Appendix D: Model Code Organizations:Services and Resources Offered 102 Appendix D Model Code Organizations: Services and Resources Offered variety of building and construction Building Officials and professionals. Code Administrators International,Inc. (BOCA) Goals and Objectives BOCA's primary activities are the History publication of the national codes and the provision of technical, Building Officials and Code Admin- educational, and informational istrators International, Inc., was services relating to all specialty areas founded in 1915 to provide a forum of code administration and enforce- for the exchange of knowledge and ment. ideas concerning building safety and construction regulation. Their Membership resulting code, the BOCA National Building Code, was first published in Membership in BOCA is available to 1950. BOCA is a not-for-profit a wide variety of government service organization dedicated to officials and building industry professional code administration professionals. There are thirteen and enforcement for the protection classifications of members; however, of public health, safety, and welfare. the primary memberships pertain to BOCA is the nation's oldest profes- governmental and individual units. sional association for construction Membership services include code code officials and currently serves a interpretations and code change membership that includes both publications in addition to other public administrators and a wide services and publications. Active membership (governmental) is open to governmental units, C~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - 4-C *CU U C departments, or bureaus that administer, formulate, or enforce The three model code organizations offer publications, seminars, and videos laws, ordinances, rules, or regula- on seismic codes and seismic design. For more information, contact the tions relating to construction, fire model code organizations listed in this appendix. safety, property maintenance, Seminars development, or land use. Dues for * Earthquake Design Requirements, BOCA active members are: in communities e Earthquake Regulations, ICBO with populations 50,000 and fewer, * Design of Concrete Buildings for Earthquakes and Wind Forces, ICBO $120; 50,001 to 150,000, $180; and * Seismic Training Program for Building Officials, SBCCl more than 150,000, $240. Publications Associate membership (individual) e Commentary to the 1993 BOCA National Building Code provides an in- is open to an employee or represen- depth explanation of the seismic provisions, BOCA tative of an active member or a * Design of Concrete Buildings for Earthquake and Wind Forces, ICBO student. Dues are $25. o Recommended Lateral Force Requirements and Commentary 1990 (SEAOC Blue Book), ICBO Other membership categories for * Commentary on Appendix Chapter 1 of the UBC-ICBO Training Manual, professionals, companies, and ICBO individuals range from dues of $20 * Seismic Training for Building Officials, SBCCI to $400. Educational Services * All three code organizations assist in conducting seminars, workshops, and short courses on code content, enforcement, and administration. I03 Model Code Organizations:Services and Resources Offered What Happens When One joins BOCA? The first step in joining is to call and request a membership form. A new member adopting the code for the first time can request that a BOCA staff member visit his or her site and assist in establishing the program. Advice is offered on a limited basis. The additional costs for new mem- ber assistance in code adoption depends on the size of community of the new member, the member's BOCA's kendquarfers ofice is located in jurisdiction, and the activities being Cotintry Club Hills, Illinois (photo: conducted by BOCA staff. The new BOCA) member may need to hire BOCA to evaluate and establish code formats and procedures if extensive help is Headquarters BOCA Evaluation Services, Inc. needed. Many new members simply 4051 West Flossmoor Road Code interpretations are available to Country Club Hills, IL 60478-5795 take the code book and follow its BOCA members at no charge. tel: 708-799-2300 recommendations with limited fax: 708-799-4981 assistance from BOCA. Al B O C A l Professional Development email: member@bocai.org Ncrfional Codes have sample adoption Services http://www.bocai.org ordinances printed in the front of BOCA seminars and correspondence the code book. Publications Order Department: courses are available at reduced ext. 242 or 248 member prices. Programs address Certification Secretary: ext. 334 Code DevelopmentlAmendment building, mechanical, plumbing, Plan Review Fax: 708-799-0310 Process and electrical inspection; fire pre- Each of the B O C A Nntionnl Codes is vention; plan review; and a wide Regional Offices updated and republished every variety of specialized seminar BOCA has four regional offices that three years. The B O C A Nntionnl complement the organization's topics. Codes are amended through a headquarters in making responsive BOCA's Professional Develop- model building code services democratic public hearing and ment Services Department strives to available to all members across a revision procedure that allows all promote effective code enforcement far-reaching geographic area. interested parties the opportunity to by fostering the education and both propose changes to code professional development of code 1245 S. Sunbury Rd., Suite 100 provisions and argue the change users. The department pursues Westerville, OH 43081-9308 proposals. Change proposals are ongoing development of a compre- tel: 614-890-1064 voted on at the organization's fax: 614-890-9712 hensive curriculum based on the conference. This procedure B O C A Nntionnl Codes and related guarantees the inclusion of techno- T o m e Centre Complex documents, emphasizing respon- logical advances and current knowl- 10830 East 45th Street, Suite 200 siveness to the needs of local, state, Tulsa, OK 74146-3809 edge in the codes. and federal agencies. BOCA educa- tel: 918-664-4434 tional programs address the techni- fax: 918-664-4435 Technical Services cal, administrative, and legal areas One Neshaminy Interplex, Suite 201 BOCA's Technical Services Depart- of code enforcement and are avail- Trevose, PA 19053-6338 ment offers a variety of technical able for individuals with entry-level tel: 215-638-0554 services to BOCA members and to through advanced skills. BOCA's fax: 215-638-4438 building industry firms and manu- training programs and products facturers. These services include reflect modern instructional design 6 Omega Terrace plan examination, technical consul- concepts and are available in a Latham, NY 12110-1939 tations, and special studies. Product tel 518-782-1708 variety of media formats. fax: 518-783-0889 and system evaluation assistance is BOCA annually conducts ap- available through cooperation with proximately 300 days of on-location Appendix D 104 seminars on a wide variety of code- Evaluation Services ME Im enforcement subject areas. Training BOCA Evaluation Services, Inc. products include video seminars, Certification is achieved in (BOCA-ES) distributes code compli- audio cassette courses, home study twenty-four categories by success- ance evaluation reports of propri- workbooks, seminar-related work- ful completion of one or more etary construction materials, prod- books, and correspondence courses. examinations. These categories ucts, and systems. Each BOCA-ES include: report describes the product, its Seminars performance, and limitations of * Building Inspector acceptance under the BOCA National BOCA seminars provide members Building Plans Examiner e Codes. with information on the latest in codes and code enforcement and * Electrical Inspector assist in developing new strategies, Publications * Electrical Plans Examiner skills, and knowledge. Seminars BOCA's Publication Development One- and Two-Family Dwell- provide technical information as produces and distributes the BOCA ing Electrical Inspector well as practice and application a National Codes and a variety of exercises on the most contemporary Mechanical Inspector documents critical to the successful, and critical topics in code enforce- knowledgeable code user. BOCA Mechanical Plans Examiner 0 ment. offers a wide variety of forms, * Plumbing Inspector permits, and enforcement aids; code BOCA offers a seminar titled commentaries, textbooks, and Earthquake Design Requirements. The * Plumbing Plans Examiner handbooks regarding code adminis- goal of this seminar is to learn how One- and Two-Family Dwell- o tration and enforcement; and to identify and apply earthquake ing Combination Inspector numerous specialized workbooks to design requirements, and to help complement BOCA's many educa- code officials and design profession- One- and Two-Family Building o tional programs. BOCA's technical als understand the impact of the Inspector reference and educational materials requirements on their jobs. Fees for * One- and Two-Family Me- include a publication on earthquake this seminar are $99 for BOCA chanical Inspector design requirements. In addition the members and $149 for nonmembers. · One- and Two-Family Plumb- commentary to the 1993 BOCA These fees are representative of the ing Inspector National Building Code provides an seminar fees charged by BOCA. in-depth explanation of the seismic * Elevator Inspector Any organization or institution, provisions. Substantial price dis- whether a member of BOCA or not, * Combination Commercial counts on all publications and can contract a specific seminar to be Inspector services are offered to members. administered at their specified site · Building Code Official Membership directory. A direc- location. This is often done by tory listing names, addresses, and regional BOCA chapters. No set * Electrical Code Official phone numbers of all BOCA mem- number of participants is required. · Mechanical Code Official bers by category is available. BOCA can also customize seminars BOCA's articles of association and on special topics. However, this Plumbing Code Official o bylaws are also published in the service is expensive due to the cost * Master Code Official directory. of paying BOCA staff to develop a new topic. Fire Inspector I o Periodicals. The Building Official and Code AdministratorMagazine is Fire Inspector II 0 Certification Programs BOCA's bimonthly journal. Subjects * Property Maintenance and include fire safety, construction BOCA's Professional Development Housing Inspector methods, innovative technology, Services Department has promoted regulatory activity, construction the recognition and certification of efficiency and economy, code official professional code officials, who by professional development, and completion of proctored examina- teclhical and administrative aspects tions demonstrate knowledge in the of code enforcement. The magazine BOCA National Codes. also publishes interpretation re- quests that have been reviewed by the Code Interpretation Committee. I05 and Resources Offered Model Code 0 rganizstions: Services and Resources Offered UaS Organizations: Model state-of-the-art design criteria for The BOCA Bulletin is a bimonthly seismic design. These provisions newsletter that provides members =;JWJffM1_3141VJaMF111Q41J minimize the hazard to life for all with news reports b etween regular buildings, increase the expected issues of the BOCA magazine. It Central Office 5360 South Workman Mill Road performance of higher-occupancy includes items of national interest AWittier, CA 90601-2298 buildings as compared to ordinary regarding code -enforcement as well 562-699-0541 tel: buildings, and improve the capabil- as announcements and technical fax: 562-699-8031 ity of essential facilities to function material pertaining to various during and after an earthquake. meetings, seminar offerings, and ICBO Order Departmnent: model code revision activities. 800-284-4L406 or 562-692-4226 The International Computer Products fax: 562-692-3853 ICBCO Compulter Sen'ices: Conference of Building BOCA offers the following products: 562-699-0541 ext. 264 Complete Building Department Officials (ICBO) Plan Reviewi% Fax: Software used to process permits, 562-692-3425 track new construction inspections, ICBO ES, Inc.: History property maintenance inspections, 562-695-4694 and fire-incident inspections and The International Conference of reporting. There is an electronic Regional Offices Building Officials was founded in product containing code test called ICBO has five regional offices w-ith 1922. ICBO is a nonprofit service full support services in evaluation, CodeSearch. For automated plan corporation oivned and controlled education, plan checking, code reniew of the BOCA NUational Build- by its member cities, counties, states, consultation, and code interpretation: ing Code, explore the Plan Review and federal agencies. The ICBO System Software. Additionally, codes have been widely adopted BOCA's Property Maintenance Northern California Regional Office throughout the United States and in Management System (PlARMIS) is an Road, 6130 Stoneridge many locations abroad. ICBO has -Mtall Suite 120 automated property maintenance ninety-six local, district, state, and Pleasanton, CA 94588 complaint tracking system. student chapters that provide 800-336-1963 or 510-734-3080 tel: members with opportunities to meet fax: 510-463-3295 Discussion of the BOCA Notional regularly on a regional basis. Building Codes Austin Regional Office Goals and Objectives 9300 Jollyville Road, Suite 101 BOCA's complete model building Austin, TX 78759-7455 code services program is dedicated ICBO Mission Statement: "The 512-794-8700 tel: to the improvement of construction International Conference of Building far 512-343-9116 regulations, and the effective Officials is dedicated to public safety administration, organization, and in the built environment wv,,orldwide Indianapolis Regional Office enforcement of these regulations by through development and promo- 7998 Georgetown Road, Suite 900 professionally staffed state and local tion of uniform codes and standards, Indianapolis, IN 46268 governmental units. enhancement of professionalism in 317-879-1677 tel: code administration, and facilitation fax: 317-879-0966 To accomplish this BOCA pro- of acceptance of innovative building vides a complete and coordinated Kansas City Regional Office products and systems." Goals model building code services 290 Northeast 60th St., Suite 206 include: package, the backbone of which is Gladstone, tO 64119 the BOCA National Code series. 1. Publication, maintenance, and 816-455-3330 tel: promotion of the Uniform Building fax: 816454-8887 The 1993 BOCA lationalBuilding Code (IJBC) and related documents. Code includes a modified version of Seattle Regional Office the 1991 NEHRP Recommended 2. Investigation and research of 2122 112th Avenue, Northeast, Provisionsfor tke Development of principles underlying safety to life Suite B-300 Seismnic RegultionsforNVewo Building. and prop erty in the construction, Bellevue, TsTA 98004 BOCA uses the 1991 NEHRP use, and location of buildings and 800-2314776 tel: Provisions as the technical basis for fax: 425-637-8939 related structures. this section because of its use of 3. Development and promulgation nationwide input to des elop design of uniformity in regulations pertain- criteria. This code section represents ing to building construction. Appendix D Appendix D 106 106 nation services are also available to these members. Other memberships are available to students, professionals, and certified individuals at costs that range from $20 to $95. Corporations and associations may join at rates ranging from $150 to $500. What Happens When One joins ICBO? When a governmental unit joins ICBO, the organization sends a representative to orient the new member. The TCBO representative will present a packet with basic information on the organization and of professional 4. Advancement The Central Office of the International its services and procedures. If the skills of those engaged in the Conference of Building Officials is located administration and enforcement of new member has never before had a in Whittier, California. (Photo: lCBO) building laws. building code in place, ICBO asks that they schedule a meeting with 5. Formulation of guidelines for the architects and local professionals to administration of building and meet with the ICBO representative. safety departments. The representative explains the code information and policies to all Membership affected parties and the city council. The new member can then use the Membership in TCBO is open to all conference services office, chapter, governmental units as well as all or another nearby ICBO member for other segments of the building assistance when questions or construction industry. There are problems arise. These member fifteen membership classifications. organizations provide an interactive The primary memberships are and helpful network. Once the code governmental, of which there are is implemented ICBO will review two classes. to ensure all is well. the department Class A is a governmental unit or As long as the new member requests agency engaged in the administra- basic orientation information, ICBO tion or formulation of laws and will provide services free of charge. ordinances relating to building However, any assistance leaning construction. The annual dues for a more toward training, for example city with a population of 10,000 or the updating of codes, requires less is $85. The annual dues for a payment. city of population greater than 10,000 is $195. Code DevelopmentlAmendment Governmental individual is an Process individual responsible for the ICBO's codes are published in a enforcement or administration of three-year cycle. This cycle, as laws and ordinances relating to developed by ICBOmembers, building construction. The annual permits gradual adaptation while dues are $60. allowing inclusion of the latest 0 technological advances. Anyone Both types of members receive a interested in maintaining or improv- copy of each new edition of the UBC ing the codes may submit change and annual supplements in the proposals. Code change proposals years between publication. Interpre- are discussed in public hearings that tations of the codes and plan exami- 107 l0x Model Code organizations: Services and Resources Offered Model Code Organizations: Services and Resources Offered seminar participation. These videos allow the concerns of the construc- a-* .6 r - are designed, developed, and tion industry, design professionals, produced by ICBO to provide basic building officials, and other related Certification is offered for: training in the field of building segments of society to be heard. 'Code Enforcement Inspectors construction or inspection. Some After ICBO's code staff of structural, civil, fire protection, and mechanical -vdeo subjects include light-frame · Building Inspector construction, fire-resistant protec- engineers analyze the proposals' * Electrical Inspector tion, a guide to revisions of the 1997 impact on the code, the proposals Uniiform Building Code, and earth- * -MechanicalInspector are published as a separate part of quake protection. Building Standards magazine. Thus, · Comabination Inspector all members and subscribers to · Combination Dwelling Inspec- ICBO services are informed of the Certification Programs tor code change proposals. Proposed The ICBO Voluntary Certification changes with committee recommen- * CABO 'One- and Two-Family Program was initiated in 1973 as a dations are voted on at ICBO's Dwelling Inspector means to encourage professionalism annual conference. Approved among inspection and plan check * Light Commercial Combina- changes become a part of the next personnel through a comprehensive tion Inspector Elevator hispec- edition of the code. test of knowledge of codes, stan- tor dards, and practices necessary for Plan Examiners Educational Services competent practice. Use of the certification program has greatly ICB0 provides a variety of special- Special Inspectors expanded in the private sector, with ized programs through its Educa- * Reinforced Concrete Special its need for qualified special inspec- tion Department to assist in devel- Inspector tors, as well as in a number of states oping and maintaining adequate * Prestressed Concrete Special training and continuing programs to that are considering statewide Inspector mandatory ICBO certification of keep pace with the changing construction inspectors. construction industry * Structural Masonry Special Inspector The program is adninistered by Seminars ICBO through its Certification * Structural Steel/Welding Department. 1CB0 does not offer ICE0 seminars are offered through- Special Inspector exam-preparation seminars. Knowl- out the United States. All course * Spray-Applied Fireproofing instructors are ICBO technical staff edge for the exams is obtained Special Inspector through professional experience and personnel or other nationally professional development educa- recognized instructors. Some Uniform Fire Code Inspectors tion. Prior to the exams ICBO seminars are offered only to ICBO Company Officer Fire Code provides all registered participants members. The cost for memb ers Inspectors with a CandidateBulletin, which averages about $95 for a one-day describes each exam in detail (i.e., Underground Storage Tank program; the average cost for suggested reference materials, an Inspectors nonmembers is $125 pel day. outline of topics stressed on the installation/Retrofiting a Participants in IC130-sponsored exam, and sample questions). seminars earn Continuing Educa- * Decommisioning Examinations are administered tion Units (CEUs). ICBO complies * Tank Tightness Testing with the standards established by three times a year, and much more frequently through computer-based the International Association for * Cathodic Protection testing centers. Dates and test Continuing Education and Training locations are listed in Building and maintains transcript records. Standards magazine. Several special-interest seminars are available to individuals seeking Assistance to expand their knowledge of the ICBO offers management studies, design or plan review and insp ec- tion provisions found in the UBC. operational reviewvs, and analyses to provide counsel in areas such as budgeting, staffing, work evalua- Videos tion, and ordinance preparation. ICBO videos provide training and information without the expense of Appendix D 108 and inspection. These materials have Evaluation Service also proved to be valuable to The ICBO codes are designed to building officials in the effective encourage the development of new administration of their departments. building products and innovative building systems through the Periodicals. Building Standardsis examination and evaluation of basic ICBO's official periodical. It is research and product testing. ICBO's published bimonthly and contains evaluation service gives communi- articles of technical, educational, ties access to an expert staff of and administrative importance as trained engineers at minimal cost well as code interpretations, current and allows proponents of new building valuation data, education building products or systems to gain offerings, job opportunities, a recognition by building enforcement complete calendar, chapter news, agencies. and other features. It is published in newsletter form in alternate months. Code-change reports are published Plan Review Services as magazine supplements, begin- The ICBO offers its own plan review ning with proposed changes and services to jurisdictions desiring including the reports of the code access to ICBO staff expertise. ICBO development committees and action charges a portion of the permit fee, taken by the membership at the allowing the jurisdiction to retain a annual conference. percentage for administrative costs. Turnaround time is less than two to AutomatedlComnputer Products four weeks. Products offered by ICBO are available in 3" and 5 1/4" disk Publications format, PC and Macintosh versions. The Uniform Building Code. Manuals and handbooks are avail- Publication of the UBC and its able in current WordPerfect, related volumes remains JCBO's Microsoft Word, and ASCII file primary function. In each of the two formats. Technical information and years between publication of the software products include: codes, a supplement is issued containing changes approved at the * Uniform Codes on CD-ROM most recent annual conference. An (Code Express) analysis of these changes is pub- * UBC Application/Interpretation lished every three years along with Manual (electronic version) the major new edition of the codes. * Handbook to the 1994 Uniform Membership roster. This publica- Building Code (electronic ver- tion contains a description of each sion) category of membership and a complete listing of all ICBO mem- * UBC Checklist bers. Also included is an explana- Code Change Assistant e tion of the history of the conference, the functions of the various depart- * Electronic Building Department ments, and available services. Other Forms features include publications, * Product Information Retrieval information, a chapter directory, and System (PIRS) the conference bylaws. Technical reference and educa- tional materials. ICBO develops texts and course materials for use in connection with community college curricula and higher-level courses in building construction technology 109 Model Code Organizations: Services and Resources Offered Model Code Organizations:Servicesand ResourcesOffered 109 Southern Building Code CongressInternational, Inc. (SBCCI) History The Southern Building Code Con- gress International, Inc. was founded in 1940 as a nonprofit, internationally recognized model building code organization. The organization is dedicated to serving state and local governments and the building industry through the promulgation and maintenance of the performance-based Standard Codesand by providing technical and educational support services. The first publication of the SBCwas in 1945. 5. To advise and assist in the The Southern Building Code Congress administration of building codes International, Inc., wasfoinded in 1940. The original governmental Its current headquarters locatedin are and ordinances. membership of forty southern cities Birmingham, Alabama. (Photo:SBCCI) has grown to more than 2,300city, 6. To research, develop, and publish county, state, and provincial govern- E educational materials, including ments and agencies in the United but not limited to testing and r.kLr.Jaf.Ilhu[4' ITU-Jr, Ie States and other countries. Addi- IO certification of code enforcement tional membership in the organiza- personnel. tion includes more than 8,000 Headquarters Office engineers, architects, home builders, 7. To perform other functions as 900 Montclair Road contractors, trade associations, and deemed relevant to or desirable Birmingham, AL 35213-1206 for the attainment of these manufacturers. tel: 205-591-1853 objectives. fax: 205-592-7001 Goals and Objectives TDD: 205-599-9742 Membership email: info~sbcci.org The stated objectives of the SBCCI http://www.sbcci.org The membership categories of are: SBCCIare structured to allow 1. To develop, maintain, and pro- Southwest Regional Office participation by anyone interested in mote the adoption of the Standard 9420 Research Boulevard building code development and Codes and other related docu- Echelon III, Suite 150 enforcement. There are fifteen Austin, TX 78759 ments. individual classifications of mem- 512-346-4150 tel: 2. To promote uniformity in build- bers within six categories. However, fax: 512-346-4227 the primary membership category is ing regulations through the adoption of the Standard Codes that of the active member. Southeast Regional Office and to encourage uniformity in 4303 Vineland Road, Suite F-7 An active member is a govern- the application, interpretation, Orlando, FL 32831 ment unit or agency engaged in the tel: 407-648-9632 and enforcement of these codes. administration, formulation, and fax: 407-648-9702 enforcement of codes and ordi- 3. To study, review, and advance the nances relating to building construc- principal fundamentals of safety Eastern Regional Office in building construction. tion. A single active membership 1200 Woodruff Road, Suite G-26 Greenville, SC 29607 provides all of a community's 4. To advance the professional skills tel: 864-281-1006 departments or divisions charged of those engaged in the adminis- 864-281-1030 fax: with code enforcement with access tration and enforcement of to a single source of services. The building regulations. ll Appendix D following is a schedule of active Code Development/Amendment member dues: Process Population of Proposed changes to the SBC and Jurisdiction Annual Fee supplements are submitted in writing to the office of the chief <5,000 $40 executive officer together with supporting evidence by the first 5,001-10,000 $55 weekday of March of each year for 10,001-25,000 $75 consideration during that year. The 25,001-50,000 $100 board of directors schedules an open 50,001-100,000 public meeting to receive comments $125 from interested persons and to 100,001-200,000 $150 review the proposed code changes. 200,001-300,000 $200 The report and recommendations of >300,000 $250 the code committee are published by Other membership categories SBCCI and distributed prior to the exist for corporations, colleges, opening of the annual conference. At individuals, students, etc. Dues for the annual conference code changes these membership categories range are considered and acted upon. from $15 to $275. Educational Services What Happens When One Joins SBCCI sponsors educational pro- SBCCI? grams at various locations through- The materials received by new out its primary coverage area. members are discussed in the Courses provide instruction on the following text, as are the available technical aspects of the SBC and services for assistance. SBCCI does general knowledge required for offer initial assistance in establishing effective code enforcement. There the code and enforcement guidelines are also courses for building depart- for new members. At a certain point ment management and the legal the new member contracts for aspects of code administration. services and is charged a fee. These educational programs are Regional chapters assist many new offered as home study courses, members and help distribute video programs, and classroom information needed at first. presentations. In addition to the scheduled Administration courses, the SBCCI's educational General policy and major financial staff is available to assist in planning decisions for SBCCI are made by an and conducting seminars, work- elected board of directors consisting shops, and short courses on the of a president, vice-president, various code provisions as well as immediate past president, and five on code enforcement and depart- directors. The implementation of ment administration. This assistance board policy and the daily manage- is available to all membership ment of the organization are the categories. responsibility of the chief executive officer. A full-time professional staff Videos of more than 70 employees provides SBCCI offers a series of videotapes member services, publication work, designed to assist in using and and recordkeeping. understanding the SBC. Videos currently available include such topics as wind loads, electrical inspections, and software tutorials. Model Code Organizations: Services and Resources Offered I 11 site analyses of existing building Certification Program departments. The staff will also J"W The SBCCI certification program for X i. r provide on-site assistance to juris- code enforcement and administra- dictions wishing to establish a code- Four levels and separate areas of tion professionals is a voluntary enforcement program and inspec- certification are available as programn that permits these profes- tion department. These analyses followls: sionals to demonstrate their knowl- include but are not limited to edge in various areas of code Level 1 Certification evaluations of workloads, permit enforcement through a written, * Housing Rehabilitation processing techniques, inspection statistically validated examination. Inspector techniques, job descriptions, and/or The examination fee for SBCCI computer needs. * Zoring and Property Stan- members is $95 per examination; dards Inspector and for nonmembers, $135 per Computer services. The SBCCI examination. maintains a full-time staff of com- * Residential Electrical Inspector puter professionals to advise state, Objectives of the program are: * Coastal Construction Inspector count3y, and local goverrnments and * Building Inspector 1. Give recognition to those who design professionals on the use and have achieved a level of knowl- application of computers in code * Mechanical Inspector edge in their profession. enforcement and building construc- * Commercial Electrical Inspec- tion. The SBCCI is continuing to 2. Enhance the professionalism of tor develop generic software called the code enforcement and admin- * Plumbing Inspector Standard Soft, specifically, designed istration profession. for use by building departments and Fire Inspector I s 3. Assist in the evaluation of code design professionals. Modules Fire Inspector II enforcement personnel in their currently available include the ' knowledge of the codes. permit, inspection and plan review * One- and Two-Family Dwvell- modules. ing Inspector The program is graduated so * Commercial Combination that an individual can demonstrate Technical Services professional growth through pro- Inspector gressive levels of certification. Code interpretations. The SBCCI Electrical Inspector technical staff will provide consulta- Level 2 Certification tion either in writing or by tele- ContractorTesting Service Housing Rehabilitation Code pho ne on questions regarding the a This relatively new service enables Enforcement Officer meaning and intent of the Standard the Education Department to assist Codes to all membership categories. · Building Plan Examiner governing bodies by ensuring that building contractors of all varieties Engineering consulting services. * Electrical Plan Examiner have passed minimunai competency SBCCI's professional engineering * Plumbing Plan Examiner requirements before being licensed. staff provides technical consulting The Contractor Testing Program * Mechanical Plan Examiner services to members. Through offers a range of standard examina- consultation with SBCCI 'engineers, * Fire Safety Plan Examiner tions for structural, plumbing, members can often solve code- * Electrical Insp ector electrical, and mechanical contrac- related engineering problems. This tors at both the master and j ourney- service is particularly valuable to Level 3 Certification man levels. small- and medium-sized towns and * Chief Building Code Analyst cities that may have limited techni- · Chief Electrical Code Analyst cal staffs. Chapter Training * Chief Plumbing Code Analyst SBCCI encourages and recognizes Publications the establishment of regional, state, * Chief Mechanical Code Analyst and local chapter organizations of its The Standard Codes. Besides the Chief Fire Prevention Code L members and offers training to these Standard Codes, the SBCCI has Analyst groups. developed a comprehensive set of Le vel 4 Certification model construction codes available to local governments. These codes, Administrative Services * Code Enforcement and known as the Standard Codes, Administration Professional Departmental analyses. The SBCCI include the following: professional staff will provide on- Appendix D 112 Three Model Building Code Organizations: Sample Fee Schedules ICBO Fee Schedule All three of the model building code organiza- tions provide suggested fee schedules for mem- Building permit fees. ICBO's permit fee is based bers. These are intended to be adopted and modi- on the total value of all construction work, finish fied by member code enforcers to fit their indi- work, painting, roofing, electrical, plumbing, vidual circumstances. All schedules are much more heating, air conditioning, elevators, fire-extin- complex than could fit here; each schedule is guishing systems, and any other permanent updated regularly and is available to organization equipment. A fee schedule or table is provided to members. The following information is current as ICBO members. For our example of a typical to the date of this book and is presented to give commercial structure with a total construction cost readers an idea of the approximate fees involved. of $100,000, ICBO's permit fee is $580 for the first $50,000 and $6.25 for each additional $1,000. This BOCA Fee Schedule results in a permit fee of $892.50. Any project that has not first secured a permit prior to beginning Building permit fee. The BOCA National Codes do construction, will be charged an investigation fee. not include provisions that mandate a specific permit fee schedule. This is at the sole discretion of Plan review fee. ICBO also suggests a plan the adopting jurisdiction. However, BOCA has review fee equal to 65 percent of the building provided a mechanism whereby local jurisdictions permit fee. This would create a plan review fee of can customize their fees based on their specific $580 for our typical commercial structure. There- jurisdiction. fore, the total fee costs for this project would be $1,473. Plan review fee. The fee charged by local jurisdictions for their plan review services is tyically built into the permit fee. SBCCI Fee Schedule Building permit fees. Permit fees are based on the The plan review fee is based on the estimated total determined construction value of a project. A construction value calculated in accordance with fee schedule or table is provided for SBCCI the Permit Fee Schedule (construction value = members. For a typical commercial structure with gross area x gross area modifier x type of construc- a construction cost of $100,000, the permit fee is tion factor) published biannually in the BOCA $460. Magazine. For buildings valued up to $1 million, the building plan review fee is 0.0015 of the If for any reason a permit is not obtained prior building's valuation ($100 minimum). Thus, for a to beginning work on a project, a penalty fee will typical commercial structure with a total construc- be assessed that is double the original permit fee tion cost of $100,000, this fee structure would result amount. Full compliance with the code must also in a plan review fee of $150. be met in addition to payment of the penalty fee. SBCCI has a set moving fee of $100 for any build- Fee reductions may be given for buildings such ing or structure. Demolition fees are based on total as large warehouses or indoor recreational facilities cubic feet. because of their plan review simplicity. Reductions may also be given to buildings with repetitive floor Plan-checking fees. SBCCI requires a plan- plans (e.g., high-rise). checking fee equal to half the permit fee for any proposed project that has total construction costs In addition, mechanical, plumbing, energy, and in excess of $1,000. This cost is in addition to the electrical plan review fees are each 25 percent of the building code plan review fee. The sprinkler permit fee. review fee is based on the number of sprinkler heads (e.g., 1-100 heads costs $150). 113 and Resourc~es Offered Model Code Organizations: Services and Resources Offered 113 Model Code Organlizations.: The list of member organizations, Standard Plumbing Code . below, shows the breadth of support Standard Mechanical Code for seismic safety issues nationwide * Standard Gas Code and identifies potential sources of * Standard Fire Prevention Code information and support in promot- ing the use of seismic codes. e Standard Existing Buildings Code * Standard Housing Code General Information * Standard Swximming Pool Code The BSSC wias established in 1979 * Standard Amusement Device under the auspices of the National Code Institute of Building Sciences to deal * Standard Unsafe Building wvith the complex issues involved in Abatement Code promulgating seismic construction Twvo codes that SBCCI has a part in standards an a nationwide basis. It is developing and updating are: an independent, voluntary member- ship body representing a wide variety * CABO One- and TwTo-Family of building community interests. It Daelling Code currently (1997) has sixty-three e CABO Model Energy Code member organizations. Memrbership directory. A direc- BSSC provides a national forum tory lists names, addresses, and that fosters improved seismic safety phone numbers of all SBCCI mem- provisions. It does this by: bers by category SBCCI's bylaws are also published in the directory. Promoting the development of e seismic safety provisions suitable Technical reference and educa- for the entire country; tional materials. Numerous work- books and manuals provide techni- * Promoting the adoption of seismic cal and administrative assistance to safety provisions in voluntary members in un derstanding the use standards and model codes; of the codes and in preparing for * Assessing progress in implementa- certification examinations. tion of seismic provisions; Periodicals. Each month SBCCI * Identifying opportunities for members receive either an issue of improving seismic safety regula- Soufthrn Building magazine or the tions; organization's newsletter, SBCCI Newsbriefr. These publications are * Promoting training and educa- mailed six times a year on alternate tional courses for the building months. Both publications keep the community (see Appendix E for membership informed of develop- address); ments in the fields of code enforce- * Advising government bodies on ment and construction technology as research and implementation; and well as the activities of SBCCI. a Reviewing research and practice Other publications.. SBCCI also and recommending changes to produces instructional slides, seismic design practice. microfiche, application and adminis- tration forms and labels. The BSSC plays an integral role in the periodic development of the N7EHRP Provisions, which are used as a Building Seismic Safety resource document by the model Council (BSSC) building code organizations. It has also been involved in the forthcoming Guidelinesfor the Seismic Rehabilitation The BSSC and its member organiza- of Buildings (FEMA #273 & #274), tions are valuable resources for which deal with existing buildings. increasing the use of seismic codes. Appendix D 114 Southern Building Code Congress Canadian National Committee on Member Organizations International Earthquake Engineering AFL-CIO Building and Construction Trades Department Southern California Gas Company* Concrete Masonry Association of California and Nevada AISC Marketing, Inc. Steel Deck Institute, Inc. Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute Steel Joist Institute* American Concrete Institute Earthquake Engineering Research American Consulting Engineers Steven Winter Associates, Inc.* Institute Council Structural Engineers Association General Reinsurance Corporation* American Forest and Paper of Arizona Association Institute for Business and Home Structural Engineers Association Safety (formerly Insurance American Institute of Architects of California Institute for Property Loss American Institute of Steel Structural Engineers Association Reduction) Construction of Central California Insulating Concrete Form American Insurance Services Group, Structural Engineers Association Association of Colorado Inc. Interagency Committee on Seismic American Iron and Steel Institute Structural Engineers Association Safety in Construction of Illinois American Plywood Association International Conference of Building Structural Engineers Association Officials American Society of Civil Engineers of Northern California Masonry Institute of America American Society of Civil Structural Engineers Association Engineers-Kansas City Chapter The Masonry Society of Oregon American Society of Heating, Metal Building Manufacturers Structural Engineers Association Refrigerating and Air Association of San Diego Conditioning Engineers, Inc. National Association of Home Structural Engineers Association American Society of Mechanical Builders of Southern California Engineers National Concrete Masonry Structural Engineers Association American Welding Society Association of Utah Applied Technology Council National Conference of States on Structural Engineers Association Building Codes and Standards Associated General Contractors of of Washington America National Council of Structural U.S. Postal Service* Engineers Association Association of Engineering Western States Clay Products Geologists National Elevator Industry, Inc. Association Association of Major City Building National Fire Sprinkler Association Western States Council Structural Officials National Institute of Building Engineers Association Bay Area StructuraL Inc.* Sciences Westinghouse Electric Corporation* Brick Institute of America National Ready Mixed Concrete Wire Reinforcement Institute, Inc. Association Building Officials and Code Administrators International, Inc. Permanent Commission for *Affiliate (nonvoting) members. Structural Safety of Buildings* Building Owners and Managers Association International Portland Cement Association Building Technology, Incorporated* Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute California Geotechnical Engineers Association Rack Manufacturers Institute Seismic Safety Commission (California) Appendix E: Organizations Involved in Seismic Safety: Contact Information 116 Appendix E OrganizationsInvolved in Seismic Safety: Contact Information Listed are several organizations that Southern Building Code Congress can provide further information on International (SBCCI) codes or seismic design. Most of 900 Montclair Road them offer lists of publications (see Birmingham, AL 35213-1206 Appendix F). In addition, the profes- (205) 591-1853 sional organizations have directories fax: (205) 592-7001 of members and local chapters. TDD: (205) 599-9742 email: info(sbcci.org Code Organizations http:/ /www.sbcci.org These are the publishers of the model Multi-State Earthquake building codes used in the United States. More complete information Organizations on these organizations and their services is included in Appendix D. These organizations are consortia of officials from several states. Each Building Officials and Code one has a number of useful publica- Administrators, International, tions and, because they specialize in Inc. (BOCA) seismic safety issues, can help to put 4051 West Flossmoor Road you in touch with key officials in Country Club Hills, IL 60478-5795 your own state. (708) 799-2300 fax: 708-799-4981 Central United States Earthquake http:/ /www.bocai.org Consortium (CUSEC) 2630 E. Holmes Rd. Memphis, TN 38118 Council of American Building (901) 544-3570 Officials (CABO) fax: (901) 544-0544 5203 Leesburg Pike, Suite 708 email: cusec~ceri.memphis.edu Falls Church, VA 22041 http: / /gandalf.ceri.memphis.edu/ (703) 931-4533 -cusec /index.html fax: (703) 379-1546 http: / /www.cabo.org Northeast States Emergency Consortium (NESEC) International Conference of 607 North Ave., Suite 16 Building Officials (ICBO) Wakefield, MA 01880 5360 South Workman Mill Road (617) 224-9876 Whittier, CA 90601-2298 fax: (617) 224-4350 (562) 699-0541 email: NESEC@serVe.com fax: (562) 699-8031 http: / /www.serve.com/NESEC Customer Service and Publications: (800) 284-4406 Western States Seismic Policy http: / /www.icbo.org Council (WSSPC) 121 Second Street, 4th Floor San Francisco, CA 94105 (415) 974-6422 fax: (415) 974-1747 http://vishnu.glg.nau.edu/ wsspc.html 117 IC7 Organizations Involved in Seismic Safety: Contact Information U.S. Geological Survey, Informa- FEMA Region VI Federal Agencies tion Services (Publications), Federal Regional Center Box 25286 800 North Loop 288 All these agencies are excellent Denver, CO 80225 Denton, TX 76201-3698 sources of publications, slides, and (800) 435-7627 (940) 898-5123 videos regarding earthquakes and Mitigation Directorate: seismic safety Key publications are USGS Office of Earthquakes, (940) 898-5165 listed in Appendix P. Volanoes & Engineering 12201 Sunrise Valley D1rive FEMAVL& Region VII M.S. 905 Federal Emergency Management 2323 Grand Blvd., Suite 900 Reston, VA 20192 Agency Mitigation Directorate Kansas City, MO 64108-2670 (703) 64840100 (FEMA) (816) 283-7002 http: / /www'-.usgs. gov 500 C. Street, SW fax: (816) 283-7018 Washington, DC 20472 345 Middlefield Road (202) 646-4622 FEM/IA Region Vi i M.S. 870 http:/ /wwwT.wfema.gov Denver Federal Center, Building 710 Menlo Park, CA 94025 Box 25267 (415) 853-8300 FEMA Publications Center Denver, CO 80225-0267 (800) 480-2520 (303) 235-4800 USGS National Earthquake Information Center FEMTYIA Region I FEMAA Region IX Denver Federal Center 442 J. W. McCormack Post Office B1uiding #105 M.S. 967, Box 25046 and Courthouse Building P.-O. Box 29998 Denver, CO 80225 Boston, MA 021094595 Presidio of San Francisco (303) 273-8500 (617) 223-9540 San Francisco, CA 94129 fax: (303) 273-8450 Mitigation Directorate: (415) 923-7100 http: / /fxT vawneic. cr.usgs.gov or (617) 223-9559 fax: (415) 923-7112 http: /earthquake.usgs.gov FEMIA Region I1 FEAMA Region X Mitigation Division State Seismic Safety Federal Regional Center 26 Federal Plaza, Room 1351 130 228th Street, SW Advisory Committees New York, NY 10278-0002 Bothell, WIA 98021-9796 (212) 225-7200 *(206)487-4600 Several states have created seismic fax: (212) 225-7262 Mitigation Directorate: safety advisory boards. If your state, (207) 487-4682 or a neighboring state, has one, they FEMA Region III can be good sources of basic seismic Liberty Square Building, 2nd Floor National Geophysical Data Center safety information about your 105 South 7th Street National Oceanic & Atmospheric region. Philadelphia, PA 19106-3316 Administration (215) 931-5528 325 Broad-way, hMail Code EIGC Arizona fax: (215) 931-5501 Boulder, CO 80303-3328 Arizona Council for Earthquake (303) 497-6826 Safety FEMA Region IV http: / /wwTli,-wngdc.noaa.gov Arizona Dept. of Emergency & Mitigation Division Military Affairs Koger Center-Rutgers Building National Institute of Standards and DiT. of Emergency Services 3003 Chamblee-Tucker Road Technology (NIST) 5636 E. McDoxnell Rd. Atlanta, GA 30341 Buildings and Fire Research Phoenix, AZ 85008 (770) 220-5400 Laboratory (602) 231-6238 fax: (770) 220-5440 Building 226, Room B216 fax: (602) 231-6263 Gaithersburg, MD 20899 FEMA Region V (301) 975-5900 175 West Jackson Blvd., 4th Floor htlp: / Jnvw.nist.gov Chicago, IL 60604-2698 (312) 408-5500 fax: (312) 408-5551 Appendix E 118 Mississippi Utah Arkansas Mississippi Seismic Advisory Panel Utah Earthquake Advisory Board Arkansas Earthquake Advisory Mississippi Emergency Manage- University of Utah Seismograph Council ment Agency Arkansas Office of Emergency Stations P.O. Box 4501, Fondren Station University of Utah Services Jackson, MS 39216 135 South, 1460 East P.O. Box 758 (601) 352-9100 Room 705 Conway, AR 72033 fax: (601) 352-8314 Salt Lake City, UT 84112 (501) 329-5601 (801) 581-6274 fax: (501) 730-9754 Missouri fax: (801) 585-5585 Missouri Seismic Safety Commission California Missouri Emergency Management Washington Seismic Safety Commission Agency Washington State Seismic Safety 1900 K St., Suite 100 P.O. Box 116 Advisory Committee Sacramento, CA 95814 Jefferson City, MO 65102 Washington State Dept. of Natural (916) 322-4917 (573) 526-9101 Resources fax: (916) 322-9476 fax: (573) 634-7966 Geology & Earth Resources Divi- http: / /eas.slu.edu/seismic safety/ sion Hawaii Hawaii State Earthquake Advisory P.O. Box 47007 Nevada Olympia, WA 98504-7007 Board Nevada Earthquake Safety Council Office of the Director of Civil (360) 902-1000 Div. of Emergency Management fax: (360) 902-1785 Defense 2525 S. Carson Street 3949 Diamond Head Road Carson City, NV 89711 Honolulu, HI 96816-4495 Libraries (702) 687-4240 (808) 733-4300 (702) 687-6788 fax: fax: (808) 733-4287 All the references cited in Appendix F can be located at at least one of Oregon Illinois these libraries. The libraries are set Oregon Seismic Safety Policy Illinois Earthquake Advisory Board up to respond to public requests for Advisory Committee Illinois Emergency Management information. They can lend materi- 595 Cottage St., NE Agency als through interlibrary loan or, for Salem, OR 97310 110 E. Adams Street a fee, can photocopy excerpts from (503) 378-2903 Springfield, IL 62701-1109 documents. In some cases, you can fax: (503) 588-1378 (217) 782-4448 search their collections online fax: (217) 785-6043 through their internet web sites. Puerto Rico Comision de Seguridad Contra Indiana Center for Earthquake Research Terremotos Indiana Seismic Safety Advisory & Information State Civil Defense Board University of Memphis P.O. Box 9066597 Indiana State Emergency Manage- Campus Box 526590 San Juan, PR 00906-6597 ment Agency Memphis, TN 38152-6590 (787) 724-0124 IN GOVT CTR South/302 W. (901) 678-2007 Washington St., Room E208 fax: (901) 678-4734 Tennessee Indianapolis, IN 46204 http: / /www.ceri.memphis.edu Tennessee Seismic Safety Advisory (317) 232-3986 Panel fax: (317) 232-3895 Earthquake Engineering Research Tennessee Emergency Management Center Agency Kentucky University of California at Berkeley Tennessee EOC Governor's Earthquake Hazards & 1301 S. 46th Street 3041 Sidco Dr. Safety Technical Advisory Panel Richmond, CA 94804-4698 Nashville, TN 37204-1502 Kentucky Div. of Disaster & Emer- (510) 231-9403 (615) 741-0001 gency Services fax: (510) 231-9461 fax: (615) 242-9635 EOC Building, Boone Center email: eerclib~nisee.ce. Frankfort, KY 40601-6169 berkeley.edu (502) 564-8611 http: / /nisee.ce.berkeley.edu fax: (502) 564-8614 119 Organizations Involved in Seismic Safety. Contact Information Structural Engineers Association of American Planning Association Earthquake Engineering Research California 1776 .Massachusetts Ave., NW Library 555 University Avenue, Suite 126 Suite 400 California Institute of Technology Sacramnento, CA 95825 Washington, DC 20036-1997 Mail Code 104-44 (916) 427-3647 (202) 872-0611 Pasadena, CA 91125 fax: (916) 568-0677 fax: (202) 872-0643 (818) 395-4227 http://wIvwrw.seaoc.org http://wwnvwplanninrg.org fax: (818) 568-2719 -email: eerliblcco.caltech.edu The United States Conference of American Society of Civil http:/ /wiww.eerl.caltech.edu/ Mayors Engineers (AS CE) library/hbraryvhtml 1620 I Street, N-W 1801 Alexander Bell Drive Washington, DC 20006 Reston, VA 201914400} National Center for Earthquake (202) 293-7330 (800) 548-2723 Engineering Research fax: (202) 293-2352 http: / /wwAnwasce.*org c/o Science and Engineering http: / /wwvAi;usmayors.org/uscm Library Associated General Contractors of SUJNY-Buffalo America 304 Copen Hall Additional Organizations 1957 E Street, NW Buffalo, NY 14260-2200 Washington, DC 20006 (716) 645-3377 These university, nonprofit, and trade (202) 393-2040 fax: (716) 645-3379 organizations all have publications. fax: (202) 347-4004 http://nceer.eng.buffalo.edu related to building codes or seismic http://wwwT.agc..org safety Some of them are instrumental Natural Hazards Research & in promoting the adoption of seismic International City/County Applications Information Center building codes, and could provide Management Association University of Colorado valuable support to your efforts. Campus Box 482 (ICMA) 777 North Capitol Street, NE Boulder, CO 80309-0482 American Association of State Suite 500 (303) 492-6818 Highway & Transportation Washington, DC 20002-4201 (303) 492-2151 fax: Officials (202) 289-4262 email: hazctrlcolorado.edu 444 N. Capitol Street, NW Suite 249 fax: (202) 962-3500 7'.colorado.edu/ /wwv http:// Washington, DC 20001 http://wTrvwv.icma.org hazards! (202) 624-5800 fax: (202) 624-5806 National Association of Home Resource Organizations Builders, American Institute of Architects for Developing Code- 1201 15th Street NW (AIA) WiTashington, DC 20005 Adoption Strategies 1735 New York Avenue, NW (202) 822-0200 Washington,' DC 20006 fax: (202) 822-0559 These professional and trade (2[02) 626-7300 http: / / wwwm.nahh.com organizations represent key groups http://wwwaia.org whose support you will need in National Society of Professional trying to promote the adoption of American Society of Civil Engineers (NSPE) seismic building codes. These Engineers (AS CE) 1420 King Street national offices can refer you to the 1801 Alexander Bell Drive Alexandria, VA 22314 local or regional affiliate nearest Reston, VA 20191-4400 (703) 684-2800 you. (800) 548-2723 fax: (703) 8364875 http: //wwwvasce.org http: / /www:nspe.org American Institute of Architects (AIA) Applied Technology Council (ATC) National League of Cities (NILC) 1735 New York A-venue, NWT 555 Twin Dolphin Drive, Suite 550 1301 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW -Washington, DC 20006 Redwood City, CA 94065 Suite 550 (202) 626-7300 (415) 595-1542 Washington, DC 20004 http://wvn,?raia.org fax: (650) 593-2320 (202) 626-3000 http: / /wwwivatcouncil.org fax: (202) 626-3043 http://wwwToncais.com/nic/ Appendix E 120 National Institute of Building Building Seismic Safety Council Sciences (BSSC) 1090 Vermont, NW, Suite 700 1090 Vermont, NW, Suite 700 Washington, DC 20005 Washington, DC 20005 (202) 289-7800 (202) 289-7800 fax: (202) 289-1092 fax: (202) 289-1092 http: / /www.nibs.org http: / /www.nibs.org Seismological Society of America Earthquake Engineering Research 201 Plaza Professional Building Institute (EERI) El Cerrito, CA 94530 499 14th Street, Suite 320 (510) 525-5474 Oakland, CA 94612-1934 fax: (510) 525-7204 (510) 451-0905 (510) 451-5411 fax: Southern California Earthquake email: eeri(eeri.org Center http: / /www.eeri.org University of Southern California University Park Institute for Business and Home Los Angeles, CA 90089-0742 Saftey (formerly Insurance (213) 740-5843 Institute for Property Loss (213) 740-0011 fax: Reduction) email: SCECinfo~usc.edu 73 Tremont Street, Suite 510 http: / /www.scec.org Boston, MA 02108-3910 (617) 722-0200 fax: (617) 722-0202 National Conference of States on Building Codes and Standards, Inc. (NCSBS) 505 Huntmar Park Drive, Suite 210 Herndon, VA 20170 (703) 437-0100 fax: (703) 481-3596 Appendix F Recommended Readings and Resources 122 Appendix F Recommended Readings and Resources References Cited Earthquake Engineering Research Institute. "Loma Prieta Earthquake Reconnais- Listed below are all the references sance Report," Earthquake Spectra, cited in this report as sources of Supplement to Vol. 6, May 1990. information. All the documents produced by agencies and organiza- Earthquake Engineering Research Institute. tions may be ordered directly from "Northridge Earthquake of January 17, the organizations (see Appendix E). 1994," Earthquake Spectra, Supplement to Many of the Building Seismic Safety Vol. 11, April 1995. Council's publications are available at EERI Ad Hoc Committee on Seismic no charge from FEMA. All FEMA Performance. Expected Seismic Perfor- publications are available at no mance of Buildings, Earthquake Engineer- charge and may be ordered through ing Research Institute, February 1994. FEMA's Publication Center (call 800- 480-2520). Esteva, Luis. "Seismic Zoning, Design Spectra and Building Codes in Mexico," in Proceedngs of the Fourth International Beavers, James E. "Perspectives on Seismic Conference on Seismic Zonation, Vol. 1, Risk Maps and the Building Code Earthquake Engineering Research Process," in A Review of Earthquake Institute, August 1991. ResearchApplications in the National Estimation of Earthquake Effects Associated EarthquakeHazards Reduction Program: with Large Earthquakesin the New Madrid 1977-1987, Walter Hays, ed., U.S. Seismic Zone, Hopper, M.G., ed., U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 88- Geological Survey Open-File Report 85- 13-A, 1988, 407-432 457, 1984, 42-51. Bruce A. Bolt. Earthquakes, W.H. Freeman Federal Insurance Administration. Building and Company (NY), 1993. Performance: HurricaneAndrew in Florida, Building Seismic Safety Council. Improving FIA-22, December 1992. the Seismic Safety of New Buildings:A Fratessa, Paul E "Buildings" (chap. 3), in Community Handbook of Societal Implica- PracticalLessons from the Loma Prieta tions, FEMA #83, July 1986. Earthquake, National Academy Press, Building Seismic Safety Council. Nontechni- 1994. cal Explanation of the NEHRP Recom- Geis, Donald A., et al. "Architectural and mended Provisions.FEMA #99, September Urban Design Lessons from the 1985 1995. Mexico City Earthquake," Lessons Learned Building Seismic Safety Council. Seismic from the 1995 Mexico Earthquake, Earth- Considerationsfor Communities at Risk, quake Engineering Research Institute, FEMA #83, September 1995. 1989, 226-230. Building Seismic Safety Council. Societal Golden, Joseph H., et al. HurricaneHugo: Implications: Selected Readings, FEMA #84, PuertoRico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and June 1985. South Carolina,prepared for the Commit- tee on Natural Disasters, National Chung, Riley, ed. The January17,1995 Research Council, National Academy of Hyogoken-Nanbu (Kobe) Earthquake: Sciences (Washington, DC), 1994. 0 Performanceof Structures, Lifelines and Fire Protection Systems, National Institute of Guidelines and Proceduresfor Implementation of Standards and Technology, NIST Special the Executive Orderon Seismic Safety of Publication 901, July 1996. New Building Construction,ICSSC RP2.1A, NISTIR 4852, June 1992. Recommended Readings and Resources 1 23: Insurance Institute for Property Loss Building Codes and Standards Schierle, G.G. Quality Control in Seismic Reduction (now IBHS). Public Opinion (Herndon, VA), May 1987. Resistant Construction,report to the Concermingg Various Issues Relating to National Science Foundation, School of Metropolitan Fund, Inc. A Study of Local Home Builders, Building Codes and Architecture, University of Southern Building Codes and TheirAdministration Damage MzIifigation, IlPLR (Boston, MA), California, 1993. in tlhe Southeast Michigan Siwx-County 1995. Region, Public Administration Service Schulze, William D., et aL "Benefits and Insurance Institute for Property Loss (Chicago), August 1966. Costs of Earthquake Resistant Build- Reduction (now IBHS). Summary of ings," Southern Economic Jourzal,Vol. 53, Morrow, B.H., and Ragsdale, Alt Early State-MNandated Codes, IIPLR (Boston), April 1987. Response to HurricaneMz/arilyn in the U.S. April 1996. Virgin Islands, University of Colorado, Seismic Safety Commission of California. Korman, Richard. "A Much Misunder- Natural Hazards Center, Quick Creatinga Seismic Safety Adoisory Board, stood Contraption," EngineeringNews- Response Report #82, 1996. FE-MA #266, August 1995. Record, June 22, 1989, 30-36. Mushkatel, A.H, and Nigg, J.M. "Opinion Shinozuka, Masanobu. "Summary of the Lagorio, Henry J. Earthquakes,An Congruence and the Formation of Earthquake," in NCEER Response: Architect's Guide to NonstructuralSeismic Seismic Safely Policies," Policy Studies PreliminaryReportsfriom the Hyogo-ken? Hazards,John wiley and Sons, Inc, Reviero, Vol.6, No.4, May 1987. Nanbu Earthquakfe ofJanuary17, 1995, 1990. National Center for Earthquake Engi- Muth, Richard E, and Wetzler, Elliot. "The neering Research, State University of Leyendecker, Edgar V, Algermissen, S.T., Effect of Constraints on House Costs," New York at Buffalo, january 1995. and Frankel, Arthur. Use of Spectral Journalof Urban Economics, Vol. 3, 1976, Response Maps and Uniforn Hazard 57-677 Southern Building Code Congress Interna- Response Spectra in Building Codes, Fifth tionaaL CoastalBuilding DepartmentSurrey, National Association of Home Builders. National Conference on Earthquake National Comnrittee on Property Estimated Cost of Compliance with 1991 Engineering, July 1994. Insurance (nowe IBHS, in Boston), 1992. Building Code Requirements, Insurance Leyendecker, EA., et al., USGS Spectral Research Council, August 1992. Todd, Diana, ed., Standard's of Seismic Safety Response Mlraps and Their Relationship -roith for Ezisting FederallyOwcned or Leased National Conference of States on Building Seismic Design Forces in Building Codes, Butildings, hNational Instiftite of Standards Codes and Standards Inc. Directory of U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report and Tetidnology Report NISTIR 5382, Building Codes and Regulations, Vol. 1, 95-596, 1995. The most recent versions Interagency Committee of Seismic Safety Code Primer, NCSBCS (Hemdon, VA), are available at http:// and Construction Recommended Practice 1989. gldage cr.usgs.gov/eg/ 4 {ICSSC RP 4), February 1994. National Conference of States on Building Litan, Robert, et al. Physical Damage and U.S. Department of the Interior, Geological Codes and Standards. Seismic Provisions Human Loss: The Economic Impact of Survey. USGS Spectral Response flaps and of State and Local Building Codes and Their Earthquake MitigationMeasures, The Their Relationship with Seismic Design Enforcement, NIST GCR 91599, April National Committee on Property Forces in Building Codes, Open-File Report 1992. Insurance (nowhr IBHS), February 1992. 95-595, 1995. National Institute of Standards and Maisel, Sherman J. Housebuildiag,in U.S. National Comnmission on Urban Technology. Guidelines and Proceduresfor Transition,Unirersity of California Problems. Building the American Cihy, Implementation of the Executive Order on Press, 1953. report to the Congress and the President Seismic Safety of N\ew Building Construc- Houlse Document No. 91-34, December "The March 25,1993, Scotts Mills Earth- tion, ICSSC RP2.lA., NISTIR 4852, June 1968. quake-WVlestern Oregon's Witake-Up 1992. Call," EERI Newvsletter, Vol. 27, No. 5, Whitmark, R.V, and Algermissen, S.l.. Noam, Eli M. "The Interaction of Building May 1993. "Seismic Zonation in Eastern United Codes and Housing Prices," ARE UEA States," Proceedings,Fourth International Martin, KIW "Recent Changes to Seismic Jomrnal, Vol 10, 1983, 394-404. Conference on Seismic Zanation, Vol. I, Codes and Standards: Are They Olshansky, R. Reducing EarthquakeHazards Earthquake Engineering Research Coordinated or Random Events?" in the Central United States: State Seismic Institute, 1991, 845-869 Proceedings, 1993 National Earthquake Safety Advisory Conanittees,prepared by Conference, Vol IIHCentral U.S. Earth- the Department of Urban and Regional quake Consortium, 1993,367-376. Planning, University of Illinois at Mclntrye, Marle, ed. Directonj of State Urbana-Champaign, and distributed by Buildhig Codes andRegulations,4th ed., the Central U.S. Earthquake Consor- National Conference of States on tium, 1992 124 Appendix F Wyllie, Loring A., Jr., and Filson, John R., Building Seismic Safety Council. Seismic eds. Armenia Earthquake Reconnaissance Considerations Communities at Risk, for Report, Special Supplement to Earthquake FEMA #83, September 1995 ed. Spectra, Earthquake Engineering Earthquake Engineering Research Institute. Research Institute (Oakland, CA), Expected Seismic Performance of Buildings, August 1989. February 1994. Wyner, A.J., and Mann, D.E. Preparing for Earthquake Engineering Research Institute. California'sEarthquakes:Local Govern- Reducing Earthquake Hazards:Lessons ment and Seismic Safety, Institute of Learnedfrom Earthquakes,EERI Publica- Governmental Studies, University of tion No. 86-02, November 1986. California at Berkeley, 1986. Lagorio, Henry J. Earthquakes, An Architect's Guide to Nonstructural Seismic Hazards, John Wiley and Sons, Inc. (NY), 1990. Recommended Readings National Conference of States on Building These readings are particularly Codes and Standards, Inc. Directory of recommended to help you under- Building Codes and Regulations (updated stand about earthquakes, how annually). ground-shaking affects buildings, and how seismic building codes Stover, Carl W., and Coffman, Jerry L. Seismicity of the United States, 1568-1989 work. (rev. ed.), U.S. Geological Survey American Institute of Architects. Buildings Professional Paper 1527, 1993. at Risk: Seismic Design Basicsfor Practicing Architects, AIA/ACSA Council on Architectural Research, Sources of Earthquake Slides and February 1992. Videos Applied Technology Council. Rapid Visual The following organizations have Screeningof Buildingsfor Seismic Hazards: extensive collections of slides, photos, A Handbook. ATC-21 Report, published and videos of the effects of earth- by FEMA as FEMA #154, 1988. quakes. They can be valuable re- Berg, Glenn. Seismic Design Codes and sources for your public presentations. Procedures,Earthquake Engineering In some cases, the images may be Research Institute, Monograph Series, accessed online or by CD-ROM. 1983. Bolt, Bruce. Earthquakes(rev. ed.), W.H. Earthquake Engineering Research Center Freeman and Company (NY), 1993. (EERC) University of California at Berkeley Buckle, Ian G., Jirsa, James, et al. Mitigation 1301 S. 46th Street of Damage to the Built Environment, Richmond, CA 94804-4698 Monograph 2,1993 National Earth- (510) 231-9403 quake Conference, Central U.S. eerclib(berkeley.edu Earthquake Consortium (Memphis, TN), 1993. Earthquake Engineering Research Building Seismic Safety Council. A Institute (EERI) Nontechnical Explanation of the 1994 499 14th Street, Suite 320 NEHRP Recommended Provisions,FEMA Oakland, CA 94612-1934 #99, September 1995. (510) 451-0905 Building Seismic Safety Council. NEHRP National Geophysical Data Center Recommended Provisionsfor the National Oceanic &Atmospheric Development of Seismic Regulationsfor Administration New Buildings, 1994 Edition, Part 1: 325 Broadway, Mail Code EIGC Provisions, Part 2: Commentary, FEMA Boulder, CO 80303-3328 #222A, FEMA #223A, May 1995. (303) 497-6826 l1n : Recommended Readings and Resources U Sept-ember 1996 EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS REDUCTION SERIES PUBUCATION TFTLE NUMBER Earthquake Safety Checklist 46 Coping with Children's Reactions to Earthquakes 48 Reducing the Risk of Nonstrucitural Earthquake Damage: A Practical Guide 74 Preparedness for People with Disabilities (Brochure) 75 Preparedness in High-Rise Buildings (Brochure) 76 The Planning Process (Brochure) 77 Seismic Considerations for Communities at Risk 83 Societal Implications: Selected Readings 84 Guidelines for Local Small Businesses 87 Guidebook-for Developing a School Earthquake Safety Program 88 Earthquake Safety-Activities for Children (Teachers Package) 88A Improving Seismic Safety of New Buildings: ANon-Technical Explanation of NEHRP Provisions 99 Family Earthquake Safety Home Hazard Hunt and Drill 113 Guide to Application of the NEHERP Recommended Provisions in Earthquake-Resistant Building Design 140 Seismic Considerations: Elementary and Secondary SchoDls 149 Seismic Considerations: Health Care Facilities 150 Seismic Considerations: Hotels and Motels 151 Seismic Considerations: Apartment Buildings 152 Seismic Considerations: Office Buildings 153 Rapid Visual Screening of Buildings for Potential Seismic Hazards: AHandbook 154 Rapid Visual Screening of Buildings for Potential Seismic Hazards: Supporting Documentation 155 Typical Costs for Seismic Rehabilitation of Existing Buildings, Second Edition, Volume I - Summrnary 156 Typical Costs for Seismic Rehabilitation of Existing Buildings, Second Edition, 157 Volume li - Supporting Documentation Earthquake-A Teacher's Package for K-B 159 NEHRP Handbook of Techniques forthe Seismic Rehabilitation of Existing Buildings 172 Establishing Programs and Priorities for the Seismic Rehabilitation of Buildings, Supporting Report 173 Establishing Programs and Priorities for the Seismic Rehabilitation Df Buildings, A Handbook 174 Estimating Losses from Future Earthquakes-Panel Report (ANon-Technical Summary) 176 Estimating Losses from Future Earthquakes (Panel Report and Technical Background) 177 NEHRP -landbook for Seismic Evaluation of Existing Buildings 178 Landslide Loss Reduction: Guide to State and Local Governments 182 Estimated Future Losses, St Louis, MD 192 Estimated Future Losses, St Louis, MD-Executive Summary 192A Loss Reduction Provisions of a Federal Earthquake Insurance Program - A Final Report 200 Loss Reduction Provisions of a Federal Earthquake Insurance Program - Summary Report 201 Earthquake Resistant Construction of Electric Transmission and Telecommunication Facilities Serving the Federal 202 Government Utah Multihazard Planning Demonstration Project-A Case Study Report 212 Financial incentives for Seismic Rehabilitation of Buildings-An Agenda for Action - Volume 3 - Application Work- 216 shop Report How to Help Children After a Disaster-A Guidebook for Teachers 219 School intervention Following a Critical Incident-Proiect COPE 220 NEHRP Recommended Provisions for the Development Df Regulations for New Buildings, Part I - Provisions, 1991 222 Edition NEHRP Maps 222 NEHRP Recommended ProvisiDns Commentary, Part 11, 1991 Edition 223 NEHRP Recommended Provisions for the Development of Regulations for New Buildings, Part i, Provision, 1994 22.A Edition - 126 Appendix F NEHRP Maps 222.A 223.A NEHRP Recommended Provisions Commentary, Part 11, 1994 Edition Seismic Vulnerability and Impact of Disruption of Lifelines inthe United States 224 225 Inventory of Lifelines in the Cajon Pass, California Collocation Impacts on the Vulnerability of Lifelines During Earthquakes with Applications to the Cajon Pass, 226 California A Benefit-Cost Model for Seismic Rehabilitation of Buildings, Volume I: A User's Manual 227 A Benefit-Cost Model for the Seismic Rehabilitation of Buildings, Volume II: Supporting Documentation 228 232 Home Builders Guide for Earthquake Design Earthquake Resistant Construction of Gas and Liquid Fuel Pipeline Systems Serving, or Regulated by, the Federal 233 Government Seismic Rehabilitation of Buildings, Phase l: Issues, Identification and Resolution 237 Seismic Safety: Of Federally and Federally Assisted Leased or Regulated New Building Construction - Volume 1 238 Seismic Safety: Of Federally and Federally Assisted Leased or Regulated New Building Construction - Volume 2 239 240 Earthquake Preparedness-What Every Child Care Provider Should Know Identification and Reduction of Nonstructural Earthquake Hazards (For Schools) 241 249 Assessment of the State-of-the-Art Earthquake Loss Estimation Methodologies 253 Seismic Sleuths-Earthquake Curriculum for 7-12 Grades Seismic Retrofit Incentive Programs-A Handbook for Local Governments 254 Seismic Rehabilitation of Federal Buildings: A Benefit/Cost Model, Volume 1 - A User's Manual 255 Seismic Rehabilitation of Federal Buildings: A Benefit/Cost Model, Volume 2 - Supporting-Documentation 256 Seismic Safety of New Federal Buildings 260 Creating a Seismic Safety Advisory Board 266 Interim Guidelines: Evaluation, Repair, Modification, and Design of Welded Steel Moment Frame Structures 267 280 Strategy for National Earthquake Loss Reduction L-1 11 Safety Tips for Earthquakes L-143 Preparedness inApartments and Mobile Homes Tsunami, The Great Waves inAlaska L-1 93 L-194 Tsunami, The Great Waves on the West Coast Benefit/Cost Model for Federal Buildings-Supporting Documentation Brochure: Seismic Safety of Federal and Federally Leased Assisted or Regulated New Building Construction Earthquake Safety, Poster 14 E.O. 12699 Brochure Poster #6 Blueprint for Earthquake Survival The publications are free of charge. Copies may be requested by writing to the following address: Federal Emergency Management Agency P.O. Box 2012 . Jessup, MD 20794-2012 ...... Or Call 1-800-480-2520 REDUCTION SERIES HAZARDS EARTHQUAKE Appendix G Sample Workshop Presentations 128 Appendix G Sample Workshop Presentations codes in their community, how they Information ForWorkshop b b - - T can adopt and improve enforce- Leader ment, and where they can go for here is a great deal of material to assistance. The group exercises (half- cover in the half-day workshop. It This Appendix includes material to day workshop) are designed so that is important that you establish help you present workshops on participants begin developing control and keep your presenta- adopting and enforcing seismic tion on track in order to cover all strategies to introduce or enhance building codes. It includes outlines the material. At the same time, seismic protection in their commu- for a sample half-day workshop and allow enough flexibility to nity. a one-hour workshop. The half-day respond to specific local concerns. workshop is best suited for gather- Remember that you can follow up When and Where to Present the ings of professionals, either at a with individuals after the work- Workshops conference or at a specialty seminar shop or at a later date. that you organize. The audience These workshops can be conducted Assigning groups. It will save would have some initial concerns as part of a systematic campaign to time and minimize confusion if about seismic safety but little improve adoption and enforcement you prepare an efficient method knowledge about how to adopt or of seismic codes. You can announce of dividing participants into enforce seismic building codes. The them with press releases (using groups for the group exercises. one-hour workshop is best suited for Appendix H), and workshop One method is to have people audiences who need to be intro- participants can help distribute the count off numbers and then duced to these ideas and convinced brochures in Appendix I to their divide into groups according to of the need for addressing seismic colleagues. their number. Alternatively, you safety. might assign groups on a geo- A survey of code practices (see graphic basis or try to create end of Appendix C) can help you to Target Audience interdisciplinary groups. The best identify specific areas of weakness group size is generally 3-7 people. Candidate participants for these in various parts of your state. This workshops include (a) municipal can help you to determine appropri- Sign-in sheets. For follow-up you officials (e.g., planning, building, ate topics and locations for the will want the attendees' names, engineering, emergency services, workshops. addresses, and telephone num- city council); (b) potential allies in bers. Providing a sign-in sheet at Workshops, particularly the one- the fields of architecture and engi- the beginning of the workshop is hour ones, could also be used to neering; and (c) community leaders a simple way to obtain this build on the increased awareness information. whose influence and support can that often follows an earthquake, assist in adopting improved seismic either a small earthquake nearby or safety provisions. a large newsworthy one elsewhere in the world. A combination of Purpose workshops and press releases could The purposes of these workshops emphasize the value of seismic are to (a) introduce the community's building codes to mitigate losses risk for earthquake damage, (b) from future earthquakes. demonstrate the effectiveness, ease, Half-day workshops might be and low cost of seismic codes, and given for: (c) outline the critical elements of effective code enforcement. A gathering of officials from several neighboring communities. Goals This could be in a region with code adoption or compliance Participants should leave the problems. You should also invite workshop with a clearer under- officials from communities with standing of why they need seismic good code practices. 129 Sample Workshop Presentations for all these visual materials can be * A session at a conference of 0 found in the body of this book. municipal officials. * Check to make sure that an This Appendix also includes a list A session at a conference of local e overhead projector is available of selected notable earthquakes from code officials (but delete the at the workshop site. 36 states (see Handout b). This list is section on the purpose of build- * If you are providing your own a good starting point for identifying ing codes). historic earthquakes from your overhead projector, it's wise to One-hour workshop presentations bring an extra light bulb. region. These tangible examples can might be given to: enhance your presentation. * Always plan to bring a exten- * A conference of municipal sion cord and an outlet officials, architects, or engineers. Equipment adapter. Check to make sure that an over- * City Council study sessions. * If using a computer projection head projector is available at the system, bring back-up over- * Civic groups, such as Rotary, workshop site. If you are providing heads in case you have equip- Kiwanis, or League of Women your ow&n overhead projector, it's ment problems. Voters. wvise to bring an extra light bulb. * If you are using slides, it is best Always plan to bring a extension to provide your ow,%n slide Support Materials cord and an outlet adapter. A carousel wieth the slides projection screen is not essential, as Materials in this Appendix include arranged in presentation you can project your overhead onto an outline of topics for two ork- 'n sequence. any blank, light-colored vatl. shop presentations (half-day and one-hour), along with suggested If you are using slides, it is best to timnlng, directions for when to use provide your own slide carousel the provided handouts and with the slides arranged in presenta- overheads, and key information tion sequence. You may also need to points to make. The additional provide your owrn slide projector. pages provided include visual aids that may be copied onto transpar- Follow-up ency sheets and used with an The group exercises will provide a overhead projector. Transparencies record of the community's thinking are a quick and inexpensive way to and plans about seismic safety visually enhance your presentation. Collect the handouts completed in Some of the overheads also may the group exercises. You may want be photocopied and distributed as to summarize the main points and handouts. A numb er of topical later send a copy to the workshop handouts, u hich summarize key participants or other municipal concepts from the workshop and officials. The material can also form from the text of this book, are also the basis of any local efforts stem- included. ming from the workshop. Color images can probide addi- If possible, you should try to tional impact to the workshop followv up with a tour of local presentation. A selection of images is building stock designed with available at various web sites, such seismic provisions. A comparison to as FEIA and the Earthquake unsafe buildings would also be Engineering Research Center (see useful. A knowvledgeable building Appendix E); you may download official, engineer, or architect should these vithout charge and use a lead this tour. vendor to transfer the images from your disk to color slides or transpar- encies. The National Geophysical Data Center and EERI also have sets of color slides that are available for purchase. Additional factual support A pendix G Ap 130 Half-Day Workshop 8:00 Introduction (15 mins.) ( DEFINE PURPOSE: Today we're going to talk about earthquakes and how they can affect communities. Very few parts of the United States are completely free of potential earthquake damage. This morning's presentation will cover three main areas: SHOW OVERHEAD 1. Community risk for damage from earthquake activity. 1. Purpose of building codes, and how they help to protect the community from seismic risk. 2. Importance of following through by enforcing the building code, and how this too can benefit the community. 3. ASK: How many damaging U.S. earthquakes can they name? SHOW OVERHEAD 2: Known historic earthquakes in 47 states with MMIs of VI-VIII. USE HANDOUTS: A) Seismic hazard map; B) Historic earthquakes in 36 states. SHOW OVERHEAD 3: Seismic hazard map. This map shows the seismic hazards for the entire United States. LOCATE COMMUNITY ON MAP AND EXPLAIN THE LOCAL SEISMIC RISK. POINTS TO MAKE: Many times, if a community hasn't recently experienced any kind of ground-shaking, people tend to think an earthquake just isn't going to happen. It seems like it takes a good earthquake to shake people up. Unfortunately, it's a little late to prepare after the earthquake. And this map, using the best scientific infor- mation available, says this community could be made safer and more secure by preparing now for future earth- quake hazards. ® 8:15 Part 1: Community Risk (15 mins.) USE HANDOUT C: MMI scale explanation, descriptions of effects of various MMIs. GOAL: Explain what it is that earthquakes do and how they can damage and destroy buildings. Explain the idea of lateral forces, ductility, and drift. SHOW OVERHEAD 4. e * Explain the Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale (describes effects, not magnitude). SHOW OVERHEADS: 5) MMI scale explanation; 6) MMI chart. * Describe effects on buildings of MMI VI, VII, VIII, IX. SHOW OVERHEADS 7-15: Effects and images of typical damage associated with each MMI. Focus on local MMI potential and show additional damage images. SHOW maps and images of historic o local earthquakes, and, if maps are available, anticipated earthquakes. A good source of information is USGS Professional Paper 1527; Handout B is a list, taken from that publication, of example earthquakes from 36 states. ® 8:30 Group Exercise (20 mins.) USE HANDOUT D: Group Exercise #1- Community Earthquake Risk DIRECTIONS FOR GROUPS: We've seen the MMI potential for this community. I'd like you to divide into groups and think about how this community might be affected by an earthquake of that scale. * Describe handout. Ask groups to: Imagine the MMI shaking appropriate to this community Rate community buildings for seismic safety Identify whether buildings were built to seismic codes (see Hints below) Decide where would you most like to be during an earthquake Decide where would you least like to be during an earthquake 131 SampleWorkshop Presentations Ask each group to report their results. * Summarize results. * Collect completed handouts for later follow-up. * Hints for Exercise #1 HIINT 1: The main purpose of this exercise is to raise participants' level of concerns and make them want to find out the answers to these questions. Participants will not be sure how to decide which buildings are most dangerous. You should give them some hints: SHOW OVERHEAD 16. Brick or stone buildings. e * Older buildings (especially large, multistory older buildings). Buildings with irregular shap es. * Buildings that appear to be top-heavy or with open first floors (carports, all windows). * "Tilt-up" low-rise light industrial buildings (one-story warehouse-like buildings common in industrial * or office parks since the 1960s). HINT 2: Participants will not know which buildings were built to seismic codes. They may be able to make educated guesses, based on the age of buildings, if they know the status of the community's code. HINT 3: Once they identify potentially unsafe buildings, they should also pay attention to building Jinction. Some buildings-critical structures-would seriously affect the community if they collapsed or were severely damaged: SHOW OVERHEAD 17. Structures are deemed critical if they (a) are needed immediately after an earthquake (fire and police stations), (b) house needy populations (schools, hospitals, nursing homes), or '(c) can have off-site effects (structures with flammable or toxic materials). ® R:50 Part 2: Purpose and History of Building Codes (15 mins.) USE HANDOUTS: E) Purpose and history of building codes; F) Model building codes POINTS TO MAKE: The safest and most cost-effective way to guard against earthquake damage is to construct buildings that are designed to withstand seismic events. These building specifications are contained in the model building codes. * Cover purpose and history of building codes: SHOW OVERHEAD 18. Suggested HANDOUT: Consider handing out photocopies of Appendix D. * Outline the model building codes: SHOW OVERHEAD 19. Easy to adopt Easy to update Documentation is provided Technical support is provided General cost information. 0 Explain current code situation in state. S ® 9:05 Break (15 mids.) Appendix G 132 ® 9:20 Part 2 continued: Purpose and History of Seismic Code Provisions (15 mins.) USE HANDOUTS: G) Purpose of seismic codes provisions; H) Seismic codes are effective; I) Seismic codes are inexpensive. Discuss seismic provisions in the building codes: Purpose of seismic codes provisions: SHOW OVERHEAD 20. o * History of seismic codes (becoming the national norm): SHOW OVERHEAD 21. Executive Order 12699. e * Seismic codes are effective: SHOW OVERHEAD 22. * Seismic codes are inexpensive: SHOW OVERHEAD 23. · Benefits outweigh the costs: SHOW OVERHEAD 24. * All model codes contain seismic provisions appropriate to the community's level of risk. e 9:35 Group Exercise (15 mins.) USE HANDOUT J: Group Exercise #2 - Responding to Arguments Against Seismic Codes DIRECTIONS FOR GROUPS: We've seen how new construction built to seismic standards can help protect the community from earthquake damage. I'd like you to divide into groups again. This time, I want you to discuss the arguments against introducing seismic codes in this community and think about how you might respond. * Describe handout: List the local arguments against seismic codes How might you respond to these arguments? Consider who is likely to oppose having seismic codes Consider who is likely to support having seismic codes? Ask each group to report their results. · Summarize results. · Collect completed handouts for later follow-up. * 9:50 Arguments in Favor of Seismic Codes (5 mins.) ( USE HANDOUT K: Arguments in favor of seismic codes * Present arguments in favor of seismic codes: SHOW OVERHEAD 25. 9:55 Break (15 mins.) ® 10:10 Part 3: Importance of Enforcement, Following Through (30 mins.) ( USE HANDOUTS: L) Enforcing the seismic code: a critical link; M) Five elements of effective code enforcement POINT TO MAKE: Having a building code with current seismic provisions is the first part of a two-part pro- cess. The second part is following through and making sure the code is enforced. * Explain how poor enforcement results in deficient buildings. SHOW OVERHEAD 26. * Give incentives for enforcement (code effectiveness grading schedule). * Five elements of effective code enforcement: SHOW OVERHEAD 27. Code provisions must be up to date Builders must apply for permits A qualified reviewer must review building plans Construction should proceed according to approved plans A qualified inspector must inspect the construction Discuss an example of plan review and inspection fees (see box in Appendix D, page 112). * SarmpleWorkshop Presentations 133 * Enforcement example: Use one or t'Nro of the case examples inAppendix C (page 85) to explain hoen- forcement could be done in this community. 10.40 Group Exercise (20 mins.) ® NOTE: Workshop leader selects topic for group exercise. USE HANDOUT N or 0: Group Exercise #3a OR 3b -Action Plan for Adoption OR Enforcement DIRECTIONS FOR GROUPS: I'd like you to divide into groups again. This time, I want you to develop action plans to: (a) adopt a building code with current seismic provisions for this community OR (b) improve enforcement of the building code in this communrity * Describe handout for subjectA (adoption): Dev elop a ten-point action plan that l,%dli result in a building code for this community @ OR describe handout for subject B (enforcement): Develop a ten-point action plan that will result in improved code enforcement for this community * Ask each group to rep ort their results. * Summarize results. * Collect completed group handouts for later follo w-up. 11:00 Part 3 continued: Steps for Adoption or Enforcement of Seismic Codes (10 mins.) ® USE HANDOUT P or Q: Steps for Adoption OR Enforcement of Seismic Codes * Discuss howsF these steps relate to the 10-point action plans they developed. SHOW OVERHEAD 28 or 29. 11:10i Recap (30 mins.) © * Review the three group exercises: Community Earthquake Risk Responding to Arguments Against Seismic Codes Action Plan for Adoption/Enforcement * Describe follow-up actions: The next step. * Questions/feedback: Any questions? Reaction to the workshop presentation? Is the information relevant to them? What additional help would they like from the state? NOTE: You may want to develop a short questionnaire to solicit participant feedback. Finally, be sure to have copies of the brochures available for participants to help deliver. 134 Appendix G One-HourWorkshop 1:00 Introduction (5 mins.) ® DEFINE PURPOSE: Today we're going to talk about earthquakes and how they can affect communities. Very few parts of the United States are completely free of potential earthquake damage. This morning's presentation will cover three main areas: SHOW OVERHEAD 1. 1. Community risk for damage from earthquake activity. 2. Purpose of building codes, and how they help to protect the community from seismic risk. 3. Importance of following through by enforcing the building code, and how this too can benefit the community. 1:05 Community Risk (10 mins.) ® ASK: How many damaging U.S. earthquakes can they name? USE HANDOUTS: A) Seismic hazard map; B) Historic earthquakes in 36 states SHOW OVERHEAD 3: seismic hazard map. This map shows the seismic hazards for the entire United States. USE HANDOUT C: MMI scale explanation, descriptions of effects of various MMIs: * Explain Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale (describes effects, not magnitude). SHOW OVERHEAD 5. * Focus on local MMI potential and show additional damage images. SHOW: maps and images of historic local earthquakes, and, if maps are available, anticipated earthquakes. A good source of information is USGS Professional Paper 1527; HANDOUT B is a list, taken from that publication, of example earthquakes from 36 states. 1:15 Purpose and History of Building Codes (5 mins.) ® USE HANDOUTS: E) Purpose and history of building codes; F) Model building codes POINT TO MAKE: The safest and most cost-effective way to guard against earthquake damage is to construct buildings that are designed to withstand seismic events. These building specifications are contained in the model building codes. * Purpose and history of building codes: SHOW OVERHEAD 18. 1:20 Seismic Code Provisions (10 mins.) ® USE HANDOUTS: G) Purpose of seismic code provisions; H) Seismic codes are effective; I) Seismic codes are inexpensive DISCUSS: seismic provisions in the building codes. * Purpose of seismic codes provisions: SHOW OVERHEAD 20. * History and of seismic codes (becoming the national norm: Executive Order 12699): SHOW OVERHEAD 21. * Seismic codes are inexpensive: SHOW OVERHEAD 23. · Benefits outweigh the costs: SHOW OVERHEAD 24. * All model codes contain seismic provisions appropriate to the community's level of risk. 1:30 Code Adoption (10 mins.) ® USE HANDOUT P: Steps for adoption of seismic codes * Steps for adoption of seismic codes: SHOW OVERHEAD 28. * Current code situation for this locality and nearby areas. * How the community can adopt a code. SampteWorkshop Presentations 135 1:40 Group Response (10 mnins.) ASK: What is their reaction so far? Do they have any specific concerns or questions? Any objections? USE HANDOUT K: Arguments in favor of seismic codes * Present arguments in favor of seismic codes: SHOW OVERHEAD 25. 1:50 Code Enforcement (5 mins.) USE HKNDOUTS: L) Enforcing the seismic code: a critical link; M) Five elements of effective code enforcement; Q) Steps for enforcement of seismic codes POINT TO MAKE: Having a building code with current seismic provisions is the first part of a two-part process. The second part is folowving through and making sure the code is enforced. * Five elements of effective code enforcement: SHOW OVERHEAD 27. Code provisions must be up to date Builders must apply for permits A qualified reviewer must review building plans Construction should proceed according to approved plans A qualified inspector must inspect the construction · Discuss steps for enforcement: SHOW OVERHEAD 29. 1:55 Questions and Challenges (5 mins.) ® * Questions/feedback: Any questions? Reaction to the workshop presentation? Is the information relevant to them? What other groups do they think could benefit from this presentation? NOTE: You may want to develop a short questionnaire to solicit participant feedback. Finally, be sure to have copies of the brochures available for participants to help deliver. Appendix G 136 List of workshop handouts and overheads Use this list to organize your presentation materials: OVERHEADS: 1. Three Main Areas Covered 2. Known Historic Earthquakes in 47 States U.S. Seismic Hazard Map 3. Seismic Design Concepts (lateral forces, ductility, and drift) 4. Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale (explanation with MMI maps) 5. Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale (chart) 6. MMIi VI* Effects 7. Photo Caption: Paintstore affected by the San Fernando earthquake, 1971. MI VII* Effects 8. Photo Caption: Sidewalk in downtown, Oakland, California, 1989. Loma Prietaearthquake. (Photo: Rob Olshansky) 9. MMI VIII* Effects Photo Caption: Downtown, Oakland, California, 1989. Loma Prietaearthquake. (Photo: Rob Olshansky) 10. MMI VIII* Damage Photo Caption: Bakery, Watsonville, California, 1989. Loma Prietaearthquake. (Photo: Rob Olshansky) 11. MMI VIII* Damage Photo Caption: Classroom, Coalinga, California, 1983. (Photo: EERI) 12. MMI VIII* Damage Photo Caption:House damaged in the Loma Prietaearthquake, 1989 (Photo: EERI) 13. MMI IX* Effects Photo Caption: Collapse of 1-880, Oakland California, 1989. Loma Prietaearthquake. (Photo: J. David Rogers) 14. NMI IX* Damage Photo Caption: Strip mall, Northridge, California, 1994. (Photo: Rob 0lshansky) 15. MMI IX* Damage Photo Caption: Northridge, California, 1994. (Photo: Rob Olshansky) 16. Characteristics of Dangerous Buildings 17. Identifying Critical Structures 18. Purpose and History of Building Codes 19. Model Building Codes 20. Purpose of Seismic Code Provisions 21. Seismic Building Code Timeline 22. Seismic Codes are Effective 23. Seismic Codes are Inexpensive 24. Studies Indicate That the Benefits of Seismic Codes Outweigh the Costs Arguments in Favor of Seismic Codes 25. Poor Code Enforcement Results in Deficient Buildings (Hurricane Andrew) 26. Five Elements of Effective Code Enforcement 27. Adopting Seismic Code Provisions 28. Establishing an Effective Building Code Enforcement Program 29.