ARS | Publication request: Rapid Increase of Tropical Spiderwort (Commelina Benghalensis L.) in Herbicide-Resistant Crops of Southeastern Usa Agroecosystems

Submitted to: Ecological Society of America Proceedings
Publication Type: Abstract
Publication Acceptance Date: April 1, 2003
Publication Date: October 1, 2003
Citation: Burton, M.G., Webster, T.M., Prostko, E.P., Culpepper, A.S., York, A.C., Sermons, S. 2003. Rapid increase of Tropical spiderwort (Commelina benghalensis L.) in herbicide-resistant crops of southeastern USA agroecosystems [abstract]. Ecological Society Abstracts. 88:51-52.

Technical Abstract: Tropical spiderwort is a terrestrial, exotic invasive weed and on the federal noxious weed list. Although previously not known to occur north of Georgia, this troublesome weed species was positively identified in North Carolina in September 2001. Affected states are now known to include California, Florida, Georgia (where it is now considered the most troublesome weed species in agro-ecosystems), Louisiana, and North Carolina. This species has been observed to increase rapidly in cropping systems. Notably, the most dramatic increase occurs where herbicide-resistant crops are used in successive years. Preliminary results (20% of counties responding) from a Georgia survey indicate that this species occurs in at least 29 counties, and is considered a moderate or greater problem in >17 counties. Results from growth chamber experiments demonstrate that temperature optima for plant growth are in the range of 30 to 35 C, suggesting the climate of the southeast USA may be suitable for rapid growth and reproduction. In herbicide resistant cropping systems, tropical spiderwort populations escape weed management tactics with a broad period of germination, rapid production of rhizomes, and an ability to vegetatively regenerate from cut stem sections. Tropical spiderwort also produces aerial chasmogamous flowers that can produce viable seeds within 25-d of flowering. Coordinated state, regional, and federal efforts/funds are needed to prevent further spread and economic injury from tropical spiderwort.