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1. The Sounds of Silence: Language, Cognition, and Anxiety in Selective Mutism (EJ777644)
Author(s):
Manassis, Katharina; Tannock, Rosemary; Garland, E. Jane; Minde, Klaus; McInnes, Alison; Clark, Sandra
Source:
Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, v46 n9 p1187 Sep 2007
Pub Date:
2007-09-00
Pub Type(s):
Journal Articles; Reports - Research
Peer-Reviewed:
Yes
Descriptors: Oral Language; Memory; Severity (of Disability); Anxiety; Children; Control Groups; Age Differences; Intervention; Interpersonal Communication; Withdrawal (Psychology); Child Language; Language Impairments
Abstract: Objectives: To determine whether oral language, working memory, and social anxiety differentiate children with selective mutism (SM), children with anxiety disorders (ANX), and normal controls (NCs) and explore predictors of mutism severity. Method: Children ages 6 to 10 years with SM (n = 44) were compared with children with ANX (n = 28) and NCs (n = 19) of similar age on standardized measures of language, nonverbal working memory, and social anxiety. Variables correlating with mutism severity were entered in stepwise regressions to determine predictors of mute behavior in SM. Results: Children with SM scored significantly lower on standardized language measures than children with ANX and NCs and showed greater visual memory deficits and social anxiety relative to these two groups. Age and receptive grammar ability predicted less severe mutism, whereas social anxiety predicted more severe mutism. These factors accounted for 38% of the variance in mutism severity. Conclusions: Social anxiety and language deficits are evident in SM, may predict mutism severity, and should be evaluated in clinical assessment. Replication is indicated, as are further studies of cognition and of intervention in SM, using large, diverse samples. (Contains 3 tables.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
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2. Choosing a Career in Psychiatry: Influential Factors within a Medical School Program (EJ808468)
Manassis, Katharina; Katz, Mark; Lofchy, Jodi; Wiesenthal, Stephanie
Academic Psychiatry, v30 n4 p325-329 Aug 2006
2006-08-00
Journal Articles; Reports - Evaluative
Descriptors: Enrichment Activities; Medical Schools; Career Choice; Psychiatry; Clinical Experience; Surveys; Sample Size; Student Recruitment; Graduate Medical Education
Abstract: Objective: To examine the influence of initial interest, pre-clerkship experiences, clerkship experiences, and enrichment activities on choosing a career in psychiatry. Method: Residents in psychiatry at the authors' medical school completed a survey that examined each of these factors in relation to career choice. Results: Thirty participants ranked initial interest as the most influential factor. Thirteen residents with low initial interest ranked clerkship experiences and negative experiences in other specialties as more influential than the 17 residents with high initial interest. Twelve residents who had attended the authors' medical school rated enrichment activities, particularly psychiatry electives, as more influential than the remaining 18 from other medical schools did. Conclusions: Although limited by small sample size and potential recall biases, this study suggests that positive clerkship experiences and participation in psychiatry electives may be modifiable programmatic factors that could enhance recruitment to psychiatry. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
3. Beyond Behavioral Inhibition: Etiological Factors in Childhood Anxiety (EJ803767)
Manassis, Katharina; Hudson, Jennifer L.; Webb, Alicia; Albano, Anne Marie
Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, v11 n1 p3-12 Win 2004
2004-00-00
Journal Articles; Reports - Descriptive
Descriptors: Models; Inhibition; Psychopathology; Children; Coping; Cultural Influences; Anxiety; Emotional Adjustment; Predictor Variables; Parenting Styles; Behavior Theories; Psychological Studies; Health Education
Abstract: Theoretical models of childhood anxiety have emphasized temperamental vulnerability, principally behavioral inhibition, and its interaction with various environmental factors promoting anxiety (for example, overprotective parenting, insecure attachment, life stress). Although clearly establishing the importance of both nature and nurture in anxious psychopathology, these models have not adequately explained the diversity of anxiety disorders presenting in childhood, the fact that some children's diagnoses change over time, and the progression (in some children) from highly comorbid presentations in middle childhood to one predominant disorder in adolescence. This article presents additional factors that may be helpful to consider when trying to understand these findings and describes applications to promote healthy adjustment in anxious youngsters. Such factors include specific risks for certain disorders, developmental changes and cultural factors affecting the intensity and expression of anxiety, and the emergence of various more or less adaptive coping styles. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
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