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1. Hierarchy and Community at Home and Abroad: Evidence of a Common Structure of Domestic and Foreign Policy Beliefs in American Elites (EJ808173)
Author(s):
Rathbun, Brian C.
Source:
Journal of Conflict Resolution, v51 n3 p379-407 2007
Pub Date:
2007-00-00
Pub Type(s):
Journal Articles; Reports - Evaluative
Peer-Reviewed:
Yes
Descriptors: Factor Analysis; Values; Foreign Policy; Beliefs; Advantaged; Political Attitudes; Community; Civil Rights; Power Structure; Military Service
Abstract: Although there is increasing evidence of a relationship between domestic and foreign policy attitudes among American elites, we have less of an idea about why these sets of attitudes cohere. The answer lies in a better understanding of what we mean when we talk about "left" and "right" or "liberal" and "conservative." Drawing on the literature on rights theory, partisan cleavages, and ideological continua, I posit the existence of two core values, hierarchy and community, that should manifest themselves both at home and abroad. I perform a principal components analysis on data capturing both the domestic and foreign policy attitudes of American elites. The results indicate an almost identical structure of attitudes in both domains, indicating that it is generally inappropriate to distinguish between the two. Using factor scores in a series of logistic regressions, I demonstrate that support for community is most important for predicting support for humanitarian military operations, while hierarchy and community both help determine positions on strategic missions. (Contains 3 tables, 1 figure, and 6 notes.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
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2. Iraq Deployments Being Felt in the Schools (EJ759462)
Samuels, Christina A.
Education Week, v24 n28 p1, 17 Mar 2005
2005-03-23
Journal Articles; Reports - Descriptive
No
Descriptors: Employees; Military Service; Boards of Education; Labor Turnover; Teacher Supply and Demand; Employment Patterns; Personnel Needs; Employment Projections; National Organizations; Military Personnel; Teacher Shortage; School Districts; Tenure
Abstract: Two years after the United States began its military operations in Iraq, U.S. elementary and secondary schools are among the organizations that still must cope with the loss of employees to military service. This article reports on a number of concerns among districts and schools as the U.S. military operations continue for the foreseeable future. Districts must hire substitutes for staff members who have been deployed. They are also faced with reintegrating administrators and teachers into a school system after they have been gone for months or more. Districts also have faced peculiarities related to tenure issues, stemming from when employees leave on long deployments or for multiple deployments. For many schools, dealing with such situations is becoming, if not routine, then expected. Since they tend to be relatively large organizations, school districts are in a better position than many employers to absorb the loss of personnel. And despite whatever headaches the departures might cause, administrators have been quick to say how proud they are of their employees who serve. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
3. A Call to Action for National Foreign Language Capabilities (ED489119)
N/A
US Department of Defense
2005-02-01
Reports - Descriptive
Descriptors: Second Languages; Terrorism; Quality of Life; International Relations; Second Language Learning; Language Proficiency; Cultural Awareness; Heritage Education; Public Policy; Second Language Instruction
Abstract: The terrorist attacks of September 11th, the Global War on Terrorism, and the continued threat to the Homeland have defined the critical need to take action to improve the foreign language and cultural capabilities of the Nation. The government must act now to improve the gathering and analysis of information, advance international diplomacy, and support military operations. They must act to retain the global market leadership and succeed against increasingly sophisticated competitors whose workforces possess potent combinations of professional skills, knowledge of other cultures, and multiple language proficiencies. The domestic well-being demands action to provide opportunities for all students to learn foreign languages important for the Nation, develop the capabilities of their heritage communities, and ensure services that are core to the quality of life. This White Paper responds to the urgent need for a national strategy on foreign languages and cultural competency. It is the result of an unprecedented gathering of language and policy experts drawn from Federal, state, and local government; elementary, secondary and postsecondary education; heritage language communities; and the private/commercial sector. This White Paper presents recommendations designed to build the ability of Americans to operate more effectively inside and outside the country's borders in languages and cultures that are critical to the Nation?s future. The time for deliberation on this subject has passed. Now is the time for action. A new vision must be realized. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
ERIC Full Text (189K)
4. Distributed Interactive Intelligent Tutoring Simulation. (ED416319)
Leddo, John; Kolodziej, James
1997-12-00
Reports - General; Speeches/Meeting Papers
Descriptors: Adult Education; Computer Managed Instruction; Distance Education; Educational Development; Educational Technology; Individualized Instruction; Intelligent Tutoring Systems; Interactive Video; Military Personnel; Military Training; Programmed Tutoring; Technological Advancement
Abstract: A Distributed Interactive Intelligent Tutoring Simulation (DIITS) has been developed to train Army Infantry squad and fire team leaders skills to perform military operations cooperatively in urban terrain. It integrates distributed interactive simulation (DIS) and intelligent tutoring systems (ITSs) and thus capitalizes on the strengths of both: the ability to conduct large-scale team exercises while providing each trainee with personalized instruction. The simulation-based intelligent tutoring system developed has three components: the simulator that allows a trainee to assume the role of a fire team leader and direct a four-man fire team in the task of clearing a building; the intelligent tutor that assesses the trainee actions in the simulator, determines whether corrective instruction is needed, and directs the simulator to provide such instruction; and the generic integrated knowledge structure (INKS) that serves as the expert problem solving model. A distributed interactive intelligent tutoring simulation (DIITS) has been created by integrated the approaches offered by the ITS and simulation communities, an enhanced paradigm of realistic DIS scenarios, coupled with the instructional benefits of ITS technology. Another demonstration completely reused the project technology and even enhanced it (knowledge was added to the INKS), with the exception of the virtual simulator. It included a scenario editor that allows users to enter their own scenarios. (YLB) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
ERIC Full Text (274K)
5. The Virtual Schoolhouse. (ED416316)
Abstract: Significant changes in military training are resulting from pressures to cut costs and move training from the schoolhouse to the field so it can be delivered "just in time" and be more responsive to individual unit training needs. Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) allows multiple trainees to interact in real time on a common training problem. Intelligent tutoring systems (ITSs) provide instruction on a one-to-one basis. Integrating DIS and ITS technologies offers the opportunity to capitalize on their strengths: the ability to conduct large-scale team exercises while providing each trainee with personalized instruction. A Distributed Interactive Intelligent Tutoring Simulation (DIITS) has been developed to train Army Infantry squad and fire team leaders in the skills to perform military operations cooperatively in urban terrain. The intelligent tutoring system technology allows trainees to receive feedback and remediation regardless of whether a human instructor is present. The technology has the flexibility to be used "on demand" by trainees, not just when scheduled by instructors. The DIITS includes intelligent agent technology to play the role of scenario agents when a human is not available to fill in and gives it added power for use for training any number of trainees. A scenario editor allows users to develop training scenarios and increases the customizability of the technology. The technology is generic and modular to support extension and reuse as training requirements evolve. (YLB) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
ERIC Full Text (323K)
6. The Press and the Pentagon. Study Guide. Episode #824. America's Defense Monitor, Educational TV for the Classroom. (ED390765)
Edwards, B. T.
1995-02-00
Guides - Classroom - Teacher
Descriptors: Censorship; Freedom; Higher Education; Information Dissemination; Information Policy; Mass Media; Mass Media Effects; Mass Media Role; Military Organizations; Military Service; National Defense; National Security; Press Opinion; Secondary Education; Social Studies; World Affairs
Abstract: This program examines the changing relationship between the military and the press. In this episode leading journalists and military public affairs officials debate uses of censorship, access to the battlefield, and the impact of live television on military operations. The study guide offers questions to use before viewing the video, questions to follow the video, classroom activities to focus student thinking on the problem, topics for further research, and a list of eight resources. (EH) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
ERIC Full Text (252K)
7. Lifting the Veil of Military Secrecy. Study Guide. Episode #723. America's Defense Monitor, Educational TV for the Classroom. (ED390768)
Rizzo, Claudia
1994-02-00
Descriptors: Freedom; Higher Education; Information Policy; International Relations; Military Organizations; Military Service; National Defense; National Programs; National Security; Secondary Education; Social Studies; War; World Affairs
Abstract: This program examines the pros and cons of military secrecy in the absence of significant enemies. The United States is still buying weapons and conducting military operations under a veil of secrecy established during the Cold War. Many would argue such secrecy is unnecessary in light of recent world developments. The study guide offers questions to use before viewing the video, questions to follow the video, classroom activities to focus student thinking on the problem, topics for further research and a list of six resources. (EH) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
ERIC Full Text (273K)
8. Service and Joint Training: Lessons Learned from Recent Conflicts. Hearing before the Military Forces and Personnel Subcommittee of the Committee on Armed Services. House of Representatives, One Hundred Third Congress, Second Session. (ED375327)
1994-03-10
Legal/Legislative/Regulatory Materials
Descriptors: Armed Forces; Educational Improvement; Educational Needs; Educational Trends; Military Personnel; Military Training; On the Job Training; Training Methods
Abstract: This document contains the oral and written statements of persons whose testimony was presented before a Congressional hearing on training lessons learned from recent military conflicts. Principal witness was Mark E. Gebicke, Director of Military Operations and Capabilities Issues, National Security and International Affairs Division, U.S. General Accounting Office. The testimony stated the following: (1) training of Active Duty forces is a never-ending process; (2) joint training and operations are receiving increasing emphasis; (3) simulation technology offers significant new ways to enhance training; (4) determining the right amount to spend on training is much more complex than it seems; and (5) training of Reserve component combat forces, particularly in the Army, poses a much greater challenge than the training of Active Duty forces. All of these issues are interrelated. (KC) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
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9. An American Laboratory: Population Growth and Environmental Quality in California. (EJ463128)
McConnell, Robert
Focus, v3 n1 p24-34 1993
1993-00-00
Information Analyses; Opinion Papers; Journal Articles
Descriptors: Agriculture; Air Pollution; Conservation (Environment); Ecological Factors; Economic Factors; Environmental Education; Industrialization; Natural Resources; Overpopulation; Pollution; Population Growth; Social Problems; Transportation; Water; Water Quality; Water Resources
Abstract: Describes the cumulative impact of rapid population growth, industrial and military activity, agriculture, and motor vehicles on California's environmental and social fabric. Discusses these problems in California as a forecast for the nation and test to consensus-based U.S. representative government. (Author/ MCO)
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10. Strategy in the Vietnam War: Western Concepts, Eastern Conflict and the Roots of Failure. (EJ411126)
Weland, James
New England Journal of History, v47 n1 p8-22 Spr 1990
1990-00-00
Journal Articles; Information Analyses
Descriptors: Armed Forces; Ethnocentrism; History Instruction; Military Personnel; Military Science; United States History; Vietnam War; Vietnamese People; War
Abstract: Critiques U.S. military assumptions concerning the war in Vietnam. Discusses the North Vietnamese strategic approach to gaining control of South Vietnam. Traces the history of the Vietnam War, analyzing specific U.S. military operations in Vietnam and reasons for their failure. Contends that U.S. strategic ethnocentrism lead to defeat in Vietnam. (RW) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
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