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| NAS - Nonindigenous Aquatic Species |
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Common Name: ninespine stickleback
Taxonomy: available through 
Identification: Scott and Crossman (1973); Becker (1983); Smith (1985); Page and Burr (1991). There are two recognizable forms of this species; a coastal form and an inland form. However, they have not yet been formally recognized as subspecies (Page and Burr 1991).
Size: 9 cm.
Native Range: Arctic and Atlantic drainages across Canada and Alaska, and as far south as New Jersey; Pacific Coast of Alaska; Great Lakes basin. Also in Eurasia (Page and Burr 1991). Whittier collected it in the Penobscot drainage of Maine (T. Whittier, pers. comm.).
Nonindigenous Occurrences: This species has been found in live bait buckets in the South Platte drainage of Colorado and have presumably been introduced there (Walker 1993; Rasmussen 1998). It also has been reported from the Illinois drainage in Illinois and the Mississippi drainage (Burr and Page 1986), presumably in the Illinois portion since Pflieger (1997) did not talk about any collections in Missouri. Smith (1979) depicted a collection from the Illinois River and stated that it occasionally enters the Des Plaines and upper Illinois rivers during winter floods. This species has also been collected in the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, Indiana (Tilmant 1999).
Means of Introduction: Possible bait bucket release in Colorado. Canal connection in Illinois; the Chicago Shipping and Sanitary Canal connects Lake Michigan to the Illinois River.
Status: Reported from Colorado and Illinois. Smith (1979) stated that there was no evidence of reproduction outside of Lake Michigan in Illinois.
Impact of Introduction:
Remarks: Page and Laird (1993) and Laird and Page (1996) did not mention the presence of this species in Illinois.
Many voucher specimens deposited at UMMZ and JFBM.
Becker, G. C. 1983. Fishes of Wisconsin. University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, WI.
Burr, B. M., and L. M. Page. 1986. Zoogeography of fishes of the lower Ohio-upper Mississippi basin. Pages 287-324 in C. H. Hocutt, and E. O. Wiley, editors. The Zoogeography of North American Freshwater Fishes. John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY.
Page, L. M., and B. M. Burr. 1991. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. The Peterson Field Guide Series, volume 42. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, MA.
Pflieger, W. L. 1997. The fishes of Missouri. Missouri Department of Conservation, Jefferson City, MO. 372 pp.
Rasmussen, J.L. 1998. Aquatic nuisance species of the
Scott, W. B., and E. J. Crossman. 1973. Freshwater Fishes of Canada. Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Bulletin 184. Ottawa. 966 pp.
Smith, C. L. 1985. The inland fishes of New York state. New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Albany, NY. 522 pp.
Smith, P. W. 1979. The fishes of Illinois. University of Illinois Press, Urbana, IL.
Tilmant, J.T. 1999. Management of nonindigenous aquatic fish in the U.S. National Park System. National Park Service. 50 pp.
Walker, P. - Colorado Division of Wildlife, Brush, CO.
Other Resources:
Distribution in Illinois - ILNHS
FishBase Fact Sheet
Author: Pam Fuller
Revision Date: 8/6/2004 Citation for this information:
Pam Fuller. 2009. Pungitius pungitius. USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database, Gainesville, FL.
<http://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.asp?speciesID=704> Revision Date: 8/6/2004
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