How XRD Works
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Shown is the lattice structure of quartz (five horizontal lines), the spacing
between each lattice (d), the angle of diffraction (theta), the wavelength of
the x-ray beam, and the Bragg equation. The equation represents the mathematical
relationship of all components just mentioned to allow for analytical
determinations. An x-ray beam is produced using a high energy source applied to
a vacuum tube, a sample placed in the path of the beam diffracts the x-rays in a
signature pattern according to the lattice structure of any crystalline
substance present, and the resulting diffracted pattern intensity is counted at
specific angles with a rotating detector. Results taken from the detector and
compared to analytical standards to determine amount present on each sample.
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