ࡱ> FHEKY BbjbjWW x==y=]~~~~~L~@)I$$m-g"m _ 8J4J  L­Gd~~Q PROJECT REPORT Department of Fisheries and Oceans. Science Branch, Pacific Region To: Regional Science Director Final: ( 1. Project No.: 9901 2. Dates: Feb 8 to 26, 1999 3. Project Name: Line P 4. Area(s) of Operation: NE Pacific to Station Papa 5. Platform: John P Tully 6. Ship's Master: John Anderson 7. Days Allocated: 21 8. Days of Operation: 19 9. Days lost to weather: 2 d at least 10. Days lost to other causes: 2 d, SAR to north end of Vancouver Is 11. Suitability of platform: excellent 12. Comments and recommendations: (safety, vessel operation, overtime, etc.) Equipment damage and loss, also fatigue of scientists and ships crew is high in winter. Thought must be given to automating measurements, through use of autonomous vehicles and moorings, to reduce time at sea. The new seawater pump that supplies water to the lab, is inadequate. It appears that originally a 25 gpm pump was priced but a 7 gpm pump ordered. Science paid for this equipment and purchased on the advice of the Tullys chief engineer (Mark ?). Not only did the installation of this pump take a long time (we lost data for most of a year waiting for delivery then installation of this pump), but now we find we cannot operate our seawater sensors and still have the water supply needed to rinse plankton nets or cool lab incubators. 13. Primary Institute: OSAP Division at IOS, DFO 14. Associate Institute(s): UBC, CRIEPI (Japan) 15. Chief Scientist / Affiliation: Frank Whitney, DFO 16. Science Staff / Affiliation: David Crawford, IOSMichael Lipsen, UBCKeith Johnson, IOSHugh Maclean, UBCTim Soutar, IOSCathleen Vestfals, UBC contractorWendy Richardson, IOSDoug Anderson, IOSJun Nishioka, CRIEPI, JapanMarie Robert, IOS contractorMichael Bentley, CWS contractorNes Sutherland, IOS contractor 17. Cruise / Project Objectives: (attach narrative if required). ObjectiveCommentsLine P CTD survey22 of 27 stations completed. Weather and conflicting priorities meant we skipped P19, 18, 17, 14 and 13.Eddy survey9 CTDs to 1500 m through eddy, 3 including water sampling 5 biological stationsCompleted 5 stations for primary productivity, DMS, phyto species and zoo tows, missed P12. 5 iron stationsCompleted 5 stations, missed P12Mooring recoveryRecovered one set of samples being incubated at 3600 mMooring searchSpent several hours attempting to locate the UBC mooring using the ships sounder, with no success. Weather was not favourable for trying to drag for the subsurface floats on the mooring.Section off N Van Is.4 CTD stations completed, one with water samplingHydrographic stationsWater properties from 8 stations in total to a minimum depth of 1500 m. APEX floatInitialized and deployed near P16, programmed to cycle between surface and 800 m CFC profileOne cast at St P was completed as planned.Seabird surveyDaylight and weather limits winter counts. Still, enough hours were counted to provide estimates of abundances along Line P. 18. Cruise / Project Results: (attach narrative if required). Despite being pounded by an intense storm one day away from the coast, then having to respond to a distress call from Hanjin Empress near Triangle Island, we were very successful in our work. We found a lull between storms that allowed us to complete 1 days sampling at St Papa, then were fortunate to mostly complete an eddy survey in marginal conditions (winds 30 to 40 kts). Our Line P section suffered from changes made to our cruise plan, but we have enough data to show that the mixed layer has distinctly deepened this La Nina winter, from 90 m to 115 m at St P. Surface nutrient levels are higher than in the past several years because of the deeper mixing, and a great pool of subsurface warm water that entered the NE Pacific in the early 1990s has been somewhat eroded. Biological and iron sampling will provide an assessment of plankton standing stocks, iron concentrations and growth rates of phytoplankton and bacteria when samples are analyzed. Primary productivity will again be size fractionated (<5, 5-20 & >20 um) as well as split into organic and inorganic C uptake. Phytoplantkon samples have been collected to complete the C:chl ratio work for Ken Denman. Our estimate of CFC penetration into the ocean at St P now covers almost 20 years (since Gammon started measurements in 1980). This is an excellent surrogate for estimating CO2 transport into the NE Pacific. Seabird surveys have been accompanying Line P for 3 years now. The data set is approaching being sufficient to look for interannual changes in densities between years, which should indicate changes in ocean productivity between El Nino and La Nina years. 19. Equipment: Thermosalinograph, ADCP, pCO2, Met package & solar radiation all collected continuously (when the seawater pump was working). Onboard analyses of salinity, oxygen, nutrients, chlorophyll, DMS, CFCs and iron. Winches: 1. Swann 329 #1307 Wire Type: CTD, 5500 m Wire Condition: good, wear near termination as cruise progressed Condition of winch at acceptance on vessel: good Repairs/modifications whilst aboard: wire reterminated twice Recommended repairs/modifications: none Equipment deployed: CTD and rosette No. of casts. 45 Average depth: 1500 m Winches: all other winches were unused. 21. Comments and Recommendations: (detail any issues not covered above). The new seawater pump that supplies water to the lab, is inadequate. We cannot operate our seawater sensors and still have the water supply needed to rinse plankton nets or cool lab incubators. Ships engineers should see how the flow rate can be increased for lab use. Thanks again to Captain Anderson and crew for a hard fought, successful survey in the Gulf of Alaska. Our programs depend completely on weather forecasts that have some accuracy. I am amazed and appreciative of how well Captain Anderson does in providing us with forecasts which allow the science program to travel in poor weather and use the few periods of relative calm to sample. Thanks also to the ROC for making the Tully available for loading before our scheduled time. 22. Submitted by: Frank Whitney Date: February 28, 1999 Appendix Hydrographic surveys Frank Whitney and watch keepers Because of a SAR call our third day at sea, our cruise track was irregular. We finished 6 Line P stations before weather halted us, then we headed to the north end of Vancouver Island to assist a freighter that had lost engine power and was drifting towards Triangle Island. When relieved of SAR duties, we headed to a quiet anchorage to recover from a couple of days of storms and equipment damage. Not being certain if we could attempt to reach Station Papa, we chose to run a short survey line from Triangle. At the end of this line, we decided to try for Papa, and steamed directly there. Winds let up enough for us to complete 1 days work at Papa which was sufficient to complete all major objectives. We then began our homeward journey along Line P. At station P20, we headed south to survey an eddy we have named Haida 1998. We completed 9 CTD casts, collecting water samples and net tows at 3 of them, to give us excellent coverage of this still intense feature.  Returning to Line P, we completed our survey back to the coast, missing 2 stations due to weather. In all, we completed 41 CTD stations and 9 hydrographic stations. Cruise track of John P Tully, Feb 8 to 26, 1999 IRON STUDY Keith Johnson, Jun Nishioka & Nes Sutherland Sea Water samples were collected for analysis of Iron III ( unfiltered -reactive, labile or total dissolved, and filtered - o.45u,. 0.22u, 0.1u and 200 kD) onboard ship using CRIEPIs chemiluninescent iron analyzer. Sea water samples were collected at stations P04, TR15, P26, P20 and P16 in that order using 10 or 30 liter Go-flo samplers, Teflon pump and hose and Zodiac as described in previous reports (see 9815 report). P04 TR15 P26 P20 P16 Z- Zodiac OUTBOUND INBOUND LA - 10 liter lever action Sur Z Z #5 - 10 liter go-flo 10M LA UR P MA P #6 - 10 liter go-flo 25M #5 UR P MA P UR - 30 liter go-flo Wilbur 40M LA UR P UR P MA - 30 liter go-flo Wilma 75M #5 MA MA UR MA P - Pump, Teflon, bellows 100M #5 UR UR MA MA 200M #5 MA MA MA MA 300M LA MA UR MA MA 400M LA UR MA UR MA 600M #5 MA UR UR MA 800M LA UR UR MA MA 1000 MA MA #6 MA Aerosol and rain collection from Monkeys Island was attempted with limited success due to lack of rain, high winds and sea spray. Two small rain samples were collected inbound. The Bat Fish was tested and appeared to be stable in the water up to 10 knot speeds. Using the large aft crane telescoped out the bat fish swam 20 feet from the ship. At 10 knots (~60 degree angle) enough line had to be let out so that at 2-3 meters it was just aft of the stern of the ship. Estimated strain 250 pounds down ( data sheet on similar bat fish) and 400 pounds aft (from angle). The sea-bird pH probe was tested at P26 to a depth of 800 meters. The surface mixed layer was about pH 8.0 and below it dropped to a steady pH 7.4. The up and down casts were consistent except for the top 20 meters were there was a slight shift most likely caused by insufficient time for the probe to condition itself between the storage solution and the sea water. Pashas calibration offset was used. Some work is still required on calibrating with Tris buffer. Zinc samples were also collected for David Crawford for analysis in England from all Iron stations but not all depths. Due to the rough weather a significant amount of damage was experienced. The ondeck PVC HEPA clean hood was smashed beyond repair. An aluminum lid loaned to UBC for 10 liter go-flos was swept overboard. One of the 30 liter Go-flo's, Wilbur, was smashed on the side of the ship and will need significant repair. The kevlar line was broken when the Bongo net weights hit the side of the ship and the line snapped. Other science projects also suffered losses or damage. To investigate the size-fraction of particles associated with Fe after addition of aerosol to sea water sample. Onboard aerosol filter addition experiments were conducted with P26 surface filtered (0.1um) and unfiltered seawater. Aerosols samples were collected on this trip on 47mm 0.45u polycarbonate filters from IOS apparatus set up on Monkeys Island. Notes and preliminary results. 1) Go-flos were sent down open due to lanyard layout. These should be checked and adjusted or fixed as required. Samples collected from Go-flos on deck were typically 1 x 125 ml not filtered, 1x 500-1000ml not filtered for Jun to filter in clean bubble using 0.22u Teflon filters and 200 kilo dalton ultra filters, 2 x 0.1u Opticap - one for analysis the other for Juns iron solubility study, and 1 x 0.45u Durapore. The notable exception was P16 where sampling was carried out on the wire with no filtration on deck. A 125ml and a 1L sample were collected from each depth. A 0.4u filtration was carried out in the clean bubble. No 0.22u or 200 kDa filtration was done at P16 or P20. 2) Pump sampling was accomplished using bell jar system as the clean hood was destroyed. All samples were filtered for 0.03u steropore, 0.1u steropore and 0.45u Durapore. 3) Preliminary results indicate higher iron than normal for open ocean samples, throughout the entire water column. Whether this is real or an analytical problem is still being investigated. 4) The 0.1u and the 0.45u filtrates gave very similar results for iron but the 0.22u teflon omnipore results were less than both 0.1 or 0.45 u. The hot cleaning procedure may have changed the pore size of the 0.22u so that it was actually less than 0.1u. 5) A 24 hour Goflo soak test was done on Wilbur and Wilma, using Stn. P26 100m and 200m unfiltered water, respectively. Water drawn from each Goflo had approximately doubled in iron content over the 24 hour period (from 0.2 to 0.5 nM - 100m, and from 0.5 to 1.1 nM - 200m). Productivity Experiments Lipsen & Crawford (IOS and UBC): As a continuation of our work in 1998, the principal focus along line P was to measure 14C incorporation into organic and inorganic particulate carbon. Size fractionated chlorophyll a concentrations were also measured at the 6 depths of the productivity samples as well as biogenic silica. P v I curves were also generated from each major station at 55% light depth. Samples were collected at all major stations as previous with the exception of TR-15 as a surrogate to P-12. Productivity samples were lost from P-04 due to storm activity. Again as a continuation of last years cruise work, we took samples from all major P stations for epifluorescence microscopy, inverted microscopy and scanning electron microscopy in order to enumerate the principal producers of organic and inorganic particulate carbon. Additional samples were also prepared from Station P26 for epifluorescence microscopy and inverted microscopy for Jennifer Putland/Ken Denman to continue their work on carbon:chlorophyll ratios of phytoplankton. Phytoplankton net (30 *XQix'@ *= +B*+X@mm mesh) samples were taken from line P stations at the 1% light level as well as 150 m. Samples were preserved immediately for qualitative analysis. Initial examination will focus on the larger phytoplankton species with an emphasis on diatoms. 1 l samples were taken from each major station for total zinc analysis to be conducted by Peter Statham at Southampton Oceanography Center, England. The sediment trap sample mooring (STS&M) was recovered at station P. Only the first of three portions were recovered. The remaining samples will be recovered in June and September to complete the full year cycle of the experiment. From the mooring, eight subsamples [representing different preservatives] of the original sediment trap material were recovered for analysis of decomposition at IOS. Isotope Inventory Approximately 10 mCi of 14C bicarbonate were taken on board. 5 mCi of this was used in experiments by Crawford and Lipsen. Low level liquid waste was diluted and disposed via the sink in the fume hood following set protocols. 5 mCi was brought back to IOS in concentrated (unused) form. Bacteria Productivity C. Vestfals (UBC): Bacterial Productivity was measured using [Methyl - 3H] Thymidine. Spiked samples were incubated for 4 hours without light before filtration. Samples were taken from Stations P4, P16, P20 and P26 at depths corresponding to 100, 55, 10 and 1% light levels. In addition, 75m and 100m depths were sampled at each station. Samples were also taken from each depth, stained with DAPI and filtered for bacteria slides. 15N Experiments Water samples were taken for 15NO3, 15NH4,15N-urea, Chl a and PON. At stations P4, P16 and P20, water was collected from the 55% light level and incubated for 24 hours. From Station P26 water was collected from depths corresponding to 100, 55, 30, 19, 3.5 and 1% light levels. Measurements were made for NO3, SiO3, and PO4 from all of the above samples. Isotopes Initial content: 5mCi tritiated thymidine in 35ml water. Approximately 1.5 mCi were used. Low level liquid waste was diluted and disposed via the sink in the fume hood following set protocols. Radioisotope remaining on filters will be counted at UBC. -To be completed by Chief Scientist for each cruise. -Submit completed WP copy on disc to L. Mcdonald, Dir. 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