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Table of Contents Chapter 1 - Problems of Adaptation to a Terrestrial Environment Perspective Structural adaptations Preview of subsequent chapters Bibliography Chapter 2 - General Aspects of Plant Structure and Development Perspective: origin of multicellularity Some aspects of the shoot system of the vascular plant Apical meristems Primary tissue regions of the stem and root Vascular bundle types Secondary growth Cells of the xylem Cells of the phloem Bibliography Chapter 3 - The Protoplast of the Eukaryotic Cell Perspective Morphology of the protoplast Movement of organelles in the protoplast Ergastic substances Bibliography Chapter 4 - Structure and Development of the Cell Wall Perspective Structure and composition of the cell wall Growth of the cell wall Cell wall development Plasmodesmata Bibliography Chapter 5 - Meristems of the Shoot and their Role in Plant Growth and Development Perspective Apical meristems Formation of leaf primordia Transitional tissue regions Intercalary meristems The primary peripheral thickening meristem of monocotyledons Cell growth and development The effect of hormones on cell growth and development Genetics and cell growth The cytoskeleton and cell growth Cell shaping by microtubules Bibliography Chapter 6 - Morphology and Development of the Primary Vascular System of the Stem Perspective Cellular composition and patterns of development of primary xylem Cellular composition and patterns of development of primary phloem Differentiation of primary vascular tissues The role of auxin in the development of the primary vascular system Bibliography Chapter 7 - Sympodial Systems and Patterns of Nodal Anatomy Perspective: leaf traces Nodal structure of pteridophytes Sympodial systems in seed plants Leaf trace lacunae The cauline vs foliar nature of vascular bundles in the eustele Phyllotaxy Bibliography Chapter 8 - The Epidermis Perspective Epidermis of the shoot Epidermis of the Root Stomata The mechanism of movement in guard cells Development of stomata Bibliography Chapter 9 - The Origin of Secondary Tissue Systems and the Effect of their Formation on the Primary Body in seed Plants Perspective: role of the vascular cambium The effect of secondary growth on the primary body The effect of secondary growth on leaf and branch traces Bibliography Chapter 10 - The Vascular Cambium: Structure and Function Perspective Structure of the vascular cambium General overview of cambial activity Plant hormones and cambial activity Submicroscopic structure of cambial initials The onset of dormancy and the reactivation of the dormant cambium Cytokinesis in fusiform initials The problem of differential growth of cambial cells and immature cambial derivatives Bibliography Chapter 11- Secondary Xylem Perspective Overview of the structure of secondary xylem Secondary xylem of gymnosperms Resin ducts Secondary xylem of dicotyledons Differentiation of tracheary elements Patterns of distribution of xylary elements and rays Tyloses Mechanism of water transport Bibliography Chapter 12 - The Phloem Perspective: Evolution of the phloem Gross structure and development of the phloem The nature and development of the cell wall of sieve elements Role of the cytoskeleton in wall development The nature and development of the protoplast of sieve elements Nature and function of P-protein Distinctive features of the phloem of gymnosperms The nature and function of companion cells and Strasburger cells The mechanism of transport in the phloem Bibliography Chapter 13 - Periderm, Rhytidome, and the Nature of Bark Perspective Periderm: structure and development Formation of rhytidome Lenticels The outer protective layer of monocotyledons Bibliography Chapter 14 - Unusual Features of Structure and Development in Stems and Roots Perspective Primary peripheral thickening meristem Secondary growth in monocotyledons Anomalous stem and root structure Bibliography Chapter 15 - Secretion in Plants Perspective Substances secreted by plants Mechanisms of secretion Internal secretory structures External secretory structures Bibliography Chapter 16 - The Root Perspective: Evolution of the root Gross morphology Contractile roots and other highly specialized root systems Apical meristems The quiescent center and its role in development Primary tissues and tissue regions Lateral transport of water and minerals in the young root Development of primary tissues Auxin and tissue patterning Lateral root development Adventitious roots Secondary growth The root cap: its function and role in gravitropism Mycorrhyzae Nitrogen fixation in root nodules Root-stem transition Bibliography Chapter 17 - The Leaf Perspective: evolution of the leaf Basic leaf structure Leaf development Role of the cytoskeletin in leaf development Variation in leaf form, structure and arrangement Structure in relation to function Photosynthesis and assimilate loading Leaf structure of C3 and C4 plants Supporting structures in leaves Transfusion tissue in conifers Leaf Abscission Bibliography Chapter 18 - Plant Reproduction and the Origin of the Sporophyte Perespective: the plant life cycle Reproduction in gymnosperms Reproduction in angiosperms Development of the seed in angiosperms Development and distribution of fruits Seed germination and development of the seedling Floral morphogenesis Pollen/pistil interactions Self incompatibility Role of the cytoskeleton in pollen tube growth Bibliography Glossary Index
Library of Congress Subject Headings for this publication:
Plant anatomy.
Plants -- Development.