G.M. Darrow, The Strawberry: History, Breeding and Physiology

Index

Aalders, L. E., 192, 258f.
De Aardbei, Kronenberg et al., 424
Abe, S., 192
Abbe Thivolet, 172
"An Account and Description of the Different Varieties of Strawberries . . ." Barnet, 421
Alaska, 224f.
Alberta, 261f.
L'Agriculture et Maison Rustique, Etienne & Liébault, 18
Alderman, W. H., 241
Ambato strawberry, 131ff., 319, 352, 355
Anderson, 151
Angelo, E., 241f.
Anstey, T. H., 242, 259
Anthony, R. D., 224, 245f.
Arbutus, 25
Austen, V. C., 309f.
Australia, 301
industry and breeding, 309f.
New South Wales, 310
Queensland, 310

Baker, R. E., 227f.
Baldini, E., 192f., 293f.
Banks, J., 80
and Knight, 76
Barnes, J., 82
Barnet, J., 73f., 421
Basic Principles for Crossing for Long-Continued Research, Gruber, 271
Bauer, E., 91, 295
Beaumont, J. H., 241
Beaver, J. F., 153
Belgium
industry and breeding, 289f.
varieties grown, 290
Berger, 84
"The best parents in strawberry breeding," Slate, 245f.
Biological Abstracts, 425
Black, 19
Blake, R. C., 193, 212f., 236
Blasberg, C., 251
Biffin, R., 174, 264
Bishop, C. J., 258
Blomers, J., 289
Bonner, I. A., 309
Bosch, N., 10, 13
Böttner, J., 276
Bowen, H. H., 244f.
Boyce, B. R., 251
Boyes, D., 264ff.
Bradley, S., 82
Branzanti, E. O., 294
Breeders, strawberry. See Chaps. 12 &13, and Appendix I
"Breeding behavior of the strawberry with respect to time of blossoming . . ." Peterson, 241f.
Breeding, strawberry. See Strawberry Breeding Techniques
breeding chart, 215
flower emasculation, 215f.
obtaining pollen, 216f.
pollination, 216
Seed, 217
germination, 217f.
red stele resistance test, 218
Seedlings, field tests of, 218f.; number of, 219
selections, 219; number of, 219f.
use of cobalt 60, 294
modifications, 240
methods, in France, 274f.; in Germany, 284ff.; in Russia, 296ff.
"Breeding value of selected inbred clones of strawberries . . ." Anstey &Wilcox, 242
Brierly, W. G., 241
Bringhurst, R., 4, 159, 193, 224, 227ff.
Brooks, A. N. S., 5, 156, 194, 224, 234f.
Brown, J. F., 260
Bruggmann, M. W., 3. See note to Chap. 6, p. 11
Bruyerin-Champier, 16, 18
Bubach, 190
Budd, 236
Bussey Institute of Harvard, 86, 88

California, 4, 9, 141ff., 170, 206, 230, 332ff., 367, 406
Canada, 159ff., 254ff.
Capitons. SeeF. moschata
Cement-block culture. See Japan, industry
Chapman, C. E., 147
Chapron, R., 172, 271f.
Chilean strawberry, 131, 138. See Chap. 4, 132f.
Chilling requirements, 231f., 378, 393
Christiansen, E., 291
Chromosomes. See Chap. 7
of vesca, 9, 86, 88, 90
of virginiana, 90
of viridis, 90
of ovalis, 90
and species relationships, 67, 88, 93, 98, 109
doubling, 90, 95, 97, 102f., 106f., effects, 96f.,
with colchicine, 103, 105f., 117
shapes, 90
length, 91
homology, 93, 97
and Longley, 86, 88
and Yarnell, 91
Clark, J. W., 242
Clarke, J. H., 150f., 156, 194f., 224
Clausen, R. E., 185
Clifford, G., 36f.
Climate. See Chap. 20 effects on moschata, 52; on Chilean, 53; on species, 64; on varieties, 286; on flowers, 336 effects of light, photoperiod, 359f., 392; intensity, 359f., 364
effects of temperature, 65, 357; low, 357f.; hardiness, 358f.
effects of temperature and light, 167, 208f., 258, 320, 322f., 328, 332ff., 344, 359ff., 392f.
and fruit development period, 363f.
and vitamin C content, 242, 298, 353f., 364
Cloud, R. L., 143, I75f., 179f., 190
Colby, A. S., 151, 236
"Combining ability in strawberries," Spangelo, 257
Commercial strawberry production
in America, 6, 130ff., 138f. See California, experiment stations
in Japan, 307
in Mexico, 312f.
A Complete Manual for the Culture of the Strawberry, Saxton, 422
Computers, use in breeding work, 229f.
Converse, R. H., 213
Cooper, S., 169
Corbett, E. G., 243
Correll, 247
Cox, J. E., 309f.
Craig, D. L., 192, 195, 258f.
Craig, J., 256
Cruse, E. W., 153f., 190
Cytology, 85, 90f.
Culliman, F. P., 6

Dahl, C. G., 294
Darrow G. W., 3ff., 208f.
biography, 6, 195f.
and the U.S.D.A., 211ff.
collections of chiloensis and ovalis, 123
publications, 424
his varieties, 10
breeding work, 187, 197, 224, 246f., 248; at various chromosome levels, 9, 98, decaploids, 95, triploids, 99, pentaploids, 99f.; chromosome doubling, 106
Das Buch der Erdbeeren, Goeschke, 432
Davis, M. B., 25ff, 258
Daubney, H. A., 196, 259f.
Dearborn, C. H., 226f.
Dearing, C., 151, 212, 246
Decaisne, 84, 421f.
Denisen, E. L., 237
Denmark, industry and breeding, 291
Dermen, H., 98ff., 103, 106, 209
Dillenius, 34, 36
Dioeciousness, 20, 36, 41ff., 48ff., 93, 124, 297f., 336ff., 381
Dogadkina, N. A., 97
Dorsey, M. J., 241
Downer, J. S., 136, 190
Dozadkina, 297
Drain, B. D., 250f.
Driscoll, E. F., 230
Duchesne, A., 3, 8, 38, 83. See Chap. 5
boyhood and education, 43ff., 69f.
later life and work, 70ff.
and Frezier, 32, 35, 46
and Linnaeus, 46f., 49f., 61f., 69
on species, 47f., 53, 62ff.
On Fragaria, depth study, 61ff.; immutability, 62ff.; environmental effects, 64; genealogy, 65ff; vesca, 46, 49, 51f.; monophyllous vesca, 61f.; viridis, 19; moschata, 20f., 48ff.; virginiana, 22, 48, 64, 67f.; chiloensis, 36f., 40ff., 48, 64, 67f.; x. ananassa, 54ff., 72, 119; hybrid variation, 56; early varieties, 56ff., 60
on dioeciousness, 41ff., 48ff.
on cross fertilization, 53f., 70
on taxonomy, 47f., 52, 63f., classifications, 65ff. interspecific crosses, 98
L'Histoire Naturelle des Frasiers, 40f., 46f., 67ff., 420f.
"Essai sur L'Histoire Naturelle des Frasiers," 56f., 67ff.
Duchesnea, 108
Durand, E. W., 134, 176, 188
Dürer, A., 14

Earle, J., 16
East, 86, 88ff., 99f.
East Germany, breeding, 298ff.
Edgmond, 170
"Effect of parentage in breeding for red stele resistance of strawberries . . ." Daubney, 260
"Effects of limited inbreeding in strawberries," Morrow & Darrow, 247
Ellis, J. R., 86, 94ff., 99ff., 105f.
induced polyploidy, 106f.
synthesis of octoploids, 102
Etter, A. F., 176, 183ff., 190
his varieties, 186
use of chiloensis, 121, 184
use of ovalis, 124
Europe breeding work, 7, in the mid-1700's, 4; See Chaps. 6, 9, 17
Everbearers. See Chap. 11; history, 168ff. diploid, 165ff.
octoploid, 167ff. two-crop varieties, 173f. fruit setting, 189, 392f.
light and temperature effects, 332ff., growth
period, 343, intensity of light, 359f. in California, 230
Everbearing character, 9, 18, 65, 87f., 112, 125,
330, 360. See also Chap. 11
Evolution of species, 65ff., 93ff., 108
Ewell, M. F., 141, 190
Experiment Stations of North America, first early
work, 224, results, 224f. See Chaps. 13, 15 programs. See under separate states following:
Alaska, 224; at Sitka, 225; at Palmer, 225; at College, 226
California, breeding, 4, 9, 227ff., research facilities, 229, methods, 229, 233, computer, 229f., results, 228, 23 lf., 406; California Strawberry Institute, 206, 227, 230; strawberry industry, 4, 141ff., 170, 207, 229ff., 332ff., production techniques, fumigation, 232, 367, polyethylene bed-covers, 230, plant density, 233, planting seasons, 232ff.
Florida, breeding, 234ff.; strawberry industry, 235f., 367
Illinois, breeding, 236; U.S.D.A. cooperative work, 236
Iowa, breeding, 236f., 315
Louisiana, breeding, 237ff.
Maine, breeding, 238f.
Maryland, breeding, 239; cooperative with U.S.D.A., 239
Michigan, breeding, 239f.
Minnesota, breeding, 240ff:; research publications, 241f.
Mississippi, breeding, 242
Missouri, breeding, 242f.
New Hampshire, breeding, 243
New Jersey, breeding, 243ff.; research publications, 244
New York, breeding, 224, 245; research publications, 245f.
North Carolina, breeding, 246f.; industry, 333; research publications, 247f.
Oregon, breeding, 123f., 224, 248f., 367; industry, 248
South Dakota, breeding, 224, 249
TennesSee, breeding, 249f.; research publications, 250f.
Texas, breeding, 251
Vermont, breeding, 251; research publications, 251
Washington, breeding, 251f.
Wyoming, breeding, 123, 253f.
in Canada, breeding, 254ff.; varieties used, 159ff., 255ff.; research publications, 257f. See under provinces following:
Alberta, breeding, 261f.
Manitoba, breeding, 260f.
Ontario, breeding, 260
Nova Scotia, breeding, Kentville, 258f.; Agassiz, 259; research publications, 259f.

Fasciation, 349f., 375ff.
Fedorova, 97, 99f., 103, 105f., 297
Filosophova, T. P., 296f.
Fister, L. A., 250f.
Fletcher, S. W., 121, 182, 190, 432
Florida, 234ff., 367
Flower-bud initiations, 167f., 208f., 258, 320; in two-crop varieties, 174; set of fruit, 189, 241
Flower stems, number, 299
"Fragaria virginiana in the evolution of the garden strawberry in America," Fletcher, 423
Fragaria, genus, 108; species, morphology, 108ff., taxonomy, 108ff., variability, 109; geographic distribution. See Chap. 8; descriptions. See following listings:
F. x. ananassa (or grandiflora, large fruited), 7f.; source of name, 56, 61; possible origin, 59ff., 109, 119; parentage, 22, 54, 108; first large fruited, 4, 56ff., 72, 94; early varieties, 56ff.; development in 1700's, 23, 38; culture in France, 83; in United States before 1858, 7; F. x. ananassa variegata, 57; as chiloensis pollinator, 36f.; classification by Duchesne, 48, 67f.; description, 54ff.; morphological description, 119; compared with chiloensis and virginiana, 54ff., 119; geographic distribution, 119; chromosomes, 9f.; inheritance, 86; interspecific crosses, 97f.; with diploids, 91f.; with moschata, 91; as source of pentaploids, 100, hexaploids, 100, heptaploids, 100, octoploids, 100, others 106; use in induced polyploidy, 106f.; variegation, 374
F. chiloensis; See Chap. 4, 3f., 7f.; origin, 94ff., 108; in Chile, 24ff., 29f., 32, 124; early descriptions, 25f., 30ff.; morphological descriptions, 120f., 124f.; taxonomic citations, 94, 98, 119; nature of first selections, 35; early history in Europe, 35, 73f.; source of name, 37; in France 36ff., at Brest, 34, 38, 59f., 83; in England, culture, 36ff., 74; present culture in Mexico, 161, 352; Duchesne's studies, 36f., 40ff., 51ft., 64, his classification, 48, 67f.; diociousness, 51ff., 124; chromosomes, 9, shape, 90; compared with vesca, 34, virginiana, 124f., ananassa, 54ff., moschata, 117, ovalis, 121, 125f.; as a parent, 7f., 54ff., 74, 79, 84, 100, 109, 122f., 126ff., 184ff., 226f., 248f.; selfed, 16-ploid, 106; interspecific crosses, 97f., with vesca alba, 86, vesca, 91, 193, moschata, 91, ovalis, 121, chiloensis, 126, as source of pentaploids, 100, 193, hexaploids, 100, decaploids, 103, 16-ploids, 105f.; interfertility with ovalis, 123f.; variability, l l9f.; varieties, 120, 124; adaptability, 38, 74, 94, 120, 125, 225f.; geographic distribution, ll9f., 123, S57; characters in strawberry varieties, 121ff., 127ff.; mildew resistance, 94f., drought resistance, 125; red stele resistance, 259, 369; wilt resistance, 259f., 372; variegation, 374; responses to light and temperature, 167, 357; firmness, 352; morphology and physiology, capping, 353, roots, 317, crown, 322, leaf, 323ff., runners, 329.
F. daltoniana, 98f., 109; geographic distribution, 114; morphological description, 114f.
F. moschata (or Hautboy, or Musky ), 8f., 36f., 100; origin, 51, 54, 95ff., 100; early descriptions and taxonomic citations, 18, 20f., 98, by Duchense, 48, 52, 67f., by Linnaeus, 50f.; in Europe, 21, 109, 176, 276, 29Sf., in 1500's, 22; as chiloensis pollinator, 36f., 41ff., 52f.; morphological description, 117; geographic distribution, 117, 357; as parent, appearance in modern varieties, 9, 95, 98, 272, 297; as source of tetraploids, 99, pentaploids, 100, octoploids, 103, others, 106; autohexaploidy, 93, 97; interspecific crosses, with virginiana, 86ff., with diploids, 90f., 93, with vesca, 97, 297; with octoploids, 91, 209, 297f., with chiloensis, 91, with orientalis, 97, viridis, 117; chromosomes, 9, 90; photoperiod, 359; flavor, 383; variegation, 374; dioeciousness, 20, 48ff., 297f.
F. moupinensis, 98f., origin; 97, relation to nilgerrensis, 114; geographic distribution, 115; morphological description, 115
F. nilgerrensis, 98f., 109; morphological description, 113f.; geographical distribution, 113f.; relation to moupinensis, 115; chromosomes, 90; interspecific crosses, with diploids, 90ff., 99, with vesca, 114
F. nubicola, 98f., 109; morphological description, 115; geographic distribution, 115; interspecific crosses, with vesca, 99
F. orientalis, 93, 98f., 109; origin, 97; morphological description, 116f., 297; geographic distribution; 115, 117; interspecific crosses with octoploids, 297, with moschata, 97, 297; wilt resistance, 259f.
F. ovalis, 98, morphological descriptions, 121, 125f.; geographical distribution, 121, 123; compared with virginiana and chiloensis, 121, 125f., interfertility with, 123f.; collections of, 122; interspecific crosses, 97f., 121; as a parent, 100, 109, 121, 127, 226f., 248f., 253f.; appearance in modern varieties, 124, 127, 130, 184; as source of pentaploids, 100; characters in strawberry varieties, 121ff.; dioeciousness, 124; hardiness, 125f., 225f., drought resistance, 125f., red stele resistance, 269, wilt resistance, 259f., nematode resistance, 367; variability, 121; variegation, 374; everbearing, 125f.; responses to light and temperature, 167
F. vesca ( also Fraise des bois, or wood strawberry), 109f., in the 1300's, 16, 1500's, 22, and Henry VIII, 17, 1600's, 23; first toxonomic citations, 18, 94, 98; descriptions, 99, morphological, 109ff., compared with viridis, 113, with virginiana, 118, with nubicola, 115, with moschata, 117; geographical distribution, 109, 112, 117f., 357; compared to the Chilean, 34; and Duchesne, 46, 49, 61ff.; cultivation, 138, in Italy, 292f., in Japan, 302; allied species or varieties, 112; subspecies, F. silvestris alba, 18, 48, 66, crossed with chiloensis, 86, F. silvestris semperflorens, 9, 18f., 87f., 109, 113, 165ff., as source of all strawberries, 65, F. vesca sise sterilis, 19; varieties and variations, alpine vesca, 9, 13, 19, 47, as source of octoploids, 100, monophyllous vesca, 61f., 65, 112, according to Duchesne, 66f.; varieties according to Yarnell, 91; interspecific crosses, 90, with virginiana, 90, with tetraploids, 91, with moschata, 90f., 93, 97, 297, nilgerrensis, 93, 114; appearance in octoploids, 95, 98, 105, 209, 295, 297f.; as source of tetraploids, 99, 106, pentaploids, 99f., hexaploids, 100, heptaploids, 100, octoploids, 103, decaploids, 103ff., others, 106; inheritance, 86, 88; photoperiod, 359; variegation, 373; wilt resistance, 259f.; red stele resistance, 269; capping, 353; berries, 345; growth period, 343; firmness, 352; leaf, 323
F. virginiana, origin, 94ff., 108; in Europe, possible sources, 22, 94; early references, possible, 22, certain, 22; early descriptions, 22f.; tasonomic citations, 98, by Duchense, 48, 67f., by Staudt, 94; and Duchense, 22, 64; commercial use, 130f., as a pollinator for chiloensis, 36, 38, 52; compared with ananassa, 54ff., 119, moschata, 117, chiloensis, 124f., sesca, 118, osalis, 121, 125f.; as a parent, 54, 59ff., 74, 77, 100, 109, 126ff., 240, 256; interspecific crosses, 97f., with moschata, 86f., 91, 117, vesca, 90f., chiloensis, 126, selfed 16-ploid, 106; as source of tetraploids, 99, pentaploids, 100, hesaploids, 100, decaploids, 103ff., 16-ploids, 105f.; morphological description, 118f., 124f.; geographic distribution, 117f., 123, 357; characters in strawberry varieties, 121ff., 127ff.; varieties, 73f., 118, 124; interfertility with ovalis, 123, chromosomes, shapes, 90; dioeciousness, 124; adaptability, 125; responses to light and temperature, 167, 357; hardiness, 125, 256, 262, 346; wilt resistance, 259f., red stele resistance, 269, 369, firmness, 352; runners, 329; roots, 317; leaf, 323ff.
F. viridis, 109, early descriptions, l9f., 99, compared with nubicola, 115; relation to moupinensis, 115; taxonomical citations, 18, 98; morphological description, 113; classifications, by Duchesne, 48, 66ff., by Linnaeus, 50f.; geographical distribution, 113; interspecific crosses, with diploids, 91, tetraploids, 91, moschata, 93, 117; as source of tetraploids, 99; appearance in modem varieties, 98f., 298
evolution of species, 65ff., 93f., 95ff., 108
Fraise des bois, 3, 8ff.
everbearing, 9
in religious art, 11f.
Le Fraisier, Lesourd, 424
Les Fraisiers, Millet, 423
Le Fraisier, sa Botanique, son Histoire, sa Culture, Lembertye, 84, 422
France early breeding, 83ff.
later breeding, 271f.
present breeding, 274ff.
industry, 16, 18, 272ff.
varieties grown, 273
everbearers, 172f.
Friedrich Wilhelm University, 86, 91
Freeman, J. A., 259
Frezier, A.
source of family name, 27f.
family background, 27f.
boyhood and education, 28, 70
reasons for his voyage, 26f., 29
his stay in South America, 29ff.
description of chiloensis, 29ff., 37,
selection of plats, 35f.
his return, 32ff. with chiloensis, 32, disposal of plants, 32, 34f., 61
Relation of the Voyage to the South Sea . . . 27. 29ff.
and Duchesne, 32, 35, 46
Fruit
characters listed, 393f.
development, 363f.
number, 386, effect on crop, 299
season, 393
setting, 189, 241, 392f.
size, 386, 393, effect on crop, 299
color, 386, 393
flavor, 386f., 394
Fruits of America, 177
Fruit Varieties and Horticultural Digest, 425
Frutilla, frutillar. See F. chiloensis culture, at Brest, 34, 38, 59, 83, in Europe, 36f., according to Duchesne, 47, to Miller, 74
Fukaba, H., 302
Fumigstion, 232, 235, 367, 371

Galletta, G. J., 196, 213, 247
Gallions. See F. vesca semperflorens
Gandy, 190
Gardener's Chronicle, 425
Gardener's Dictionary, 36f.
Gardener's Labyrinth, Hyll, 18
Gardner, V. R., 248
Gauthier, L., 84, 172, 174, 271
Gay, M. J., 421
Genetics, 85ff., See Chap. I
use of computer, 229f.
chromosome pairing, temperature effects, 91 variances, 247, 286
homology, 93, 97
and combining ability, 298ff.
and mildew resistance, 94f.
unreduced gametes, 95ff.
double non-reduction, 96f.
variegation, 150, 267
"Genetic variances in strawberries," Morrow, et al., 247
"Genetic variation in an asexual species, the garden strawberry," Comstock, et al., 247
Georgeson, 122, 124, 186, 190, 224ff., 382
Germany
breeding, work, 275ff., lines, 284f.
varieties, principal, 279ff., patented, 278f.
everbearers, 173
Sengana GmbH., 283ff.
research publications, 280
Germination, 217f.
Gerritsen, J. D., 289
Gloede, F., 84, 172
Gohn, N., 144, 190
Goeschke, F., 275, 423
Goeschke, G., 275
Gilbert, F. A., 157, 196f., 224, 244, 252
Goldsmith, E., 4, 155f., 158, 192, 224, 227f., 230
Great Britain
England, breeding work, 10, 73ff., See Chaps. 6, 9; 131f.; later work, See Chap. 16; industry, 16f.
Scotland, industry, 266; breeding, 267ff.
The Grete Herball, 17
Guyot, 272

Haack, E. H., 231
Haight, E., 12
Haley, J. C., 156, 190
Hagerstom, M., 170f., 198
Hall, E. R., 259
Hanchey, E. H., 250
Hansen, N. E., 121, i90, 224, 236f., 249, 382
Haralson, C., 121, 240
Haralson, F. E., 241
Hardiness, 242, 253f., 256, 261, 322f., 358
of varieties, 392
of everbearers, 168ff.
breeding for hardiness, 358, 382
Hardy, M. B., 251
Harland, S. C., 86, 94ff., 198f.
Harris, J., 259
Harris, R. E., 261f.
Haut, I. C., 21S, 239
Hautbois, hautboy. See F. moschata
Haverland, 190
Hawthorne, P. L., 155, 157, 197, 224, 237f., 250
Hedrick, U. P., 122, 205, 423f.
Hemphill, D. D., 198, 243
Henriksen, A., 291
Henry, E. M., 155, 158, 199, 224, 250
Hilborn, W. W., 256
Hildreth, A. C., 253
Histoire Naturelle des Fraisiers, Duchesne, 40f., 46f., 67ff., 420f.
Hoffman, 190
Holbeche, 310
Hondelmann, W. H. J., 199, 284
Hopp, R. J., 251
Home, W. T., 2a7
Horticultural Abstracts, 425
Hough, L. F., 244
Hovey, C. M., 5, 133, 136, 175ff.
"How the strawberry sets its fruit," Valleau, 241
Howard, A. B., 5f., 136, 147, 176, 181ff., 190
Howard, G. S., 213, 254
Howes, W. T., 227
Hull, J. W., 105f., 213, 236
Hunter, A. W. S., 256
Hybridization
interspecific crosses, 86ff., 90ff., 97ff., 184ff., 209f., 295, 297f., between virginiana and chiloensis,126, . ananassa and chiloensis, 226
patroclinous hybrids, 91f.
at decaploid level, 103ff., 209f.
pollination, 215f.
selfing, 83, 88, 90f., 240ff., 250, 259f.
chance seedlings, 126f.
flower emasculation, 214f.
chromosome doubling, 90, 95, 97, 102f., 106f., effects, 96f., chimeral seedlings, 105f., with
colchicine, 103, for 16-ploids, 105f., 117
backcrossing, 95
inbreeding, 246f., 257f., 274, 296, 381
combining ability, 298ff.
questions Duchesne asked, 53f., on variation. 56. 73f., patterns of change, 61ff.

Ichijima, 86, 90, 98
Illinois, 236
Immutability of the species, 64ff.
Inbreeding, 246f., 257f., 274, 296, 381
"The inheritance of flower types and fertility in the strawberry," Valleau, 241
"Inheritance of sex in strawberries," Anthony, 246
"Inheritance of some characteristics in strawberry varieties," Morrow & Darrow, 247
"Inheritance of the so-called everbearing tendency in the strawberry," Clarke, 245
Inheritance maternal and paternal, 86ff., 90ff., 242
of flower types and fertility, 241
of everbearing character, 245
of sex, 246
of sterility, 251
of phenotypic characters, 299
Mendelian, 86, 88
Ink, D. P., 213
Intergeneric crosses. 96, 109, 269
Interspecific crosses, 86ff., 90ff., 97ff., 105, 114, 117, 121, 126, 184ff., 209f., 226, 259f., 295, 297ff.
"Investigations on breeding for yield in the strawberry . . ." Hondelmann, 286
Iowa, 236f., 315
Irvins, 237
Islam, A. S., 86, 94, 96f., 99f., 106
L'Italia Agricola, 292f.
Italy breeding, 293f.
industry, 291f.
varieties used, 292f.
research publications, 294

Jamin, J. L., 84
Japan breeding, 301, 303ff., Kurume Branch, 304ff.,
Okitsu Branch, 305, Morioka Branch, 305,
Kik Yogahara, 305
industry, 301f., 307ff., 355
varieties used, 302f., 308
Jardin Fruitier de Museum, Le; Decaisne & Vilmorin, 70, 84, 421f.
Johansson, E., 294
Johnson, H. A., 200
Johnston, S., 239
Joly, M., 174
Jones, J. K., 86, 94, 96
Jussieu, A. de, 32, 35
propagation of chiloensis, 35f., 61
and Bernard de Jussieu, 45
Jussieu, B. de
and Duchesne, 40, 44ff.
and Linnaeus, 45
and Louis XV, 40, 46
on plant classification, 45f., 70
on sex separation, 48

Kaiser Wilhelm Institut (now Max Planck Institut), 276
Kallio, A., 226f.
Kasuga, T., 169, 172
Katinskaja, 98, 298
Keens, M.
breeding work, 79f.
and Keens Imperial, 79
and Keens Seedling, 79f.
Keffer, C. A., 242
Keplinger, F. J., 170
Kerr, E. A., 260
Kihara, 97
King, E., 86, 94f.
Knight, J. N., 212
Knight, T., 74ff.
breeding work, 76f., 80, influence, 83
on plant physiology, 78
and The Royal Horticultural Society, 76ff.
Kobel, F., 291
Koch, A. L., 294f.
Krechen, P., 277
Kronenberg, H., 173, 200, 288, 353, 424
Krouch, E. D., 171, 254
Kuhns, J. E., 150

Lalatta, F., 200, 293
Lambertye, L., 84, 422
Larsen, E . H ., 291
Latimer, L. P., 243
Lawrence, F. J., 213, 239
Laxton, T., 7, 82f., 263
Lebedov, 98, 298
Lebreton, M., 84
Lee, V., 3, 131
Lefort, E., 84
La Gall, J., 272
Leslie, W. R., 261
Lesourd, F., 424
Lichovitzer, V. G., 297
Light. See Climate
Lilienfeld, 93, 97
Linnaeus
on species, virginiana, 23, chiloensis, 37,
moschata, 50f., viridis, 50f.
on sex separation, 48ff.
On classification, 45f., 63f.
and Duchesne, 46f., 49f., 61f., 69
and the De Jussieus, 45
and Miller, 3
Lippfert, K., 12
Literature of the strawberry. See Appendix VI
Longley, 86, 88, 90, 98
Louisiana, 237ff.
Lusby, E. D., 213

Macherauch, O., 173, 27ff
Macoun, W. T., 256
Magazine of Horticulture, 171f.
Magness, J. R., 159
Mainz Herbarius, 17
Male, E., 11
Maine, 238f.
Maney, T. J., 237
Manglesdorf, F., 86, 90f., 92, 99f.
Manitoba, 260f.
Mapuche and Hiulliche Indians, 24f., 94
Maryland, 239
Massey, W. F., 246
McGrew, J., 151, 213
Meader, E. M., 200f., 212, 217, 224, 243
Mellenthin, G., 284
Merrick, J., 380, 422
Mexico
industry, 301, 312f., 332f.
varieties used, 161, 235, 312
Michigan, 239f.
Millardet, 85f., 88, 92
Miller, J. C., 155, 157, 201, 224, 237f.
Miller, P., 36f.
on sex in strawberries, 36
on ananassa, 56, 59
on Frutillar, 74
and Linnaeus, 37
The Gardener's Dictionary, 36f.
Millet, A., 423
Minnesota, 240ff.
Mississippi, 242
Missouri, 242f.
Monographia Delle Principali Cultivar de Fragola . . . Branzanti & Baldini, 294
Montgomerie, I. G., 269
Moore, J. N., 158, 201, 212, 224, 244
Morphology of species, 108ff.
and physiology of the strawberry, 314ff.
Morrow, E. B., 157, 192, 202, 212, 217, 224, 246f.
Mortenson, 251
Moulton, J. E., 239f.
Moutot, C., 271
Mullikin, R. O., 213
Murawski, 298
Muyzenberg, E. van den, 28
Myrhe, A. D., 204, 224, 251

Natura Stirpium Libri, De, Ruellius, 17
Netherlands breeding, 188f.
industry, 186ff., 355
varieties in use, 187, everbearers, 173
Neunan, 136
New Hampshire, 243
New Jersey, 243ff.
New York, 224, 245f.
New Zealand, 301
industry, 310f.
Nicaise, 84
Ninomiya, K., 309
Non-everbearing varieties of strawberries registered in the Catalogue... 275f.
"North American Varieties o Fletcher, 121.
North Carolina, 246ff., 333
Nova Scotia, 258ff.
Nurnberg-Eruger, U., 93, 99

Oakes, W., 160, 170, 261
Olden, E. J., 294
Ontario, 260
Optt Hoog, G.Th., 289
Oregon, 123f., 224, 248f.
Ourecky, D. K., 202, 206, 245
Overcash, J. P., 242, 250

Pardee, R. G., 422
Parmalee, W., 134, 136, 190 Pelvilain, G., 84
Peterson, R. M., 241
Petrov, 98, 297
Photoperiod. See Climate
Physiology of strawberry, 314ff. Plakidas, A. G., 227
Plant Breeding Abstracts, 425
Poland
breeding, 296
industry, 295
Pollen production, 393
Pollination, 216
Polyethylene bed-covers, 232, 235, 319, 333
Polyploidy, 108, 297. See Chap. 7
induced polyploidy, 94ff., 106f., haploids, 96, triploids, 91, 96, tetraploids, 91, 93, 95ff., 99, 106, pentaploids, 93, 95, 97, hexaploids, 95, 97, 100, heptaploids, 100, octoploids, 95ff., 100ff., 117, 9-ploids, 103, decaploids, 95, 103ff., 209f., others, 106, 16-ploids, 95, 105f.
naturally generated polyploidy, triploids, 99, tetraploids, 99,
pentaploids, 99, 193, 12-ploid. 243
Popenoe, 122
Porpaczy, 296 Porter, A. J., 160, 170, 261
Potentilla, 86, 96, 108f.
Powers, L., 124, 171f., 253f., 382
Piringer, 217
Proceedings Of the Society for Horticultural Science, 425
Propagation studies, 96, 322

Quamme, H., 261

Radistion, cobalt 60, use, 60, 294
Rating systems of strawberrv qualities. See Chap. 23
numerical, 386
commercial acceptability, 386
full evaluation, 389
Reasoner, J. R., 144, 176, 180f., 190
"Recherches sur les caracteres de la vegation du Fraisier," Gay, 421
Reeves, F. S., 260
Regression analysis, 299
Reid, R., 10, 174, 202f., 263f., 267ff.
Reiter, E., 231
"Resistance to Verticilium wilt in F₁ generations. . ." Newton tr Adrichen, 259f.
Rest period, 361, 378
Revue Horticole, 425
Richardson, 86ff.
Ricketson, C. L., 260
Riehl, E. H., 147
Riffaud, J., 84
Risser, G., 274f.
Roberts, R. H., 252
Rockhill, H., 169, 176, 188ff.
Roever, W. E., 250
Rosentiel, R. C., 99
Rose Farnily, 108
Ross, A., 133
Royal Horticultural Societv aims, 76
and Banks, 76
and Keens, 79f.
and Knight, 76ff
and Wilmot, 80 Rudolf, 93
Runnerless strawberry, 66, 87f., 168, 243
Russia breeding, 296ff.
industry, 296

Saks, 298
Salter, J., 82
Sangin-Berezovsky, 297
Schiernann, E., 86, 91ff., 97f.
Schindler, O., 276f.
School of Cologne, 12
Schneider, 247
Schuster, C. E., 123, 187, 212, 224, 248f.
Scotland, 266ff.
Scott, D. H., 203, 212f., 254
breeding, 155ff., 171, 196, 224, 234
interspecific crosses, 98
and polyploidy, pentaploids, 99f., hexaploids, 100, 9-ploids, 103ff., decaploids, 95, 103ff., 107, 209, other ploids, 106
Seedlings, 218f.
Seed-propagation, 209, 243, 257ff., 381
Selfing, 83, 88, 90f., 240ff., 250, 259f.
Sengbusch, von, 8, 10, 204f., 277f., 283ff.
Sharpless, J.K.S., 136, 190
Shipping varieties, 214, 225, 352
Shirlow, N. S., 310
Shoemaker, D. N ., 122
Shwartze, C. D., 154, 203f., 224, 251
Simmen, C., 9, 172, 271f.
Slate, G. L., 5f., 156, 158, 170, 172, 202, 205f., 224, 245f.
Slits, H. J. A., 289
Small Fruits of New York, The, Hedrick, 122, 205, 424
Smeets, L., 289
Smith, H. H., 136
Smith, M., 86, 94, 96
Smith, T., 86, 94, 96
Smolarz, K., 296
Smolyaninova, 297
Solms-Laubach, 86, 91
"Some strawberry breeding progeny data," Drain & Fister, 250
Sources of superior qualities in strawberry varieties, 390ff.
South Africa, 301, industry and breeding, 311
South Dakota, 224, 249
Spangelo, L.P.S., 206, 256f.
Species. See under Fragaria. relationships, 67, 88, 93, 98, 109, and Duchesne, 47f., 53, 62ff.
Staudt, G., 86, 93f., 95, 98, 115
"Sterility in the strawberry," Valleau, 241
"Sterility of strawberries; strawberry breeding," Curmnings & Jenkins, 251
Steyn, P.A.L., 311
Strasberger, 86f.
The Strawberry and Its Culture, Merrick, 380, 383, 422f.
"Strawberry breeding and the inheritance of certain characteristics," Overcash, et. al., 251
Strawberry Improvements, Darrow, 424
Strawberry in North America, The, Fletcher, 121f., 423
Strawberry
adaptability, 10, 314, 316f., 355ff., 360, of vesca, 112, of chiloersis, 38, 74, 94, 120, 125, of
virginiana, 125
adaptation, regional, 334, 361f., 378, 387
biennial character, 378f.
botanical illustrations, first, 17, of virginiana, 23, of chiloensis, 32, 36 breeders, early, Chap. 12, present, Chap. 13, of the world, See Appendix I breeding, by U.S.D.A., See Chap. 14, by Experiment Stations, See Chap. 15. See also separate countries; use of native species, 121ff., 133, 184f.; advances, 225, 384; enjoyment of, See Chap. 22; See also Breeding techniques.
early descriptions of, 17ff., of viridis, 19, of
moschata, 20f., of virginiana, 22ff., of chiloensis,
25f., 29ff., 34ff., 61, of ananassa, 54ff.
everbearing character, 9, 18, 65, 87f., 112,
125, 330, 360, See also Chap. 11
etymology of name, 16
freezing varieties, breeding for, 283ff.
hardening ability, 357f.
history of, 3, 10, by Duchesne, 47, by genea- logical tree, 65ff.
literary references to, 15ff.
morphology and physiology
root systems, 315ff., life of, 318f., primary, 315ff., source of, 316, 319f., secondary lateral, 315, 318, distribution, 320, development, 316, of secondary tissue, 317, depth,
316, 319, microscopic parts, 317f., symbiotic relationships, 318; plant, runners, anatomy,
329f., runner plants, 315, 320ff., 329, 335, development, 330, 361, crown, 322f., 335,
winter injury to, 322f., leaf axil, 320, 328f., 330, top growth, 320, bud, 320, 329, branch crown, 320; flower buds, 320, 328, 337, development, 320ff., rate, 334, initiation, 167f., 208f., 258, 320, 328, 344, 363, light and temperature effects, 332ff.; leaf, distribution, 323, thickness, 323f., development, 324, 328, anatomy, 326, area, 324, 335, number 327f., growing points, 328, rest period, 334; inflorescences, 328f., 330ff., types, 335f., bracts, 330, 3S5; flowers, structure, 336, types, 336f., flower set, 337, modifications, 337f., by frost damage, 345f., stamens, 338f., sterility, partial pollination, 339, pollen production, effects of climate, 339, pistils, 339ff.; achene, 339f., 346, Seeds, germination, 340f.; berry, size, 341, and irrigation, 350, effect on crop, 299, position of, 341, 349, number of Seed, 341f., development of berry, 342, period, 343, 345, effects of frost damage, 345f., auxin control, 346ff., firmness, 350ff., 386, number of berries, effect on crop, 299, shape, 348f., in different climates, 348, fasciation, 349f., desert guality, 352, of ripening berries, 352f., for processing, 283ff., 353, capping, 353, 394, vitamin C content, 24a, 298, 353f., 364, 394, flavors, 354, 364f., 382f., 386f., volatiles, 354
perpetual flowering, 96
pests. See Chap. 21; resistant varieties, 366, 390f.
aphids, 366
bud weevil, 366
crown rots, 372
fasciation, 349f., 375ff.
fruit rots, botrytis, etc., 377, breeding for resistance, 295, resistant varieties, 298, 377
leaf blight, 370
leaf mites, 366
leaf scorch, 257, 370, breeding for resistance, 237
leaf spot, 257, 370, breeding for resistance, 237
mildew, 370f., resistance, 94f., 261
nematodes, 367, 378, control, 221
red stele, 368f., breeding for resistance, 214, 244, 249, 259f., 267, 367ff., tests for resistance, 209, 218, 268f., resistant varieties, SS5, 249, 259, 264ff., 369
"running out" of strawberry varieties, 377ff.
variegation, 267, 272ff., 373ff.
verticilium wilt, 229, 236, 371f., breeding for resistance, 244, 259f., 372, resistant varieties, 372
virus, 372, 378, latent virus, 221, resistance to 366, tolerant varieties, 372, virus-free plants, 6, 2S1, 230, 232f., 274f., 373
planting seasons, 232ff., 292f.
processing, freezing, 312, 394
religious art, in, 3, 10. See also Chap. 2 runnerless, 66, 87f., 168, 243
salt tolerance, 298, 391
sexual character, 36, 41ff., 48, 51ff., 93, 381, of octoploids, 124, 336ff. sterility, 93, 241, 251, 329, 336f.
subfertility, 94
taxonomy, listings, by Duchesne, 65ff., by Staudt, 94, by Darrow, 98ff., 108ff., remarks by Duchesne, 47f., 52, 63f.
varieties, of the world, 162ff., sources of superior qualities, 390ff., improvements in, 164, 225. 383f.. introduction of new varieties, 222, American varieties, source 130; early. See Chap. 9; later. See Chap. 10; present chief varieties, 154ff., rated, 388; their parents. See Appendix IV, for processing, 161, their use abroad, 8, 265, 270f., 300, in Japan, 302f., chronology of, See Appendix II, references to. See following list:
Aberdeen, 141, 148, 150f., 369, as a parent, 244, 267, 389f.
Alamo, 251
AlbriKon, 144, 152, 156f., 164, 202, 214, 246, 351, commercial use, 131, 221f., parentage, 410
Americus, 188
Arapahoe, 170f., 214, 221, 254
Armore, 144, 152, 157, 206, 242, 387, commercial use, 131, 154, 164, parentage, 413
Aroma, 137, 153f., 250, commercial use, 131, 141, 190
Arrowhead, 241
Bellmar, 150f., 221
Big Bob, 179
Bismarok, 169
Blakemore, 150, 155, 159, 221f., 246f., 250, 288, 349, 351, 370, 372, 374, 376, 386f., commercial use, 131, 139, 143f., 153f., 161, 163, 179, 214, introduction, 222, parentage, 407
Blaze, 243
Boston Pine, 177
Brightmore, 221, 249, 288
Bubach, 137, 143, 190
Burgundy, 241
Campbell, 228
Cascade, 204, 251, 377
Catskill, 143, 156, 206, 244f., 372, 376, 390, commercial use, 131, 144, 149, 164, 252, parentage, 409
Charles Downing, 131, 134, 190, as a parent, 136
Chaska, 241
Chesapeake, 90, 150, 244
Cheyenne (Nos. 1, 2, 3), 214, 221, 253f., 261
Clark, 161
Clermont, 245
Cloud, 137, 176, 179
Columbia, 204, 251f., 377
Corvallis, 248
Crescent, 136, 190, commercial use, 8, 131, as parent, 5, 8, 144, 147
Crimson Glow, 243
Cumberland Triumph, 144
Cupertino, 228
Cyclone, 154, 237
D4 & D5 (Strawberry Institute varieties), 230
Dabreak, 143, 152, 157, 164, 197, 201, 237f., parentage, 413
Daybreak, 202, 214, 220, 246f.
Dakota, 249
Deephaven, 241
Dixieland, 144, 150, 152, 155, 351, 374 387, commercial use, 131, 151, 166ff., parentage, 409
Donner, 158, 206f., 228, commercial use, 163, 303f.
DorseKb 214, 250, 253, as source of polyploids, 103, 106
Downer's Prolific, 134, 190
Downton, 72, 77
Dunlap, 141, 144, 148, 16S, 176, 181, 370, commercial use, 131, 139f., 159f., as parent, 169, 188, 241, 261, parentage, 413
Earlibelle, 162, 220
Earlidawn, 128, 144, 152, 157, 335, 387, 389, commercial use, 131, 148f., 151, 161f., 164, parentage, 410
Early Bird, 189
Early Jersey, 212
Early Ozark, 260
Easypicker, 241
Eden, 245
Eleanor Roosevelt, 202, 214, 2S1, 246
Empire, 158, 245
Etters 450, 153
Ettersburg 80, 176, 185f., 265, 310
Ettersburg 121, 176, 186
Evermore, 241
Excelsior, 137
Fairfax, 141, 148, 152f., 186, 247, 253, 345, S53, 376, commercial use, 214, as parent, 151, 153, 244, 246, 261, parentage, 414
Fairland, 151, 201, 221
Fairmore, 150, 202, 214, 221, 246
Fairpeake, 386
Fletcher, 245
Florida Ninety, 5, 144, 148, 156, 194, 234f., 302, 333, 348, 383, commercial use, 131, 144, 161, 163f., 235f., 312, parentage, 409
Fortune, 245
Francis, 188
Fresno, 143, 153, 159, 193, 228, 367, 390, 406, commercial use, 233, parentage, 416
Frontenac, 245
Fulton, 245
Gandy, 137, 190, 244
Gem, 144, 170f., 253
Geneva, 170, 172, 198, 245
Glen Mary, 150
Goldsmith (Z5A), 143, 152f., 158, 164, 207, 230, 406, parentage, 414
Great Bay, 243
Haverland, 137, 190
Headliner, 152, 155, 197, 201, 237f., commercial use, 131, 143f., 163, parentage, 408
Hoffman, 136, 190, as parent, 143f.
Hovey, 133, 175, 177ff., commercial use, 130ff., 138, 182, as parent, 5, 131, 134, 143
Howard 17 (Premier), 4f., 8, 147ff., 176, 181, 183, 224, 288, 332, 370, 372, 376, 387, 390, commercial use, 131, 139, 144ff., 160, 252, as parent, 148f., 153, 240, 244ff., 261, 304, 406. See Appendix III, parentage, 411
Howard Supreme, 153, 182
Hudson Bay, 133, 177
Iowa, 188
Jamboree, 243
Jerseybelle, 157, 164, 197, 243f., 387, commercial use, 131, 151, parentage, 411.
Joe, 190
Julymom, 243
June Rockhill, 189
Kentucky, 190
Klondike, 139, 143, 148, 162f., 179f., 250, 348, 376, commercial use, 151, 161, 207, 231, 237f., 312, parentage, 415
Klonmore, 144, 150, 152, 157, 201, 237, commercial use, 131, 143, 161, as parent, 5, parentage, 413
Konvoy, 201, 238
Lady Thompson, 137, 190
Large Early Scarlet, 131, 133, 134f.
Lassen, 14Sf., 156, 206ff., 2a8, 390, 406, commercial use, 131, 153, 230ff., parentage, 409
Late Jersey, 212
Late Stevens, 150
Little Scarlet, 134
Louise, 256
Lulu, 179
Lupton, 244
Maine 55, 239
Marion Bell, 201, 238
Marshall, 141ff., 148, 155, 190, 220, 224, 352, 369, 372, 387, commercial use, 131, 138, 143, 159, 161, 163, 207, Bl3f., 230ff., 248, 252, as parent, 4, 143, 406, parentage, 409
Massey, 152, 202, 214, 221f., 246, 310, 376
Mastodon, 169f.
Maytime, 202
McClintock, 249
Merrimack, 243
Michel, 137
Midland, 158, 201, 386f., commercial use, 131, 148f., 310, 335, parentage, 415
Midway, 156, 164, 221, 387
Minnehaha, 241
Minnesota, 241
Missionary, lS8, 144, 16S, 190, 247, 250, 333, 349, 376, 387, commercial use, 131, 139, 144, 179, 22a, as parent, 5, 144, 148, 151, 234f.
Molalla, lS4, 249, 377
Narcissa, 214, 220 Neunan, 131, 134
New Jersey Scarlet, 131, 134f., 176, 188, as parent, 136
Nich Ohmer, 4, 141, 153, 390, 406, commercial use, 230ff.
Nokomis, 241
Northerner, 261
Northstar, 154, 220
Northwest, 143f., 152, 154f., 204, 251f., commercial use, 141, 161ff., 248, 259, parentage, 407
Ogallala, 124, 144, 170, 172, 214, 221, 254
Old Scarlet, 134, 179
Oregon Everbearing, 169
Ozark Beauty, 144, 168, 170f., 198
Pan American, 169, 188
Pathfinder, 151, 194, 243f.
Pearl, 244
Phelps, 243
Pickerproof, 143, 179
Plentiful, 236
Pocahontas, 144, 152, 156, 387, commercial use, 131, 148, 149ff., 161f., 164, 270, 292, parentage, 410
Premier, 147f.
President Wilder, 143, 175f., 179
Progressive, 144, 169, 188f., parentage, 416
Puget Beauty, 204, 248, 251, 259
Radiance, 170, 214, 221, 254
Ranger, 251
Redcrop, 243f.
Redheart, 214, 220, 270
Red Rich, 144, 170ff., 198, as parent, 261
Redstar, 158, 386, parentage, 415
Redwing, 243
Riogrande, 251
Robinson, 130, 143, 15B, 224, 252, 370, commercial use, 131, 148, 163, parentage, 407
Rockhill, 144, 169, 171, 188ff., 261
Rose Ettersburg, 184, 186
Ross Phoenix, 131, 133f.
Sharpless, 136, 190, commercial use, 84, 131, 137, 271, as parent, 82, 270
Shasta, 143, 155, 206f., 228, 348, 390, 406, commercial use, 131, 141, 153, 161, 163, 230ff., parentage, 408
Sierra, 206, 228, 372
Siletz, 132, 143, 152, 157, 248f., 367, 37S, as parent, 270, parentage, 412
Sioux, 214, 221, 254
Sitka 275, 226, 261
Solana, 143, 153, 159, 193, 207, 228, 377, 390, 406, commercial use, 161, 233, 312, parentage 415
Southland, 186, 214, 219f., 246
Sparkle, 151, 156, 194f., 243f., 332, 376, 390, commercial use, 131, 144, 148, 150f., 162ff., 239, as parent, 246, 270, parentage,409
Standpat, 188
Starbright, 154, 220
Strafford, 243
Streamliner, 170
Sunrise, 162, 220
Superb, 169
Surecrop, 144, 152, 157, 164, 221, 244, parentage, 413
Suwannee, 5, 151, 153, 159, 353, 383, 387, as parent, 5
Tahoe, 206f., 228
Temple, 151, 201, 221, 288, as parent, 305
Tennessean, 249
TennesSee Beauty, 144, 150, 155, 199, 408, commercial use, 131, 154, 162, 249f.
TennesSee Shipper, 158, 199, 249f., 386f., as parent, 240
TennesSee Supreme, 249
Tioga, 143, 153, 159, 162, 164, 193, 228, 390, 406, parentage, 416
Torrey, 143, 153, 159, 193, 228, 233, 367, 390, 406, parentage, 416
Trebla, 185ff.
Twentieth Century, 144, 170, 172
Vermilion, 236, 244
Vesper, 158, 243f., 389
Warfield, 137, 190
Wilson, 134, 136, 187, commercial use, 130ff., 137f., 179, 182, 235
Wiltguard, 193
Wisconsin 537, 150, 152, 214, 252
Wisconsin Queen, 252
Foreign varieties. See breeding work under various countries, their uses in the U.S., 8, 122, 131f., in Japan, 302f., references to. See following list:
Abundance, 174, 294
Acadia, 162, 192, 259
Ada Herzberg, 173, 282, parentage, 418
Admiral Dundas, 81
Agassiz, 160, 259
Alpine Riigen, 173
Amazone, 276
Ambato, 131ff., 319, 352, 355, as parent, 132
Asieta, 277, 282, parentage, 418
Auchincruive Climax, 174, 203, 263ff., 267, 310, 374
Baron Solemacher, 166, 173
Bien Donne (Nos. 1,2,3), 311
Belle de Meaux, 166
Benizuru, 304, 306
Bicton Pine, 82
Bifou, 173
Black Prince, 7, 82, 134, commercial use, 263 Bountiful, 310
Brilliant, 166
British Pine, 8
British Queen, 81f., 178, commercial use, 263, as parent, 84, 271
British Sovereign, 159f., 259
Cambridge Favorite, 164, 264f., 270ff., 311
Cambridge Prizewinner, 264f.
Cambridge Rival, 265f.
Cambridge Vigour, 264f., 270, 287, 310
Captain Cook, 311
Carolina Strawberry, 59, 68
Cavalier, 160, 256f.
Chikushi, 304, 306
Chilean, 131, 138, See Chap. 4, as parent, 132f.
Chiyoda, 192, 303f., 306
Citation, 162
Colonel Cheney, 136
Comte de Paris, 84
Deutsch Evern, 275f., 280f., 290, 332, parentage, 418
Direktor Paul Wallbaum, 277, 281, parentage, 417
Docteur Morere, 84, 302, as parent, 270
Dr. Hogg, 82, 263
Dr. Nicaise, 84
Double Scarlet, 56f.
Duc de Malakoff, 84, 383
Dybdahl, 291
Early Cambridge, 174, 264f
Edouard Lefort, 84
Eleanor, 81
Elista, 173, 288
Eliza, 383
Elton, 72, 77, 83
Excelsior, 82
Eva Macherauch, 277, parentage, 419
"Everbearing," 311
Fertilité, 272
Filbert Pine, 81
Frau Mieze Schindler, 277, 281, 297, parentage, 418
Freja, 291
Frith, 203, 267
Fukuba, 164, 302, 306
Fujisaki, 305
Geant Simmen, 172
General Chanzy, 84, 302
Général de Gaulle, 272
Georg Soltwedel, 276, 281, as parent, 297, parentage, 417
Glasa, 245, 287
Glenheart, 170, 261
Glenmore, 261
Gorella, 287f., 353
Grenadier, 160f., 256
Guardsman, 160f., 256f.
Hansa, 277, 281f., parentage, 418
Herbsfreude, 276
Hercule, 272
Herzberg's Triumph, 173, parentage, 418
Hohenzollern, 276
Hokowase, 303
Holei, 305
Hummi Trisca, 173, 282, parentage, 418
Indra, 294
l'Inepuisable, 172
Johannes Muller, 276
John Ruskin, 266
Jubilee, 160, 170, 261
Jucunda, 8, 82, 288, 353, commercial use, 163, 263, 270, as parent, 136
Juspa, 288, 353
Katai, 296
Keen's See&g, 79, commercial use, 72, 79f., 83, 177, 263, as parent, 5, 7, 84, 131
Keen's Imperial, 7, 79, commercial use, 79, as parent, 79, 131, 133
Kendall, 310
King of the Earlies, 82
Kogyoku, 206, 303
Komsomolka, 296
König Albert von Sachsen, 276
Königin Luise, 276
Koro, 305
Krasavitsa Zagorya, 296f.
La Constante, 122
Ladette. 272
Leone III, 172
Liberation d'Orleans, 174
Lihama, 277, 282, parentage, 418
Louis Gauthier, 84, 172, as parent, 122
Lucas, 383
Mabille, 172
Macherauch's Dauerernte, 173, 277, 282, parentage, 418
Macherauch's Frühernte, 277, 280f., parentage, 417
Macherauch's Marieva, 277, 282, parentage, 418
Macherauch's Späternte, 277, 282, parentage, 418
Madame Lefebre, 277
Madame Moutot, 8, 163, 271, 273f., 277, 279, 288, 290, 292f.
Madame Poincare, 172, 272
Magiostrina de Milano, 292f.
Magoon, 159f.
Majestic, 310
Marguerite, 84, commercial use, 271, 311
Markee, 283
"Marshall" (America), 303
Mathilde, 276
Maujaufe de Champagne (F. dubia), 68
Melba, 311
Merton Princess, 265
Merveille de France, 172
Methven Scarlet, 131, 133, as parent, 5, 133, 177f.
Monstrueuse Caennaise, 166
Muscade, 272
Mysovka, 296f.
Noble, 82, commercial use, 84, 263, 271
Oberschlesien, 269, 276, 280f., 369, parentage, 417
Old Black, 77
Oranda, 288
Osterfee, 276
Panther, 276
Parkland, 170, 261
Paxton, 159f.
Perle de Prague, 269, 369
Phenomenal, 310
Pillnitz, 269
Pineapple, 83f.
Pitmaston Black, 81
Podmostovnaja, 298
Podnyaya Zagorya, 269f.
Précoce Musquée, 272
Princess Royale, 84
Prinz Julius Ernst, 277, parentage, 419
Profumata di Tortona, 292f.
Profusion, 173
Purpuratka, 163, 295, 298
Quoimio de Bath, 57, 68
Quoimio de Cantorberi, 59
Quoimio de Clagny, 59, 68
Quoimio de Haarlem, 57, 59, 68
Recorde, 172f., 272
Recoat, 160, 163f., 256f.
Redgauntlet, 164, 174. 203, 265ff., 270, 287, 310f.
Regal, 272
Regina, 270, 277, 280f., 417
Regina de Verona, 292f.
Reine de Précoce, 272
Reine des Vallies, 166
Repita, 173, 288
Revada, 173, 287f.
Richmond Red, 310
Robert Lefort, 172
Roi Henri, 172
Roter Elefant, 276
Royal Sovereign, 82, 263f., commercial use, 303, as parent, 4, 7f., 207f., 406
Rubin, 291
St. Antoine de Padoue, 172
St. Claude, 173
Saint Jean, 178, 272
St. Joseph, 172
Sans Rivale, 172f., 272f.
Scarlet Strawberry, 73f., 131
Senga (Nos. 29, 54, 145, 146, 188, 242), parentage, 419
Senga Gigana, 164, 274, 277, 282, 284, parentage, 419
Senga Précosa, 275, 277, 280, 284, 291, parentage, 417
Senga Sengana, 8, 82, 284, commercial use, 162ff., 271, 277, 280, 287, 290ff., 294, parentage, 417
Shunko No. 1, 305
Sieger, 276, 281, parentage, 418
Silva, 294
Sir Joseph Paxton, 82, 263
Souvenir de Charles Machiroux, 163, 290, 292f.
Spangsberg 5, 291
Sparta, 160, 170, 261
Spate von Leopodshall, 277, parentage, 419
Stella, 294
Suprise des Halles, 163, 271ff., 274f., 290f.
Takane, 305
Talisman, 164, 174, 203, 265ff., 270ff., 294, 311
Tashkent, 371
Tamplar, 203, 268
Triomphe de Tihange, 172, 290
Valentine, 160, 260, 295, 377
Vandyke, 260
Vanguard, 260
Vanrouge, 260
Vicomtesse Hericart de Thury, 82, 84
Victorie of Mallichon, 174
Vigerla, 277, 282, parentage, 419
Ville de Caen, 271
Ville de Paris, 272
Wadenswil 6, 290f.
Wadenswil 7, 290f.
Washington, 124
White Pineapple, 383, as parent, 122, 297
Wlimot's Superb Strawberry, 80
Xenion, 291
Yachiyo, 192, 303f., 306
Ydun, 291
Zarathustra, 276
Zefyr, 291
wild North American, 3, possible values of use in breeding, 122, 253f., 256, hybrids with cultivated varieties, 126f., 253f., interfertility with octoploid species, 123f., responses to light and temperature, 167, chromosomes, 9, questions about, 382
Strobel, J. W., 236
Strong, W. J., 260
"Studies in strawberry bud differentiation," Hill & Davis, 258
"Studies on some factors relating to hardiness in the strawberry," Angelo, et. al., 242
Sturtevant's Notes on Edible Plants, ed. by Hedrick, 423f.
Sutherland, A. M., 267
Swartwout, H. G., 157, 206, 224, 242
Sweden, industry and breeding, 292f.
Switzerland, industry and breeding, 290f.
Szilagyi, 296

Tamari, K., 206, 303
Tamotsu, H., 305
Taxonomy, and Duchesne, 47f., 52, 63f.; and species, 108ff.; listings, 98ff., 108ff.
Temperature. See Climate TennesSee, 249ff.
Texas, 251
Thomas, H., 4, 155f., 158, 197, 206f., 224, 227f., 230
Thompson, 190
Thusen, A., 291
Tunnel Culture. See Japan, industry
Two-crop varieties, 173f.

University of Manchester, 86, 94ff., 199
Ure, C. R., 261
United States Department of Agriculture. See Chap. 14
breeding, 88, first work, 224, methods, 215ff., objectives, 213f., 222, 367, results, 220f., introduction of new varieties, 222
for breeders. See Chap. 13
present staff, 213
cooperative work. See Oregon, North Carolina, Maryland, Illinois, Wyoming collections of Fragaria species, 122
use of wild species. 122

Valleau, W. D., 240f.
Van Fleet, 211f.
Variability, 109, 286, 296, S56
Varney, E. H., 244
Vega, G., de la, 25
Vermont, 251
Verticilium wilt, 229, 236, 371f., breeding for resistance, 244, 259f., 372, resistant varieties, 372
Viehmeyer, G., 172
Vilmorin, 70, 84, 95, 421f.
Virus, 372, 378, latent, 221, resistance to, 366, tolerant varieties, 372, virus-free plants, 6, 222, 230, 232f., 274f., 373
Vitamin C content, of berries, 242, 298, 353f., 364
Voer, G., 169
Voth, V., 159, 193, 207f., 224, 227ff.

Waldo, G. F., 157ff., 187, 208f., 213, 248f.
use of chiloensis, 123, 208
use of ovalis, 124, 208
and U.S.D.A., 212, 224
red stele test, 218
Wallace, H., Chap. 1, 198, 209f.
Warfield, 190
Washington, 251f.
Wassenaar, L. M., 288
Watson, J. P., 202, 206, 210, 224, 245
Watkins, R., 256
Wilcox, A. N., 240, 242
Wight, W. F., 122
Wilder, M. P.. 175f., 178f.
Williams, D. D. F., 261
Williams, H., 265f.
Williams, J., 80f.
Wills, A. B., 269
Wilmot, J., 7, 80
Wilson, J., 7f., 134, 136, 176, 187f.
Winn, J. B., 171
Wisconsin, 252
Wyoming, 123, 253f.

Yarnell, 86, 91, 99f.
Yeager, A. F., 123, 201