ANL/NDM-143

A Compilation of Information on the ³²S(p,g )³³Cl

Reaction and Properties of Excited Levels in ³³Cl ^a

Roy E. Miller and Donald L. Smith

Technology Development Division

TD-207

Argonne National Laboratory

9700 South Cass Avenue

Argonne, Illinois 60439

U.S.A.

July 1997

DATA COMPILATION. Nuclear reaction ³²S(p,g )³³Cl. Nuclear properties ³³Cl. Astrophysics. Resonance properties (p + ³²S). Reaction rates. Cross sections. Level structures. Level spins. Gamma-ray transitions. Gamma-ray angular distributions. Gamma-ray multipole mixing ratios. Lifetimes of ³³Cl excited states. Compound nucleus (p + ³²S).

__________

^{a This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Research Programs, under Contract W-31-109-Eng-38.
Nuclear Data and Measurement Series

The Nuclear Data and Measurement Series presents results of studies in the field of microscopic nuclear data. The primary objective is the dissemination of information in the comprehensive form required for nuclear technology applications. This Series is devoted to: a) measured microscopic nuclear parameters, b) experimental techniques and facilities employed in measurements, c) the analysis, correlation and interpretation of nuclear data, and d) the compilation and evaluation of nuclear data. Contributions to this Series are reviewed to assure technical competence and, unless otherwise stated, the contents can be formally referenced. This Series does not supplant formal journal publication, but it does provide the more extensive information required for technological applications (e.g., tabulated numerical data) in a timely manner.

Table of Contents

Information About Other Issues of the ANL/NDM Series 5

Abstract 9

1... Introduction 11

2. Summaries of Work Reported in the Literature 13

3. Resonance Properties and Concluding Remarks 39

Acknowledgements 41

References 42

Appendix A: Compiled Information in EXFOR Format 45

Appendix B: Unused References from NSR 64

Information About Other Issues of the ANL/NDM Series

A list of titles and authors for previous issues appears in each report of the Series. The list for reports ANL/NDM-1 through ANL/NDM-75 appears in ANL/NDM-76. Report ANL/NDM-91 contains the list for reports ANL/NDM-76 through ANL/NDM-90. Report ANL/NDM-128 contains the list for reports ANL/NDM-91 through ANL/NDM-127. Below is the list for ANL/NDM-125 through ANL/NDM-142. Requests for a complete list of titles or for copies of previous reports in this Series should be directed to:

Donald L. Smith
Nuclear Data Program
Technology Development Division
TD-207-DB116
Argonne National Laboratory
9700 South Cass Avenue
Argonne, Illinois 60439
U.S.A.

ANL/NDM-125

A.B. Smith and P.T. Guenther, Fast-neutron Scattering Near Shell Closures: Scandium, August 1992.

ANL/NDM-126

A.B. Smith, J.W. Meadows and R.J. Howerton, A Basic Evaluated Neutronic Data File for Elemental Scandium, November 1992.

ANL/NDM-127

A.B. Smith and P.T. Guenther, Fast-neutron Interaction with Collective Cadmium Nuclei, November 1992.

ANL/NDM-128

Donald L. Smith, A Least-squares Computational "Tool Kit", April 1993.

ANL/NDM-129

Joseph McCabe, A.B. Smith and J.W. Meadows, Evaluated Nuclear Data Files for the Naturally Occurring Isotopes of Cadmium, June 1993.

ANL/NDM-130

A.B. Smith and P.T. Guenther, Fast-neutron Interaction with the Fission Product ¹⁰³Rh, September 1993.

ANL/NDM-131

A.B. Smith and P.T. Guenther, Fast-neutron Scattering from Vibrational Palladium Nuclei, October 1993.

ANL/NDM-132

A.B. Smith, Neutron Interaction with Doubly-magic ⁴⁰Ca, December 1993.

ANL/NDM-133

A.B. Smith, Neutron Scattering at Z=50:- Tin, September 1994.

ANL/NDM-134

A.B. Smith, S. Chiba and J.W. Meadows, An Evaluated Neutronic File for Elemental Zirconium, September 1994.

ANL/NDM-135

A.B. Smith, Neutron Scattering from Elemental Uranium and Thorium, February 1995.

ANL/NDM-136

A.B. Smith, Neutron Scattering and Models:- Iron, August 1995.

ANL/NDM-137

A.B. Smith, Neutron Scattering and Models:- Silver, July 1996.

ANL/NDM-138

A.B. Smith, Neutron Scattering and Models:- Chromium, June 1996.

ANL/NDM-139

W.P. Poenitz and S.E. Aumeier, The Simultaneous Evaluation of the Standards and Other Cross Sections of Importance for Technology, September 1997.
ANL/NDM-140

Jason T. Daly and Donald L. Smith, A Compilation of Information on the ³¹P(p,g
)³²S Reaction and Properties of Excited Levels in ³²S, November 1997.

ANL/NDM-141

A.B. Smith, Neutron Scattering and Models:- Titanium, July 1997.

ANL/NDM-142

A.B. Smith, Neutron Scattering and Models:- Molybdenum, November 1997.

A Compilation of Information on the ³²S(p,γ)³³Cl

Reaction and Properties of Excited Levels in ³³Cl ^a}

Roy E. Miller ^b and Donald L. Smith

Technology Development Division

TD-207

Argonne National Laboratory

9700 South Cass Avenue

Argonne, Illinois 60439

U.S.A.

Abstract

This report documents a survey of the literature, and provides a compilation of data contained therein, for the ³²S(p,γ)³³Cl reaction. Considerable attention is paid to properties of the levels in ³³Cl which are located in the vicinity of excitation of the compound-nuclear system ³²S + p near the proton separation energy for ³³Cl. It is this particular energy region which is especially important for applications in nuclear astrophysics. Summaries of all the located references are provided and numerical data contained in them are compiled in EXFOR format where applicable.

__________

^{a This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Research Programs, under Contract W-31-109-Eng-38.
^{b Participant in the Argonne National Laboratory Summer 1997 Student Research Participation Program administered by the Division of Educational Programs.

1. Introduction

The (p,γ) and (p,α) hydrogen-burning reactions for nuclei in the mass range A = 30-50 are important for understanding energy generation and nucleosynthesis in hot and explosive stellar environments such as those found in novas and supernovas [A96, C83, RR88]. Reactions of the type (p,γ) contribute to the production of progressively heavier nuclei while (p,α) reactions are responsible in part for their destruction. Detailed knowledge of the competition between these reaction processes is of considerable importance in gaining an understanding of the relative abundances of various nuclear species that are generated in hot stellar environments and ultimately ejected into the interstellar medium as a consequence of violent nova and supernova processes.

Due to Coulomb barrier effects, the cross sections for these reactions tend to be quite small and difficult if not impossible to measure directly for energies of astrophysical interest. Furthermore, they tend to vary rapidly with interaction energy. The corresponding reaction rates for a Maxwellian distribution of reactant energies are also very sensitive to the temperature of stellar environment in question. Consequently, it is usually necessary to calculate the reaction cross sections using nuclear models and then derive reaction rates from these results. In the mass range A = 30-50, the cross sections can be influenced by prominent discrete resonances in the compound-nuclear systems as well as by continuum-compound and direct interaction processes. The relative importance of these mechanisms depends on structural details for the target nuclei involved. Extensive information on nuclear potentials, nuclear level densities, spins and parities of specific nuclear levels, and properties of discrete resonances and their decay modes (usually involving electromagnetic transitions) must be considered in performing these calculations.

A long-term program of compiling some of the important information needed for determining (p,γ) and (p,α) reaction rates involving targets in the mass range A = 30-50 has been undertaken at Argonne National Laboratory. The scope of this program is as follows: i) collect pertinent references from the literature; ii) prepare summaries of these references; iii) extract numerical values from these works and compile them in computerized data files for convenient access. Nuclear Science References (NSR) is used as the principal reference source for this activity [NSR97]. The emphasis, with a few exceptions, is on work reported during the last 30 years.

The present report focuses on the ³²S(p,γ)³³Cl reaction. A total of 27 reference citations pertaining to the ³²S(p,γ)³³Cl reaction were extracted from NSR. It was possible to locate 17 of these contributions through the available resources of the Argonne National Laboratory Technical Information Services. Summaries of these works appear in Section 2 while data files in EXFOR format [CINDA97], corresponding to references containing numerical as well as descriptive information, appear in Appendix A. The references to works included here are identified by codes for convenience in accessing the compiled information, e.g., the contribution of Aleonard et al. (1974) is identified by the code A+74. In some cases two or more references are collected under the same code because of similarity or duplication. Absolute values of resonance strengths S = (2J+1)Γ_pΓ_γ/Γ (where J = resonance spin, Γ_p = proton partial width,Γ_γ = gamma partial width and Γ = total width) for ³²S(p,γ)³³Cl which were reported in some of these references are collected into a single table (Table 2) in Section 3 of the present report to facilitate their comparison. These resonance strengths can be used directly in calculating reaction rates according to the formalism given in Rolfs and Rodney [RR88] and elsewhere.

Appendix B lists those references appearing in NSR which we were unable to locate in the present compilation effort. These references are given in the exact form in which they appear in the NSR citation. The list is included in this report for the convenience of those readers who might wish to try and locate some of these references and examine their content.

Table 1: References, Summaries and EXFOR Data Files Included in this Compilation

Ref. EXFOR
Code Author(s) Summary File Comment(s)
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A+74 Aleonard et al. X X
A+76 Aleonard et al. X X
EE66 Engelbertink and P.M. Endt X X
EIR72 Eswaran et al. X X
ERI73 Eswaran et al. X
E+72 Eswaran et al. Related to EIR72

E+74 Eswaran et al. Related to E+75
E+75 Eswaran et al. X (A)^a}H+72 Hubert et al. X (A) Related to A+74
I+92 Iliadis et al. X X
KRA75 Keinonen et al. X X
K+85 Kiss et al. X X
PGA70 Prosser et al. X (A)
RWK87 Raisanen et al. X X
S83 Sargood X X

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^{a (A): Summary consists of the given abstract only.

2. Summaries of Work Reported in the Literature

Written summaries were generated for those collected references where the content merited such an effort. Some of these references contain rather extensive information that is potentially useful for nuclear astrophysics applications while others are either abstracts or short communications that are basically extended abstracts. Repetition is avoided when identical material appears in more than one location. The lengths of the summaries presented here tend to reflect the relative content of pertinent information in the corresponding references. Those summaries with considerable information are organized according to a more or less standard format for the convenience of the reader. All the numerical information that was compiled in EXFOR format is printed in Appendix A but is not duplicated in the summaries.

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A+74

TITLE

Strengths of (p,γ) Resonances in ³³Cl, ³⁵Cl and ²⁸Si

REFERENCE

M.M. Aleonard, C. Boursiquot, P. Hubert and P. Mennrath, Physics Letters 49B, No. 1, 40 (1974).

ABSTRACT

Absolute strength measurements have been performed for the E_p= 580 and 588 keV ³²S(p,γ)³³Cl, E_p= 1214 keV ³⁴S(p,γ)³⁵Cl and E_p= 633 and 744 keV ²⁷Al(p,γ)²⁸Si resonances with a Ge(Li) detector. Results are discussed with regard to the decay of isobaric analog resonances in ³⁵Cl and ³⁷Cl.

REACTION
^{32S(p,γ)³³Cl

FACILITY

4-MV Van de Graaff accelerator, Centre d’Etudes Nucleaires de Bordeaux-Gradignan, France.

EXPERIMENT

Previously, absolute strength measurements had been hard to perform and often the discrepancies in the results were very large. The aim of this experiment was to benefit from the new, more reliable Ge(Li) detectors that had become available to measure absolute (p,γ) resonance strengths. Measurements are described for the following resonances: ³²S(p,γ)³³Cl ( E_p= 580 and 588 keV), ³⁴S(p,γ)³⁵Cl (E_p= 1214 keV) and ²⁷Al(p,γ)²⁸Si (E_p= 633 and 774 keV). The latter reaction was studied primarily as a check on the fidelity of the experimental procedures. Because of the importance of target stoichiometry, the elemental sulphur measurements were performed using more than one type of target, namely, the sulphur compounds Ag₂S, CdS and ZnS.

MEASUREMENT PROCEDURES

Most of the details of the apparatus and set-up for this experiment are described in a paper (in French) which documents an earlier investigation by Hubert et al. [H+72]. The abstract appears later in the present report. A brief description of these experimental issues and of the present experiment is included here: The 4-MV Van de Graaff accelerator at Centre d'Etudes Nucleaires de Bordeaux-Gradignan, France, was used. The proton beam from this accelerator was deflected through 90° by a magnet, passed through slits to stabilize and define it and then focused onto the target by a quadrupole lens doublet. A wall of 1-meter-thick concrete was placed between the target and exit slits (separated by 5 meters) in order to reduce the gammas and X-rays produced by the accelerator. In the present experiment the beam intensity was on the order of 10 microamperes so there were no problems with deadtime and target deterioration. The latter was checked before and after each measurement using a NaI detector. An 80-cm³ Ge(Li) detector was placed at an angle of 55° relative to the incident beam to measure gamma-ray yields. This detector's efficiency was determined using calibrated sources and gamma-rays from (p,γ) resonances whose decay schemes were well known. Proton charge was also recorded and a suppressor ring was set at a negative potential to minimize the effects of secondary electron emission. Proton-beam charge losses due to the cooling water jet were negligible and the accumulated charge was frequently checked for consistency using a current generator. The measurements were carried out using thick targets of Ag₂S, CdS and ZnS. The Ag₂S targets were prepared according to a method described by Watson et al. (Rev. Sci. Instr. 37, 1605, 1966) while the CdS and ZnS targets were prepared by evaporation in vacuo. Resonance strengths for the sulphur (p,γ) reactions were determined with all three of these targets in order to minimize systematic errors traceable to target stoichiometry. Fresh aluminum targets were always used for the measurements on ²⁷Al(p,γ)²⁸Si in order to minimize any effects of surface oxidation.

DATA ACQUIRED

Absolute resonance strengths were measured for each of the reactions and levels indicated above, using the three sulphur target types mentioned above and the observed yields of the strongest and/or most specific gamma-ray transitions (see Table 1 in the article [A+74]). Although of little direct interest here, relative strength measurements were also performed for the E_p= 588 (³³Cl) and 1214 keV (³⁵Cl) resonances in chlorine using a NaI detector and thin Ag₂S targets (see Table 2 in the article [A+74]). This study provided still another check on the reliability of the present results.

DATA ANALYSIS

The approach used in analyzing the data from this experiment is described briefly in the paper. The resonance strength is defined as S = (2J+1)Γ_pΓ_γ/Γ, where J is the spin of the resonance level and Γ_p, Γ_γ and Γ are the proton partial, gamma-ray partial and total widths, respectively. Good knowledge of isotopic constitution, proton stopping power, collected charge and Ge(Li) detector absolute efficiencies is required to convert the measured gamma-ray yields to resonance strengths. Data on the sulphur (p,γ) reactions obtained with three different targets were averaged to get final resonance strengths. Comparable, individually measured values agreed within the estimated errors. The relative (p,γ) resonance strengths for ³³Cl (E_p = 588 keV) and the ³⁵Cl (E_p = 1214 keV) were derived from thin target, NaI detector data without regard to either target constitution or proton stopping power.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The present absolute resonance-strength results were compared with previously reported values (see Table 1 in the article [A+74]). The discrepancies in the results of these various strength measurements are quite large, particularly for the sulphur (p,γ) reactions, however no explanation of the differences is offered in this paper. In the case of the ³³Cl (E_p = 588 keV) and the ³⁵Cl (E_p = 1214 keV) results, the experimental values are systematically much lower than comparable M1 strengths calculated from theory (see Table 2 in the article [A+74]). This suggests that it would be necessary to introduce more configuration mixing to describe the properties of the negative parity levels in these nuclei, however this is not a relevant issue in the present context.

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A+76

TITLE

Etude des Etats Excites du ³³Cl a l'Aide de la Reaction ³²S(p,γ)³³Cl

REFERENCE

M.M. Aleonard, Ph. Hubert, L. Sarger and P. Mennrath, Nuclear Physics A257, 490 (1976). [In French].

ABSTRACT

Energies and strengths of resonances of the ³²S(p,γ)³³Cl reaction were determined in the range E_p = 0.4-2.6 MeV. Three new resonances were observed respectively at E_p = 1588, 1748, 1880 keV and the doublet of resonances at E_p » 1900 keV was clearly shown. The (p,γ) strengths of resonances at E_p = 422, 580, 588, 721 and 2577 keV were measured with a 80 cm³ Ge(Li) detector. The Q-value of this reaction and the energies, γ-ray branchings and mean lifetimes of levels were determined. The spins and parities of the E_x = 2.35, 3.82, 3.97, 3.98, 4.78 MeV levels have been measured. A comparison of γ-ray transition strengths with mirror transitions and with model predictions is made in the present work [A+76].

REACTION

^{32S(p,γ)³³Cl

FACILITY

4-MV Van de Graaff accelerator, Centre d'Etudes Nucleaires de Bordeaux-Gradignan, France.

EXPERIMENT

The present work [A+76] was undertaken to extend and improve an investigation that was reported earlier [A+74]. It concerns the properties of levels in ³³Cl excited by the ³²S(p,γ)³³Cl reaction. In particular, measurements were made of gamma-ray branching, mean lifetimes, radiative widths of unbound states, and angular distributions and multipolarities of electromagnetic transitions which de-excite the levels of ³³Cl. This work also aimed at identifying new resonances in the ³²S(p,γ)³³Cl reaction and at producing accurate values for resonance energies and strengths associated with this process. Extensive analysis of these data in the context of nuclear models is carried out and comparisons with earlier work are presented.

MEASUREMENT PROCEDURES

The basic experimental approach has been described in the earlier communication [A+74]. The target was designed to be of relatively low mass. A negative bias was applied to the target assembly to minimize secondary-electron emission. The beam passed through a liquid nitrogen cold trap that was intended to trap vapors of carbon and fluorine that might contaminate the targets. Beam energy resolution on the order of 1 keV at E_p = 1750 keV was obtained. Targets of sulphur enriched to 99.86% ³²S were utilized for nearly all aspects of this experiment. They consisted of 15-120 μg/cm² of Ag₂S on a gold support prepared by the method of Watson et al. (Rev. Sci. Instr. 37, 1605, 1966). However, targets of natural sulphur in the form of Ag₂S, CdS and ZnS were also employed in much the same fashion as described earlier [A+74] for the absolute resonance strength measurements. Finally, the E_p = 422 and 721 keV resonances were investigated using thick targets (> 1 mg/cm²). These CdS and ZnS targets were prepared by vacuum evaporation onto a gold support 0.1 mm thick. The evaporation of a very thin layer of gold (a few μg/cm²) onto the surface of these targets insured a better tolerance to the proton beam. The excitation function was measured using a NaI (12.7 x 12.7 cm) placed at 55° relative to the proton beam. Dual discriminators allowed the selection of gamma-ray events with energies above 0.6 and 1.8 MeV, respectively. Resonance strengths and gamma-ray de-excitation spectra were measured with an 80-cm³ Ge(Li) detector placed 3.5 cm from the target at 55°. When measuring the lifetimes of states in ³³Cl, this detector was moved back to 8 cm distance and was placed both at 0° and at the furthermost accessible back angle, namely, 132°. Finally, a 60-cm³ Ge(Li) detector placed 3.5 cm from the target was used as a monitor during the angular distribution measurements with the 80-cm³ detector. Gamma-ray spectra were recorded with a 4096-channel Intertechnique analyzer. These spectra were then transferred to a PDP-15 computer. Further analysis of the gamma peaks in these spectra was accomplished with an IRIS 80 computer. The gamma spectra were calibrated using reference gamma-ray lines from ²²Na, ⁴⁰K and ²⁰⁸Tl. The gamma-ray energy resolution was determined to be 2.4 keV for the 80-cm³ Ge(Li) detector and 2.7 keV for the 60-cm³ Ge(Li) detector, both for the 1.3-MeV ⁶⁰Co line. The ³²S(p,γ)³³C excitation function was measured in the range E_p = 560-2600 keV in steps of 0.5-1 keV over the whole energy range. The Ag₂S targets used during this work were of the order of 15 μg/cm² thick. The accelerator energy calibration was achieved using the following well-known resonances: ³⁴S(p,γ)³⁵Cl (E_p = 1213.7±1.0 keV), ²⁷Al(p,γ)²⁸Si (E_p = 632.6±0.2 and 773.70±0.03 keV) and ¹³C(p,γ)¹⁴N (E_p = 1747.6±0.9 keV). The state of the targets was examined periodically by looking at the 588-, 1757- and 2547-keV resonances in ³²S(p,γ)³³Cl. Absolute measurements of resonance strength for the 580- and 588-keV resonances were performed using thick targets of various chemical compositions of sulphur and the 80-cm³ Ge(Li) detector, as described earlier [A+74]. Relative strengths for other resonances were measured using Ag₂S targets and the NaI detector. The lifetimes of states in ³³Cl were measured using the well-known Doppler-shift attenuation method using the 80-cm³ Ge(Li) detector. The gamma-ray branching of many of the excited states in ³³Cl were known quite well, so this investigation focused on studies of new resonances and of certain negative parity states for which the branching had not been determined very precisely. Angular distribution measurements were performed at 0, 30, 45, 55 and 90°.

DATA ACQUIRED

The present investigation [A+76] for ³²S(p,γ)³³Cl provided data which yielded an excitation function from 560-2600 keV that served to locate three new resonances, enabled resonance strengths to be determined for 14 resonances, provided precise energy determinations for eight excited states in ³³Cl, yielded lifetimes for five excited states in ³³Cl, generated angular distribution coefficients for four gamma-ray transitions in ³³Cl, allowed spin/parity estimations to be made for 11 excited states in ³³Cl, and, finally, permitted M1/E2 multipole mixing ratios to be determined for gamma-ray transitions de-exciting 10 excited levels in ³³Cl.

DATA ANALYSIS

The data analysis procedures are outlined sketchily in the present paper [A+76], but reference is made to an earlier paper that describes a similar experiment [A+74]. The present paper [A+76] discusses the interpretation of these data in great detail and also makes extensive comparisons to other work. The details are too voluminous to include here.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

For present purposes, most of the information of interest on the ³²S(p,γ)³³Cl reaction is contained in figures and tables in the present paper [A+76]. The content of these figures and tables is as follows: Figs. 1 and 2 (excitation function of the reaction), Table 1 (resonance energies and strengths), Table 2 (precise values of level energies for ³³Cl), Fig. 4 (gamma-ray transitions which de-excite levels in ³³Cl), Table 3 (lifetimes of levels in ³³Cl), Table 4 (angular distribution coefficients), Table 5 (spins and parities of ³³Cl levels), and Table 6 (gamma-ray transition multipole mixing ratios). This extensive and apparently carefully performed investigation provides the most detailed collection of information on the ³²S(p,γ)³³Cl reaction of any of the references considered in our compilation.

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EE66

TITLE

Measurements of (p,γ) Resonance Strengths in the s-d Shell

REFERENCE

G.A.P. Engelbertink and P.M. Endt, Nuclear Physics 88, 12 (1966).

ABSTRACT

Resonance strengths of selected resonances in the E_p= 0.3-2.1 MeV region in the (p,γ) reactions on ²³Na, ^24-26Mg, ²⁷Al, ^28-30Si, ³¹P, ^32,34S, ^35,37Cl, ^39,41K and ⁴⁰Ca are compared through relative yield measurements, using targets of many different chemical compounds, each containing at least two of the investigated isotopes. If in a (N,Z) diagram lines are drawn between isotopes connected in this way, one obtains several closed cycles, providing internal checks on the measured strength ratios. The final best values of the relative strengths are obtained by least squares analysis. The E_p= 621 keV ³⁰Si(p,γ)³¹P resonance of which the strength is known from a γ-ray resonant absorption experiment, was used to convert the relative into absolute strengths.

REACTION

^{32S(p,γ)³³Cl

FACILITY

3-MV Van de Graaff and Utrecht 850-keV Cockcroft-Walton generators at the Fysisch Laboratory, Rijksuniversiteit, Utrecht, the Netherlands.

EXPERIMENT

Relative (p,γ) strength measurements are made on those elements listed in the abstract. In many respects such relative measurements of resonance strengths are much easier to perform than absolute measurements, particular in experimental setups that rely on NaI detectors (in 1966 Ge(Li) detectors were not commonly available). For example, the necessity for knowledge of the proton stopping power drops out if one uses thin targets and measures the ratio of the areas under the two resonance peaks. Detector solid angle is also irrelevant and other quantities like secondary electron emission and the detector efficiency per unit solid angle enter only in second order because of differences in proton energy and in the γ-ray spectrum at the two resonances in question. Several different targets were used for this experiment leading to an experimental over determination of several of the resonance strengths through a system of inter-related ratios. An example is given of using a NaCl target to obtain the Na and Cl resonances. After this, a target with one of these elements can be used and the ratio of say Na/S can be obtained with NaCl, KCl and K₂SO₄ targets. This procedure involving several different targets generates cyclical relationships which can be used to check consistency of the results. The system of equations defining these relationships between the various relative resonance strengths was linearized by a conversion to natural logarithms, and a least-squares analysis was then performed to extract best values for individual resonance strengths and to test for consistency of the experimental data. The well-known absolute strength of the resonance ³⁰Si(p,γ)³¹P (E_p = 621 keV) was used for normalization purposes, thereby allowing the experimental relative (p,γ) strengths to be converted into absolute resonance strengths.

MEASUREMENT PROCEDURES

The Ultrecht 850-keV Cockroft-Walton and the 3-MeV Van de Graaff generator were used to supply proton beams with energies in the range E_p= 0.3-2.1 MeV. Strong resonances with known γ-decays within this energy region were selected for observation. A cylindrical 10 cm x 10 cm NaI scintillation crystal detector was placed at a front-face-to-target distance of 40 mm to detect the emitted γ-radiation. A list of the target compounds is given in the article [EE66] and most of the targets were prepared by vacuum evaporation onto 0.3 mm tantalum backings. The exception was Na₂SiO₃ for which the evaporation procedure proved unsuitable. A relatively thick target of this material was prepared by painting a thin layer of the powdered material mixed with water on the target backing. With such a thick target, only steps in the yield curve marked the presence of resonances. All of the targets were prepared with elemental materials having natural isotopic abundances. This had the advantage of insuring well-determined target stoichiometry but had the disadvantage that no data could be acquired for isotopes with low abundance. The beam power was always kept below 3 W to avoid deterioration of these targets. A useful check on target stability was afforded by repeating measurements on the first resonance at the end of a round of measurements on several other resonances. A calibrated current integrator was used to measure the proton charge and a negatively biased suppressor ring largely eliminated secondary electron emission effects. The various ratio measurements were repeated several times and the values reported in the tables of this article are averages.

DATA ACQUIRED

The present measurements of resonance gamma-ray yield curves obtained using various compounds of the elements in question enabled sixteen strength ratios for (p,γ) resonances to be determined (see Table 1 in the article [EE66]). In addition, a ratio of the strengths of the resonances at E_p = 454 and 1966 keV for ²⁶Mg(p,γ)²⁷Al was determined. This latter measurement was performed to provide a direct determination of the 1966-keV resonance strength for comparison with the indirect result which could be derived from data acquired earlier in this laboratory from a ²⁶Mg(p,γ)²⁷Al γ-ray resonance absorption experiment and from measurements of ²⁶Mg proton elastic scattering (see Section 4 in the article [EE66]). Also, thick-target yield curves of the E_p= 414 keV ²⁹Si(p,γ)³⁰P and 621 keV ³⁰Si(p,γ)³¹P resonances were measured (see Fig. 2 in the article [EE66]).

DATA ANALYSIS

The data analysis procedure is described only briefly in this article [EE66] and it is based mainly on the formulas given on pp. 14-15. The background had to be subtracted and corrections were also made for gamma-ray coincident- and random-summing effects. Assigned errors were based on consideration of the insufficient knowledge of the ratios of the partial detector efficiencies and of the stopping powers at the different proton energies (where applicable for thick-target data), of background effects and of counting statistics. These contributions were added quadratically to obtain the total error in the relative strengths. The relative (p,γ) strengths obtained with targets of different thickness and prepared under different evaporation conditions did not show any differences beyond the combined experimental errors. The least-squares analysis performed in this work involved ten equations with six unknowns. It led to a normalized chi-square parameter of 1.07, indicating that the errors were neither under- or over-estimated. Through use of the known absolute strength of the ³⁰Si(p,γ)³¹P (E_p = 621 keV) resonance, the various experimental relative strengths were converted into absolute values for individual (p,γ) reactions. The error in the normalized absolute strengths were found by adding quadratically to the relative error the error (8.4%) in the strength of the standard resonance and an estimated error (7%) for insufficient knowledge of the γ-ray spectrum. The experimental errors in the final results were typically of the order of 15%.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The experimental (p,γ) strength ratios are given in Table 1 of the article [EE66]. The absolute strengths derived from this work are listed in Table 2. The present absolute strengths agree in many cases with other results reported in the literature to within the combined experimental errors. However, there are comparisons which differ by a factor of 2 to 3 and, in some instances, serious disagreements up to a factor of 50 are observed. The present results for the reaction ³²S(p,γ)³³Cl are in experimental agreement with one of the previously listed works but are not in agreement with the other. This investigation provided a set of resonances with known strengths which could then be used subsequently to obtain the strengths of other (p,γ) resonances on the same element through relative measurements.

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EIR72

TITLE

Studies on Analog States in ³³Cl by Isospin-Forbidden Resonances in the Reaction ³²S(p,γ)³³Cl

REFERENCES

M.A. Eswaran, M. Ismail and N.L. Ragoowansi, Physical Review C5, 1270 (1972). See also: Report BARC-598, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Bombay, India, 1972 (this is a pre-publication document which is essentially identical to the Physical Review paper). CONF Bombay, Volume 14B, 5, 1972 (this is identical to the abstract of the Physical Review paper).

ABSTRACT

The residual activity between bursts of a mechanically chopped beam has been used to measure the yield of the reaction ³²S(p,γ)³³Cl systematically in the bombarding energy range E_p = 3.36 to 5.41 MeV. Two T = 3/2 states in ³³Cl at E_p= 3.371±0.005 MeV, E_x= 5.550±0.007 MeV and at E_p= 5.282±0.006 MeV, E_x= 7.402±0.008 MeV have been located with the resonance strengths (2J+1)Γ_p0Γ_γ/Γ = 0.76±0.18 and 1.50±0.37 eV, respectively. Each of these resonances was narrower than the estimated 2-keV spread of the proton beam. These two states are interpreted as the analogs of the ground and the second excited state of ³³P with J^πvalues 1/2⁺ and 5/2⁺, respectively. γ-decay of the lower resonance, investigated with a Ge(Li) detector, shows >88% and <12% branchings to the first excited state and ground state of ³³Cl, respectively. The M1 strengths of these transitions are compared with those obtained from β analog transitions and with the theoretical predictions based on the many-particle shell-model calculations.

REACTION

^{32S(p,γ)³³Cl

FACILITY

5.5-MV Van de Graaff accelerator, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Bombay, India.

EXPERIMENT

The present work searched for and studied the T = 3/2 isobaric analog states in ³³Cl in the range of excitation from 5.5 to 7.5 MeV. The yield curve for production of ³³Cl by the reaction ³²S(p,γ)³³Cl was measured as a function of proton energy. A cyclic activation technique was used in which the residual positron activity between bursts of mechanically chopped beams was measured with a plastic scintillator. Gamma-ray spectra from ³²S(p,γ)³³Cl were then measured with a Ge(Li) detector at various proton energies on and off selected resonances in order to establish the resonance decay modes. These γ-ray data were also used in resonance strength determinations.

MEASUREMENT PROCEDURES

A proton beam produced by the 5.5-MeV Van de Graaff accelerator was chopped mechanically and then collimated by a 5-mm-diameter Ta aperture. The strong resonance in ²⁷Al(p,γ)²⁸Si at E_p = 991.91 keV was used for calibration of the beam energy analyzing system. Periodically during the measurements the beam energy calibration was checked using the prominent resonance in the ³²S(p,γ)³³Cl reaction at E_p = 3.377 MeV. A water-cooled 300 μg/cm² target of natural Sb₂S₃ (³²S isotopic abundance 95%) was prepared by evaporation onto a thick gold backing. This target was mounted at the center of a 5-cm-diameter, thin-walled (0.8-mm), stainless-steel chamber. The target was oriented at 45° to the incoming proton beam and a β-detector consisting of a 10-cm-diameter 2.5-cm-thick plastic scintillator mounted on an XP1040 photomultiplier tube was placed at 90° with the front face being 5-cm from the target. This detector was used to measure positrons (β⁺) emitted from the decay of 2.52-sec ³³Cl. Pulses corresponding to positron energy >500 keV were recorded with a Nuclear Data 4096-channel analyzer set up to operate in multi-channel scaling mode with a dwell time of 40 msec per channel. A proton beam of 2 μA was used. The proton energy loss due to finite target thickness was about 14 keV. This was presumably the major factor affecting the proton energy resolution. The ³³Cl yield excitation curve was measured in proton-energy increments of 10 keV except near individual resonances where steps of 2.5-keV or even smaller were taken. The operating cycle (bombard target for 4.0 sec, wait 0.5 sec and count for 10 sec) was repeated at each proton energy until a fixed amount of charge was accumulated, as monitored by a current integrator. A 30-cm³ Ge(Li) detector was placed 4.5 cm from the target to record γ-ray spectra from the decay of resonance states identified at certain incident proton energies. Gamma yields were also measured at selected off-resonance proton energies to identify the background lines. A Nuclear Data 4096-channel analyzer was used to record all these spectra.

DATA ACQUIRED

The yield curve for ³²S(p,γ)³³Cl was measured over the range E_p = 3.360-5.410 MeV. Decay time curves for positron activity were recorded at each proton energy to enable background to be subtracted and thereby insure that the measured yield curve corresponded to just the ³³Cl activity. Fig. 1 of the article [EIR72] shows a typical decay curve. Fig. 2 in the article [EIR72] exhibits the yield curve resulting from this work. The incident proton energies and corresponding excitation energies in ³³Cl where prominent resonances were observed in the yield curve are listed in Table I of the article [EIR72] along with the corresponding levels observed in ³³Ar decay from an earlier study. In the case of the resonances which appeared well isolated, estimates or limits of the widths (Γ) were obtained and they are also reported in Table I. Gamma-ray spectra taken on and off the E_p = 3.371-MeV resonance with the Ge(Li) detector allowed for a more precise determination of the resonance width of that state. An attempt was made to determine the width of the E_p = 5.282-MeV resonance but this was hampered considerably by excessive contributions from proton inelastic scattering gammas. Table II of the article [EIR72] contains both energies and resonance strengths for the T = 3/2 states in ³³Cl. Table III of the article [EIR72] contains γ-ray widths for the M1 decays of the 1/2⁺, 3/2⁺ level of ³³Cl and their comparison with the β analog transitions while Table IV contains the M1 and E2 decay strengths of the 1/2⁺, 3/2⁺ level of ³³Cl and their comparison with the theoretical predictions. In order to check the reliability of the present resonance strength determinations, a measurement was made using an HH⁺ beam to examine the E_p = 0.588-MeV resonance which had been studied earlier by Engelbertink and Endt [EE66].

DATA ANALYSIS

Decay curves generated by multi-channel scaling were fitted by non-linear least squares analysis with an exponential function plus a constant background at lower proton energies while a second exponential term was included at higher energies because of possible contamination from the ³²S(p,α)²⁹P reaction (Q = -4.20 MeV). This analysis showed that there was no significant contribution to the measured yield from the decay of ²⁹P with a 4.23-sec half life. Determination of the absolute strength of the E_p = 3.371-MeV resonance was obtained by determining the thick-target yield of the 810-keV γ-ray and utilizing published proton stopping power data and the known absolute efficiency of the Ge(Li) detector. A correction was made for the fact that this resonance state decays with a branch of >88% to the 810 keV first-excited state in ³³Cl.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Four of the resonances observed in this work were found to have energies in quite close agreement with results from earlier work on ³³Ar decay. A comparison of the E_p = 0.588-MeV resonance strength measured in the present work with an earlier result from Engelbertink and Endt [EE66] showed excellent agreement. With regard to the lowest T = 3/2 state in ³³Cl, the value of M1 strength for the 5.550 to 0.810 MeV transition from the present work is in fairly good agreement with an earlier theoretical result. Since the multipole mixing of the M1 and E2 ratio is unknown, the best that could be done in the present experiment was to deduce a limit of <1.8 W.u. for the E2 strength. This upper limit is consistent with the theoretical value of 0.2 W.u. The data provided and extensive discussions on their interpretation are well organized and presented in the present article [EIR72].

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ERI73

TITLE

A Proposed Method for Assaying Sulphur by Proton Activation Analysis Using a Low-Energy Accelerator

REFERENCE

M.A. Eswaran, N.L. Ragoowansi and M. Ismail, Report IAEA-SM-170/6, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Vienna, Austria, 489 (1973).

ABSTRACT

A new method of proton activation analysis is proposed for assaying sulphur using the capture reaction ³²S(p,γ)³³Cl. The method involves short irradiations of a few seconds by a mechanically chopped beam from a low-energy Van-de-Graaff accelerator, coupled with the measurement of the residual positron activity of T_1/2= 2.52 s, resulting from the decay of ³³Cl. A plastic scintillation detector was used for positron counting in conjunction with a multi-channel analyzer operated in the multi-scaling mode with a dwell time of 40 ms per channel. The time for irradiation was 4 s and for counting was 10 s. The repeated irradiation-counting sequence was automatically controlled by a timer-relay unit which effects mechanical chopping of the beam. This activation reaction features a high-abundance target isotope (95%), and the method is highly selective since only the counts showing the correct half-life are included for the analysis. The proposal is based on our detailed study [EIR72] of the excitation function for this reaction in the bombarding-energy range 3.3 to 5.4 MeV, applying this technique and using the model C-N Van-de-Graaff Accelerator at Trombay. A sensitivity of a few μg/cm² can be achieved by this method which is rapid and uses only a low-energy accelerator. This method can be fruitfully used in assaying sulphur in different materials, e.g., in petroleum products.

REACTION

^{32S(p,γ)³³Cl

FACILITY

5.5-MeV Van de Graaff accelerator, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Trombay, Bombay, India.

EXPERIMENT

The determination of sulphur content is of great importance in metallurgy, petroleum products, etc. Unfortunately, it is very difficult to do this by activation analysis, either with thermal or fast neutrons, because several elements interfere. It is proposed here that the assay of materials for sulphur can be done by using the capture reaction ³²S(p,γ)³³Cl (Q = 2.29 MeV) and a relatively low-energy accelerator through proton activation analysis. The main goal of this experiment is to explore the physics aspects and to demonstrate how this new approach can be carried out.

MEASUREMENT PROCEDURES

The procedure is similar to that described in Ref. EIR72. Sulphur targets were prepared by evaporating natural antimony sulphide (Sb₂S₃) to a thickness of 300 μg/cm² onto a thick gold backing. This target was mounted at the center of a 5 cm diameter, thin-walled, stainless steel chamber coupled to the beam tube. The beam of protons was collimated to a size of 5 mm by tantalum apertures. This beam was incident at 45 degrees to the sulfur targets. A current integrator was used to monitor the current of proton beams stopped in the target backing. A β-detector consisting of a 10-cm diameter x 2.5-cm thick plastic scintillator mounted on a XP1040 photomultiplier tube was placed at a 90° angle to the beam and 5 cm distant from the target. The pulses from this detector were analyzed by a Nuclear-Data 4096 channel analyzer operating in multi-scaling mode. A timer-relay unit controlled the beam chopping as well as the irradiation-counting sequence. Figure 1 of the article [ERI73] shows a schematic diagram of the set-up.

DATA ACQUIRED

Time spectra for decay of ³³Cl by the emission of energetic positrons (β⁺) with endpoint energy of 4.51 MeV were recorded by cyclic activation. A sample time spectrum which required 25 minutes to accumulate at E_p = 5.283 MeV is given in Fig. 2 of the article [ERI73]. Also shown, in Fig. 3 is the excitation function which was determined earlier [EIR72] between the energies of 3.3 and 5.4 MeV for the reaction ³²S(p,γ)³³Cl. Presumably, the amount of sulphur present can be deduced from the yield of emitted positrons. However, this also depends on target thickness, detector efficiency and other experimental factors. At the relatively low proton bombarding energies used in these measurements (E_p < 5.5 MeV) there is no interference from other induced radioactivities unless silicon is present. Then, the ²⁸Si(p,γ)²⁹P reaction produces ²⁹P which decays by positron emission with a 4.23-sec half life. The end point energy of these interfering positrons is 3.945 MeV so they can be discriminated against by raising the detector bias, but at considerable expense to the detector efficiency. Another approach would be to separate the two positron radioactivities by fitting the observed decay curve with a sum of exponential functions plus a constant background component.

DATA ANALYSIS

The data analysis required is relatively unsophisticated for this approach to sulphur assay. It is indicated that in this particular demonstration experiment the counts in the decay curve for the first 5-second period (Region I in Fig. 2 of the article [ERI73]) were added and from this sum the counts in the later 5-second period (Region II of Fig. 2) are subtracted (thereby roughly eliminating the background). The most important requirement here is to discriminate against those events which do not correspond to the decay of 2.52-sec ³³Cl. Although no mention is made in the present article [ERI73], various types of standard samples would be required in order to calibrate the apparatus for quantitative measurements of other unknown materials under reproducible conditions (beam current, proton energy, target thickness, geometry, etc.).

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The technique investigated in the article, using the ³²S(p,γ)³³C reaction, is offered as a potentially fruitful one for assaying sulphur. The authors claim that their method is both rapid and non-destructive, and is applicable to both solid and liquid materials. Few data are provided to substantiate the claimed sensitivity of this method and the authors also fail to discuss how one might deal with such technical issues as target preparation, the outgassing and decomposition of materials in the target vacuum chamber, etc. This article does not provide any information of particular utility for astrophysics so the reader is referred to the more relevant information in Ref. EIR72 for this purpose.

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E+75

TITLE

T = 3/2 Analog Resonance in ³³Cl through Capture and Inelastic Scattering of Protons

REFERENCES

M.A. Eswaran, N.L. Ragoowansi, D.R. Chakrabarty and H.H. Oza, Report BARC-799, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Bombay, India, 24 (1975). See also: Report BARC-768, 39 (1974).

ABSTRACT

Though the T = 3/2 state in ³³Cl at 7.4 MeV, corresponding to the analog of the second excited state in ³³P, has been identified in our previous work as a sharp resonance in the reaction ³²S(p,γ)³³Cl, this state has not been located successfully in the elastic scattering of protons. Owing to the fact that such an analog resonance is isospin forbidden, the proton width and the total width expected are much smaller than for the low T background states. In the present work we obtained the excitation function near this resonance for both the capture and inelastic scattering of protons from ³²S under same experimental conditions. Using a target which is only 4 keV thick for 5 MeV protons, excitation functions in the range E_p = 5.270 to 5.310 MeV in 1.3 keV steps were obtained for both the reactions ³²S(p,γ)³³Cl and ³²S(p,p')³²S by detecting the positrons in the decay of ³³Cl for the former reaction and the gamma ray of 2.237 MeV from ³²S in the latter reaction. This has revealed that just 15 keV above the analog state, there is a broad resonance in the inelastic scattering channel which is a low T (= 1/2) state. The presence of such a broad resonance close to the analog resonance in elastic scattering is likely to hamper the identification of the analog resonance. A limit on the resonance strength for inelastic scattering for this analog at E_p = 5.282 MeV is also obtained to be Γ_pΓ_p'/Γ < 10 eV from the present data.

COMMENT

The same abstract appears in both of the references indicated above. Refs. E+74 and E+75 differ only in the fact that E+74 includes a figure. No textual information beyond the abstract is provided in either of these communications so a detailed summary has not been prepared.

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H+72

TITLE

Etude des Etats Excites du Noyau ³⁵Cl: (I) Courbe d'Excitation de la Reaction ³⁴S(p,γ)³⁵Cl, Energie et Rapports d'Embranchement des Niveaux du ³⁵Cl

REFERENCE

P. Hubert, M.M. Aleonard, D. Castera, F. Leccia and P. Mennrath, Nuclear Physics A195, 485 (1972). [In French].

ABSTRACT

Energies and resonance strengths have been determined for fifty-nine ³⁴S(p,γ)³⁵Cl resonances in the range E_p = 700-2100 keV. The measurement of the excitation function near E_p = 1510 keV, with a very thin target, shows that a strong resonance, already identified as an isobaric analog resonance, is split into two components. Decay schemes of forty-eight resonances were studied by means of a 60-cm³ Ge(Li) detector. Energies and γ-branchings of all bound states are given, and six previously unreported levels at excitations E_x = 4173.0 ± 0.6, 4838 ± 3, 4853 ± 2, 5587 ± 3, 5802 ± 5 and 6489 ± 5 keV have been found. The reaction Q-value is 6367.4 ± 1.6 keV.

COMMENT

This work is included here because it provides a description of the experimental setup and measurement procedure which is relevant to Ref. A+74. No detailed summary has been prepared because most of the material in this communication is irrelevant for present purposes.

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I+92

TITLE

Direct Proton Capture on ³²S

REFERENCE

C. Iliadis, U. Giesen, J. Gorres, M. Wiescher, S.M. Graff, R.E. Azuma and C.A. Barnes, Nuclear Physics A539, 97 (1992).

ABSTRACT

The ³²S(p,γ)³³Cl reaction has been measured in the proton-energy range E_p= 0.4-2.0 MeV. Non-resonant γ-transitions were observed to the final states in ³³Cl at E_x= 0, 811 and 2846 keV. The corresponding spectroscopic factors have been extracted from fits to the excitation functions and are compared to values from stripping data as well as theoretical model calculations. The astrophysical aspects of the ³²S(p,γ)³³Cl reaction are also discussed.

REACTION

^{32S(p,γ)³³Cl

FACILITY

3-MV Pelletron tandem accelerator, Kellogg Radiation Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, U.S.A.

EXPERIMENT

Radiative proton capture of ³²S was investigated, including consideration of both resonance capture and off-resonance direct capture interactions. The influence of possible interference between resonance and direct capture is discussed. This investigation involved the measurement of γ-ray yields at 55° and angular distributions for various proton energies in the range E_p= 0.4 - 2.0 MeV using a Ge detector. Both narrow and broad resonances were examined. On-resonance energies, strengths and gamma-ray branching were determined. Comparisons are made with the results from calculations made using theoretical models. Excitation functions of primary transitions to low-lying states in ³³Cl were determined off resonance and in the region of a broad resonance at 1898 keV. These data were also used to determine single-particle spectroscopic factors for the final states in ³³Cl and to calculate stellar reaction rates for temperatures in the range T₉ = 0.05-2.0. The relative importance of resonances and direct capture on these stellar reaction rates is examined in various temperature ranges. Comparison is made with the results of earlier work reported in the literature.

MEASUREMENT PROCEDURES

The measurements were carried out with the 3-MV Pelletron tandem accelerator at Kellogg Radiation Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. An RF source installed at the terminal provided proton beams in the energy range 0.4 - 2.0 MeV with currents up to 65 μA. The beam energy resolution was 2 keV, as measured using the well-known narrow ²⁷Al(p,γ)²⁸Si resonance at E_R = 991.88±0.04 keV. The proton energy was calibrated using this resonance as well as the ³²S(p,γ)³³Cl resonance at E_R = 1757.2±0.9 keV. Sulphur targets were prepared by implanting 80-keV ³²S ions into a 0.5-mm Ta backing using the SNICS source at the University of Notre Dame. The incident dose was 120 μA×h This process yielded well-defined targets with thickness ~5 keV at E_p = 1760-keV bombarding energy. The ratio of sulphur to tantalum in these targets was determined via thick-target yield measurements on the well-known ³²S(p,γ)³³Cl (E_R = 1757 keV) resonance, using knowledge of S and Ta stopping powers. This ratio was found to be 1.0±0.2. These targets were water cooled and they proved to be very stable under proton bombardment. The proton beam passed through a set of horizontal and vertical slits before impinging on the target which was mounted at a 45° angle with respect to the incident beam. The emitted γ-radiation was observed with a 35% Ge detector that had an energy resolution of 2.0 keV at E_γ= 1.3 MeV. Gamma-ray yield measurements were performed on the known resonances and also in the energy range of E_p= 1.38-1.93 MeV which spans a region where there are relatively few resonances and direct capture is expected to be significant. For absolute yield measurements this detector was placed at a 55° angle with respect to the incoming beam with a front-face-to-target distance of 1.8 cm. In order to reduce the amount of background the detector was shielded with 5 cm of lead. This detector was also used to examine the angular distribution at 0°, 55° and 90° for selected gamma-ray transitions and proton energies. In this case the setup involved placing the detector at a distance of 4.3 cm from the target.

DATA ACQUIRED

Narrow resonances were identified at five incident proton energies. The gamma-ray measurements performed at these resonances yielded γ-branching factors, angular-distribution coefficients, resonance strengths and additional spectroscopic information associated with electromagnetic transitions to final states in ³³Cl (see the article for details [I+92]). Gamma-ray yield measurements performed off resonance (and hence attributable mainly to direct capture) enabled an accurate determination of the relative importance of resonance and direct proton capture for ³²S to be accomplished. For completeness, the strength of a narrow resonance at 77 keV was estimated by means of calculations since the gamma-ray yield associated with this resonance was too difficult to measure.

DATA ANALYSIS

The data analysis procedure is outlined in Section 3 of the article [I+92]. Resonance strengths were calculated in the usual manner using the known detector efficiencies, measured gamma-ray yields and stopping power information. Measured angular distributions of resonance decay γ-transitions were analyzed in terms of Legendre polynomial expansions for the gamma rays associated with resonances at E_R= 1588 and 1748 keV. These experimental angular distributions indicated small P₄(cos θ) components except for the ground-state transition of the 1588-keV resonance where a₄ = 0.49±0.05. Excitation functions of the primary transitions to ³³Cl states at E_x = 0, 811 and 2846 MeV were fitted by least-squares using a simple theoretical formalism with adjustable parameters. Breit-Wigner formalism was used in this analysis. The cross sections for direct capture were based on a method described earlier by Rolfs (see this article for a reference [I+92]). Spectroscopic factors were determined by comparing the observed and predicted cross sections to the final states of ³³Cl.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The present results obtained for resonance energies and strengths are in good agreement with previous values (see Table 1 of the article [I+92]). The γ-branching ratios listed in Table 2 of the article [I+92] are also in good overall agreement with previous results. Spectroscopic factors derived from the present work agree well with earlier results from (³He,d) and (d,n) stripping experiments for the first and second excited states of ³³Cl (see Table 3 of the article [I+92]). From this information it is concluded that for non-resonant proton capture on ³²S the simple direct-capture model is capable of reproducing the experimental cross sections with appropriate energy dependencies and angular distributions. There is some disagreement between certain reaction rates determined in the present work and those that were reported previously. It is noted that statistical (Hauser-Feshbach) theory is not applicable here because of the low level density of ³³Cl for E_x < 4 MeV.

COMMENTS

The previously recommended resonance strengths remain largely unchanged by the present results. However, this article [I+92] provides useful information for astrophysics because the derived stellar reaction rates of ³²S(p,γ)³³Cl are now based on more precise input data which include non-resonant proton capture contributions.

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KRA75

TITLE

Strengths of Analogue Resonances in (p,γ) Reactions on Sulphur Isotopes

REFERENCE

J. Keinonen, M. Riihonen and A. Anttila, Physica Scripta 12, 280 (1975).

ABSTRACT

Absolute strengths of the E_p= 588 keV resonance in the ³²S(p,γ)³³Cl reaction and of the E_p= 1214 keV resonance in the ³⁴S(p,γ)³⁵Cl reaction have been determined as 0.20±0.04 eV and 9.8±1.0 eV, respectively. The strength of the E_p= 1542 keV resonance in the ³³S(p,γ)³⁴Cl reaction and the E_p= 1887 keV resonance in the ³⁶S(p,γ)³⁷Cl reaction have been obtained as 1.4±0.2 eV and 22±3 eV, respectively, by comparison with the E_p= 1214 keV resonance in the ³⁴S(p,γ)³⁵Cl reaction. The total, proton and γ-ray widths of the J^π = 7/2^- analogue states in ³⁵Cl and ³⁷Cl at E_x= 7.55 and 10.22 MeV, respectively, are given. The γ-ray decay of these isobaric analogue resonances in ^{34,35 36}Cl is discussed.

REACTION

^{32S(p,γ)³³Cl
FACILITY

2.5-MV Van de Graaff accelerator, Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.

EXPERIMENT

The objective of this experiment was to investigate whether earlier reported resonance strength results for ³²S(p,γ)³³Cl and ³⁴S(p,γ)³⁵Cl were correct. An attempt was also made to redetermine the strengths of the resonances at E_p = 1887 and 1542 keV in the reactions ³⁶S(p,γ)³⁷Cl and ³³S(p,γ)³⁴Cl, respectively. Due to low natural isotopic abundances of ³³S (0.74%) and ³⁶S (0.014%), (p,γ) strength measurements for production of ³⁴Cl and ³⁷Cl had been possible only by using enriched targets. Earlier strength measurements for ³³S gave results differing by factors of up to 10.

MEASUREMENT PROCEDURES

The Helsinki University 2.5-MV Van de Graaff accelerator supplied the proton beam and a 120-cm³ Ge(Li) detector (FWHM = 2.9 MeV at 2.6 MeV), coupled with a 4096 channel analyzer, detected the γ-ray radiation. The proton beam was kept below 5 μA to avoid target deterioration and the collected charge was measured with a calibrated current integrator. The Ge(Li) detector was placed at an angle of 55° relative to the incident beam. It's absolute efficiency was determined using calibrated gamma-ray sources. To measure the absolute strengths, ZnS targets were prepared and used. ZnS was chosen because it is the only sulphur compound known to not dissociate on evaporation. With other sulphur compounds, target stoichiometry is a serious problem. These targets were prepared on tantalum backings. However, the S-Zn ratio was checked by preparing targets on carbon backings under identical conditions and then assaying these latter targets by means of α-particle backscattering. A silicon surface barrier detector with an active area of 50 mm² was used to record the α-particle spectra. This detector was situated at an angle of 178° and a distance of 8 cm from the targets. The thickness of these targets was about 150 μg/cm² of ZnS. The reactions involving ³³S, ³⁴S and ³⁶S could not be observed successfully using targets made with elemental sulphur. Therefore, isotopically enriched targets were made from natural sulphur by using an electromagnetic separator and imbedding the sulphur ions into thin self-supporting carbon foils at an energy of 8 keV. The amounts of ³³S, ³⁴S and ³⁶S present in these targets were 0.5, 0.5 and 0.1 μg/cm², respectively.

DATA ACQUIRED

Absolute thick-target yields of selected gamma-ray transitions in the resonances observed at E_p = 588, 1214, 1542 and 1887 in the various isotopes of sulphur were measured (see Table I of the article [KRA75]). Measurements of α-particle backscattering were performed as indicated above for the purpose of establishing the target stoichiometry. These measurements were performed at the beginning and end of the (p,γ) experiment.

DATA ANALYSIS

The measured thick-target gamma-ray yields at the resonance proton energies were combined with proton stopping powers from the literature and other parameters of the experiment to yield (p,γ) resonance strengths for ³²S(p,γ)³³Cl, ³³S(p,γ)³⁴Cl, ³⁴S(p,γ)³⁵Cl and ³⁶S(p,γ)³⁷Cl. The procedures and formulas used in this analysis are described in Section 3 of the article [KRA75]. The total uncertainties of the present results include a 2% uncertainty contribution for the stopping power of Zn and a 15% uncertainty contribution for that of S, leading to an effective uncertainty of 5% in the stopping power of the compound ZnS.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The results of this experiment appear mainly in Tables I and II of this article [KRA75]. These include absolute (p,γ) resonance strengths for the four sulphur reactions considered and experimental M1 transition strengths in ^34,35,36Cl. The experimental single-nucleon strengths of analogue states in ³⁵Cl and ³⁷Cl as well as the M1 transition strengths are lower than the theoretical values, suggesting that it would be useful in theoretical calculations to pay more attention to configuration mixing of the analogue states. Of specific interest in the present context is the fact that the present results agree quite well with previous results for the resonance strength of ³²S(p,γ)³³Cl.

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K+85

TITLE

Measurements of Relative Thick Target Yields for PIGE Analysis on Light Elements in the Proton Energy Interval 2.4-4.2 MeV

REFERENCE

A.Z. Kiss, E. Koltay, B. Nyako, E. Somorjal, A. Anttila and J. Raisanen, Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 89, No. 1, 123 (1985).

ABSTRACT

In order to extend the energy range of the systematic investigation on relative thick target yields performed by Anttila et al. (J. Radioanal. Chem. 62, 441, 1981) for 1 £ E_p £ 2.4 MeV bombarding energies, gamma spectra and yield data are presented for elements Z = 3-9, 11-17, 19 and 21 in the energy range 2.4 £ E_p£ 4.2 MeV, and the results are discussed from the point of view of the PIGE analysis.

REACTION

^{32S(p,γ)³³Cl

FACILITY

5-MV Van de Graaff accelerator, Institute of Nuclear Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Debrecen, Hungary.

EXPERIMENT

Relative thick target yields are compiled to enable an optimal selection of experimental parameters on a given sample matrix to be made as the basis for practical applications of the PIGE (proton-induced gamma emission) method for determination of the constituents of samples. A consistent set of yield data is presented in the article [K+85] for nearly all 3 £ Z £ 21 elements in the proton energy interval 1 £ E_p£ 4.2 MeV. The yield data for 1 £ E_p£ 2.4 MeV are taken from earlier research. Similar data were generated from measurements performed in the present experiment over the energy range 2.4 £ E_p£ 4.2 MeV. These newer data were normalized to results from the earlier, lower-energy work. The intent of this work was clearly applied rather than basic. Furthermore, the results provided, while of general interest, are of little practical use for astrophysical purposes.

MEASUREMENT PROCEDURES

The proton beam was supplied by the 5-MV Van de Graaff accelerator of the Institute of Nuclear Research, Debrecen. This beam was well collimated and, furthermore, passed through a 50-cm-long liquid nitrogen cold trap before hitting the target (presumably in order to reduce buildup of contaminants on the targets). The angle between the beam and the targets was 45°. Elemental targets (Be, Mg, C, Al and Si) were prepared in the form of thick plates. All the other targets were made by pressing appropriate chemical compounds into pellets. A 25-cm³ Ge(Li) detector with 2.6-keV resolution for E_γ = 1.33 MeV gammas was used to detect the gamma radiation in the present experiment. This detector was situated at 55° relative to the beam direction at a detector-to-target distance of 10 cm. Since a larger Ge(Li) detector (100 cm³) had been used earlier for the work at energies E_p £ 2.4 MeV, it was necessary to generate a relative efficiency calibration for these two detectors in the range 0.11 £ E_γ £ 3.56 MeV so that the present results could be properly normalized to values from the earlier investigation. Beam currents in the range 1 nA to 1 μA were used. The beam intensity was adjusted to keep the dead time for the detection system nearly constant for measurements with various samples. Gamma-ray spectral data were acquired with a 4K-channel analyzer and PDP-8 computer.

DATA ACQUIRED

Gamma-ray spectra from proton bombardment of thick samples at energies E_p = 3.1, 3.8 and 4.2 MeV were recorded for all elements in the range 3 £ Z £ 21 except neon and argon. Typical spectra from this work are shown as figures in the article [K+85], including one for sulfur at E_p = 3.8 MeV.

DATA ANALYSIS

Individual full-energy-peak lines in these gamma spectra were identified as belonging either to the element under consideration or to other components of the sample compound or to background sources. Reference was made to known level and decay schemes in this identification process. Yields of peaks attributed to the elements in question were determined and corrected for dead time losses. In many cases several lines corresponding to the same element were available, which offered some redundancy and hence a check against possible elemental assay errors. The present gamma-ray yields were generally normalized to earlier work at lower proton energies using the relative sensitivities of the 25 cm³ and the 100 cm³ detectors. Due to the strong decrease in the sensitivity of the smaller detector, no normalization was made for the gamma-ray peaks seen in the fluorine target spectra with E_γ > 3.56 MeV. The yields of these higher-energy gamma lines are presented only on the intensity scale of the 25-cm³ Ge(Li) detector.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The results of this work appear in Figs. 1-17 and in Table I of the article [K+85]. This body of information represents a consistent set of thick target gamma-ray yields for 3 £ Z £ 21 elements (except for neon and argon) in the bombarding proton energy interval 1 £ E_p£ 4.2 MeV. When increasing the proton energy from 2.5 to 4.2 MeV, the number of isotopes with open (p,n) neutron channels increased from 7 to 15 in the present Z range. These reactions contribute gammas, along with the (p,p') gammas, that complicate gamma-ray spectra at higher proton energies. Under these conditions the higher-energy gamma peaks from (p,γ) reaction will lose their importance because of the rapid increase in the weight of the lower-energy gamma transitions connected to particle emission. A conclusion of this work is that applications for PIGE analysis broaden at higher proton bombarding energies because the opening reaction channels provide more signature reactions.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

PGA70

TITLE

Properties of States in ³³Cl Excited Via the ³²S(p,γ)³³Cl Reaction

REFERENCE

F.W. Prosser, Jr., J.W. Gordan and L.A. Alexander, Bulletin of the American Physical Society 15, No. 4, 566, Paper GE 11 (1970).

ABSTRACT

More accurate excitation energies of some of the compound states of ³³Cl have been obtained using Ge(Li) detectors. The Q-value for the ³²S(p,γ)³³Cl reaction has been determined in this way to be Q = 2277.6±3.4 keV. Angular distribution measurements at E_x= 4465, 4746 and 4834 keV uniquely determine the spins to be J = 3/2, 5/2, and 3/2, respectively. The spin of the 4439-keV state is either 1/2 or 3/2. An ambiguity also remains of J = 5/2 or 7/2 for the spin of the 1985-keV second excited state. The properties of the low-lying states of ³³Cl will be compared with the corresponding states of ³³S.

COMMENTS

This reference is only an abstract, as it appears above. It comes from the Bulletin of the American Physical Society. No further information was available on this work.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

RWK87

TITLE

Absolute Thick-target γ-ray Yields for Elemental Analysis by 7- and 9-MeV Protons

REFERENCE

J. Raisanen, T. Witting and J. Keinonen, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B28, 199 (1987).

ABSTRACT

A systematic study of absolute thick-target γ-ray yields, produced in the bombardment of elements with Z = 3-9, 11-17, 19, 20, 22-30, 32, 39-42, 44, 46-51, 53, 62, 64, 70, 72-74, 78, 79, and 82 by 7 and 9 MeV protons, has been carried out. The most suitable γ-ray energies and absolute yields for elemental analysis are listed. Relative neutron yields are also given.

FACILITY

5-MV tandem accelerator (EGP-10-11), Accelerator Laboratory, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.

EXPERIMENT

The aim of the present work was to use higher proton bombarding energies than had been used previously to examine γ-ray yields from particle emitting channels, to extend the elemental γ-ray yield data for PIGE analysis of elemental constituents with Z > 20, and to determine the most suitable γ-ray energies to use for elemental analysis purposes. Because their presence can be a complication in PIGE analysis at higher proton energies, the relative neutron yields under these conditions were also measured.

MEASUREMENT PROCEDURE

An incident beam of protons was supplied by the Helsinki University tandem accelerator. A shielded 80-cm³ Ge(Li) detector having an energy resolution of 1.9 keV at E_γ = 1.33 MeV and an efficiency of 18% was used to detect the γ-ray radiation. To increase the accuracy of the results by minimizing angular-distribution perturbations, this detector was positioned at 55° relative to the proton beam. Also, it was located at a target-to-detector distance of 27 cm to minimize uncertainties due to small changes in solid angle for the various targets. This detector was calibrated using ⁶⁰Co, ⁵⁶Co and ¹⁵²Eu standard gamma-ray sources. A BF₃ detector located 30 cm from the target detected the emitted neutrons. The collected proton charge was accurately determined using a calibrated current integrator and a suppressor against secondary electrons. Most of the targets that were used in this experiment were 1-mm thick by 1-cm² metallic plates. Powdered chemical compounds were used along with metallic-plate targets. The chemical-compound targets were 1-mm-thick by 6-mm in diameter pellets. The measurements were performed under varying beam conditions (0.1 to 20 nA) which were chosen to maintain relatively constant gamma-detector count rates and small dead times (< 1%).

DATA ACQUIRED

Gamma-ray spectra were recorded, full-energy peaks were identified and their yields were determined for those elements and proton energies given in the abstract. An approach similar to the one described in an earlier communication from this laboratory [K+85] was used.

DATA ANALYSIS

The gamma-ray peak yields were corrected for background (and/or interfering lines), for dead time and for detector efficiency. Furthermore, in cases where the targets were chemical compounds, corrections were also applied for proton stopping power so that equivalent elemental yields could be deduced from the measured data.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The resulting thick-target absolute γ-ray yields per μC-sr for the various reactions and gamma rays considered are given in Table 1 of the article [RWK87]. Relative neutron yields for the various targets and proton energies are given in Table 2 of this article. An additional result from this work which is of interest for the reaction ³²S(p,γ)³³Cl is that there is evidence that the (p,p’) and (p,n) reactions dominate over the (p,γ) reaction at the higher proton energies (7 and 9 MeV). This is found by comparing the present gamma-ray yield values with corresponding previous yield values obtained at 4.2 MeV for the lighter elements. It is also noted that the (p,α) reaction is usable in elemental analysis for only a few light elements. This is due to the fact that there is a high Coulomb barrier for α particles which reduces the cross sections and leads to the dominant population of ground states in the product nuclei, and thus there are relatively few emitted signature gamma rays associated with this process that can be used for elemental assay purposes.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

S83

TITLE

Effect of Excited States on Thermonuclear Reaction Rates

REFERENCE

D.G. Sargood, Australian Journal of Physics 36, 583 (1983).

ABSTRACT

Values of the ratio of the thermonuclear reaction rate of a reaction, with target nuclei in a thermal distribution of energy states, to the reaction rate with all target nuclei in their ground states are tabulated for neutron, proton and α-particle induced reactions on the naturally occurring nuclei from ²⁰Ne to ⁷⁰Zn, at temperatures of 1, 2, 3.5, and 5 (x 10⁹) °K. The ratios are determined from reaction rates based on statistical model cross sections.

REACTION

^{32S(p,γ)³³Cl

FACILITY

None. This work is an analytical study.

EXPERIMENT

None. This paper deals only with theoretical calculations of the thermonuclear reaction rates <σv>^* corresponding to target nuclei in a thermal distribution of energy states and corresponding reaction rates <σv>⁰ obtained with all target nuclei in their ground states. Ratios of these two rates are derived and compiled in this work.

MEASUREMENT PROCEDURE

None. In this study the cross sections are generated using statistical model calculations.

DATA ACQUIRED

None. No experimental data were produced in this investigation, but ratios of calculated reaction rates were generated for T₉= 1, 2, 3.5 and 5 (i.e., stellar temperatures in units of 10⁹ °K) for a large number of target isotopes and nine different reaction types, namely, (n,γ), (n,p), (n,α), (p,γ), (p,n), (p,α), (α,γ), (α,n) and (α,p).

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The calculated values that are obtained for these ratios are listed in Tables 1-4 in the article [S83]. The author states that his work demonstrates that the excited states in target nuclei play a very important role in determining thermonuclear reaction rates under stellar conditions. The most dramatic effects occur very largely for reactions such as (n,p) and (n,α) on neutron-rich isotopes and (p,n) reactions on α-particle nucleus targets for which the stellar reaction rates are very small, i.e., at least two, and sometimes as many as eight, orders of magnitude smaller than other strongly competing or even dominant open reaction channels. The statistical model appears to be the only means available to calculate the ratios <σv>^*/<σv>⁰ in a systematic way for a large number of target nuclei and reactions. However, the statistical model is not reliable when the level density in the compound system (target + projectile) is relatively low. Under these conditions, the reaction rates calculated using experimental data and Maxwellian temperature distributions will lead to values which differ considerably from those obtained using the statistical model. Then, application of a correction factor obtained from the present compilation may lead to misleading results and should be viewed with some skepticism. However, if the level densities are relatively high and the statistical model can be expected to yield reasonably reliable values of <σv>⁰, then the present correction factors, which are relatively insensitive to fine details of the model, can be used with reasonable confidence when applied to reaction rates based largely on experimental information.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3. Resonance Properties and Concluding Remarks

Most of the relevant numerical information provided in the references assembled for the present compilation can be categorized as follows: i) resonance energies and strengths for the ³²S(p,γ)³³Cl reaction, ii) properties of levels in ³³Cl, iii) features of gamma-ray transitions associated with the decay of excited levels in ³³Cl, e.g., branching, angular distributions and transition strengths and multipolarities, and iv) data of an engineering nature which can be used in applications of the ³²S(p,γ)³³Cl reaction for the assay of sulphur in materials, e.g., excitation functions for relative thick-target production of specific gamma rays. In astrophysics, the main concern is a determination of reaction rates for typical stellar environments. One of the articles reviewed here [I+92] examines the relative importance of resonance and direct capture reactions for ³²S(p,γ)³³Cl for stellar temperatures. This was prompted by the observation that the level density of ³³Cl is relatively low. However, the general conclusion is that while direct proton capture plays an important role in the relatively narrow stellar temperature window T₉ = 0.12 to 0.16, resonance capture is still the dominant mechanism for the ³²S(p,γ)³³Cl reaction over most of the energy range of interest to astrophysics. Since resonance energies and strengths are so important for astrophysical considerations, values from the present review of the literature are compiled here in Table 2.

Table 2: Resonance Energies and Strengths Compiled from the Literature^a}
NominalRef.
E_p (keV)^b Code E_p (keV)^c Resonance Strength (eV)^d}----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

77 I+92 77.3±0.8^e,f 7.0x10^{-17 f}}423 A+76 421.8±0.6 (9±4)x10^-5}I+92 424±2 ^f (7.4±1.6)x10^{-5 f}
580 A+76 579.8±0.6 0.08±0.01 (taken from Ref. A+74)
A+74 580 0.08±0.01
588 A+76 587.9±0.5 0.21±0.03 (taken from Ref. A+74)
A+74 588 0.21±0.03
EE66 588 0.14±0.02
KRA75 588 0.20±0.04
I+92 589±1 ^f 0.26±0.06^f}721 A+76 720.7±0.6 (1.4±0.6)x10^-4}1588 A+76 1587.8±1.1 0.053±0.007
I+92 1589±1 ^f 0.054±0.012^f
1749 A+76 1748.4±1.0 0.09±0.02
I+92 1749±1 ^f 0.09±0.018 ^f}1757 A+76 1757.2±0.9 0.38±0.04
1880 A+76 1879.7±1.1 0.019±0.008
1894 A+76 1893.8±1.1 0.07±0.02

Table 2 (cont'd): Resonance Energies and Strengths Compiled from the Literature^a}
NominalRef.
E_p (keV)^b Code E_p (keV)^c Resonance Strength (eV)^d}----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1899 A+76 1898±2 0.19±0.07
I+92 1899±2 ^f 0.178±0.080 ^f}2229 A+76 2229.4±1.3 0.30±0.04
2255 A+76 2255.4±1.3 0.14±0.02
2547 A+76 2547.2±1.5 1.4±0.2
2577 A+76 2577±3 0.093±0.019
3371 EIR72 3371±5 0.76±0.18
4856 EIR72 4856±9 < 0.29
5282 EIR72 5282±6 1.50±0.37

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
^{a Values given here are extracted from tables provided in the indicated references.
^{b Nominal energy of the incident proton beam corresponding to the indicated ³²S(p,γ)³³Cl resonance. It is based on an unweighted average of measured values given here, rounded to the nearest 1 keV.
^{c Measured proton energy corresponding to the indicated ³²S(p,γ)³³Cl resonance.
^{d Resonance strength for the ³²S(p,γ)³³Cl reaction is defined as S = (2J+1)Γ_pΓ_γ/Γ, where J = resonance spin, Γ_p = proton partial width,Γ_γ = gamma partial width and Γ = total width.
^{e This ³²S(p,γ)³³Cl resonance is too weak to measured using available techniques. Resonance strength is obtained indirectly from calculations which utilize information available from the literature. ^f The resonance strengths originally provided by Iliadis et al. [I+92] are given as ωγ = (2J+1)Γ_pΓ_γ/[(2J_p+1)(2J_t+1)Γ]. However, J_p = 1/2 for a proton projectile and J_t = 0 for the ³²S target in the case of the ³²S(p,γ)³³Cl resonances. Thus, ωγ = S/2. The values in the present table are expressed in terms of S and are thus directly comparable to the other values from the literature. Furthermore, Iliadis et al. indicate that the energies which they give to identify the resonances are "resonance energies" E_R. However, these energies appear to differ little from incident proton energies E_p so no distinction is made for present purposes.

Acknowledgments

The authors are indebted to Prof. Michael C. Wiescher, Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, for suggesting this research project and for his thoughtful guidance and encouragement during the course of our work. Valuable comments on this work and the present report were graciously provided by Prof. Laura Van Wormer, Physics Department, Hiram College. One of the authors (REM) received financial support for his stay at Argonne National Laboratory during the Summer of 1997 through the Student Research Participation Program administered by the Division of Educational Programs, Argonne National Laboratory.

References

A96

D. Arnett, Supernovae and Nucleosynthesis, Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey (1996).

A+74

M.M. Aleonard, C. Boursiquot, P. Hubert and P. Mennrath, Strengths of (p,γ) Resonances in ³³Cl, ³⁵Cl and ²⁸Si, Physics Letters 49B, No. 1, 40 (1974).

A+76

M.M. Aleonard, Ph. Hubert, L. Sarger and P. Mennrath, Etudes des Etats Excites du ³³Cl a l'Aide de la Reaction ³²S(p,γ)³³Cl, Nuclear Physics A257, 490 (1976). [In French].

C83

D.D. Clayton, Principles of Stellar Evolution and Nucleosynthesis, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois (1983).

CINDA97

CINDA (1935-1997), The Index to Literature and Computer Files on Microscopic Neutron Data, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Vienna, Austria. CINDA includes an index to all available EXFOR files containing neutron reaction data available from the IAEA Nuclear Data Center.

EE66

G.A.P. Engelbertink and P.M. Endt, Measurements of (p,γ) Resonance Strengths in the s-d Shell, Nuclear Physics 88, 12 (1966).

EIR72

M.A. Eswaran, M. Ismail and N.L. Ragoowansi, Studies on Analog States in ³³Cl by Isospin-Forbidden Resonances in the Reaction ³²S(p,γ)³³Cl, Physical Review C5, 1270 (1972). See also: Report BARC-598, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Bombay, India, 1972 (this is a pre-publication document which is essentially identical to the Physical Review paper). CONF Bombay, Volume 14B, 5, 1972 (this is identical to the abstract of the Physical Review paper indicated above).

ERI73

M.A. Eswaran, N.L. Ragoowansi and M. Ismail, A Proposed Method for Assaying Sulphur by Proton Activation Analysis Using a Low-Energy Accelerator, Report IAEA-SM-170/6, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Vienna, Austria, 489 (1973).

E+72

M.A. Eswaran, M. Ismail, N.L. Ragoowansi and H.H. Oza, Report BARC-608, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Bombay, India, 9, 1972 (this is identical to the abstract of the Physical Review paper identified by EIR72). See also: Report BARC-633, 4, 1972 (this is also identical to the abstract of the Physical Review paper identified by EIR72).

E+74

M.A. Eswaran, N.L. Ragoowansi, D.R. Chakrabarty and H.H. Oza, T = 3/2 Analog Resonance in ³³Cl through Capture and Inelastic Scattering of Protons, Report BARC-768, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Bombay, India, 39 (1974).

E+75

M.A. Eswaran, N.L. Ragoowansi, D.R. Chakrabarty and H.H. Oza, Report BARC-799, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Bombay, India, 24 (1975). This contribution is identical to Ref. E+74 except that the figure found in the earlier document is excluded here.

H+72

P. Hubert, M.M. Aleonard, D. Castera, F. Leccia and P. Mennrath, Etude des Etats Excites du Noyau ³⁵Cl: (I) Courbe d'Excitation de la Reaction ³⁴S(p,γ)³⁵Cl, Energie et Rapports d'Embranchement des Niveaux du ³⁵Cl, Nuclear Physics A195, 485 (1972). [In French].

I+92

C. Iliadis, U. Giesen, J. Gorres, M. Wiescher, S.M. Graff, R.E. Azuma and C.A. Barnes, Direct Proton Capture on ³²S, Nuclear Physics A539, 97 (1992).

KRA75

J. Keinonen, M. Riihonen and A. Anttila, Strengths of Analogue Resonances in (p,γ) Reactions on Sulphur Isotopes, Physica Scripta 12, 280 (1975).

K+85

A.Z. Kiss, E. Koltay, B. Nyako, E. Somorjai, A. Anttila and J. Raisanen, Measurements of Relative Thick Target Yields for PIGE Analysis on Light Elements in the Proton Energy Interval 2.4-4.2 MeV, Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 89, No. 1, 123 (1985).

NSR97

Nuclear Science References (NSR), National Nuclear Data Center (NNDC), Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York. Available from NNDC on-line services.

PGA70

F.W. Prosser, Jr., J.W. Gordan and L.A. Alexander, Properties of States in ³³Cl Excited via the ³²S(p,γ)³³Cl Reaction, Bulletin of the American Physical Society 15, No.4, 566, Paper GE 11 (1970).

RWK87

J. Raisanen, T. Witting and J. Keinonen, Absolute Thick-target γ-ray Yields for Elemental Analysis by 7 and 9 MeV Protons, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B28, 199 (1987).

RR88

C.E. Rolfs and W.S. Rodney, Cauldrons in the Cosmos, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois (1988).

S83

D.G. Sargood, Effect of Excited States on Thermonuclear Reaction Rates, Australian Journal of Physics 36, 583 (1983).

Appendix A: Compiled Information in EXFOR Format

The EXFOR format, which is widely used for compiling neutron cross section data, was adapted for the present purpose [CINDA97]. This format provides for an easily deciphered, platform-independent ASCII representation of both textual and numerical data. Furthermore, it is a format which is generally familiar to investigators in the nuclear data community. Since the EXFOR format has been used in the past almost exclusively for compiling data on neutron reactions, some creativity had to be exercised in producing the present files of data relevant to charged-particle reactions and properties of reaction-product nuclei while still preserving most of the historical characteristics of the file structure. These files have been sent to the National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, U.S.A., for inclusion in the library of data on charged-particle reactions which is being collected there.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

A+74

ENTRY A+74 0 A+74 0 1
SUBENT A+74 1 0 A+74 1 1
BIB 13 51 A+74 1 2
INSTITUTE (FRGRA) A+74 1 3
REFERENCE (J,PL/B,49B,1,40,1974) A+74 1 4
AUTHORS (M.M.ALEONARD,C.BOURSIQUOT,P.HUBERT,P.MENNRATH) A+74 1 5
TITLE STRENGTHS OF (P,GAMMA) RESONANCES IN 33CL, 35CL AND A+74 1 6
28SI. A+74 1 7
FACILITY (VDG) 4-MV VAN DE GRAAFF ACCELERATOR, C.E.A. CENTRE A+74 1 8
D'ETUDES NUCLEAIRES DE BORDEAUX-GRADIGNAN, FRANCE. A+74 1 9
INC-PART (P) PROTONS. A+74 1 10
TARGETS AG2S, CDS AND ZNS TARGETS (APPROX. 300 MICROGRAM/CM**3 A+74 1 11
THICK) AS DESCRIBED IN THE ARTICLE. CDS AND ZNS TARGETS A+74 1 12
MADE BY VACUUM EVAPORATION. TARGETS WERE WATER COOLED. A+74 1 13
METHOD DETAILS DESCRIBED IN THE ARTICLE AND IN AN EARLIER A+74 1 14
REFERENCE. PROTON BEAM WAS DEFLECTED BY 90 DEG. TARGET A+74 1 15
WAS SHIELDED FROM BEAM-DEFINING SLITS TO REDUCE THE A+74 1 16
X-RAY BACKGROUND. PROTON BEAMS OF THE ORDER OF 10 A+74 1 17
MICROAMPERES WERE USED. NO PROBLEMS WITH TARGET A+74 1 18
DETERIORATION WERE NOTED. ABSOLUTE RESONANCE A+74 1 19
STRENGTH MEASUREMENTS WERE PERFORMED USING ALL THREE A+74 1 20
TARGETS TO MINIMIZE ERRORS TRACEABLE TO TARGET A+74 1 21
STOICHIOMETRY. RESONANCE STRENGTHS WERE DETERMINED A+74 1 22
FROM GAMMA-RAY YIELDS MEASURED AT 55 DEG. RELATIVE TO A+74 1 23
THE PROTON BEAM. A YIELD CURVE WAS GENERATED USING A+74 1 24
FULL-ENERGY PEAKS FOR GAMMA-RAYS DE-EXCITING THE A+74 1 25
RESONANCES. PERIODIC MEASUREMENTS OF WELL-KNOWN A+74 1 26
RESONANCE ENERGIES AND STRENGTHS FOR 27AL(P,GAMMA)28SI A+74 1 27
RESONANCES AT 633 AND 774 KEV PROVIDED A CHECK ON THE A+74 1 28
MEASUREMENT AND DATA ANALYSIS PROCEDURES. THE DETAILS A+74 1 29
GIVEN ON DATA ANALYSIS PROCEDURES ARE MINIMAL IN THIS A+74 1 30
PAPER BUT THERE IS A REFERENCE TO EARLIER WORK. A+74 1 31
DETECTORS (GELI) 80 CM**3 GE(LI) DETECTOR USED FOR THE ABSOLUTE A+74 1 32
RESONANCE STRENGTH MEASUREMENTS. DETECTOR WAS A+74 1 33
CALIBRATED USING STANDARD SOURCES AND WELL-KNOWN A+74 1 34
TRANSITIONS IN (P,GAMMA) DECAY SCHEMES. A+74 1 35
(NAICR) A NAI SCINTILLATION DETECTOR WAS USED TO CHECK A+74 1 36
THE CONDITION OF THE TARGETS BEFORE AND AFTER THE A+74 1 37
ABSOLUTE RESONANCE STRENGTH MEASUREMENTS. A+74 1 38
MONITOR (CI) CURRENT INTEGRATOR. CONSISTENCY CHECKED USING A+74 1 39

A CURRENT GENERATOR. A+74 1 40
COMMENT SINCE THE ORIGINAL STRENGTH MEASUREMENTS HAD LARGE A+74 1 41
DISCREPANCIES, THERE WERE RELATIVE (P,GAMMA) STRENGTH A+74 1 42
MEASUREMENTS PERFORMED ON 33CL (EP = 588 KEV) AND 35CL A+74 1 43
(1214 KEV) RESONANCES TO CHECK THE RESULTS. A+74 1 44
ERR-ANALYS THE RESONANCE STRENGTH DATA ACQUIRED WITH THE THREE A+74 1 45
DIFFERENT TARGET TYPES ARE COMPARED TO CHECK DATA A+74 1 46
CONSISTENCY AND POSSIBLE SOURCES OF SYSTEMATIC ERROR. A+74 1 47
AN AVERAGE OF THE RESONANCE STRENGTH VALUES FROM THESE A+74 1 48
THREE TARGETS WAS CALCULATED AT EACH RESONANCE. THE A+74 1 49
VALUES FOR THE INDIVIDUAL TARGETS THAT WERE USED IN A+74 1 50
THIS AVERAGING PROCESS WERE THEMSELVES AVERAGES OF A+74 1 51
SEVERAL REPEATED MEASUREMENTS. A+74 1 52
STATUS RESULTS PUBLISHED IN THE PHYSICS LETTERS B. A+74 1 53
ENDBIB 51 A+74 1 54
ENDSUBENT 1 A+74 199999
SUBENT A+74 2 0 A+74 2 1
BIB 2 11 A+74 2 2
REACTION 32S(P,GAMMA)33CL A+74 2 3
COMMENT TABLE 1 OF THE REFERENCE GIVES THE ABSOLUTE STRENGTHS A+74 2 4
FOR THE 580- AND 588-KEV RESONANCES. DATA FOR EACH OF A+74 2 5
THE THREE TARGETS USED ARE PROVIDED. EP = INCIDENT A+74 2 6
PROTON ENERGY FOR THE RESONANCE. EI = LEVEL OF 33CL A+74 2 7
FROM WHICH GAMMA-RAY TRANSITION INITIATES. EF = A+74 2 8
LEVEL OF 33CL AT WHICH GAMMA-RAY TRANSITION TERMINATES. A+74 2 9
BRANCHING RATIOS ARE GIVEN IN THE TABLE BUT ARE NOT A+74 2 10
PRESENTED HERE. TARGET = TARGET USED IN THE MEASUREMENT. A+74 2 11
STRENG = RESONANCE STRENGTH, AS DEFINED IN THE ARTICLE. A+74 2 12
ERR-STRENG = ERROR IN THE RESONANCE STRENGTH. A+74 2 13
ENDBIB 11 A+74 2 14
DATA 6 6 A+74 2 15
EP EI EF STRENG ERR-STRENG A+74 2 16
KEV KEV KEV TARGET EV EV A+74 2 17
580. 2839. 0. AG2S 0.07 0.01 A+74 2 18
580. 2839. 0. CDS 0.09 0.02 A+74 2 19
580. 2839. 0. ZNS 0.07 0.02 A+74 2 20
588. 2846. 810. AG2S 0.18 0.04 A+74 2 21
588. 2846 810. CDS 0.24 0.05 A+74 2 22
588. 2846. 810. ZNS 0.22 0.05 A+74 2 23
ENDDATA 8 A+74 2 24
ENDSUBENT 2 A+74 299999
ENDENTRY 2 A+749999999

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

A+76

ENTRY A+76 0 A+76 0 1
SUBENTRY A+76 1 0 A+76 1 1
BIB 13 58 A+76 1 2
INSTITUTE (FRGRA) A+76 1 3
REFERENCE (J,NP/A,A257,490,1976) A+76 1 4
AUTHORS (M.M.ALEONARD,PH.HUBERT,L.SARGER,P.MENNRATH) A+76 1 5
TITLE ETUDE DES ETATS DU 33CL A L'AIDE DE LA REACTION A+76 1 6
32S(P,GAMMA)33CL A+76 1 7
FACILITY (VDG) 4-MV VAN DE GRAAFF ACCELERATOR, C.E.A. CENTRE A+76 1 8
D'ETUDES NUCLEAIRES DE BORDEAUX-GRADIGNAN, FRANCE. A+76 1 9
INC-PART (P) PROTONS. A+76 1 10
TARGETS AG2S ENRICHED TO 99.86 PERC IN 32S (15-120 MICROG/CM**2) A+76 1 11
ON A GOLD SUPPORT. PREPARED BY METHOD OF WATSON ET AL. A+76 1 12
(REFERENCE GIVEN IN THE PAPER). AG2S, CDS AND ZNS A+76 1 13
PREPARED BY VACUUM EVAPORATION USING COMPOUNDS OF A+76 1 14
NATURAL SULPHUR (> 1 MG/CM**2) ON A 0.1 MM THICK GOLD A+76 1 15
BACKING. A+76 1 16
METHOD PROTON ENERGIES WERE IN THE 0.4 TO 2.6 MEV RANGE. THE A+76 1 17
PROTON ENERGY RESOLUTION WAS 1 KEV AT EP = 1750 KEV. A+76 1 18
THE PROTON ENERGY WAS CALIBRATED USING WELL-KNOWN A+76 1 19
(P,GAMMA) RESONANCES IN 34S, 27AL AND 13C. THE PRESENT A+76 1 20
EXPERIMENT INVOLVED PROTON BOMBARDMENT OF VARIOUS A+76 1 21
TARGETS INCLUDING THOSE CONTAINING SULPHUR COMPOUNDS A+76 1 22
WITH BOTH NATURAL SULPHUR AND 32S ENRICHED MATERIAL. A+76 1 23
A RESONANCE EXCITATION FUNCTION WAS MEASURED IN STEPS A+76 1 24
OF 0.5 TO 1 KEV FROM 560 TO 2600 KEV. THE DETECTOR WAS A+76 1 25
PLACED AT 55 DEG. RELATIVE TO THE PROTON BEAM. THREE A+76 1 26
NEW RESONANCES WERE IDENTIFIED. RESONANCE STRENGTHS A+76 1 27
WERE DETERMINED FOR 14 RESONANCES BY LOOKING AT THE A+76 1 28
PROMINENT RESONANCE DECAY GAMMA RAYS WITH A HIGH- A+76 1 29
RESOLUTION GE(LI) DETECTOR. ANGULAR DISTRIBUTIONS WERE A+76 1 30
MEASURED FOR GAMMA RAYS FROM SEVERAL OF THESE A+76 1 31
RESONANCES. DATA TAKEN AT 0, 30, 45, 55 AND 90 DEG. A+76 1 32
LIFETIMES FOR SEVERAL RESONANCES WERE MEASURED BY A+76 1 33
DOPPLER-SHIFT ATTENUATION METHOD WITH THE GE(LI) A+76 1 34
DETECTOR PLACED AT 0 AND 132 DEG. MULTIPOLE MIXING A+76 1 35
RATIOS WERE ALSO DETERMINED FOR SEVERAL GAMMA-RAY A+76 1 36
TRANSITIONS. RAW SPECTRAL DATA WERE RECORDED WITH A A+76 1 37
4096-CHANNEL ANALYZER AND WERE LATER TRANSFER TO A+76 1 38
COMPUTERS FOR FURTHER ANALYSIS. A+76 1 39
DETECTORS (NAICR) NAI SCINTILLATION DETECTOR USED TO MEASURE A+76 1 40
RESONANCE EXCITATION FUNCTION. A+76 1 41
(GELI) 80-CM**3 GE(LI) DETECTOR USED TO MEASURE GAMMA- A+76 1 42
RAY SPECTRA FOR THE DETERMINATION OF RESONANCE STRENGTHS A+76 1 43
AND RESONANCE DECAY BRANCHING AND ANGULAR DISTRIBUTIONS. A+76 1 44
MONITORS (GELI) 60-CM**3 GE(LI) DETECTOR USED DURING ANGULAR A+76 1 45
DISTRIBUTION MEASUREMENTS WITH THE 80-CM**3 GE(LI) A+76 1 46
DETECTOR. A+76 1 47
(CI) A CURRENT INTEGRATOR WAS USED FOR NORMALIZATION OF A+76 1 48
THE RESONANCE EXCITATION FUNCTION DATA. A+76 1 49
ERR-ANALYS THE ESTIMATED ERRORS WERE BASED ON A CONSIDERATION OF A+76 1 50
STATISTICS AND REPRODUCIBILITY. SYSTEMATIC ERRORS IN A+76 1 51
THE ABSOLUTE RESONANCE STRENGTH MEASUREMENTS WERE A+76 1 52
ESTIMATED BY COMPARING RESULTS FROM THE AG2S, CDS AND A+76 1 53
ZNS TARGETS. A+76 1 54
COMMENT THIS EXPERIMENT WAS UNDERTAKEN TO IMPROVE AN EARLIER A+76 1 55
INVESTIGATION FROM THIS GROUP. REFERENCES TO PAPERS ON A+76 1 56
THIS EARLIER WORK SHOULD BE EXAMINED FOR A BETTER A+76 1 57
UNDERSTANDING OF DETAILS OF THE MEASUREMENT AND A+76 1 58
DATA ANALYSIS PROCEDURES. A+76 1 59
STATUS RESULTS PUBLISHED IN NUCLEAR PHYSICS A (IN FRENCH). A+76 1 60
ENDBIB 58 A+76 1 61
ENDSUBENT 1 A+76 199999
SUBENTRY A+76 2 0 A+76 2 1
BIB 2 10 A+76 2 2
REACTION 32S(P,GAMMA)33CL A+76 2 3
COMMENT ABSOLUTE RESONANCE STRENGTH VALUES OBTAINED FROM TABLE A+76 2 4
1 OF THE PAPER. EP = RESONANCE ENERGY. ERR-EP = ERROR IN A+76 2 5
RESONANCE ENERGY. EX = EXCITATION ENERGY IN 33CL. A+76 2 6
ERR-EX = ERROR IN EXCITATION ENERGY IN 33CL. A+76 2 7
STRENG = ABSOLUTE RESONANCE STRENGTH. ERR-STRENG = A+76 2 8
ERROR IN ABSOLUTE RESONANCE STRENGTH. RESONANCE A+76 2 9
STRENGTH IS DEFINED IN THE HEADING OF THIS TABLE. A+76 2 10
VALUES GIVEN ARE DERIVED FROM MEASUREMENTS WITH TARGETS A+76 2 11
MADE USING THREE SULPHUR COMPOUNDS (AG2S, CDS AND ZNS). A+76 2 12
ENDBIB 10 A+76 2 13
DATA 6 14 A+76 2 14
EP ERR-EP EX ERR-EX STRENG ERR-STRENG A+76 2 15
KEV KEV KEV KEV EV EV A+76 2 16
421.8 0.6 2865.5 0.4 9.0000E-05 4.0000E-05 A+76 2 17
579.8 0.6 2838.7 0.8 0.08 0.01 A+76 2 18
587.9 0.5 2846.6 0.7 0.21 0.03 A+76 2 19
720.7 0.6 2975.4 0.3 1.4000E-04 0.6000E-04 A+76 2 20
1587.8 1.1 3816.2 1.2 0.053 0.007 A+76 2 21
1748.4 1.0 3971.5 1.1 0.09 0.02 A+76 2 22
1757.2 0.9 3980.4 1.0 0.38 0.04 A+76 2 23
1879.7 1.1 4099.2 1.2 0.019 0.008 A+76 2 24
1893.8 1.1 4112.9 1.2 0.07 0.02 A+76 2 25
1898.0 2.0 4117.0 2.0 0.19 0.07 A+76 2 26
2229.4 1.3 4438.3 1.4 0.30 0.04 A+76 2 27
2255.4 1.3 4463.6 1.8 0.14 0.02 A+76 2 28
2547.2 1.5 4746.5 1.5 1.4 0.2 A+76 2 29
2577.0 3.0 4775.0 3.0 0.093 0.019 A+76 2 30
ENDDATA 16 A+76 2 31
ENDSUBENT 2 A+76 299999
SUBENTRY A+76 3 0 A+76 3 1
BIB 2 9 A+76 3 2
REACTION 32S(P,GAMMA)33CL A+76 3 3
COMMENT THE ENERGIES OF LOW-LYING (< 4 MEV) EXCITED LEVELS IN A+76 3 4
33CL WERE DEDUCED IN THE PRESENT WORK AS A A+76 3 5
CONSEQUENCE OF MEASURING THE RESONANCE EXCITATION A+76 3 6
FUNCTION AND OF DETERMINING RESONANCE LIFETIMES BY A+76 3 7
THE DOPPLER-SHIFT ATTENUATION METHOD AS APPLIED TO A+76 3 8
GAMMA RAYS WHICH DE-EXCITE THE RESONANCE STATES. EX = A+76 3 9
EXCITATION ENERGY IN 33CL. ERR-EX = ERROR IN EXCITATION A+76 3 10
ENERGY IN 33CL. VALUES OBTAINED FROM TABLE 2 OF PAPER. A+76 3 11
ENDBIB 9 A+76 3 12
DATA 2 8 A+76 3 13
EX ERR-EX A+76 3 14
KEV KEV A+76 3 15
810.7 0.3 A+76 3 16
1986.5 0.4 A+76 3 17
2351.8 0.3 A+76 3 18
2685.5 0.4 A+76 3 19
2839.0 0.3 A+76 3 20
2846.3 0.3 A+76 3 21
2975.4 0.3 A+76 3 22
3816.1 0.3 A+76 3 23
ENDDATA 10 A+76 3 24
ENDSUBENT 3 A+76 399999
SUBENTRY A+76 4 0 A+76 4 1
BIB 2 11 A+76 4 2
REACTION 32S(P,GAMMA)33CL A+76 4 3
COMMENT MEAN LIFETIMES OF 33CL STATES DETERMINED BY DOPPLER- A+76 4 4
SHIFT ATTENUATION METHOD. EX = 33CL LEVEL EXCITATION A+76 4 5
ENERGY. EI = INITIAL 33CL LEVEL FOR GAMMA-RAY A+76 4 6
TRANSITION. EF = FINAL 33CL LEVEL FOR GAMMA-RAY A+76 4 7
TRANSITION. EP = ENERGY OF RESONANCE WHERE LIFETIME A+76 4 8
MEASUREMENT WAS PERFORMED. TAU = MEAN LIFETIME OF 33CL A+76 4 9
LEVEL. ERR-TAU = ERROR IN MEAN LIFETIME OF 33CL LEVEL. A+76 4 10
MEASUREMENTS INDICATE THAT MEAN LIFETIME OF THE 2846- A+76 4 11
KEV LEVEL IN 33CL IS < 1 FS. VALUE IS NOT INCLUDED IN A+76 4 12
THE DATA BLOCK BELOW. VALUES FROM TABLE 3 OF THE PAPER. A+76 4 13
ENDBIB 11 A+76 4 14
DATA 6 7 A+76 4 15
EX EI EF EP TAU ERR-TAU A+76 4 16
KEV KEV KEV KEV FS FS A+76 4 17
1986. 1986. 0. 1588. 62. 6. A+76 4 18
1986. 1986. 0. 2547. 58. 8. A+76 4 19
2352. 2352. 811. 1588. 110. 10. A+76 4 20
2352. 2352. 811. 2547. 77. 13. A+76 4 21
2839. 2839. 0. 580. 4.4 1.5 A+76 4 22
2975. 2975. 0. 1588. 98. 13. A+76 4 23
2975. 2975. 0. 2547. 82. 8. A+76 4 24
ENDDATA 9 A+76 4 25
ENDSUBENT 4 A+76 499999
SUBENTRY A+76 5 0 A+76 5 1
BIB 2 11 A+76 5 2
REACTION 32S(P,GAMMA)33CL A+76 5 3
COMMENT ANGULAR DISTRIBUTION COEFFICIENTS FOR THE GAMMA-RAY A+76 5 4
TRANSITIONS THAT DE-EXCITE THE SELECTED RESONANCE STATE A+76 5 5
OF 33CL. THESE ARE COEFFICIENTS A2 AND A4 OF A LEGENDRE A+76 5 6
POLYNOMIAL EXPANSION. VALUES FROM TABLE 4 OF THE PAPER. A+76 5 7
COMMON RESONANCE PROTON ENERGY EP IS INDICATED. EI = A+76 5 8
INITIAL 33CL LEVEL FOR GAMMA-RAY TRANSITION. EF = A+76 5 9
FINAL 33CL LEVEL FOR GAMMA-RAY TRANSITION. A2 = A+76 5 10
COEFFICIENT OF P2 TERM IN LEGENDRE EXPANSION. ERR-A2 = A+76 5 11
ERROR IN A2. A4 = COEFFICIENT OF P4 TERM IN LEGENDRE A+76 5 12
EXPANSION. ERR-A4 = ERROR IN A4. A+76 5 13
ENDBIB 11 A+76 5 14
COMMON 1 3 A+76 5 15
EP A+76 5 16
KEV A+76 5 17
1588. A+76 5 18
ENDCOMMON 1 3 A+76 5 19
DATA 6 8 A+76 5 20
EI EF A2 ERR-A2 A4 ERR-A4 A+76 5 21
KEV KEV NO-DIM NO-DIM NO-DIM NO-DIM A+76 5 22
3816. 0. -0.58 0.05 0.49 0.05 A+76 5 23
3816. 1986. 0.18 0.02 0.03 0.04 A+76 5 24
3816. 2352. 0.01 0.11 -0.03 0.08 A+76 5 25
3816. 2839. 0.70 0.05 0.02 0.04 A+76 5 26
1986. 0. 0.35 0.04 -0.06 0.03 A+76 5 27
2352. 811. 0.19 0.05 0.05 0.04 A+76 5 28
2352. 0. -0.43 0.03 -0.02 0.03 A+76 5 29
2975. 0. 0.23 0.10 -0.11 0.10 A+76 5 30
ENDDATA 10 A+76 5 31
ENDSUBENT 5 A+76 599999
SUBENTRY A+76 6 0 A+76 6 1
BIB 2 11 A+76 6 2
REACTION 32S(P,GAMMA)33CL A+76 6 3
COMMENT ANGULAR DISTRIBUTION COEFFICIENTS FOR THE GAMMA-RAY A+76 6 4
TRANSITIONS THAT DE-EXCITE THE SELECTED RESONANCE STATE A+76 6 5
OF 33CL. THESE ARE COEFFICIENTS A2 AND A4 OF A LEGENDRE A+76 6 6
POLYNOMIAL EXPANSION. VALUES FROM TABLE 4 OF THE PAPER. A+76 6 7
COMMON RESONANCE PROTON ENERGY EP IS INDICATED. EI = A+76 6 8
INITIAL 33CL LEVEL FOR GAMMA-RAY TRANSITION. EF = A+76 6 9
FINAL 33CL LEVEL FOR GAMMA-RAY TRANSITION. A2 = A+76 6 10
COEFFICIENT OF P2 TERM IN LEGENDRE EXPANSION. ERR-A2 = A+76 6 11
ERROR IN A2. A4 = COEFFICIENT OF P4 TERM IN LEGENDRE A+76 6 12
EXPANSION. ERR-A4 = ERROR IN A4. A+76 6 13
ENDBIB 11 A+76 6 14
COMMON 1 3 A+76 6 15
EP A+76 6 16
KEV A+76 6 17
1748. A+76 6 18
ENDCOMMON 1 3 A+76 6 19
DATA 6 2 A+76 6 20
EI EF A2 ERR-A2 A4 ERR-A4 A+76 6 21
KEV KEV NO-DIM NO-DIM NO-DIM NO-DIM A+76 6 22
3972. 0. 0.84 0.08 0.05 0.05 A+76 6 23
3972. 811. -0.49 0.03 0.09 0.03 A+76 6 24
ENDDATA 4 A+76 6 25
ENDSUBENT 6 A+76 699999
SUBENTRY A+76 7 0 A+76 7 1
BIB 2 11 A+76 7 2
REACTION 32S(P,GAMMA)33CL A+76 7 3
COMMENT ANGULAR DISTRIBUTION COEFFICIENTS FOR THE GAMMA-RAY A+76 7 4
TRANSITIONS THAT DE-EXCITE THE SELECTED RESONANCE STATE A+76 7 5
OF 33CL. THESE ARE COEFFICIENTS A2 AND A4 OF A LEGENDRE A+76 7 6
POLYNOMIAL EXPANSION. VALUES FROM TABLE 4 OF THE PAPER. A+76 7 7
COMMON RESONANCE PROTON ENERGY EP IS INDICATED. EI = A+76 7 8
INITIAL 33CL LEVEL FOR GAMMA-RAY TRANSITION. EF = A+76 7 9
FINAL 33CL LEVEL FOR GAMMA-RAY TRANSITION. A2 = A+76 7 10
COEFFICIENT OF P2 TERM IN LEGENDRE EXPANSION. ERR-A2 = A+76 7 11
ERROR IN A2. A4 = COEFFICIENT OF P4 TERM IN LEGENDRE A+76 7 12
EXPANSION. ERR-A4 = ERROR IN A4. A+76 7 13
ENDBIB 11 A+76 7 14
COMMON 1 3 A+76 7 15
EP A+76 7 16
KEV A+76 7 17
1757. A+76 7 18
ENDCOMMON 1 3 A+76 7 19
DATA 6 4 A+76 7 20
EI EF A2 ERR-A2 A4 ERR-A4 A+76 7 21
KEV KEV NO-DIM NO-DIM NO-DIM NO-DIM A+76 7 22
3980. 0. -0.42 0.02 0.03 0.02 A+76 7 23
3980. 2685. -0.49 0.06 0.04 0.06 A+76 7 24
3980. 2839. 0.40 0.15 -0.04 0.13 A+76 7 25
3980. 2846. -0.75 0.08 0.04 0.09 A+76 7 26
ENDDATA 6 A+76 7 27
ENDSUBENT 7 A+76 799999
SUBENTRY A+76 8 0 A+76 8 1
BIB 2 11 A+76 8 2
REACTION 32S(P,GAMMA)33CL A+76 8 3
COMMENT ANGULAR DISTRIBUTION COEFFICIENTS FOR THE GAMMA-RAY A+76 8 4
TRANSITIONS THAT DE-EXCITE THE SELECTED RESONANCE STATE A+76 8 5
OF 33CL. THESE ARE COEFFICIENTS A2 AND A4 OF A LEGENDRE A+76 8 6
POLYNOMIAL EXPANSION. VALUES FROM TABLE 4 OF THE PAPER. A+76 8 7
COMMON RESONANCE PROTON ENERGY EP IS INDICATED. EI = A+76 8 8
INITIAL 33CL LEVEL FOR GAMMA-RAY TRANSITION. EF = A+76 8 9
FINAL 33CL LEVEL FOR GAMMA-RAY TRANSITION. A2 = A+76 8 10
COEFFICIENT OF P2 TERM IN LEGENDRE EXPANSION. ERR-A2 = A+76 8 11
ERROR IN A2. A4 = COEFFICIENT OF P4 TERM IN LEGENDRE A+76 8 12
EXPANSION. ERR-A4 = ERROR IN A4. A+76 8 13
ENDBIB 11 A+76 8 14
COMMON 1 3 A+76 8 15
EP A+76 8 16
KEV A+76 8 17
2577. A+76 8 18
ENDCOMMON 1 3 A+76 8 19
DATA 6 5 A+76 8 20
EI EF A2 ERR-A2 A4 ERR-A4 A+76 8 21
KEV KEV NO-DIM NO-DIM NO-DIM NO-DIM A+76 8 22
4775. 2685. 0.09 0.03 0.06 0.05 A+76 8 23
4775. 2839. -0.39 0.03 0.06 0.05 A+76 8 24
4775. 2846 0.14 0.10 -0.11 0.11 A+76 8 25
2839. 0. -0.51 0.04 0.02 0.04 A+76 8 26
1986. 0. 0.49 0.16 0.29 0.17 A+76 8 27
ENDDATA 7 A+76 8 28
ENDSUBENT 8 A+76 899999
SUBENTRY A+76 9 0 A+76 9 1
BIB 2 19 A+76 9 2
REACTION 32S(P,GAMMA)33CL A+76 9 3
COMMENT MULTIPOLE MIXING RATIOS DEDUCED FOR OBSERVED GAMMA- A+76 9 4
RAY TRANSITIONS. EI = INITIAL 33CL LEVEL FOR GAMMA- A+76 9 5
RAY TRANSITION. EF = FINAL 33CL LEVEL FOR GAMMA-RAY A+76 9 6
TRANSITION. JIPI = ASSUMED SPIN/PARITY OF INITIAL A+76 9 7
33CL LEVEL. JFPI = ASSUMED SPIN/PARITY OF FINAL 33CL A+76 9 8
LEVEL. POSITIVE VALUE INDICATES POSITIVE PARITY AND A+76 9 9
NEGATIVE VALUE INDICATES NEGATIVE PARITY. DELTA = A+76 9 10
MULTIPOLE MIXING RATIO. ERR-DELTA = ERROR IN A+76 9 11
MULTIPOLE MIXING RATIO. IDENT = IDENTIFICATION A+76 9 12
OF DATA ENTRY AS DEFINED IN COMMON BLOCK. MULT1 = A+76 9 13
FIRST MULTIPOLARITY. MULT2 = SECOND MULTIPOLARITY. A+76 9 14
SOMETIMES ONLY ONE MULTIPOLARITY (MULT1) APPEARS. A+76 9 15
WHEN MORE THAN ONE ENTRY APPEARS FOR THE SAME A+76 9 16
TRANSITION, THIS REFLECTS UNCERTAINTY IN THE SPIN/ A+76 9 17
PARITY ASSIGNMENTS. IN SOME CASES MORE THAN ONE VALUE A+76 9 18
OF MIXING RATIO IS GIVEN FOR THE SAME TRANSITION AND A+76 9 19
ASSUMED SPIN/PARITY ASSIGNMENTS. INFORMATION FROM A+76 9 20
TABLE 6 OF THE PAPER. A+76 9 21
ENDBIB 19 A+76 9 22
COMMON 6 31 A+76 9 23
IDENT EI EF JIPI JFPI A+76 9 24
NO-DIM KEV KEV NO-DIM NO-DIM MULT1,MULT2 A+76 9 25
1 1986. 0. 2.5 1.5 M1,E2 A+76 9 26
2 1986. 0. 2.5 1.5 M1,E2 A+76 9 27
3 2352. 0. 1.5 1.5 M1,E2 A+76 9 28
4 2352. 811. 1.5 0.5 M1,E2 A+76 9 29
5 2685. 1986. -2.5 2.5 E1 A+76 9 30
6 2685. 1986. -3.5 2.5 E1 A+76 9 31
7 2839. 0. 2.5 1.5 M1,E2 A+76 9 32
8 2975. 0. 3.5 1.5 E2 A+76 9 33
9 3816. 0. 2.5 1.5 M1,E2 A+76 9 34
10 3816. 1986. 2.5 2.5 M1,E2 A+76 9 35
11 3816. 2352. 2.5 1.5 M1,E2 A+76 9 36
12 3816. 2839. 2.5 2.5 M1,E2 A+76 9 37
13 3972. 0. 1.5 1.5 M1,E2 A+76 9 38
14 3972. 811. 1.5 0.5 M1 A+76 9 39
15 3972. 811. 1.5 0.5 M1,E2 A+76 9 40
16 3980. 0. -2.5 1.5 E1 A+76 9 41
17 3980. 2685. -2.5 -2.5 M1,E2 A+76 9 42
18 3980. 2685. -2.5 -3.5 M1,E2 A+76 9 43
19 3980. 2685. -2.5 -3.5 M1,E2 A+76 9 44
20 3980. 2839. -2.5 2.5 E1 A+76 9 45
21 3980. 2846. -2.5 -1.5 M1,E2 A+76 9 46
22 3980. 2846. -2.5 -1.5 M1,E2 A+76 9 47
23 4117. 0. -1.5 1.5 E1 A+76 9 48
24 4117. 811. -1.5 0.5 E1 A+76 9 49
25 4117. 2846. -1.5 -1.5 M1 A+76 9 50
26 4775. 2685. -3.5 -2.5 M1,E2 A+76 9 51
27 4775. 2685. -3.5 -3.5 M1,E2 A+76 9 52
28 4775. 2839. -3.5 2.5 E1,M2 A+76 9 53
29 4775. 2846. -3.5 -1.5 E2 A+76 9 54
ENDCOMMON 6 31 A+76 9 55
DATA 3 29 A+76 9 56
IDENT DELTA ERR-DELTA A+76 9 57
NO-DIM NO-DIM NO-DIM A+76 9 58
1 -4. 1. A+76 9 59
2 -0.53 0.06 A+76 9 60
3 1.3 0.4 A+76 9 61
4 -0.44 0.04 A+76 9 62
5 0.0 0.5 A+76 9 63
6 0.0 0.6 A+76 9 64
7 0.10 0.02 A+76 9 65
8 0.09 0.09 A+76 9 66
9 2.5 0.3 A+76 9 67
10 0.22 0.03 A+76 9 68
11 -0.17 0.04 A+76 9 69
12 -0.47 0.16 A+76 9 70
13 -0.8 0.5 A+76 9 71
14 0.00 0.02 A+76 9 72
15 1.73 0.07 A+76 9 73
16 0.01 0.02 A+76 9 74
17 0.9 0.3 A+76 9 75
18 -7. 2. A+76 9 76
19 -0.25 0.06 A+76 9 77
20 0.03 0.15 A+76 9 78
21 0.23 0.08 A+76 9 79
22 1.3 0.4 A+76 9 80
23 0. A+76 9 81
24 0. A+76 9 82
25 0. A+76 9 83
26 -0.21 0.04 A+76 9 84
27 0.32 0.04 A+76 9 85
28 0.02 0.02 A+76 9 86
29 0. A+76 9 87
ENDDATA 31 A+76 9 88
ENDSUBENT 9 A+76 999999
SUBENTRY A+76 10 0 A+7610 1
BIB 2 19 A+7610 2
REACTION 32S(P,GAMMA)33CL A+7610 3
COMMENT REDUCED MATRIX ELEMENTS DEDUCED FOR OBSERVED GAMMA- A+7610 4
RAY TRANSITIONS. EI = INITIAL 33CL LEVEL FOR GAMMA- A+7610 5
RAY TRANSITION. EF = FINAL 33CL LEVEL FOR GAMMA-RAY A+7610 6
TRANSITION. JIPI = ASSUMED SPIN/PARITY OF INITIAL A+7610 7
33CL LEVEL. JFPI = ASSUMED SPIN/PARITY OF FINAL 33CL A+7610 8
LEVEL. POSITIVE VALUE INDICATES POSITIVE PARITY AND A+7610 9
NEGATIVE VALUE INDICATES NEGATIVE PARITY. MULT1 = A+7610 10
FIRST MULTIPOLARITY. MULT2 = SECOND MULTIPOLARITY. A+7610 11
ME1 = REDUCED MATRIX ELEMENT FOR MULT1. ERR-ME1 = A+7610 12
ERROR IN ME1. ME2 = REDUCED MATRIX ELEMENT FOR MULT2. A+7610 13
ERR-ME2 = ERROR IN ME2. IDENT = DATA ENTRY A+7610 14
IDENTIFICATION FOR DATA ENTRY AS DEFINED IN COMMON A+7610 15
BLOCK. SOMETIMES ONLY ONE MULTIPOLARITY (MULT1) A+7610 16
APPEARS. WHEN MORE THAN ONE ENTRY APPEARS FOR THE A+7610 17
SAME TRANSITION THIS REFLECTS UNCERTAINTY IN THE A+7610 18
ASSUMED SPIN/PARITY ASSIGNMENTS. INFORMATION FROM A+7610 19
TABLE 6 OF THE PAPER. NOTE INEQUALITY SIGNS FOR A+7610 20
MATRIX ELEMENTS WITH IDENT = 9-13, 16-22 AND 28. A+7610 21
ENDBIB 19 A+7610 22
COMMON 6 31 A+7610 23
IDENT EI EF JIPI JFPI A+7610 24
NO-DIM KEV KEV NO-DIM NO-DIM MULT1,MULT2 A+7610 25
1 1986. 0. 2.5 1.5 M1,E2 A+7610 26
2 1986. 0. 2.5 1.5 M1,E2 A+7610 27
3 2352. 0. 1.5 1.5 M1,E2 A+7610 28
4 2352. 811. 1.5 0.5 M1,E2 A+7610 29
5 2685. 1986. -2.5 2.5 E1 A+7610 30
6 2685. 1986. -3.5 2.5 E1 A+7610 31
7 2839. 0. 2.5 1.5 M1,E2 A+7610 32
8 2975. 0. 3.5 1.5 E2 A+7610 33
9 3816. 0. 2.5 1.5 M1,E2 A+7610 34
10 3816. 1986. 2.5 2.5 M1,E2 A+7610 35
11 3816. 2352. 2.5 1.5 M1,E2 A+7610 36
12 3816. 2839. 2.5 2.5 M1,E2 A+7610 37
13 3972. 0. 1.5 1.5 M1,E2 A+7610 38
14 3972. 811. 1.5 0.5 M1 A+7610 39
15 3972. 811. 1.5 0.5 M1,E2 A+7610 40
16 3980. 0. -2.5 1.5 E1 A+7610 41
17 3980. 2685. -2.5 -2.5 M1,E2 A+7610 42
18 3980. 2685. -2.5 -3.5 M1,E2 A+7610 43
19 3980. 2685. -2.5 -3.5 M1,E2 A+7610 44
20 3980. 2839. -2.5 2.5 E1 A+7610 45
21 3980. 2846. -2.5 -1.5 M1,E2 A+7610 46
22 3980. 2846. -2.5 -1.5 M1,E2 A+7610 47
23 4117. 0. -1.5 1.5 E1 A+7610 48
24 4117. 811. -1.5 0.5 E1 A+7610 49
25 4117. 2846. -1.5 -1.5 M1 A+7610 50
26 4775. 2685. -3.5 -2.5 M1,E2 A+7610 51
27 4775. 2685. -3.5 -3.5 M1,E2 A+7610 52
28 4775. 2839. -3.5 2.5 E1,M2 A+7610 53
29 4775. 2846. -3.5 -1.5 E2 A+7610 54
ENDCOMMON 6 31 A+7610 55
DATA 5 29 A+7610 56
IDENT ME1 ERR-ME1 ME2 ERR-ME2 A+7610 57
NO-DIM W.U. W.U. W.U. W.U. A+7610 58
1 4.0000E-03 2.0000E-03 65. 17. A+7610 59
2 5.3000E-02 1.4000E-02 15. 5. A+7610 60
3 2.5000E-03 1.2000E-03 3.1 1.1 A+7610 61
4 5.8000E-02 1.7000E-02 19. 6. A+7610 62
5 6.0000E-05 3.0000E-05 A+7610 63
6 4.4000E-05 2.2000E-05 A+7610 64
7 0.29 0.08 1.4 0.7 A+7610 65
8 3.6 0.8 A+7610 66
9 1.4000E-04 0.23 A+7610 67
10 1.4000E-04 0.9 A+7610 68
11 0.6 3.3 A+7610 69
12 4.6000E-02 42. A+7610 70
13 3.3000E-03 1.8000E-03 1. A+7610 71
14 1.4000E-02 0.4000E-02 A+7610 72
15 3.4000E-03 0.9000E-03 4.1 0.9 A+7610 73
16 9.0000E-04 A+7610 74
17 1.7000E-02 36. A+7610 75
18 6.0000E-04 72. A+7610 76
19 3.0000E-02 4. A+7610 77
20 7.2000E-03 A+7610 78
21 4.7000E-02 6. A+7610 79
22 1.8000E-02 90. A+7610 80
23 2.9000E-04 1.1000E-04 A+7610 81
24 8.0000E-04 3.0000E-04 A+7610 82
25 0.11 0.07 A+7610 83
26 2.5000E-02 0.6000E-02 1.0 0.4 A+7610 84
27 2.4000E-02 0.6000E-02 2.1 0.7 A+7610 85
28 1.2000E-03 0.3000E-03 2.3 A+7610 86
29 8. 2. A+7610 87
ENDDATA 31 A+7610 88
ENDSUBENT 10 A+761099999
ENDENTRY 10 A+769999999

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

EE66

ENTRY EE66 0 EE66 0 1
SUBENT EE66 1 0 EE66 1 1
BIB 13 39 EE66 1 2
INSTITUTE (NEDUTR) EE66 1 3
REFERENCE (J,NP,88,12,1966) EE66 1 4
AUTHORS (G.A.P.ENGELBERTINK,P.M.ENDT) EE66 1 5
TITLE MEASUREMENTS OF (P,GAMMA) RESONANCE STRENGTHS IN THE EE66 1 6
S-D SHELL. EE66 1 7
FACILITIES (VDG) 3-MV VAN DE GRAAFF ACCELERATOR. EE66 1 8
(C-W) 850-KV COCKCROFT-WALTON GENERATOR. EE66 1 9
FYSISCH LAB., UTRECHT, RIIKSUNIVERSITEIT, NETHERLANDS. EE66 1 10
INC-PART (P) PROTONS. EE66 1 11
TARGETS THE FOLLOWING SULPHUR-BEARING COMPOUNDS WERE USED: EE66 1 12
NA2S2O7, MGSO4, P4S6, ZNS, K2SO4 AND CASO4. MATERIALS EE66 1 13
CONTAINED ELEMENTS WITH NATURAL ISOTOPIC ABUNDANCES. EE66 1 14
THESE TARGETS WERE PREPARED BY VACUUM EVAPORATION ONTO EE66 1 15
0.3-MM TANTALUM BACKINGS. MATERIALS WERE SELECTED THAT EE66 1 16
WOULD NOT DECOMPOSE DURING THE EVAPORATION PROCESS. EE66 1 17
METHOD RELATIVE STRENGTH DETERMINATIONSS MADE BY COMPARISON OF EE66 1 18
THICK-TARGET YIELD MEASUREMENTS USING TARGETS OF VARIOUS EE66 1 19
CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS. USE OF A VARIETY OF TARGET MATERIALS EE66 1 20
AVOIDED SYSTEMATIC ERRORS DUE TO TARGET STOICHIOMETRY EE66 1 21
UNCERTAINTY. TARGETS WERE WATER COOLED TO MINIMIZE EE66 1 22
DETERIORATION. PROTON CHARGE MEASURED WITH A CURRENT EE66 1 23
INTEGRATOR. NEGATIVELY BIASED SUPPRESSOR RING PREVENTED EE66 1 24
LOSSES DUE TO SECONDARY ELECTRON EMISSION. RESONANCE EE66 1 25
STRENGTH RATIOS WERE MEASURED USING A NAI EE66 1 26
SCINTILLATION DETECTOR. RATIO DATA WERE NORMALIZED BY EE66 1 27
USING ABSOLUTE STRENGTH OF A 30SI(P,GAMMA)31P RESONANCE EE66 1 28
WHICH HAD BEEN DETERMINED IN AN EARLIER EXPERIMENT. EE66 1 29
RESONANCE STRENGTHS FOR 32P(P,GAMMA)33CL WERE OVER- EE66 1 30
DETERMINED. FINAL BEST VALUES DETERMINED BY A LEAST EE66 1 31
SQUARES ANALYSIS. EE66 1 32
DETECTOR (NAICR) NAI SCINTILLATION CRYSTAL DETECTOR. EE66 1 33
MONITOR (CI) CURRENT INTEGRATOR USED TO MEASURE PROTON CHARGE. EE66 1 34
CORRECTION BACKGROUND COUNTS WERE SUBTRACTED. CORRECTIONS WERE EE66 1 35
MADE FOR COINCIDENCE AND RANDOM SUMMING EFFECTS. EE66 1 36
ERR-ANALYS DATA UNCERTAINTIES ARE INCLUDED FOR STRENGTH OF STANDARD EE66 1 37
RESONANCE (8.4 PERC) AND ESTIMATED ERROR FOR UNKNOWN EE66 1 38
GAMMA RAY SPECTRUM (7 PERC). TOTAL ERROR OF 15 PERC IS EE66 1 39
ASSIGNED TO THE FINAL RESULTS. EE66 1 40
STATUS PUBLISHED IN NUCLEAR PHYSICS. EE66 1 41
ENDBIB 39 EE66 1 42
ENDSUBENT 1 EE66 199999
SUBENT EE66 2 0 EE66 2 1
BIB 2 14 EE66 2 2
REACTION 32S(P,GAMMA)33CL EE66 2 3
COMMENT THE FOLLOWING DATA ARE RELATIVE STRENGTHS OF THE 588- EE66 2 4
KEV RESONANCE IN THE 32S(P,GAMMA)33CL REACTION TO EE66 2 5
THE STRENGTHS FOR SEVERAL OTHER RESONANCE REACTIONS. EE66 2 6
VALUES ARE EXPRESSED IN FORM INDICATED, WHERE THE EE66 2 7
SULPHUR VALUE IS IN THE DENOMINATOR. THESE MEASURED EE66 2 8
DATA ARE OBTAINED FROM TABLE 1 OF THE PAPER. EE66 2 9
RATIO = DEFINITION OF STRENGTH RATIOS. STRENGR = EE66 2 10
MEASURED STRENGTH RATIO FOR 588-KEV RESONANCE IN THE EE66 2 11
32S(P,GAMMA)33CL REACTION. ERR-STRENGR = ERROR IN EE66 2 12
STRENGR. TARGET = TARGET MATERIAL USED IN THE RATIO EE66 2 13
MEASUREMENT. THE VALUES GIVEN ARE AVERAGE VALUES EE66 2 14
BASED ON SEVERAL MEASUREMENTS WITH DIFFERENT TARGET EE66 2 15
THICKNESSES. SEE PAPER FOR FURTHER DISCUSSION. EE66 2 16
ENDBIB 14 EE66 2 17
DATA 4 6 EE66 2 18
STRENGR STRENGR-ERR EE66 2 19
TARGET RATIO NO-DIM NO-DIM EE66 2 20
NA2S2O7 23NA/32S 6.6 0.7 EE66 2 21
MGSO4 26MG/32S 6.6 0.7 EE66 2 22
P4S6 31P/32S 3.80 0.38 EE66 2 23
ZNS 34S/32S 150. 15. EE66 2 24
K2SO4 39K/32S 230. 50. EE66 2 25
CASO4 40CA/32S 2.02 0.20 EE66 2 26
ENDDATA 8 EE66 2 27
ENDSUBENT 2 EE66 299999
SUBENT EE66 3 0 EE66 3 1
BIB 2 4 EE66 3 2
REACTION 32S(P,GAMMA)33CL EE66 3 3
COMMENT STRENG = ABSOLUTE RESONANCE STRENGTH CALCULATED EE66 3 4
FROM MEASURED RELATIVE STRENGTHS. ERR-STRENG = ERROR EE66 3 5
IN STRENG. VALUE IS TAKEN FROM TABLE 2 OF PAPER. EE66 3 6
ENDBIB 4 EE66 3 7
DATA 3 1 EE66 3 8
EP STRENG ERR-STRENG EE66 3 9
KEV KEV EE66 3 10
588. 0.14 0.02 EE66 3 11
ENDDATA 3 EE66 3 12
ENDSUBENT 3 EE66 399999
ENDENTRY 3 EE669999999

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

EIR72

ENTRY EIR72 0 EIR72 0 1
SUBENT EIR72 1 0 EIR72 1 1
BIB 13 53 EIR72 1 2
INSTITUTE (INDTRM) EIR72 1 3
REFERENCE (J,PR/C,C5,4,1270,1972) EIR72 1 4
AUTHORS (M.A.ESWARAN,M.ISMAIL,N.L.RAGOOWANSI) EIR72 1 5
TITLE STUDIES ON ANALOG STATES IN 33CL BY ISOSPIN-FORBIDDEN EIR72 1 6
RESONANCES IN THE REACTION 32S(P,GAMMA)33CL EIR72 1 7
FACILITY (VDG) 5-MV VAN DE GRAAFF ACCELERATOR, NUCLEAR PHYSICS EIR72 1 8
DIVISION, BHABHA ATOMIC RESEARCH CENTRE, TROMBAY, EIR72 1 9
BOMBAY, INDIA. EIR72 1 10
INC-PART (P) PROTONS EIR72 1 11
TARGET 300-MICROGRAM SB2S3 ON THICK GOLD BACKING. NATURAL EIR72 1 12
ISOTOPIC ABUNDANCE. PREPARED BY VACUUM EVAPORATION. EIR72 1 13
TARGET WAS WATER COOLED. EIR72 1 14
METHOD (ACTIV) MEASURED RESONANCE EXCITATION FUNCTION IN EIR72 1 15
RANGE EP = 3.360-5.410 MEV BY DETECTING POSITRONS WITH EIR72 1 16
A PLASTIC SCINTILLATOR. TARGET WAS PLACED AT 45 DEG. EIR72 1 17
TO INCIDENT BEAM. BETA DETECTOR WAS AT 90 DEG. VAN DE EIR72 1 18
GRAAFF ACCELERATOR BEAM WAS MECHANICALLY CHOPPED. EIR72 1 19
MEASUREMENT WAS MADE IN STEPS OF 10 KEV AND THE PROTON EIR72 1 20
ENERGY LOSS IN TARGET WAS ABOUT 14 KEV. THIS WAS THE EIR72 1 21
MAJOR CONTRIBUTOR TO THE EXPERIMENTAL RESOLUTION. EIR72 1 22
CALIBRATED BEAM ENERGY USING 27AL(P,GAMMA)28SI EIR72 1 23
RESONANCE AT EP = 991.91 KEV. 33CL RADIOACTIVE DECAY EIR72 1 24
BETA EVENTS WITH ENERGY EXCEEDING 500 KEV WERE EIR72 1 25
RECORDED WITH A 4096-CHANNEL ANALYZER OPERATING IN EIR72 1 26
MULTI-SCALING MODE WITH A 40 MILLISEC. DWELL TIME. EIR72 1 27
BEAM CURRENT WAS TYPICALLY AROUND 2 MICROAMP. DECAY EIR72 1 28
CURVES WERE MEASURED AT EACH PROTON ENERGY. LOOKED EIR72 1 29
FOR 2.52-SEC 33CL ACTIVITY TO DISCRIMINATE AGAINST EIR72 1 30
BACKGROUND EVENTS. ABSOLUTE STRENGTH OF RESONANCES EIR72 1 31
WAS DETERMINED BY NORMALIZING TO THE 32S(P,GAMMA)33CL EIR72 1 32
RESONANCE AT EP = 3.371 MEV. THIS WAS MEASURED USING EIR72 1 33
A GE(LI) DETECTOR WHICH VIEWED THE DECAY GAMMA RAYS EIR72 1 34
FROM THIS RESONANT STATE. USE WAS MADE OF STOPPING EIR72 1 35
POWER DATA AND THE MEASURED GE(LI) DETECTOR EFFICIENCY EIR72 1 36
IN THIS ANALYSIS. GAMMA-RAY SPECTRA WERE ALSO RECORDED EIR72 1 37
AT VARIOUS OTHER PROTON ENERGIES ON AND OFF RESONANCES. EIR72 1 38
DETECTORS (SCINT) 10-CM DIA. BY 2.5-CM THICK PLASTIC SCINTILLATOR EIR72 1 39
MOUNTED ON XP1040 PHOTOMULTIPLIER. USED TO MEASURE EIR72 1 40
RESONANCE EXCITATION FUNCTION. EIR72 1 41
(GELI) 30-CM**3 GE(LI) DETECTOR. USED TO MEASURE GAMMA- EIR72 1 42
RAY SPECTRA AND ABSOLUTE STRENGTH OF 3.371-MEV EIR72 1 43
RESONANCE IN 32S(P,GAMMA)33CL. EIR72 1 44
MONITOR (CI) CURRENT INTEGRATOR. USED TO MEASURE ACCUMULATED EIR72 1 45
BEAM CHARGE DURING MEASUREMENT OF RESONANCE EXCITATION EIR72 1 46
FUNCTION. EIR72 1 47
CORRECTION A CORRECTION WAS NEEDED TO ACCOUNT FOR THE > 88% EIR72 1 48
DECAY BRANCH OF THE 810-KEV GAMMA RAY ASSOCIATED WITH EIR72 1 49
THE DECAY OF THE 3.371-MEV RESONANCE. EIR72 1 50
ERR-ANALYS UNCERTAINTIES ARE GIVEN IN EACH OF THE TABLES WHERE EIR72 1 51
DATA WERE FOUND, BUT NO EXPLANATIONS OF HOW THESE EIR72 1 52
ERROR ANALYSES WERE PERFORMED ARE GIVEN. EIR72 1 53
STATUS DATA PUBLISHED IN PHYSICAL REVIEW C. THIS SUPERSEDES EIR72 1 54
ALL EARLIER REPORTS FROM THIS LABORATORY. EIR72 1 55
ENDBIB 53 EIR72 1 56
ENDSUBENT 1 EIR72 199999
SUBENT EIR72 2 0 EIR72 2 1
BIB 2 9 EIR72 2 2
REACTION 32S(P,GAMMA)33CL EIR72 2 3
COMMENT DATA FROM TABLE I OF PAPER. RESONANCES IN THE REACTION EIR72 2 4
32S(P,GAMMA)33CL WERE IDENTIFIED. EP = RESONANCE EIR72 2 5
INCIDENT LAB. PROTON ENERGY. ERR-EP = ERROR IN EP. EX EIR72 2 6
= 33CL LEVEL EXCITATION ENERGY. ERR-EX = ERROR IN EX. EIR72 2 7
GAMMA = TOTAL WIDTH OF RESONANCE. NO ERROR IS GIVEN EIR72 2 8
FOR GAMMA. NOTE THAT VALUES GIVEN FOR GAMMA FOR THE EIR72 2 9
RESONANCES AT EP = 3.371, 4.045, 4.102, 5.282 AND EIR72 2 10
5.373 MEV ARE UPPER LIMITS. EIR72 2 11
ENDBIB 9 EIR72 2 12
DATA 5 16 EIR72 2 13
EP ERR-EP EX ERR-EX GAMMA EIR72 2 14
MEV KEV MEV KEV KEV EIR72 2 15
3.371 5. 5.550 7. 2. EIR72 2 16
3.525 9. 5.699 10. EIR72 2 17
3.716 9. 5.884 10. 15. EIR72 2 18
3.987 9. 6.147 10. 13. EIR72 2 19
4.045 6. 6.203 8. 10. EIR72 2 20
4.102 6. 6.259 8. 6. EIR72 2 21
4.158 9. 6.313 10. EIR72 2 22
4.489 9. 6.634 10. 33. EIR72 2 23
4.534 9. 6.678 10. EIR72 2 24
4.723 9. 6.861 10. EIR72 2 25
4.808 9. 6.943 10. EIR72 2 26
4.856 9. 6.990 10. EIR72 2 27
5.161 9. 7.286 10. 29. EIR72 2 28
5.226 9. 7.349 10. EIR72 2 29
5.282 6. 7.402 8. 2. EIR72 2 30
5.373 6. 7.491 8. 8. EIR72 2 31
ENDDATA 18 EIR72 2 32
ENDSUBENT 2 EIR72 299999
SUBENT EIR72 3 0 EIR72 3 1
BIB 2 9 EIR72 3 2
REACTION 32S(P,GAMMA)33CL EIR72 3 3
COMMENT DATA TAKEN FROM TABLE II OF THE PAPER. ENERGIES AND EIR72 3 4
ABSOLUTE RESONANCE STRENGTHS OF T = 3/2 STATES IN EIR72 3 5
33CL FROM THE 32S(P,GAMMA)33CL REACTION ARE GIVEN. EIR72 3 6
EP = RESONANCE LAB. INCIDENT PROTON ENERGY. ERR-EP = EIR72 3 7
ERROR IN EP. STRENG = ABSOLUTE RESONANCE STRENGTH AS EIR72 3 8
DEFINED IN THE PAPER. ERR-STRENG = ERROR IN STRENG. EIR72 3 9
NOTE THAT VALUE OF STRENG FOR EP = 4856 KEV IS AN EIR72 3 10
UPPER LIMIT. EIR72 3 11
ENDBIB 9 EIR72 3 12
DATA 4 3 EIR72 3 13
EP ERR-EP STRENG ERR-STRENG EIR72 3 14
KEV KEV EV EV EIR72 3 15
3371. 5. 0.76 0.18 EIR72 3 16
4856. 9. 0.29 EIR72 3 17
5282. 6. 1.50 0.37 EIR72 3 18
ENDDATA 5 EIR72 3 19
ENDSUBENT 3 EIR72 399999
SUBENT EIR72 4 0 EIR72 4 1
BIB 2 11 EIR72 4 2
REACTION 32S(P,GAMMA)33CL EIR72 4 3
COMMENT GAMMA-RAY WIDTHS FOR THE M1 DECAYS OF THE 1/2+,3/2 EIR72 4 4
LEVELS OF 33CL. VALUES FROM TABLE III OF PAPER. EI = EIR72 4 5
ENERGY OF INITIAL LEVEL OF GAMMA-RAY TRANSITION. EF = EIR72 4 6
ENERGY OF FINAL LEVEL OF GAMMA-RAY TRANSITION. BRANCH = EIR72 4 7
BRANCHING RATIO FOR THIS TRANSITION. NOTE THAT FOR THE EIR72 4 8
5.550 TO 0.810 TRANSITION BRANCH IS A LOWER BOUND WHILE EIR72 4 9
FOR THE 5.550 TO 0.0 TRANSITION BRANCH IS AN UPPER EIR72 4 10
BOUND. GAMMAM1 = M1 GAMMA-RAY WIDTH, ERR-GAMMAM1 = EIR72 4 11
ERROR IN GAMMAM1. GAMMAM1 FOR THE 5.550 TO 0.0 EIR72 4 12
TRANSITION IS AN UPPER BOUND. EIR72 4 13
ENDBIB 11 EIR72 4 14
DATA 5 2 EIR72 4 15
EI EF BRANCH GAMMAM1 ERR-GAMMAM1 EIR72 4 16
MEV MEV PERCENT EV EV EIR72 4 17
5.550 0.810 88. 0.34 0.09 EIR72 4 18
5.550 0. 12. 0.05 EIR72 4 19
ENDDATA 4 EIR72 4 20
ENDSUBENT 4 EIR72 499999
SUBENT EIR72 5 0 EIR72 5 1
BIB 2 9 EIR72 5 2
REACTION 32S(P,GAMMA)33CL EIR72 5 3
COMMENT M1 AND E2 STRENGTHS FOR DECAY TRANSITIONS ARE EIR72 5 4
OBTAINED FROM TABLE IV OF THE PAPER. EI = ENERGY OF EIR72 5 5
INITIAL LEVEL OF GAMMA-RAY TRANSITION. EF = ENERGY OF EIR72 5 6
FINAL LEVEL OF GAMMA-RAY TRANSITION. MULT = CHOICE(S) EIR72 5 7
FOR TRANSITION MULTIPOLARITY. STRNGM1 = M1 TRANSITION EIR72 5 8
STRENGTH. ERR-STRNGM1 = ERROR IN STRNGM1. NOTE THAT EIR72 5 9
VALUE OF STRNGM1 FOR 5.550 TO 0.0 TRANSITION IS AN EIR72 5 10
UPPER BOUND. EIR72 5 11
ENDBIB 9 EIR72 5 12
DATA 5 2 EIR72 5 13
EI EF STRNGM1 ERR-STRNGM1 EIR72 5 14
MEV MEV MULT W.U. W.U. EIR72 5 15
5.550 0.810 M1 0.15 0.04 EIR72 5 16
5.550 0. M1,E2 0.014 EIR72 5 17
ENDDATA 4 EIR72 5 18
ENDSUBENT 5 EIR72 599999
ENDENTRY 5 EIR729999999

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

I+92

ENTRY I+92 0 I+92 0 1
SUBENT I+92 1 0 I+92 1 1
BIB 13 41 I+92 1 2
INSTITUTE (USACAL) I+92 1 3
REFERENCE (J,NP/A,A539,97,1992) I+92 1 4
AUTHORS (C.ILIADIS,U.GIESEN,J.GORRES,M.WIESCHER,S.M.GRAFF, I+92 1 5
R.E.AZUMA,C.A.BARNES) I+92 1 6
TITLE DIRECT PROTON CAPTURE ON 32S I+92 1 7
FACILITY 3-MV PELLETRON TANDEM ACCELERATOR, KELLOGG RADIATION I+92 1 8
LABORATORY, CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, I+92 1 9
CALIFORNIA, U.S.A. I+92 1 10
INC-PART (P) PROTONS. I+92 1 11
TARGET 32S IONS IMPLANTED AT 80-KEV ONTO A 0.5 MM TA BACKING. I+92 1 12
USED SNICS SOURCE AT UNIVERSITY OF NOTRE DAME. I+92 1 13
TARGET THICKNESS APPROX. 5 KEV AT EP = 1760 KEV. I+92 1 14
RATIO OF SULPHUR TO TANTALUM ATOMS WAS 1.0+-0.2. I+92 1 15
TARGET WAS WATER COOLED AND VERY STABLE UNDER PROTON I+92 1 16
BOMBARDMENT. I+92 1 17
METHOD PROTON-ENERGY RANGE 0.4-2.0 MEV. BEAM CURRENTS UP TO I+92 1 18
65 MICROAMP. BEAM ENERGY RESOLUTION 2 KEV BASED ON I+92 1 19
MEASUREMENT WITH 27AL(P,GAMMA)28SI SHARP RESONANCE I+92 1 20
AT EP = 991.88 KEV. GAMMA-RAY YIELD MEASUREMENTS I+92 1 21
PERFORMED WITH A GE DETECTOR ON THE KNOWN RESONANCES I+92 1 22
AND ALSO OFF THE RESONANCES IN THE RANGE EP = 1.38-1.93 I+92 1 23
MEV TO SEARCH FOR DIRECT CAPTURE. NARROW RESONANCES I+92 1 24
WERE FOUND AT 5 PROTON ENERGIES. GAMMA-RAY YIELD AND I+92 1 25
ANGULAR DISTRIBUTION MEASUREMENTS PERFORMED AT THESE I+92 1 26
ENERGIES. ESTIMATED STRENGTH OF 77-KEV RESONANCE BY I+92 1 27
INDIRECT MEANS SINCE THE GAMMA-RAY YIELD WAS TOO LOW I+92 1 28
TO MEASURE FOR THIS RESONANCE. THICK-TARGET YIELD I+92 1 29
MEASUREMENTS ON THE WELL-KNOWN 32S(P,GAMMA)33CL I+92 1 30
RESONANCE AT 1757.2 KEV WERE USED TO NORMALIZE DATA. I+92 1 31
DETECTOR (GE) 35-PERCENT GE DETECTOR SHIELDED BY 5 CM OF LEAD. I+92 1 32
MONITOR (CI) CURRENT INTEGRATOR USED TO RECORD BEAM CHARGE. I+92 1 33
SUPPRESSOR RING WITH NEGATIVE BIAS ELIMINATED SECONDARY I+92 1 34
ELECTRON EMISSION EFFECTS. I+92 1 35
CORRECTION ENERGIES OF GAMMA-RAY TRANSITIONS CORRECTED FOR DOPPLER I+92 1 36
SHIFTS. GAMMA-RAY SPECTRA ON THE RESONANCES WERE I+92 1 37
CORRECTED FOR NON-RESONANT CONTRIBUTIONS. I+92 1 38
ERR-ANALYS RESONANCE STRENGTH ERROR SOURCES: EFFECTIVE STOPPING I+92 1 39
POWER (18 PERC), GAMMA RAY EFFICIENCY (6 PERC), I+92 1 40
CHARGE MEASUREMENTS (10 PERC), STANDARD ERROR AND ERROR I+92 1 41
IN NUMBERS OF TARGET NUCLEI WERE NOT GIVEN EXPLICITLY. I+92 1 42
STATUS RESULTS PUBLISHED IN NUCLEAR PHYSICS A. I+92 1 43
ENDBIB 41 I+92 1 44
ENDSUBENT 1 I+92 199999
SUBENT I+92 2 0 I+92 2 1
BIB 2 5 I+92 2 2
REACTION 32S(P,GAMMA)33CL I+92 2 3
COMMENT RESONANCE ENERGIES AND STRENGTHS FROM TABLE 1 OF PAPER. I+92 2 4
ER = RESONANCE ENERGY, ERR-ER = ERROR IN ER. OMEGGAM = I+92 2 5
ABSOLUTE RESONANCE STRENGTH AS DEFINED IN TABLE 1 OF THE I+92 2 6
PAPER. ERR-OMEGGAM = ERROR IN OMEGGAM. I+92 2 7
ENDBIB 5 I+92 2 8
DATA 4 6 I+92 2 9
ER ERR-ER OMEGGAM ERR-OMEGGAM I+92 2 10
KEV KEV EV EV I+92 2 11
77.3 0.8 3.5000E-17 I+92 2 12
424. 2. 3.7000E-05 0.8000E-05 I+92 2 13
589. 1. 1.3000E-01 0.3000E-01 I+92 2 14
1589. 1. 2.7000E-02 0.6000E-02 I+92 2 15
1749. 1. 4.5000E-02 0.9000E-02 I+92 2 16
1899. 2. 8.9000E-02 4.0000E-02 I+92 2 17
ENDDATA 8 I+92 2 18
ENDSUBENT 2 I+92 299999
SUBENT I+92 3 I+92 3 1
BIB 2 8 I+92 3 2
REACTION 32S(P,GAMMA)33CL I+92 3 3
COMMENT GAMMA-RAY BRANCHING IN THE DECAY OF RESONANT STATES I+92 3 4
IN 33CL. ER = RESONANCE (INCIDENT PROTON) ENERGY, EXI = I+92 3 5
EXCITATION ENERGY OF INITIAL LEVEL IN 33CL FOR GAMMA-RAY I+92 3 6
TRANSITION. EXF = EXCITATION ENERGY OF FINAL LEVEL IN I+92 3 7
33CL FOR GAMMA-RAY TRANSITION. BRANCH = BRANCHING I+92 3 8
FACTOR. ERR-BRANCH = ERROR IN BRANCH. DATA FROM TABLE I+92 3 9
2 OF PAPER. I+92 3 10
ENDBIB 8 I+92 3 11
DATA 5 20 I+92 3 12
ER EXI EXF BRANCH ERR-BRANCH I+92 3 13
KEV KEV KEV PERCENT PERCENT I+92 3 14
422. 2685. 0. 34. 6. I+92 3 15
422. 2685. 1986. 66. 11. I+92 3 16
588. 2846. 0. 45. 3. I+92 3 17
588. 2846. 811. 55. 4. I+92 3 18
1588. 3816. 0. 16. 3. I+92 3 19
1588. 3816. 811. 2.0 0.7 I+92 3 20
1588. 3816. 1986. 24. 4. I+92 3 21
1588. 3816. 2352. 40. 7. I+92 3 22
1588. 3816. 2839. 18. 2. I+92 3 23
1748. 3972. 0. 26. 6. I+92 3 24
1748. 3972. 811. 39. 8. I+92 3 25
1748. 3972. 1986. 15. 3. I+92 3 26
1748. 3972. 2352. 9. 3. I+92 3 27
1748. 3972. 2839. 11. 3. I+92 3 28
1757. 3980. 0. 88. 13. I+92 3 29
1757. 3980. 1986. 5.0 0.8 I+92 3 30
1757. 3980. 2685. 2.3 0.5 I+92 3 31
1757. 3980. 2846. 4.7 0.8 I+92 3 32
1898. 4117. O. 26. 8. I+92 3 33
1898. 4117. 811. 74. 10. I+92 3 34
ENDDATA 22 I+92 3 35
ENDSUBENT 3 I+92 399999
SUBENT I+92 4 I+92 4 1
BIB 2 11 I+92 4 2
REACTION 32S(P,GAMMA)33CL I+92 4 3
COMMENT SINGLE-PARTICLE SPECTROSCOPIC FACTORS FOR EXCITED I+92 4 4
STATES IN 33CL. EX = 33CL EXCITATION ENERGY. JPI = I+92 4 5
SPIN/PARITY. POSITIVE VALUES IMPLY POSITIVE PARITY. I+92 4 6
NEGATIVE VALUES IMPLY NEGATIVE PARITY. IF MORE THAN I+92 4 7
ONE VALUE IS GIVEN, THIS INDICATES UNCERTAINTY OVER THE I+92 4 8
ASSIGNMENT. NL(J) = SINGLE-PARTICLE STATE OF CAPTURED I+92 4 9
PROTON. C2S = SINGLE-PARTICLE SPECTROSCOPIC FACTOR I+92 4 10
AS DEFINED IN THIS PAPER. ERR-C2S = ERROR IN C2S. I+92 4 11
DATA OBTAINED FROM TABLE 3 OF PAPER. C2S VALUES FOR I+92 4 12
EX = 1986, 2352, 2685 AND 2839 KEV ARE UPPER BOUNDS. I+92 4 13
ENDBIB 11 I+92 4 14
DATA 5 7 I+92 4 15
EX JPI C2S ERR-C2S I+92 4 16
KEV NO-DIM NL(J) NO-DIM NO-DIM I+92 4 17
0. 1.5 1D(3/2) 0.84 0.21 I+92 4 18
811. 0.5 2S(1/2) 0.28 0.05 I+92 4 19
1986. 2.5 1D(5/2) 0.26 I+92 4 20
2352. 1.5 1D(3/2) 0.66 I+92 4 21
2685. -2.5,-3.5 1F(7/2) 3.8 I+92 4 22
2839. 2.5 1D(5/2) 0.47 I+92 4 23
2846. -1.5 2P(3/2) 0.77 0.13 I+92 4 24
ENDDATA 9 I+92 4 25
ENDSUBENT 4 I+92 499999
SUBENT I+92 5 I+92 5 1
BIB 2 13 I+92 5 2
REACTION 32S(P,GAMMA)33CL I+92 5 3
COMMENT TEMPERATURE DEPENDENT STELLAR REACTION RATES FOR I+92 5 4
32S(P,GAMMA)33CL. VALUES OBTAINED FROM TABLE 4 OF I+92 5 5
PAPER. REACTION RATES (RR) ARE DEFINED IN THE PAPER. I+92 5 6
T9 = STELLAR TEMPERATURE IN 10*9 DEG. KELVIN (10**9K). I+92 5 7
RR(422) = REACTION RATE BASED ONLY ON KNOWN RESONANCES I+92 5 8
WITH ENERGIES GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO 422 KEV (INCIDENT I+92 5 9
PROTONS). RR(77) = REACTION RATE CONTRIBUTION OBTAINED I+92 5 10
SOLELY FROM THE 77-KEV RESONANCE (INCIDENT PROTON I+92 5 11
ENERGY). RR(DC) = REACTION RATE SOLELY DUE TO DIRECT I+92 5 12
CAPTURE PROCESS. RR(TOTAL) = TOTAL REACTION RATE BASED I+92 5 13
ON ALL KNOWN PROCESSES. RR = NA<SIG*V> AS INDICATED IN I+92 5 14
THE TABLE. REACTION RATES IN CM**3/MOL/SEC (CM3/MOL/S). I+92 5 15
ENDBIB 13 I+92 5 16
DATA 5 10 I+92 5 17
T9 RR(422) RR(77) RR(DC) RR(TOTAL) I+92 5 18
10**9K CM3/MOL/S CM3/MOL/S CM3/MOL/S CM3/MOL/S I+92 5 19
0.05 3.1600E-39 1.3900E-17 5.2100E-22 1.3900E-17 I+92 5 20
0.08 4.5100E-24 4.7000E-15 1.3800E-17 4.7100E-15 I+92 5 21
0.1 4.5900E-19 2.9600E-14 1.0100E-15 3.0600E-14 I+92 5 22
0.14 2.1700E-13 2.1500E-13 3.5600E-13 7.8800E-13 I+92 5 23
0.2 4.8000E-09 8.1300E-13 8.8100E-11 4.8800E-09 I+92 5 24
0.3 5.2900E-05 1.8900E-12 2.1000E-08 5.2900E-05 I+92 5 25
0.5 1.4700E-01 2.8000E-12 7.2600E-06 1.4700E-01 I+92 5 26
0.8 1.0100E+01 2.6600E-12 6.2300E-04 1.0100E+01 I+92 5 27
1.0 3.7600E+01 2.3600E-12 3.8500E-03 3.7600E+01 I+92 5 28
2.0 3.6000E+02 1.2900E-12 3.6000E+02 I+92 5 29
ENDDATA 12 I+92 5 30
ENDSUBENT 5 I+92 599999
ENDENTRY 5 I+929999999

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

KRA75

ENTRY KRA75 0 KRA75 0 1
SUBENT KRA75 1 0 KRA75 1 1
BIB 12 41 KRA75 1 2
INSTITUTE (SFHLS) KRA75 1 3
REFERENCE (J,PS,12,280,1975) KRA75 1 4
AUTHORS (J.KEINONEN,M.RIIHONEN AND A.ANTTILA) KRA75 1 5
TITLE STRENGTHS OF ANALOGUE RESONANCES IN (P,GAMMA) KRA75 1 6
REACTIONS ON SULPHUR ISOTOPES KRA75 1 7
FACILITY (VDG) 2.5-MV VAN DE GRAAFF ACCELERATOR, DEPARTMENT OF KRA75 1 8
PHYSICS, UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI, HELSINKI, FINLAND. KRA75 1 9
INC-PART (P) PROTONS. KRA75 1 10
TARGET 150 MICROGRAM/CM**3 NATURAL ZNS TARGET MADE BY VACUUM KRA75 1 11
EVAPORATION ONTO TANTALUM BACKING. THIS MATERIAL WAS KRA75 1 12
CHOSEN BECAUSE IT DOES NOT DISSOCIATE DURING KRA75 1 13
EVAPORATION AND THEREFORE REDUCES UNCERTAINTY IN KRA75 1 14
TARGET STOICHIOMETRY. TARGETS OF ZNS EVAPORATED ONTO KRA75 1 15
CARBON WERE ALSO PREPARED UNDER THE SAME CONDITIONS. KRA75 1 16
THIS ALLOWED THE RATIO OF ZN TO S TO BE DETERMINED BY KRA75 1 17
THE METHOD OF ALPHA-PARTICLE BACKSCATTERING. KRA75 1 18
PROTON BEAM CURRENTS WERE KEPT BELOW 5 MICROAMPERES KRA75 1 19
IN ORDER TO AVOID DETERIORATION OF THE TARGET. KRA75 1 20
METHOD THE ABSOLUTE STRENGTH OF THE EP = 588 KEV RESONANCE KRA75 1 21
IN THE 32S(P,GAMMA)33CL REACTION WAS DETERMINED BY KRA75 1 22
OBSERVING THE STEP IN THE THICK-TARGET YIELD CURVE. KRA75 1 23
OBSERVED THE GAMMA-RAYS CORRESPONDING TO THE 2846- TO KRA75 1 24
810-KEV TRANSITION WHICH DE-EXCITE THIS RESONANT KRA75 1 25
STATE IN 33CL. THESE GAMMA-RAYS WERE MEASURED WITH KRA75 1 26
A LARGE GE(LI) DETECTOR AT 55 DEG. THE ABSOLUTE KRA75 1 27
RESONANCE STRENGTH WAS DEDUCED FROM GAMMA-RAY YIELD KRA75 1 28
DATA USING KNOWLEDGE OF THE TARGET ELEMENTAL SULPHUR KRA75 1 29
CONTENT, THE PROTON STOPPING POWER FOR THE ZNS KRA75 1 30
TARGET, THE INTEGRATED PROTON CHARGE AND THE DETECTOR KRA75 1 31
EFFICIENCY. THE METHOD WAS CHECKED BY ALSO MEASURING KRA75 1 32
THE ABSOLUTE STRENGTH OF THE WELL-KNOWN RESONANCE AT KRA75 1 33
EP = 633 KEV IN 27AL(P,GAMMA)28SI. KRA75 1 34
DETECTOR (GELI) 120 CM**3 GE(LI) DETECTOR PLACED AT 55 DEG. KRA75 1 35
TO INCIDENT PROTON BEAM. DETECTOR WAS CALIBRATED KRA75 1 36
USING 22NA, 60CO, 88Y AND 137CS GAMMA-RAY SOURCES. KRA75 1 37
MONITOR (CI) CURRENT INTEGRATOR. KRA75 1 38
ERR-ANALYS 2 PERCENT UNCERTAINTY IN STOPPING POWER OF ZN AND KRA75 1 39
15 PERCENT UNCERTAINTY IN STOPPING POWER OF S LEAD KRA75 1 40
TO AN OVERALL UNCERTAINTY OF 5 PERCENT IN ZNS. KRA75 1 41
NO EXPLICIT MENTION IN PAPER OF OTHER ERROR SOURCES. KRA75 1 42
STATUS RESULTS PUBLISHED IN PHYSICA SCRIPTA. KRA75 1 43
ENDBIB 41 KRA75 1 44
ENDSUBENT 1 KRA75 199999
SUBENT KRA75 2 0 KRA75 2 1
BIB 2 9 KRA75 2 2
REACTION 32S(P,GAMMA)33CL KRA75 2 3
COMMENT ABSOLUTE RESONANCE STRENGTH IS GIVEN IN TABLE I OF KRA75 2 4
THE PAPER. EP = RESONANCE INCIDENT PROTON ENERGY. KRA75 2 5
EI = INITIAL STATE FOR GAMMA-RAY TRANSITION THAT KRA75 2 6
DE-EXCITES THE RESONANCE. EF = FINAL STATE FOR KRA75 2 7
GAMMA-RAY TRANSITION THAT DE-EXCITES THE RESONANCE. KRA75 2 8
BRANCH = GAMMA-RAY TRANSITION BRANCHING RATIO KRA75 2 9
STRENG = ABSOLUTE RESONANCE STRENGTH. ERR-STRENG = KRA75 2 10
ERROR IN STRENG. KRA75 2 11
ENDBIB 9 KRA75 2 12
DATA 6 1 KRA75 2 13
EP EI EF BRANCH STRENG ERR-STRENG KRA75 2 14
KEV KEV KEV PERCENT EV EV KRA75 2 15
588. 2846. 810. 55. 0.20 0.04 KRA75 2 16
ENDDATA 3 KRA75 2 17
ENDSUBENT 2 KRA75 299999
ENDENTRY 2 KRA759999999

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

K+85

ENTRY K+85 0 K+85 0 1
SUBENT K+85 1 0 K+85 1 1
BIB 12 32 K+85 1 2
INSTITUTE (HUNDEB) K+85 1 3
REFERENCE (J,JRC,89,1,123,1985) K+85 1 4
AUTHORS (A.Z.KISS,E.KOLTAY,B.NYAKO,E.SOMORJAI,A.ANTTILA, K+85 1 5
J.RAISANEN) K+85 1 6
TITLE MEASUREMENTS OF RELATIVE THICK TARGET YIELDS FOR K+85 1 7
PIGE ANALYSIS ON LIGHT ELEMENTS IN THE PROTON K+85 1 8
ENERGY INTERVAL 2.4-4.2 MEV K+85 1 9
FACILITY (VDG) 5-MV VAN DE GRAAFF ACCELERATOR, INSTITUTE OF K+85 1 10
NUCLEAR RESEARCH, HUNGARIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, K+85 1 11
DEBRECEN, HUNGARY. K+85 1 12
INC-PART (P) PROTONS. K+85 1 13
TARGETS VARIOUS CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS. FABRICATED BY PRESSING INTO K+85 1 14
PELLETS. NO OTHER DETAILS ARE GIVEN. K+85 1 15
METHOD RELATIVE THICK TARGET YIELD DETERMINED. MEASURED WITH K+85 1 16
AN INCIDENT PROTON BEAM FROM A 5-MV VAN DE GRAAFF K+85 1 17
ACCELERATOR. INTENSITY OF THE BEAM WAS ADJUSTED SO K+85 1 18
THAT THE DEAD TIME WOULD BE CONSTANT FOR THE DIFFERENT K+85 1 19
TARGETS THAT WERE USED. THE BEAM PASSED THROUGH A 50- K+85 1 20
CM-LONG LIQUID-NITROGEN TRAP BEFORE IMPINGING ON TARGET K+85 1 21
PLACED AT AN ANGLE OF 45 DEG. GAMMA-RAY SPECTRA MEASURED K+85 1 22
WITH A GE(LI) DETECTOR. SPECTRAL DATA WERE RECORDED K+85 1 23
WITH A 4K CHANNEL ANALYZER AND THEN TRANSFERRED TO A K+85 1 24
PDP/I-16K COMPUTER. DATA NORMALIZED TO RESULTS FROM K+85 1 25
AN EARLIER EXPERIMENT IN THIS LABORATORY. USED PUBLISHED K+85 1 26
STOPPING POWER VALUES IN THE ANALYSIS. K+85 1 27
DETECTOR (GELI) 25 CM**3 GE(LI) DETECTOR SITUATED AT K+85 1 28
AN ANGLE OF 55 DEG. AND A TARGET-TO-DETECTOR K+85 1 29
DISTANCE OF 10 CM. K+85 1 30
CORRECTION DATA CORRECTED FOR DETECTOR DEAD TIME. K+85 1 31
ERR-ANALYS NO ERRORS ARE DISCUSSED IN THE PAPER. K+85 1 32
STATUS RESULTS PUBLISHED IN J. OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR K+85 1 33
CHEMISTRY. K+85 1 34
ENDBIB 32 K+85 1 35
ENDSUBENT 1 K+85 199999
SUBENT K+85 2 0 K+85 2 1
BIB 2 6 K+85 2 2
REACTION 32S(P,GAMMA)33CL K+85 2 3
COMMENT GAMMA-RAY YIELDS ARE GIVEN IN TABLE 1 OF THE PAPER. K+85 2 4
EGAMMA = OBSERVED GAMMA-RAY. EP = PROTON ENERGY. K+85 2 5
NGMCSR = YIELD OF GAMMA RAYS PER MICROCOULOMB PER K+85 2 6
STERADIAN (1/MC/SR). THIS IS A RELATIVE UNIT TO COMPARE K+85 2 7
THE YIELDS FOR VARIOUS ENERGIES, TARGETS AND REACTIONS. K+85 2 8
ENDBIB 6 K+85 2 9
DATA 3 2 K+85 2 10
EGAMMA EP NGMCSR K+85 2 11
KEV MEV 1/MC/SR K+85 2 12
811. 2.4 45. K+85 2 13
811. 3.1 120. K+85 2 14
ENDDATA 4 K+85 2 15
ENDSUBENT 2 K+85 299999
SUBENT K+85 3 K+85 3 1
BIB 2 6 K+85 3 2
REACTION 32S(P,P'GAMMA)32S K+85 3 3
COMMENT GAMMA-RAY YIELDS ARE GIVEN IN TABLE 1 OF THE PAPER. K+85 3 4
EGAMMA = OBSERVED GAMMA-RAY. EP = PROTON ENERGY. K+85 3 5
NGMCSR = YIELD OF GAMMA RAYS PER MICROCOULOMB PER K+85 3 6
STERADIAN (1/MC/SR). THIS IS A RELATIVE UNIT TO COMPARE K+85 3 7
THE YIELDS FOR VARIOUS ENERGIES, TARGETS AND REACTIONS. K+85 3 8
ENDBIB 6 K+85 3 9
DATA 3 3 K+85 3 10
EGAMMA EP NGMCSR K+85 2 11
KEV MEV 1/MC/SR K+85 2 12
2230. 3.1 5300. K+85 3 13
2230. 3.8 150000. K+85 3 14
2230. 4.2 890000. K+85 3 15
ENDDATA 5 K+85 3 16
ENDSUBENT 3 K+85 399999
ENDENTRY 3 K+859999999

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

RWK87

ENTRY RWK87 0 RWK87 0 1
SUBENT RWK87 1 0 RWK87 1 1
BIB 11 20 RWK87 1 2
INSTITUTE (SFHLS) RWK87 1 3
REFERENCE (J,NIMB,B28,199,1987) RWK87 1 4
AUTHORS (J.RAISANEN,T.WITTING,J.KEINONEN) RWK87 1 5
TITLE ABSOLUTE THICK-TARGET GAMMA RAY YIELDS FOR ELEMENTAL RWK87 1 6
ANALYSIS BY 7 AND 9 MEV PROTONS RWK87 1 7
FACILITY 5-MV TANDEM ACCELERATOR, ACCELERATOR LABORATORY, RWK87 1 8
UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI, HELSINKI, FINLAND. RWK87 1 9
INC-PART (P) PROTONS. RWK87 1 10
TARGET PBS IN THE FORM OF 1-MM THICK BY 6-MM DIA. PELLETS. RWK87 1 11
METHOD PROTON BEAM DIRECTED ON TARGETS. GE(LI) DETECTOR WAS RWK87 1 12
LOCATED 27 CM DISTANT FROM TARGET AT 55 DEG. NEUTRONS RWK87 1 13
WERE MEASURED WITH A BF3 COUNTER LOCATED 30 CM FROM RWK87 1 14
THE TARGET. MEASURED ACCUMULATED PROTON CHARGE. RWK87 1 15
DETECTORS (GELI) 80 CM**3 GE(LI) GAMMA-RAY DETECTOR. RWK87 1 16
CALIBRATED USING 60CO, 56CO AND 152EU GAMMA-RAY RWK87 1 17
SOURCES. EFFICIENCY 18 PERCENT FOR 1.3-MEV GAMMA RAY. RWK87 1 18
(PROPC) BF3 NEUTRON DETECTOR. RWK87 1 19
MONITOR (CI) CURRENT INTEGRATOR. SUPPRESSOR USED TO ELIMINATE RWK87 1 20
CURRENT LOSSES DUE TO SECONDARY ELECTRON EMISSION. RWK87 1 21
STATUS PUBLISHED IN NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS B. RWK87 1 22
ENDBIB 20 RWK87 1 23
ENDSUBENT 1 RWK87 199999
SUBENT RWK87 2 0 RWK87 2 1
BIB 2 6 RWK87 2 2
REACTION 32S(P,P')32S RWK87 2 3
COMMENT ABSOLUTE GAMMA RAY YIELD IS GIVEN. UNITS ARE GAMMA RWK87 2 4
RAYS PER MICROCOULOMB PER STERADIAN (1/MC/SR). EGAMMA RWK87 2 5
= GAMMA-RAY ENERGY, EP = INCIDENT PROTON ENERGY. RWK87 2 6
NGMCSR = NUMBER OF GAMMA RAYS PER MICROCOULOMB PER RWK87 2 7
STERADIAN. RWK87 2 8
ENDBIB 6 RWK87 2 9
DATA 3 4 RWK87 2 10
EGAMMA EP NGMCSR RWK87 2 11
KEV MEV 1/MC/SR RWK87 2 12
2230. 7. 6.1700E+07 RWK87 2 13
2230. 9. 1.4800E+08 RWK87 2 14
4282. 7. 5.9900E+06 RWK87 2 15
4282. 9. 3.6600E+07 RWK87 2 16
ENDDATA 6 RWK87 2 17
ENDSUBENT 2 RWK87 299999
ENDENTRY 2 RWK879999999

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

S83

ENTRY S83 0 S83 0 1
SUBENT S83 1 0 S83 1 1
BIB 7 16 S83 1 2
INSTITUTE (AULAML) S83 1 3
REFERENCE (J,AUJ,36,583,1983) S83 1 4
AUTHOR (D.G.SARGOOD) S83 1 5
TITLE EFFECTS OF EXCITED STATES ON THERMONUCLEAR REACTION S83 1 6
RATES S83 1 7
METHOD THIS PAPER IS A COMPILATION OF CALCULATED VALUES FOR S83 1 8
THE RATIO OF THERMONUCLEAR REACTION RATES WITH TARGET S83 1 9
NUCLEI IN A THERMAL DISTRIBUTION OF ENERGY STATES TO S83 1 10
REACTION RATES WITH ALL TARGET NUCLEI IN THEIR GROUND S83 1 11
STATES. USE IS MADE OF THE STATISTICAL MODEL IN THESE S83 1 12
CALCULATIONS. NO EXPERIMENTAL DATA WERE ACQUIRED IN THIS S83 1 13
WORK. ONLY RESULTS FOR 32S(P,GAMMA)33CL ARE GIVEN HERE. S83 1 14
COMMENT THE CALCULATIONS REPORTED IN THIS ARTICLE INVOLVE A S83 1 15
NUMBER OF REACTIONS WITH NEUTRONS, PROTONS, AND ALPHA S83 1 16
PARTICLES IN BOTH THE INCIDENT AND EXIT CHANNELS. S83 1 17
STATUS PUBLISHED IN AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS S83 1 18
ENDBIB 16 S83 1 19
ENDSUBENT 1 S83 199999
SUBENT S83 2 0 S83 2 1
BIB 2 10 S83 2 2
REACTION 32S(P,GAMMA)33CL S83 2 3
COMMENT THE FOLLOWING VALUES ARE TAKEN FROM TABLES 1-4 OF THE S83 2 4
PAPER. RATIOS OF THERMONUCLEAR REACTION RATES FOR FOUR S83 2 5
DIFFERENT STELLAR TEMPERATURES ARE INCLUDED. T9 = S83 2 6
STELLAR TEMPERATURE IN UNITS OF 10**9 DEG. KELVIN S83 2 7
(10**9K). RATIO = RATIO OF REACTION RATE WITH TARGET S83 2 8
NUCLEI OCCUPYING A STATISTICAL DISTRIBUTION OF EXCITED S83 2 9
STATES AT THE GIVEN TEMPERATURE TO THE SAME REACTION S83 2 10
RATE CALCULATED ASSUMING ALL TARGET NUCLEI ARE IN THE S83 2 11
GROUND STATE. S83 2 12
ENDBIB 10 S83 2 13
DATA 2 4 S83 2 14
T9 RATIO S83 2 15
10**9K NO-DIM S83 2 16
1. 1.00 S83 2 17
2. 1.00 S83 2 18
3.5 0.996 S83 2 19
5. 0.980 S83 2 20
ENDDATA 6 S83 2 21
ENDSUBENT 2 S83 299999
ENDENTRY 2 S839999999

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Appendix B: Unused References from NSR

The individual references which were identified in our survey of Nuclear Science References (NSR), but were not found and used in the present compilation, are listed below for the convenience of readers of this report who might wish to try and locate and consider them. The entries appearing here are in exactly the same format in which there were extracted from NSR.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

70EsZV
CONF Madurai(Nucl,Solid State Phys),Vol2,P37

<KEYWORDS>NUCLEAR REACTIONS 32S(p,gamma),E=3.37 MeV; measured
sigma(E;E gamma). 33Cl deduced resonance,level-width,lowest T=3/2
state.

71AlZN
THESIS Univ Kansas,L A Alexander,DABBB 32B 2334,11/24/71

<KEYWORDS>NUCLEAR REACTIONS 32S(p,gamma),E=1755-2917 keV; measured Q,
sigma(E;E gamma),gamma-gamma(theta),Doppler shift attenuation,
triple correlations. 33Cl deduced resonances,levels,J,pi,T-1/2,
gamma-multipolarity.

71BiZQ
REPT 1970/1971 Annual,Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro(Padova),P14,M Bi

<KEYWORDS>NUCLEAR REACTIONS 32S(p,gamma),E=1.905 MeV; measured DSA.
33Cl level deduced T-1/2.

71EsZS
REPT BARC-553,P1,3/21/72

<KEYWORDS>NUCLEAR REACTIONS 32S(p,gamma),E=2.4-3.4 MeV; measured
sigma(E;E gamma). 33Cl deduced resonance,level-width,
gamma-branching.

71EsZT
REPT INDC(SEC)-18/L,P42,12/30/71

<KEYWORDS>NUCLEAR REACTIONS 32S(p,gamma),E=2-4 MeV; measured
sigma(E;E gamma). 33Cl deduced isobaric analog resonance,
level-width,gamma-branching.
72Bi19
Nuovo Cim. 12A, 215 (1972)
M.Bini, P.G.Bizzeti, A.M.Bizzeti-Sona
M1 Transitions in the Isospin Doublet A = 33

<KEYWORDS>NUCLEAR REACTIONS 32S(p,gamma),E not given; measured DSA.
33Cl level deduced T-1/2.

72EsZS
REPT BARC-614,P1

<KEYWORDS>NUCLEAR REACTIONS 32S(p,gamma); measured sigma.

72EsZU
REPT INDC(SEC)-28/L,P72,11/29/72

<KEYWORDS>NUCLEAR REACTIONS 32S(p,gamma),E=3.36-5.41 MeV; measured

sigma(E). 33Cl deduced resonances,isobaric analogs.

74Ab06
Lett.Nuovo Cim. 11, 481 (1974)
U.Abbondanno, G.Pioani, P.Blasi
Gamma-Decay of the Lowest T = 3/2-State of 33Cl

<KEYWORDS>NUCLEAR REACTIONS 32S(p,gamma),E=5.5 MeV; measured E gamma,
I gamma. 33Cl deduced level,J,pi,level-width,M1 strength.

74InZT
CONF Vienna(Charged-Particle-Induced Rad Capture),Proc P71

<KEYWORDS>NUCLEAR REACTIONS 20,22Ne,24,26Mg,28,30Si,32,34,36S,36,
40Ar(p,gamma); measured sigma(E,E gamma,theta). 21,23Na,25,27Al,29,
31P,33,35,37Cl,37,41K deduced levels,J,pi. Review paper.}}}}}}