The "t" sound of "ed" at the end of a word indicates past tense, as does the sound "d" or "ed" or "id".  I have not heard anyone in an American English conversation say "jumped" four times in a row, so this point escapes me.  Although the sound "d" for "ed" at the end of a word is, in some cases, easier to say, this example does not support that "sometimes."  In this case it is a contortion of American English to say "jumpd", which is neither easy or used in "flowing" speech.  

Tom Zurinskas <truespel at hotmail.com> wrote: Thanks Tom, good points.  My problem was how to phonetically spell "jumped" 
in truespel.  (Someone said the books say ~jumpt, which started this 
discussion).  I decided on ~jumpd.  It retains the "d" to show past tense.  
It is mostly spoken "d" in flowing speech.  Saying ~jumpt four times fast is 
much more a strain (to get that aspiration in at the end of "t") than 
~jumpd.  This shows that ~d is easier to say, and speech tends to lean to 
the easiest pronunciation.

Tom Zurinskas, USA - CT20, TN3, NJ33, FL4+
See truespel.com and the 4 truespel books at authorhouse.com.



>From: "Thomas N. Robb" 

>Reply-To: The Adult English Language Learners Discussion 

>List

>To: "The Adult English Language Learners Discussion 

>List"

>Subject: [EnglishLanguage 997] Re: pronunciation of ed

>Date: Sun, 14 Jan 2007 11:50:37 +0900

>

>What is happening with the /d/, compared with /t/, endings is technically

>called "devoicing".  The "voiced consonants" such as /b/, /d/, /g/ and /v/

>tend not to be fully voiced at the end of words, so they end up sounding

>pretty much like their unvoiced counterparts /p/, /t/, /k/, and /f/.  We

>can't really say that they become the same, however, because if the

>following word begins with a vowel, then the full voicing is heard.

>Compare:

>

>He jumped.

>

>He jumped in.

>

>Cheers,

>  Tom Robb, Japan

>

>         **Join PacCALL http://www.paccall.org **

>

>** Thomas Robb, Kyoto Sangyo University, Japan  **

>**                     **

>**  http://www.kyoto-su.ac.jp/~trobb/index.html **




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