropathy. ,
TGF-beta1 gene polymorphisms is associated with renal allograft rejection ,
Genetic variation of the TGF-beta1 gene may affect longevity; haplotype combination (G -800/C -509/C 869/C 915) was notably lower in centenarians than in younger individuals ,
TNF-alpha stimulation of PTC in the presence of BMP-7 failed to increase monocyte-dependent TGF-beta1 stimulatio ,
No significant differences were observed in the genotype distribution of the three TGF-beta1 polymorphisms between patients and controls. ,
TGF-beta1 polymorphisms are associated with end-stage renal disease, particularly in patients with associated clinical cardiovascular disease, and could be useful as genetic markers of chronic renal disease and higher cardiovascular risk. ,
induced by R5 HIV-1 infection of fetal thymic organ culture (FOTC) which in turn induced CCR5 expression ,
H-ras and TGF-beta signal pathways interact with each other in MCF10A human breast cells may provide an insight into molecular mechanisms for contribution of TGF-beta to a malignant progression of breast cancer in collaboration with activated H-ras ,
caspase-3 is crucial for the differentiation of bone marrow stromal stem cells by influencing TGF-beta/Smad2 pathway and cell cycle progression ,
negative effect of TGFbeta1 on ADAMTS-1, -5, -9, and -15 coupled with increases in their inhibitor, TIMP-3 may aid the accumulation of versican in the stromal compartment of the prostate in BPH and prostate cancer ,
the leiomyoma and myometrial smooth muscle cells molecular environment is targeted by the autocrine/paracrine action of TGF-beta ,
TGF-beta1 affects both proliferation and apoptosis of gastric cancer cells through the regulation of p15 and p21, and induces transient expression of Smad 7 as a negative feedback modulation of TGF-beta1 signal. ,
internalization is important for transforming growth factor beta1-induced Smad2 association with Smad anchor for receptor activation (SARA) and Smad2-dependent signaling in human mesangial cells ,
TGF-beta1 blocks the NF-kappaB activation and cytokine release that is stimulated by ligands for TLRs 2, 4, and 5 ,
Abeta1-42 may play an important role in the negative regulation of TGF-beta1-induced MMP-2 production via Smad7 expression ,
Daxx suppresses Smad4-mediated transcriptional activity by direct interaction with the sumoylated Smad4 and has a role in regulating transforming growth factor beta signaling ,
TGFbeta1 can induce increased expression of both SPARC and type I collagen. Specific inhibition of SPARC led to decreased expression of type I collagen and attenuated the profibrotic effect of TGFbeta1 in cultured normal human fibroblasts. ,
TGFbeta produced by keratinocytes contribute to selectively downregulate CD1d expression on intraepidermal-resident Langerhans cells ,
Langerhans cells may resist activation by human papillomavirus-like particles in normal epithelium abundant in TGF-beta, but not in situations in which TGF-beta concentrations are reduced ,
Adrenomedullin can attenuate TGF-beta1-mediated renal tubulointerstitial extracellular matrix turnover via an antagonistic mechanism of inhibitory Smad6 in TGF-beta1-elicited signaling. ,
A role for TGF-beta1 in UVB-induced premature senescence in skin fibroblasts. ,
Ca(2+) entry mode operation of the Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger is required for des-Arg(10)-kallidin- and TGF-beta1-stimulated fibrogenesis and participates in the maintenance of the myofibroblast phenotype ,
Inflammatory cytokine different from TGF-beta1 may differently orchestrate cell fate in AAT and smoking-related emphysema types. ,
the level of Smad6s can alter the level of TGF-beta and the subsequent induction of PAI-1 via a FoxD1 transcription site ,
Hepatic progenitor cells are resistant to the proliferative and apoptotic effects of TGFb1 ,
Compared to normal population, the frequencies of genotypes producing high TGF-beta1 protein were higher in IgAN patients, and patients with genotypes showed a poor renal survival rate. ,
augmented in gingival crevicular fluid of smokers with chronic periodontitis ,
TGFbeta1/Smad3 suppresses BRCA1-dependent DNA repair in response to a DNA damaging agent ,
Continuous secretion of TGFB1 by cell-mediated gene therapy maintains chondrocyte redifferentiation. ,
implicated in the deposition of excessive extracellular matrix in the vessel wall, contributing to atheromatic plaque ,
the genetic polymorphism in codon 10 of the TGF-beta1 gene may play a role in hepatocellular carcinoma development in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection. ,
results support the notion that human papillomavirus type 18 E6 protein renders cells less sensitive to the cytostatic effect of TGF-beta by lowering the intracellular amount of TIP-2/GIPC ,
examined the signal transduction pathways by which TGF-beta induces hyaluronan synthesis in normal orbital fibroblasts, orbital fibroblasts from patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy, and abdominal fibroblasts ,
a specific cross-talk between TGF-beta1 and fibronectin-binding integrin signal pathways leads to the activation of c-Src/Rac1/actin-organization, leading to changes in cell cycle regulator levels in hepatoma cells ,
it is reported in this study that TGF-beta induces binding of HTLV virions and expression of glucose transporter type 1 in primary CD4(+) T lymphocytes that remain quiescent ,
Through adenoviral gene transfer technology, we describe a novel mouse model of colitis and implicate TGF-beta1 in the pathogenesis of obstructive intestinal fibrosis. ,
Smad7-mediated inhibition of NF-kappaB activation via the induction of IkBalpha may be the central mechanism by which latent TGF-beta prevents renal inflammation. ,
TGF-beta1 polymorphism may determine the progression of joint distraction in rheumatoid arthritis patients. ,
TGF-beta signaling suppresses nuclear export of Smad4 by chromosome region maintenance 1 and targets Smad4 into the nucleus; mutations in Smad4 that affect its interaction with Smad2 or Smad3 impair nuclear accumulation of Smad4 in response to TGF-beta ,
TGF-beta1 polymorphisms are associated with fibrosis progression in Caucasians chronically infected with hepatitis C. ,
Functionally relevant genetic variants of the TGF-beta1 gene are not associated with nonalcoholic chronic pancreatitis. ,
TGF-beta 1 polymorphism may modify individual susceptibility to breast cancer in premenopausal Korean women ,
Smad7 acts to functionally inactivate RB and de-repress E2F without blocking the activation of TbetaRI and the nuclear translocation of Smad2/3, allowing TGF-beta1 to exert effects in a cancer cell that is resistant to TGF-beta1-mediated growth inhibition ,
Transforming growth factors beta (TGF-betas) are multifunctional cytokines that modulate cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis ,
Cerebral glucose utilization is reduced preferentially in transgenic mice overexpressing TGF-beta 1 and showing Alzheimer's disease-like cerebrovascular abnormalities. ,
TGF-beta 1 suppresses not only the acquisition but also expression of effector function on memory CD8 T cells and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes reactive against melanoma and can hinder the therapeutic benefits of cancer vaccination and immunotherapy. ,
TGF-beta/Smad3 signaling is required for hypoxia-mediated inhibition of adipocyte differentiation in marrow stromal cells ,
TGF-beta1 concentration may predict the development of kidney graft fibrosis. ,
TGFbeta1 transfected smooth muscle cells conditional medium produced significantly more endothelial colonies (P<0.05). The adhesion force between endothelial progenitor cells and smooth muscle cells in TGFbeta1 group was higher than control. ,
The activation of c-Src by TGF-beta1 is EGFR dependent and is required for full Akt phosphorylation and cell survival ,
Findings suggest that the TGF-beta1 gene polymorphism does not predispose to the development of refractory anemia, but may affect disease progression. ,
Recombinant human TGF-beta 1 inhibits priming phase IFN-gamma expression in part through inhibition of Stat4 expression, but inhibits Th1 effector phase IFN-gamma expression through inhibition of T-bet expression. ,
TGF-beta1 gene therapy blocks islet destructive autoimmunity, facilitates islet regeneration, and cures diabetes in diabetic NOD mice. ,
Tsc-22 modulates the TGF-beta-dependant signaling pathway ,
Might play significant role in physiology of trabecular meshwork and contribute to pathological changes of this tissue in certain forms of glaucoma. ,
Human TGF-beta2 but not human TGF-beta1, or -beta3 promotes cardiac myocyte differentiation from mouse ES cells. ,
Insensitivity to TGF-beta in some prostate cancer cells is due to promoter methylation in TbetaRs ,
TGF-beta1 inhibits hepatocyte growth factor (HGF/SF) levels in external auditory canal cholesteatoma (EACC) epithelial cells ,
TGF-beta 1 could make a difference regarding prognosis and prediction in breast cancer patients if it were evaluated in relation to the status of the tumor markers estrogen receptor and epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) ,
Blood levels increased in acute viral hepatatitis, shich may be connected with the degree of hepatocyte damage. ,
expression and the activity of TGF beta1 signalling components in B cell lymphoma cell lines (e.g. HT 58 cells) and in isolated human peripheral mononuclear cells from healthy individual's and B-CLL patient's blood ,
Repression of fgf8 might be directly or indirectly involved in this transcriptional control by TGF-beta. ,
in a model system, TGF beta-1 released from activated platelets contributes to the hemostatic imbalance at the sinusoidal endothelium in patients with hepatic VOD by increase of endothelial cell PAI-1 production and TF expression. ,
results of this study indicate that IFN-gamma may contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes, based on a combination of molecular and immunological observations ,
Significant differences between chronic kidney failure(CKF) and controls in allele frequencies of two SNPs, Leu10Pro and C-509T and in haplotype distributions, indicating association with susceptibility to CKF. ,
TGF-beta1 low-production genotypes were associated with an increased odds of disease relapse in breast cancer ,
AIP4 restricts transforming growth factor-beta signaling through a ubiquitination-independent mechanism ,
HHT is an angiogenic disorder characterized by an over-expression of VEGF, TGF-beta1 and ALK1 ,
No differnce in haplotype distribution were detected for whites and African Americans for preterm birth and SGA. ,
In this cohort of young healthy Caucasian females, the T allele at position -509 of TGF beta-1 is associated with greater bone mass as measured by calcaneal ultrasound. ,
TFG-beta is an inducer of gremlin expression in diabetic nephropathy. ,
These results demonstrate for a functional role for TGF-beta ligands in regulation of mammalian Mixl1, identify FoxH1 as an essential co-activator, and implicate Nodal as the embryonic regulator of Mixl1 in mesendoderm morphogenesis. ,
TGFbeta-1 is a major immunomodulatory component of poststorage leukocyte-depleted blood transfusions. ,
Hypoxia-induced tumor cell tolerance to glucose starvation is caused by hypoxia-induced TGF-beta1 through AMP-activated protein kinase-alpha activation and the Akt/ARK5 system. ,
TGF-beta1 enhances mineralization on implant materials of osteoblast cultures from elderly human subjects ,
results show that TGFbeta could induce tumoral progression in bladder carcinoma using a paracrine loop, confirming a role for the microenvironment ,
Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) plays a critical role in promoting extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and fibrosis. ,
the signaling network involving Smad-dependent TGFbeta, PKCdelta, and integrin alpha2beta1/alpha3beta1, regulates cell spreading, motility, and invasion of the SNU16mAd gastric carcinoma cell variant ,
May function as an effect modifier of APOE4 risk; plays a role in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis ,
TGF-beta1 expression is related to tumor growth and metastasis in pancreatic adenocarcioma ,
TGF-beta1/bFGF and ET-1 have different roles in graft fibrosis in heart failure patients ,
TGF-beta and pro-inflammatory cytokines regulate MEL4B3, a novel mRNA induced in skin tumors ,
TGF-beta1 dose-dependently repressed Sftpb promoter activity in vitro, and a novel TGF-beta-responsive region in the Sftpb promoter was identified. ,
Folic acid deficiency could result in reduction of TGF-beta1 protein levels and might contribute to formation of defects in the skull bone as observed in mengingocele patients ,
TGF-beta 1 is involved in the suppressive activity of Leishmania guyanensis-stimulated CD4+ CD25+ T cells from healthy controls ,
During tuberculosis, predisposition of CD4 T-cell subsets to apoptosis may involve both low expression of Bcl-2 and excessive expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta. ,
TGF-beta-induced cell cycle arrest and migration, but not epithelial-mesenchymal transition, are abolished after silencing of Smad4. ,
Significantly higher expression of TGFbeta1 and bFGF, although lower expression of core protein on the concave side, suggesting possible etiological factor or secondary change in development of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. ,
Association of endometriosis with TGF-B 1-509 gene polymorphism exists. T homozygote and T allele for TGF-B1 are associated with higher susceptibility to endometriosis. ,
Smad4, but not Smad2, mediates TGF-beta1-induced MMP-2 expression in invasive extravillous trophoblasts ,
TGFB1 regulates a wide variety of biological responses through transcriptional regulation of target genes. Disruption of ELF-1 results in the loss of the Smad4 activation and, therefore, a disruption of the TGF-beta pathway. ,
Data show that leukotriene C4 stimulates airway epithelial cells through a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation mechanism to produce transforming growth factor beta1, which results in fibroblast proliferation. ,
Data show that endothelial cells express CD222 and CD87 in a membrane complex and demonstrate that the association of these two receptors is essential for the release of active TGF-beta. ,
A C to T base change in TGFbeta1 SNP C-509T is associated with a higher risk of allergy. ,
Angiogenesis in keloids is promoted by endogenous TGF-beta1 and VEGF. ,
This study indicates an autocrine mechanism to maintain homeostasis in vivo for fibroblasts and other cell types, which produce TGF-beta1 to limit the fibrogenic response to TGF-beta1 and Bleomycin. ,
This work presents in vivo and in vitro evidences of activation of TGF-beta1 expression by androgen and AR, and implicates the modulation of hepatocarcinogenesis by AR through the regulation of TGF-beta1 expression. ,
Genetic variation in the 5' end of TGFbeta1 or a nearby upstream region modifies disease severity in cystic fibrosis. ,
TGF-beta signaling transduction in the kidney can be revealed by gene expression data mining. ,
TGF-beta 1 may promote endometrial tissue repair through the inhibition of the proliferation, expansion, and migration of endometrial stromal cells, and through stimulation of contraction of the collagen gel matrix by these cells. ,
The TGFbeta(1)-induced destabilisation of E-cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion involves phosphorylation of beta-catenin, which is regulated by E-cadherin adhesion complex-associated PI3-kinase and PTEN. ,
The reciprocal modulating effects of FGF2 and TGFbeta1 on each other's receptors make the GM-490 cell line a new model for investigating the relationship between these growth factors and their receptors in autocrine loops. ,
stimulates transcriptional activity of LTBP-3 promoter ,
PU.1 and Id2 modulate lineage options of langerhans cell precursors, downstream of TGF-beta1. ,
TGFbeta stimulates transformation in the proepicardium. ,
STRAP acts as an intermediate signaling molecule linking between the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/PDK1 and the TGF-beta signaling pathways ,
Distinct roles for Smad2 and Smad3 in TGFbeta1-induced CTGF expression and markers of EMT in human PTECs are reported. ,
The release of TGF-beta1 in morbid obesity was primarily by the nonfat cells of human adipose tissue because release by adipocytes was less than 10% of that by the nonfat cells of adipose tissue. ,
integrin-mediated TGFbeta activation is likely to play important roles in tumor growth and metastasis [review] ,
Transforming growth factor-beta stimulates epithelial-mesenchymal transformation and smooth muscle differentiation of epicardial cells. ,
Hyaline cartilage regeneration was studied using chondrocytes and TGFB1-producing chondrocytes. ,
TGF-beta is involved in the physiological loss of gastric epithelial cells by activating apoptosis mediated by Smad7, Bim, and caspase-9 ,
Increased glomerular expression of thrombospondin-1 (THBS1), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFB1), and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), occurs from the earliest stage of diabetic nephropathy. ,
role in persistent fungal pneumonia whereby it contributes to the local control of infection by enhancing macrophage antifungal efficacy through increased lysozyme secretion ,
A compartison of TGFB/Smad signaling was made between normal dermal fibroblasts and fibroblasts derived from central and peripheral areas of keloid lesions. ,
Laminin-5 and TGF-beta1 cooperatively induce epithelial to mesenchymal transition in hepatocellular carcinoma ,
Tenascin-C and TGF-beta1 were expressed in the majority of high-grade gliomas. Induction of Tenascin-C by TGF-beta1 may be a possibe mechanism for invasion of high-grade gliomas. ,
TGF-beta1 in post-transurethral bladder tumor resection urine alters the expression of multiple genes in human transitional cell carcinoma in vitro ,
Decreased activity of TGFbeta in patients with acute coronary syndromes is at least partly due altered transcriptional activity of genes encoding TGFbeta. ,
TGFbeta and interleukin-6 might play pivotal but opposing roles in the host tumor interaction ,
Contraction induced by different factors, therefore, may be differentially associated with apoptosis, which may be related to the persistence or resolution of the fibroblasts that accumulate following injury. ,
TGF-beta1 production and fibrosis require IL-13 signaling through the IL-13alpha2 receptor ,
involvement of TGFbeta1 through the Smad proteins in fibrotic diseases ,
signalling pathways induced by ET-1 and TGF-beta1 leading to augmented collagen I production by fibroblasts converge on a similar signalling pathway. Thereby, long-time stimulation by ET-1 resulted in a changed ET-receptor subtype ratio ,
Our correlative study suggests a role of TGF-beta-1 in early interstitial fibrotic changes in acutely rejected renal allografts, and we hypothesize that endothelin-1 and myofibroblasts pathways may play an important role in this process. ,
transforming growth factor-beta1 overexpression and alteration in E-cadherin/beta-catenin complexes in bladder urothelium might play a crucial role in urinary bladder carcinogenesis in humans exposed to long-term low-dose ionizing radiation ,
TGFB1 possesses a highly polymorphic, extensive regulatory region that likely impacts the pathogenesis of numerous TGF-beta1 related diseases. ,
The overall effects of TGF-beta1 in the kidney seem to be negative that increased expression of TGF-beta1 promotes interstitial fibrosis and vasculopathy associated with chronic allograft nephropathy. ,
TGF-beta1 mRNA levels distinguish chronic allograft nephropathy patients from long-term transplant patients with stable renal function and varied levels of proteinuria. ,
TGF-beta1 may function as a regulatory factor in fetal allograft survival during pregnancy. ,
TGF-beta1 gene polymorphism may affect the disease progression in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome ,
TGF-beta1 acts on adjacent stromal cells to turn on Smad signalling that could lead to stromal decidualization. ,
HCV NS5A modulates TGF-beta signaling through interaction with TbetaR-I ,
the PI3-K pathway negatively regulates TGF-beta/Smad signaling in neuroblastoma cells ,
These observations, together with the finding that CILP protein binds and inhibits TGF-beta1, suggest that CILP and TGF-beta1 may form a functional feedback loop that controls chondrocyte metabolism. ,
TGF-beta1 increases in vitro airway wound repair via MMP-2 upregulation in respiratory epithelial wound repair. ,
SRC-1 and GRIP-1, act as both corepressors of the glucocorticoid repression of PAI-1 gene transcription, and coactivators of TGFbeta-induced activation of the PAI-1 promoter. ,
Enteric glial cell effects on Caco-2 cell density are significantly reduced by a neutralizing TGF-beta antibody. ,
While high levels of TGF-beta appeared to be associated with protection against periportal fibrosis during chronic schistosomiasis mansoni, the strength of the association was low. ,
TGF-beta1 production was stimulated in Group A Streptococcus infected primary human tonsil fibroblasts. ,
Administration of losartan, but not amlodipine, to hypertensive patients improves structural abnormalities and prevents the production of CTGF and TGF-beta in small arteries. ,
GDF15exerts cardioprotective effects whereas TGF-ss1 does the opposite. ,
positive (transforming growth factor beta1) and negative (cigarette smoking extract) regulators appear to influence the USF-E-box interaction and affect P4Halpha(I) expression ,
Elevated glucose concentrations increased TSP-1 synthesis, which was associated with reduced cell proliferation, increased TGF-beta1 bioactivity, and stimulation of FN synthesis ,
We propose that one of the mechanisms involved in TIMP-1 downregulation may be through TGF-signaling in chronic immune activation. These studies show a novel extracellular regulatory loop in astrocyte-TIMP-1 regulation. ,
TGF-beta1 polymorphisms and their haplotypes is associated with adenocarcinoma and small cell carcinoma of the lung ,
TGF-beta is involved in neointimal formation in renal transplants during chronic rejection. ,
Blood levels are usesful in the prognosis of antiviral treatment of chronic hepatitis C. ,
TGF-beta1 signaling regulates IL-8 expression in prostate cancer cells and may contribute to the overexpression of IL-8 in human prostate cancer ,
new mode of cooperation between the TGF-beta and Wnt signaling pathways suggests a potentially important role for this distinct signaling pathway in the control of self-renewal and differentiation of a specific type of MSCs ,
Deviation in CD105/TGF-beta ligand complexes suggest that angiogenesis mediated by this complex is not a feature of pancreatitis. ,
The present review summarises the actual knowledge on the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrogenesis, the role of TGF-beta and its signalling pathways in promoting the fibrogenic response, and the therapeutic modalities. ,
Our results suggest that TGF-beta signalling and subsequent expression of fibrogenesis related proteins in Dupuytren's disease is abrogated by NAC thus providing a basis for a therapeutic strategy in Dupuytren's disease and fibroproliferative disorders. ,
The increase in the PDGF/TGF-beta ratio during uterine leiomyoma growth seems be important in tumour biology ,
TGF-beta1 expression in leiomyomas and myometrium is inversely correlating with relative expression levels of CCN2, fibulin-1C and S100A4. ,
In conclusion, EC death induced by high shear stress and VEGFR blockade leads to the production of factors, in particular TGF-beta1, that activate VSMC proliferation. ,
studies demonstrate a novel role for IL-1alpha in mediating a proliferative response to TGF-beta signaling ,
analysis of inhibin and transforming growth factor beta-binding sites on betaglycan ,
tumor-derived TGFbeta-1 induces immunosuppression within sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) before the movement of tumor cells into the SLNs, thereby facilitating metastasis within those nodes ,
c-Fos binding at the TGFbeta1 promoter proximal AP-1 site in human colon carcinoma cells is required for TGFbeta1 production by the tumor cells. ,
PDGF-BB and TGF-beta1 binding to intact alpha2M is specific, involving a defined region of the alpha2M subunit ,
In systemic lupus erythematosus, TGF-beta1 activation was linked with increased lymphocyte apoptosis, irreversible organ damage, and disease duration. ,
TGF-beta1 decreased ADAMTS-1 mRNA and protein levels in decidual stromal cell cultures in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. ,
upregulated expression of alphavbeta5 contributes to autocrine TGF-beta signaling in localized scleroderma fibroblasts ,
Our findings collectively suggest that non-classical secretion of Prx-I is induced by TGF-beta1, which is constitutively activated by furin in A549 cells. ,
While a weak subepithelial proliferation occurs in stent-related stenoses, the dominant factor in late stages of untreated tracheal stenoses seems to be the high-level expression of TGF-beta1 and the deposition of extracellular matrix. ,
Neutrophil derived elastase (NE) upregulates TGF-beta1 gene expression and release via My88/IRAK/NF-kappaB pathway, possibly through activation of TLR4, and shed light on a potential role of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of asthma. ,
analysis of how the TGFbeta signal is disrupted in cancer [review] ,
EGR-1 is induced by transforming growth factor-beta and mediates stimulation of collagen gene expression ,
An association between the TGF-beta1 genetic profile and the development of PVR (proliferative vitreoretinopathy) was detected in this study. ,
'large' molecular weight molecules, the most important of which appears to be TGFbeta(1), make a significant contribution to immunosuppression by human seminal plasma ,
Gene expression alterations indicate a sophisticated regulation of counteracting tumor necrosis factor-alpha and transforming growth factor-beta cytokine expression in peripheral blood leukocytes after acute myocardial infarction ,
immunomodulatory pathways in the kidney are specifically dependent on TGF-beta(1) ,
proliferation of Th1 clones are inhibited by TGF-beta1, whereas Th2 cells are not; the sensitivity of individual Th1 clones to TGF-beta1 is linked to the level of activation achieved in culture ,
Allele T at codon 10 (risk ratio, 6.7; P = 0.02) and an episode of acute rejection before protocol biopsy (risk ratio, 6.2; P = 0.01) were independent predictors of subclinical rejection. ,
levels of TGFbeta-1 and TGFbeta R-2 were increased in the intimal matrices, smooth muscle cells, and macrophages, as well as in endothelial cells of atherosclerotic aorta ,
Expression is significantly associated with Peyronie's disease and may be a direct cause for its development. ,
role of TGF-beta signaling in positively regulating host defense response by tightly controlling the expression level of TLR2 during bacterial infections ,
TGFbeta suppresses TERT by Smad3 interactions with c-Myc and the hTERT gene ,
TGF-beta1 plays a role in the progression of IgA nephropathy. ,
Interleukin (IL)-13 and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta(1)) are frequently coexpressed in these responses and are believed to play important roles in the pathogenesis of Th2-induced pathologies. ,
CC homozygote may be at a higher risk of developing high myopia. Varied expression of this gene may contribute to the genetic predisposition to high myopia in Chinese Taiwanese. ,
TGFbeta acts on hypoxia-inducible transcription factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) accumulation and activity by increasing HIF-1alpha protein stability ,
TGF-beta1 regulates COX-2 expression in human mesangial cells through the activation of ERK1/2, p38 MAPK, and PI3K ,
VEGF, FGF2, TGFB1, EGF and IGF1 have roles in the development of both prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia ,
These findings suggest that the TGF-beta1 (+915C) polymorphic allele might be associated with chronic periodontitis in the Turkish population. ,
a novel mutation was found to result in the inhibition of translocation of Smad3 protein to the nucleus and a reduction in the activity of Smad3 during TGF-beta-induced transcriptional activation ,
In summary, results suggest that an autocrine loop of TGF-beta confers resistance to apoptosis after an EMT process in hepatocytes, through the increase in the expression of EGFR ligands. ,
overexpression of VEGF, its receptors flt-1, KDR/flk-1 and TGF-beta interaction may play an important role in the ovarian cancer biology, with potential effects on tumor growth and angiogenesis ,
These studies demonstrate that induction of fibulin 5 gene expression in lung fibroblasts is mediated via canonical TGF-beta/Smad signaling and requires the PI3-kinase/Akt pathway. ,
in tumor cells becoming resistant to TGF-beta1-mediated growth inhibition, increased induction of the remaining TGF-beta1 pathways by interaction with other antiproliferative molecules, such as 4-hydroxynonenal, could help in inhibiting tumor growth ,
These results suggest that RACK1 modulates transcription of alpha2(I) collagen by TGF-beta1 through interference with Smad3 binding to the gene promoter. ,
TGFbeta1 is significantly elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid in HIV-1 infected patients. ,
These findings elucidate the function and complex regulation of integrin-mediated activation of TGF-beta within the epithelial-mesenchymal trophic unit (EMTU). ,
TGFB expression is not affected by hyperhomocysteinaemia either in normal or in high glucose in fibroblasts. ,
These preliminary data suggest that the TGF genetic variability may be important in the risk of vascular related dementia. ,
TGF-beta1 mediates a physiologically relevant regulatory mechanism, selective for memory T cells present in the tumor microenvironment and nonmalignant chronic inflammatory tissues ,
TGF-beta1 overexpression is associated with advanced stage of esophageal adenocarcinoma and implies a negative impact on survival ,
High serum TGF-beta1 levels may be associated with an increased risk of death from pancreatic cancer. ,
Transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF) seems to be an important stabilizing factor and prevents plaque rupture through the decrease of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). ,
Altered expression of several genes is responsible for disrupted TGF-beta signaling in ovarian cancer and may be useful as new and novel therapeutic targets for ovarian cancer. ,
increased toxic interactions by TGF-beta1 plus CYP2E1 can occur by a mechanism involving increased production of intracellular ROS and depletion of GSH, resulting in mitochondrial membrane damage and loss of membrane potential, followed by apoptosis ,
This study demonstrates a direct interaction of the IGF and TGF-beta systems in human renal carcinoma cells. The observations that IGF-I enhances the TGF-beta signaling and that TGF-beta promotes IGFBP-3 production ,
TGFB1 T+869C gene polymorphism is involved in the susceptibility to duodenal ulcer. ,
Synthesis of TGFbeta-1 and type I TGFbeta-receptor increases over time in recipients developing chronic allograft nephropathy. ,
analysis of the mechanism through which results showed that Human Papillomavirus-16 E6 and E7 increased TGF-beta1 promoter activity in cervical tumor cells ,
supernatants from HPV-transformed cell cultures contained IL-10 and TGF- beta1. ,
NPN is a novel member of the SLRP family that may play important roles in kidney development and pathophysiology by functioning as an endogenous inhibitor of TGF-beta signaling ,
Korean subjects carrying the Leu/Leu and Pro10Leu sequence variants in and around the promoter and exons of TGFB1 are susceptible to both ischemic stroke and vascular dementia. ,
The mRNA expressions of TGFbeta1 in hMSCs increased with the length of cell culture. ,
In proximal tubular epithelial cells, TGF-beta1 autoinduction requires the coordinated action of independently regulated Smad and non-Smad pathways. ,
Study demonstrates elevated TGF-beta1 levels in women with prior history of gestational diabetes mellitus. ,
TGF-beta1 induced morphologic and molecular expression changes suggestive of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in a Barrett's adenocarcinoma cell line. These were reversible by BMP7. ,
TGF-beta "cross-links" the HER2/Vav2/Rac1/Pak1/actin/actinin complex at cell lamellipodia, prolonging Rac1 activation and increasing cell survival and metastasis. ,
aberration of the TGF-beta pathway promotes carcinogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma ,
MCP-1 functions as a chemoattractant to stimulate migration of VSMCs and mesenchymal cells toward ECs ,
signaling is enhanced by dephosphorylation of linker regions of Smad2 and Smad3 ,
The fibrotic action exerted by TGF-beta1 in the lung is mediated by MAPK activation and by an increased synthesis of the profibrogenic cytokines IL-6 and IL-11; all these effects are prevented by corticosteroids via inhibition of MAPK phosphorylation. ,
In cystic fibrosis, both extremes, highest or lowest TGF-beta 1 production, were associated with impaired lung function ,
TGF-beta1 stimulates the Gene expression profiles of LX-2 cells in the presence and the absence of rhDecorin. ,
TGF-beta1 activates IL-6 production, and the functional interaction between TGF-beta1 and IL-6 contributes to intrahepatic cholan-giocarcinoma (ICC) cell growth by TGF-beta1. ,
Results reveal potential new signaling pathways and several new genes affected by TGFbeta in epithelial cell differentiation. ,
SHP is a novel co-regulator of Smad3 that regulates TGF-beta signaling ,
uterine natural killer cell responses to microbial pathogens in the endometrium are regulated by the amount of biologically active TGF-beta present within the human endometrium ,
TGFbeta1 inhibited the appearance of cell death-inducing DFF-like effector A (CIDE-A) in 2-D gels with Helix pomatia agglutinin-precipitated proteins ,
cross-talk between TGF-beta1 and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor(VEGF) signaling converts VEGF/flk-1-activated p38(MAPK) into a proapoptotic signal ,
Polymorphisms of TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, TGF-beta1, IL-10 and IL-6 do not appear to influence the onset of broncholitis obliterans syndrome or graft survival in recipients. ,
Variants in genes for TGF-beta1 (Leu10>Pro and Arg25>Pro)are not associated with low BMD in postmenopausal Czech Caucasian females. ,
These results suggest a central role for KLF11 in TGFbeta-induced c-myc repression and antiproliferation. ,
This review emphasizes the unique ability of TGF-beta to direct CD4+ T-cell lineage commitment to both proinflammatory T helper 17 (Th17) cells and anti-inflammatory T regulatory cells. ,
This preliminary study is the first to suggest that the TGF-beta1 signal sequence (29T-->C) and IL-6 promoter (-597G-->A)|(-572G-->C) transitions are predictive for the time to onset of aseptic instability after total hip arthroplasty ,
different patterns of infiltration in desmoid and fibroma tumours are due to changes in extracellular matrix (ECM) components and cell-ECM interactions which can be ascribed to altered TGFbeta(1) mRNA expression and TGFbeta(1) activity ,
mutations of the amino-acid residues, D55 and E142 of TbetaR-II, resulted in loss of TGF-beta binding and downstream signaling activity ,
TGFbeta expression is induced by rhinovirus infection in respiratory epithelial cells ,
The mRNA levels of TGF-beta1 were significantly produced by the megakaryocytes may be associated with the etiology of bone marrow fibrosis in AMM. ,
Tsg functions as an agonist synergizing with TGF-beta to inhibit T-cell activation. ,
The variant alleles of the promoter polymorphisms, TGFB1 C-509T and TGFBR2 G-875A, were associated with a significantly decreased risk of gastric cancer. ,
An inhibition of brain pericyte-derived TGF-beta1 contributes to the occurrence of CsA-induced dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier. ,
These results also indicate that the CSF level assay of TGF-beta1, TbetaR-II and LRG is useful for the diagnosis of patients with INPH, and TGF-beta1, TbetaR-II and LRG may be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. ,
We found a highly significant association between TGF-beta polymorphisms and calcineurin inhibitors induced end-stage renal failure after heart transplantation. ,
Epac1 inhibits TGFbeta-dependent regulation of cell migration and adhesion through TbetaRI ,
Plasma concentrations of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TGF-beta1 significantly differed between the various histopathological types of primary glomerulonephritis. ,
TGF-beta1 (codon 25) single-nucleotide polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to chronic periodontitis in the population studied. ,
Disruption of the TGF-beta 1-Smad signaling pathway may lead to the resistance of TGF-beta 1 growth-inhibitory effect on oral squamous cell carcinoma. ,
calcineurin-induced reduction of Treg or TGF-beta expression predisposes nontransplanted tissue to inflammation, but indicate that combined immunosuppression hampers Treg development in the intestine. ,
findings show that RTK/Ras/MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) activity induces p53 N-terminal phosphorylation, enabling the interaction of p53 with the TGF-beta-activated Smads; this mechanism promotes TGF-beta cytostasis in human cells ,
fibrillin-1, which forms extracellular microfibrils, can regulate the bioavailability of transforming growth factor (TGF) beta1, a powerful cytokine that modulates cell survival and phenotype ,
These results suggest that the +869C allele, responsible for a Leu-->Pro substitution in the signal peptide sequence of the TGF-beta1 protein, may have a predisposing role in the development of colorectal cancer. ,
TGF-beta induces p65 acetylation to enhance bacteria-induced NF-kappaB activation. ,
Both vitreous and TGF-beta signals increased HO-1 expression in retinal pigment epithelial cells via reactive oxygen species. ,
Our study suggests a role of transforming growth factor beta-1 in interstitial fibrotic changes in renal AA and AL amyloidosis. ,
results provide evidence that, at low concentrations, TGF-beta-1 promotes matrix metalloproteinase dependent branching tubulogenesis by mammary epithelial cells in vitro, and suggest that it plays a similar role during mammary gland development in vivo ,
TGF-beta signaling regulates gut epithelial gene expression by targeting GATA4. ,
High TGFbeta is associated with glioma ,
up-regulates nerve growth factor in human dental pulp cells ,
The results indicate that Langerhans cells depend on soluble factors for the maintenance of the differentiated state within epidermis and that TGF-beta1 is a major one of such factors ,
the direct interaction of NM23-H1 and STRAP is important for the regulation of TGF-beta-dependent biological activity as well as NM23-H1 activity ,
common variants in TGFB1 gene do not strongly influence genetic susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy in an Irish Caucasian population ,
TGF-beta1, together with Notch signaling, functions to arrest epithelial growth. ,
PDK1 negatively regulates TGF-beta-mediated signaling in a PDK1 kinase-dependent manner via a direct physical interaction with Smad proteins, and Smad proteins can act as potential positive regulators of PDK1 ,
Transforming growth factor-beta1 may be a factor in inducing the expression of c-fms in cervical cancer cells. ,
This largest study to date of genetic variation in TGFB1 and asthma and atopy adds to increasing evidence for a role in these disorders. ,
The polymorphism of TGF-beta1 may at least partially explain the genetic predisposition to an aggressive course of the disease with the development of terminal stage. ,
No correlation between disease activity and increased salivary TGF-beta 1 concentration is shown in twenty-eight patients with confirmed diagnosis of Crohn's disease. ,
Persons with osteoporosis have an increased oxidative stress that is not accompanied by changes in TGF-beta 1 levels. ,
Early and sustained increases in matrix stiffness occurred in response to rhTGF-ss1, which could be increased by IL-1beta. It stimulated expression of alpha-SMA, collagens I & III, and CTGF. ,
These data suggest that EGF may be an attractive alternative to TGF-beta1 for engineering fibrin-based connective tissue substitutes with adequate strength and minimal tissue contractility. ,
These results suggest that TGFbeta1-induced FN production in HKC cells is p38 MAP kinase dependent and Smad independent. Targeting p38 MAP kinase may be of therapeutic value in renal fibrosis. ,
These data suggest autocrine TGF-beta1 antagonizes BMP signaling through modulation of inducible Smad6 and the activity of BMP specific Smad1/5. ,
analysis of cross-talk between the transforming growth factor-beta and interleukin-1 signaling pathways ,
TGFbeta promotes conversion of CD16+ peripheral blood NK cells into CD16- NK cells with similarities to decidual NK cells. ,
TGF-beta1 modified ADP-induced tyrosine phosphorylationof 64-, 80- & 125-kDa proteins depending on incubation time. The modulating effect of TGF-beta1 on platelet aggregation may play a role in pathological states and vascular injury. ,
No association could be found between transforming growth factor-beta1-509 (C/T) promoter gene polymorphism and patients with ulcerative colitis. ,
TGF-beta1 polymorphisms, and their haplotypes are significantly associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma ,
Nox4 influences the pathobiochemistry of asthma by generating reactive oxygen species that promote TGF-beta1-induced proliferation and hypertrophy of human airway smooth muscle ,
Surface expression of TGF-beta on DCs in association with LAP is one of the mechanisms by which immature DCs limit T cell activation and thus prevent autoimmune responses. ,
findings indicate the Leu10Pro & C-509T polymorphisms may be involved in modulation of expression of TGF-beta1; predisposition to peptic ulcer disease could be linked to particular alleles of this gene ,
Suppression of hepatitis C virus-specific interferon-gamma-producing peripheral T cells seemed to be primarily mediated by TGF-beta 1, in the setting of HIV coinfection. ,
Real-Time-PCR showed that TGFbeta1 expression is auto-inductive, whereas FGF2 is auto-repressive. FGF2 also induced TGFbeta1 secretion in the absence of increased TGFbeta1 mRNA expression. ,
autocrine TGFbeta signaling can enhance the survival of MCF-7 cells by maintaining the level of active Erk high and the level of active p38 low. ,
WNK1 is a dual modulator of TGFbeta-Smad signaling pathways ,
Sequence variants of the TGF-beta1 gene were not associated significantly with high myopia. ,
Although ulcerative colitis patients have abnormal amounts of salivary TGF-beta1 and nitric oxide, their disease activity cannot be predicted by these factors, which may indicate their pathophysiologic roles. ,
The aim of this study was to examine the role of TGFbeta in an in vitro model of islet morphogenetic plasticity ,
transforming growth factor 1beta1-stimulated JC virus multiplication is blocked by MEK1/2 inhibitors ,
Implication of anticancer therapy-induced TGF-beta as a pro-metastatic signal in tumor cells provides a rationale for the simultaneous use of these therapies in combination with TGF-beta inhibitors. ,
High-producing genotype of TGF-beta may be beneficial and may play a potential role in the resolution of renal inflammation. ,
Interactions of downstream signaling induced by IL-13 in concert with transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta 1 increase Smad activation to regulate tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 expression in primary airway fibroblasts. ,
we demonstrated that TGFbeta-1 enhanced cytotoxic (proapoptotic) action of doxorubicin towards cultured human lung carcinoma A549 cells. ,
High expression of TGF-beta1 in inflammatory mucosa compared with the low expression in polyps may reflect an important role in the inhibitory mechanisms of nasal polyposis. ,
A novel mutation of TGFB1 in a Chinese family with Camurati-Engelmann disease is reported. ,
SMAD7 antagonizes TGFB1 signaling in the nucleus by interfering with functional Smad-DNA complex formation. ,
data suggest that TGFbeta has a direct inhibitory effect on G2 checkpoint kinases, which is regulated at mRNA level ,
TGF-beta1 may act in an autocrine fashion to induce airway smooth muscle hyperplasia, mediated by its receptor and several kinases including PI3K, ERK, and JNK, whereas p38 MAPK is a negative regulator. ,
These results indicate that impaired competition with p300 is the possible cause of dysfunction of c-Ski/SnoN in scleroderma fibroblasts and that this might contribute to maintenance of the autocrine TGFbeta loop in this disease. ,
The present data suggest that TGF-beta, LMO1, possibly RUNX3, and GSDM form a regulatory pathway for directing the pit cells to apoptosis. ,
S100C/A11-mediated pathway is at least partly involved in conferring upon human squamous cell cancers resistant to TGFbeta-induced growth suppression ,
TGF-beta 1 and cardiotrophin-1 exert differential effects on myofibroblast proliferation and contraction in vitro. A balance of these effects may be important for normal cardiac wound healing. ,
TGF-beta1 has a role as both a disease marker and a therapeutical target for cardiovascular disease [review] ,
negative effect of EBNA1 on the expression of TGFbeta1-responsive betaig-h3 and PAI-1 genes was confirmed at the protein level in EBV-infected carcinoma cells ,
TGF-beta 1 exhibits an acute pro-oxidant effect in cartilage that is not cytotoxic, suggesting a role in physiological cell signalling ,
The type of cartilaginous tissue formed under the influence of TGFbeta1 differed in terms of both cell phenotype and gene expression profiles from BMP-2 and -7 ,
endoglin and beta-arrestin2 interact and have roles in regulating transforming growth factor-beta-mediated ERK activation and migration in endothelial cells ,
TNF-alpha suppresses TGF-beta1-induced myofibroblast (fibroproliferative) phenotypic genes, for example, alpha-SMA, collagen type 1A, and fibronectin at the mRNA level. ,
PGE(2) has the potential to limit TGF-beta1-induced myofibroblast differentiation via adhesion-dependent, but Smad-independent, pathways ,
TGF-beta(1) gene polymorphism in codon 10 and 25 is not associated with susceptibility to psoriasis vulgaris, but may be important for the type of the disease. ,
The molecular regulation of heme oxygenase-1 by transforming growth factor-beta1 in human renal proximal tubular cells is reported. ,
study shows that the TGFB1-509C>T polymorphism might not be associated with POAG ,
Treatment with lactate was accompanied by enhanced mRNA expression and release of TGF-beta1, which also shows anti-angiogenic activity in the model. ,
prostate cancer cells have a role in altering endoglin expression and attenuating transforming growth factor-beta signaling in reactive bone marrow stromal cells ,
These results suggest that T869C polymorphism of the TGFbeta1 gene is involved in the development of autoantibodies and the occurrence of aseptic necrosis in patients with SLE. ,
TGF-beta1 may play a dual role in HBV infection, in the suppression of immune responses against viral infection and in the direct inhibition of viral replication, resulting in minimization of liver damage in patients with chronic hepatitis. ,
ECP stimulates TGF-beta(1)-release by human lung fibroblasts, suggesting a potential mechanism for eosinophils in the fibrotic response. ,
transforming growth factor-beta signaling in human arterial endothelium during atherosclerosis. ,
Chronic inflammation associated with hepatitis C virus infection shifts hepatocytic TGF-beta signaling from tumor-suppression to fibrogenesis, accelerating liver fibrosis and increasing risk for hepatocarcinoma. ,
VEGF-A/TGF-beta1 polymorphisms could be genetic markers of the process of urinary tract infection and vesicoureteral reflux. ,
TGF-beta1 may play a role in the pathogenesis of idiopathic male osteoporosis ,
TGF-beta is a modulator of beta-Catenin levels in tumoral fibroblasts and non-tumoral fibroblasts, despite the oncogenic mutations already present in this gene in tumoral fibroblasts of desmoid tumors. ,
Results describe a contact-dependent mechanism by which mesenchymal stem cells modulate IL-10 and TGF-beta gene expression in T cells. ,
ADAM12 contributes to TGFB signaling through interaction with the type II receptor. ,
Inhibition of beta-catenin resulted in increased TGF-beta1-dependent Smad3 phosphorylation and restoration of TGF-beta1 anti-proliferative effects. ,
failure to find any significant association between leukocyte telomere length and 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms in two ageing-related candidate genes, TGFB1 and KLOTHO ,
MMP-1 produced from melanoma cells may play a role in tumor progression by both degrading matrix proteins and generating active growth factors such as TGF-beta in vivo ,
No significant SNP or haplotypic associations were observed for TGFbeta1 or hepatocyte growth factor in autism ,
The content of TGF-beta1 and IL-1beta decreased after the femoral neck injury. In case of TGF-beta1 the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). ,
TGF-beta(1) and mechanical stress induce xylosyltransferase I expression in cardiac fibroblasts and have impact for ECM remodeling in the dilated heart. ,
transforming growth factor-beta has a role in Smad3-dependent activation of Gli2 and Gli1 expression ,
TGF-beta reduces interferon-gamma-induced major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II expression in mesenchymal stromal cells via serum factor and cell density effects on transactivator CIITA expression. ,
An association between the -509C/T polymorphism of the TGF-beta 1 gene and an increased risk of deep infiltrating endometriosis. ,
Our findings suggest that women who experience eclampsia/pre-eclampsia with severe maternal and/or fetal complications are more likely to have a genetic predisposition to produce high levels of TGF-beta 1 as defined by polymorphisms at codon 10. ,
TGF-beta and TC21 have roles in tumorigenesis ,
Smad7 overexpression in cultured hepatocytes abrogated TGF-beta-dependent and intrinsic CTGF expression. ,
Unlike postnatal fibroblasts, fetal fibroblasts phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinases in response to TGF-beta1. These altered responses may contribute to the transition between regeneration and scar formation seen during development. ,
Data suggest that polymorphonuclear leukocytes decrease dendritic cell allostimulatory ability via production of elastase leading to a switch of immature DCs into TGF-beta1-secreting cells. ,
lower TGF-beta1 expression is associated with colon carcinoma ,
Snail1 is involved in renal tubular EMT and TGF-beta1 regulates Snail1 at the transcription and protein degradation levels ,
Polymorphisms in two key anti-inflammatory cytokines, IL-10 and TGF-beta, are associated with susceptibility to EBV-associated posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder. ,
The TNFalpha-308A/TGFbeta1 25C genotype may be one component of genetic susceptibility to SLE in Colombian population. ,
Over one fourth of women with cervical insufficiency have a family history of cervical insufficiency and the COL1A1 intron 1SP1 and TGF-beta Arg-25-Pro polymorphisms are associated with the condition. ,
TGF-beta1-induced Sporothrix schenckii adhesion to endothelial monolayers results from the increased exposure of the subendothelial extracellular matrix and this event may contribute to transendothelial migration. ,
R124C and R555W TGFBI mutations cause lattice and granular type I corneal dystrophies in the studied families. ,
The -509C and codon 10T haplotypes are significantly associated with disease severity indicators in both chronic beryllium disease and sarcoidosis. ,
Gastrointestinal carcinoid tumor fibrosis is a CTGF/TGFbeta1-mediated stellate cell-driven fibrotic response. ,
TGF-beta may modulate the expression of chloride channel protein CLC-2 and CLC-3 in chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps. ,
Conversion from calcineurin inhibitors to sirolimus treratment in heart allograft dysfunction presented a significant decrease in TGF-beta urine levels. representing a decreas in allograft dysfunction. ,
altered transforming growth factor-beta signaling contributes to tumor progression and metastasis as well as development of fibrosis [review] ,
the TGF-beta-inducing protein of H. pylori might mediate the immune response and contribute to the pathogenesis of H. pylori infection ,
local and transient TGF-beta1 overexpression induces homogenous, prolonged, and progressive pleural fibrosis ,
production of TGF-beta1 within the BM microenvironment of chronic idiopathic neutropenia patients results in downregulation of IL-10 and reduction of myeloid progenitor cells ,
CHROMOSOME
19,
ENTREZ_GENE_ID
7040 ,
UNIGENE
Hs.645227 ,
UNIREF100_ID
UniRef100_P01137 ,
UniRef100_Q49IK8 ,
UniRef100_Q671U8 ,
UniRef100_Q671V1 ,
PIR_NREF_ID
NF00110363,
NF00124967,
NF00130917,
NF01383883,
NF01384147,
NF01750200,
NF02030264,
NF02030291,
NF02211893,
NF03285040,
NF03287519,
UNIPROT_ID
Q49IK8_HUMAN ,
Q49IL8_HUMAN ,
Q5PY19_HUMAN ,
Q671U8_HUMAN ,
Q671V1_HUMAN ,
Q7Z487_HUMAN ,
Q7Z488_HUMAN ,
Q86YU2_HUMAN ,
TGFB1_HUMAN ,
CYTOBAND
19q13.2,
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