IS STILL THERE. THE JUDEO-CHRISTIAN TRADITION AS INTERPRETED BY
           THE RADICAL PROTESTANT SECTS TO WHICH BELONGED SO MANY OF THE
           ORIGINAL EUROPEAN SETTLERS IN BRITISH NORTH AMERICA. AND LET'S
           -- LUTZ?
           HIS WORK "THE ORIGINS OF AMERICAN CONSTITUTIONALISM"
           
           SAYS THIS: "THE TRIBES OF ISRAEL SHARED A COVENANT THAT MADE
           THEM A NATION. AMERICAN FEDERALISM RIDGE NAMED AT LEAST IN PART

           IN THE DISSENTING PROTESTANTS EAP FAMILIARITY WITH THE BIBLE."
           MR. PRESIDENT, THE EARLY CALL HAVE A ANALYST THE SET LEVERS WHO
           CAME TO THIS COUNTRY FROM THE OLD WORLD BROUGHT WITH THEM A
           FAMILIARITY WITH THE OLD TEST TAFMT COVENANTS THAT MADE THEM HE
           -- TESTAMENT COVENANTS THAT MADE THEM ESPECIALLY APT IN THE
           FORMULATION OF DOCUMENTS AND CONSTITUTIONS. NOW LET ME REFER TO
           WYNTON U. SOLBERG. HE TELLS US THAT IN 17TH CENTURY CONIAL

           THOUGHT, DIVINE LAW, A FUSION OF THE LAW OF NATURE AND OLD AND
           NEW TESTAMENTS, USE -- STOOD AS FUNDAMENTAL LAW. THE MAYFLOWER
           COP PACT. HOW MANY OF US LIKE TO CLAIM OUR ANOTHER BEARS WERE
           ON THE MAYFLOWER?
           OH, THEY WERE THERE. THEY WERE ON THE MAYFLOWER. WELL THERE WAS
           SUCH A THING WRITTEN AS THE MAYFLOWER COMPACT. THE MAYFLOWER
           COME PACT EXEMPT PLIERFICE THE COVENANT OF CONTRACT. PURE TIM

           EXALTED THE BIBLICAL WILL COME PE EVIDENT AND DREW ON
           SCRIPTURAL PASSAGES FOR A THEOLOGICAL OUTLOOK. CALLED THE COULD
           HAVE SENATE FOR FEDERAL THEOLOGY, THIS WAS A REALLY OF
           CONTRACT. REGARDING MAN'S RELATIONS WITH GOD AND THE NATURE OF
           CHURCH AND STATE. IF WE EXAMINE THE PUBLIC POLITICAL LITERATURE
           WRITTEN BETWEEN 1760 AND 180 A, THE BOOK -- 1805, THE BOOK MOST
           RECENTLY CITED IN THAT LITERATURE IS THE BIBLE. LET ME SAY THAT

           AGAIN. IF WE EXAMINE THE PUBLIC POLITICAL LITERATURE WRITTEN
           BETWEEN 1760 AND 1805, THE BOOK MOST FREQUENTLY CITED IN THAT
           LITERATURE IS THE BIBLE. ST. PAUL, THE GREAT APOSTLE IS CITED
           ABOUT AS FREQUENTLY AS MONTESQUIEU AND BLACK STONE, THE TWO
           MOST CITED SECULAR AUTHORS. DEUTERONOMY IS CITED ALMOST TWICE
           AS OFTEN AS ALL OF LOCKE'S WRITING PUT TOGETHER. MANY OF THE

           REFERENCES TO THE BIBLE CAME FROM REPRINTED SERMONS. OTHER
           CITATIONS CAME FROM SECULAR WORKS. ST. PAUL WAS THE FAVORITE IN
           THE NEW TESTAMENT, ESPECIALLY HIS EPISTLE TO THE ROMANCE IN
           WHICH HE DISCUSSES THE BAY SINCE NOR AND THE LIMITS ON OPEN
           BEAD YENS TO POLITICAL AUTHORITY. FROM THE OLD TESTAMENT,
           DEUTERONOMY WAS THE MOST CREATED BOOK FOLLOWED BY ISAIAH,
           GENESIS, EXODUS, AND LEVITICUS. THE AUTHOR'S MOST FREQUENTLY

           REFERRED TO THE SECTIONS ABOUT COVENANTS AND GOD'S PROMISES TO
           ISRAEL. THE MOVEMENT TOWARD INDEPENDENCE FOUND THE CLERGY OUT
           IN FRONT. THE MOVEMENT TOWARD INDEPENDENCE IN THIS COUNTRY,
           FOUND THE CLERGY OUT IN FRONT. NOT BACK IN THE CLOSET. OUT IN

           FRONT. AND THE CLERGY WERE MOST VIGOROUS IN MAINTAINING MORALE
           DURING THE REVENUESNARY WAR. IN READING IN THE LITERATURE OF
           THE WAR YEARS ONE CANNOT BUT BE STRUCK BY THE EXTENT TO WHICH
           BIBLICAL SOURCES USED BY MINISTERS AND TRADITIONAL WMI WMIGS
           UNDER GIRDED THE JUSTIFICATION WITH THE BREAK WITH GREAT
           BRITAIN. THE RATIONALE NOR TIPPING THE WAR AND THE BASIC
           PRINCIPLES OF AMERICANS WRITING THEIR OWN CONSTITUTIONS AT THE

           STATE LEVEL. LET US LOOK AT THE AT THE MAYFLOWER COMPACT. ON
           NOVEMBER 11, 1620, HERE IS
           
           WHAT THEY WROTE: "IN THE NAME OF GOD, AMEN." "WE WHOSE NAMES
           ARE UNDERWRITTEN, THE LOYAL SUBJECTS OF OUR DREAD SOVEREIGN

           LORD, KING JAMES, BY THE GRACE OF GOD, HAVING UNDERTAKEN FOR
           THE GLORY OF GOD AND ADVANCEMENT OF THE CHRISTIAN FAITH, BY
           THESE PRESENTS SOLEMNLY AND MUTUALLY IN THE PRESENCE OF GOD AND
           OF ONE ANOTHER COVENANT AND COMBINE OURSELVES TOGETHER INTO A
           CIVIL BODY POLITIC FOR OUR BETTER ORDERING AND PRESERVATION AND
           FURTHERANCE OF THE ENDS A FORE SAID AND BY VIRTUE HERE OFTEN
           ACT CONSTITUTE AND FRAME SUCH JUST AND EQUAL LAWS, ORDNANCES,

           ABSENT, CONSTITUTIONS AND OFFICES FROM TIME TO TIME AS SHALL BE
           THOUGHT MOST CONVENIENT FOR THE GENERAL GOOD OF THE COLONY
           UNDER WHICH WE PROMISE ALL DUE SUBMISSION AND OBEDIENCE. THAT
           WAS THE MAYFLOWER COMPACT. THOSE AUTHORS OF THE MAYFLOWER
           COMPACT HAD NO HESITATION ABOUT MENTIONING GOD. THEY HAD NO --

           THEY HAD NO HESITATION ABOUT PLACING THEIR LIVES IN HIS HANDS.
           AND SAYING SO. NOW, LET US EXAMINE BRIEFLY THE FUNDAMENTAL
           ORDERS OF CONNECTICUT. HERE WE WILL FIND MANY REFERENCES TO THE
           DEITY. IN THESE ORDERS WHICH WERE ADOPTED BY A POPULAR
           CONVENTION OF THE THREE TOWNS OF WINDSOR, HEART IN ORDER AND
           WEATHERS FIELD JANUARY 14, 16 3-9D. -- JANUARY 14, 1639. 361

           YEARS AGO. THE FORM, ACCORDING TO HI STOREIANS WAS THE FIRST
           WRITTEN CONSTITUTION. HERE IS THE FIRST WRITTEN CONSTITUTION.
           IN THE MODERN SENSE OF THE TERM AS A PERMANENT LIMITATION ON
           GOVERNMENTAL POWER KNOWN IN HISTORY AND CERTAINLY THE FIRST
           AMERICAN CONSTITUTION OF GOVERNMENT TO EMBODY THE DEMOCRATIC
           IDEA. I SHALL QUOTE THE FOLLOWING REFERENCES TO THE DEITY
           THROOP IN THE FUNDAMENTAL ORDERS OF CONNECTICUT. MAY I SAY TO

           THE DISTINGUISHED PRESIDING OFFICER. THE SENATOR FROM ARIZONA.
           "FORASMUCH AS IT HAS PLEASED THE ALMIGHTY GOD BY THE WISE
           DISPOSITION OF HIS DIVINE PROVIDENCE AND WELL KNOWING WHERE A
           PEOPLE ARE GATHERED TOGETHER THE WORD OF GOD REQUIRES THAT TO
           MAINTAIN THE PEARS AND UNION OF SUCH A PEOPLE THERE SHALL BE AN
           OR AND DECENT GOVERNMENT ESTABLISHED ACCORD TO GOD TO PRESERVE
           THE GOSPEL OF OUR LORD JESUS CHRIST WHICH WE NOW PROFESS, DO

           SWEAR BY THE GREAT AND THE DREADFUL NAME EVER THE EVERLASTING
           GOD. SO HELP ME GOD, IN THE NAME OF THE LORD JESUS CHRIST,
           ACCORDING TO THE RIGHTEOUS RULE OF GOD'S WORD, SO HELP ME GOD,"
           AND SO FORTH. NOW, MR. PRESIDENT, LET US LOOK AT THE OPENING
           WORDS OF THE TREATY WITH GREAT BRITAIN IN 17893. -- 1783. JUST
           217 YEARS AGO. PROVIDING FOR THE COMPLETE INDEPENDENCE OF THE
           AMERICAN STATES AND ACKNOWLEDGMENT BY GREAT PRIN BRITAIN.
           

           AND I QUOTE: "IN THE NAME OF THE MOST MOW HOLY AND UNDIVIDED
           TRINITY, IT HAVING PLEASED THE DIVINE PROVIDENCE TO DISPOSE THE
           HEARTS OF THE MOST IS HE CONVENIENT AND MOST POTENT PRINCE,
           GEORGE THE III BY THE GRACE OF GOD," AND SO FORTH. MR.
           PRESIDENT, THE FOREGOING EXTRACTS AND MANY OTHERS -- MANY
           OTHERS, HAVE AMERICAN HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS ARE SUFFICIENT TO
           IMPRESS US WITH THE FACT THAT RELIGIOUS CONVICTION PERSONAL

           YAILTED THE BLOODSTREAM OF AMERICAN CONSTITUTIONALISM. AND
           AMERICAN STATE CRAFT, AS FAR HAS 200 YEARS PRIOR TO THE WRITING
           OF THE CONSTITUTION IN 177. NOW LET US EXAMINE THE FIRST
           INAUGURAL ADDRESS -- 189. NOW LET US ADDRESS THE FIRST
           INAUGURAL ADDRESS OF GEORGE WASHINGTON, 179. HE WAS CHAIRMAN OF
           THE DEPRUCH THAT FRAIFIRMD THE CON STURGSE. THIS IS THE
           GREATEST PRESIDENT THAT WE HAVE EVER HAD. A FEW EXTRACTS THEIR

           FROM LEAVE NO DOUBT AS TO WHERE THE NATION'S FIRST PRESIDENT
           STOOD WHEN IT KAIFMS TO RELIGIOUS EXPRESSION IN MATTERS
           PERTAINING TO GOVERNMENT. I QUOTE, "IT WOULD BE PECULIARLY
           IMPROPER TO OMIT IN THIS FIRST OFFICIAL ACT MY FERVENT
           SUPPLICATIONS TO THAT ALMIGHTY BEING WHO RULES OVER THE

           UNIVERSE, WHO PRESIDES IN THE COUNCIL'S OF NATIONS MUCH WHOSE
           PROVIDENTIAL HADS CAN SUPPLY EVERY HUMAN DEFECT THAT HIS
           BENEDICTION MAY CONSECRATE TO THE LICENSE E. LNTS AND HAPPINESS
           OF THE PEOPLE OF UNITED STATES A GOVERNMENT, INSTITUTED BY
           THEMSELVES FOR THESE ESSENTIAL PURPOSES AND MAY ENABLE EVERY
           INSTRUMENT PLOICHED IN ITS ADMINISTRATION TO EXECUTE WITH SUCH
           THE FUNCTIONS ALLOTTED TO HIS CHARGE. IN TENDERING THIS HO MAKL

           TO THE GREAT AUTHOR OF EVERY PUBLIC AND PRIVATE GOOD, I ASSURE
           MYSELF" THIS IS GEORGE WASHINGTON TALKING "I ASSURE MYSELF IT
           EXPRESSIONS YOUR TEN E. ACCEPT TIMTS NOT LESS THAN MY OWN. NOR
           THOSE OF MY FELLOW CITIZENS AT LARGE LESS THAN EITHER. NO
           PEOPLE CAN BE BOUND TO ACKNOWLEDGE AND ADORE THE INVISIBLE HAND
           WHICH CONDUCTS THE AIR FARES OF MEN MORE THAN THE PEOPLE OF THE
           UNITED STATES. EVERY STEP BY WHICH THEY HAVE ADVANCED TO THE

           CHARACTER HE HAVE AN INDEPENDENT NATION SEEMS TO HAVE BEEN
           DISTINGUISHED BID SOME TOKEN OF PROVIDENTIAL AGENCY." NOW
           THAT'S GEORGE WASHINGTON. THE FATHER OF OUR COUNTRY. THE
           COMMANDER IN CHIEF AT VALLEY FORD. PRESIDING OFFICER OF THE
           CONSTITUTION AL CONVENTION. THE FIRST PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED
           STATES. AND THE BEST. BY ANY MEASURE. BY ANY STANDARD. HE HAD
           NO HESITANCY. SPEAKING OF THAT INVISIBLE HAND THAT GUIDES THE

           DEFENDANT ANY OF THIS NATION, OH, THAT HE WERE ALIVE TODAY. AND
           A MEMBER OF THIS SENATE. OR A MEMBER OF THE SUPREME COURT OF
           UNITED STATES. OR PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES AGAIN. HOW
           CLEAR, HOW INCISIVE, HOW POWERFUL WERE THESE ALLUSION TOSS GOD
           BY OUR FIRST AND GREATEST PRESIDENT?
           FURTHER EXPRESSES BY GEORGE WASHINGTON IN THAT SAME STPHAURL
           ADDRESS WERE IN INDICATIVE OF AN UNABASHED RELIGIOUS FAITH. I

           QUOTE WASHINGTON AGAIN. "SINCE WE OUGHT TO BE NO LESS PERSUADED
           THAT THE PROPITIOUS SMILES OF HEAVEN CAN NEVER BE EXPECTED ON A
           NATION THAT DISREGARDS THE ETERNAL ORDERS OF WRONG AND RIGHT
           WHICH HE VERY ITSELF HAS OR DAIPED I SHALL TAKE MY PRESENT LEAD
           BUT NOT WITHOUT RESORTING ONCE MORE TO THE BENIGN PARENT OF THE
           HUMAN RACE IN HUMBLE SUPPLICATION THAT SINCE HE HAS BEEN
           PLEASED TO FAVOR THE AMERICAN PEOPLE WITH OPPORTUNITIES FOR

           DELIBERATING AND PERFECT TRANQUILITY, SO HIS DIVINE BLESSING
           MAY BE EQUALLY CONSPICUOUS IN THE ENLARGED VIEWS, THE TEMPERATE
           KOULT TAIGSS AND WISE MEASURES ON WHICH THE SUCCESS OF THIS
           GOVERNMENT MUST DEPEND." THERE YOU HAVE IT. HAVING QUOTED FROM
           GEORGE WASHINGTON'S FIRST INAUGURAL ADDRESS, NOW LET ME QUOTE

           BRIEFLY FROM LINCOLN'S FIRST INAUGURAL ADDRESS. NO HESITANCY
           HERE. NO HESITANCY ABOUT CALLING UPON THE CREATOR.
           
           HERE IS WHAT LINCOLN SAID: "IF THE ALMIGHTY RULER OF NATIONS"
           GET THAT -- "IN THE ALMIGHTY RULER OF NATIONS." HE IS NOT
           TALKING ABOUT KING GEORGE III OR -- HE IS TALKING ABOUT THE AL

           MUTE I RULER OF NATIONS. IF THE ALL MIGHTY RULER OF NATIONS
           "WITH HIS TRUTH AND JUSTICE BE ON YOUR SIDE OF THE NORTH OR ON
           YOUR U. YOURS OF THE SOUTH, THAT TRUTH AND THAT UNITED STATES
           THINKS WILL SURELY PREVAIL BY THE JUDGMENT OF THIS GREAT TRY
           BUNE ALING OF THE AMERICAN PEOPLE. INTELLIGENCE, PATRIOTISM,
           CHRIS TABIT AND A FIRM RELIANCE ON HIM WHO HAS NEVER YET FORE
           SATISFY THIS FAVORED LAND ARE STILL COMPETENT TO ADJUST IN THE

           BEST WAY POSSIBLE ALL OUR PRESENT DIFFICULTY." MR. PRESIDENT,
           ISSUING THE
{END: 2000/07/17 TIME: 13-30 , Mon.  106TH SENATE, SECOND SESSION}