References for Interpretation of Wipe Samples, Surface Contamination, and Resuspension

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American National Standards Institute (ANSI). Draft American National Standard. Control of Radioactive Surface Contamination on Materials, Equipment, and Facilities to be Released for Uncontrolled Use. ANSI N13.12-1978. New York: American National Standards Institute; 1978.

Anspaugh,L.R. Appendix A. Resuspension Element Status Report: The Use of NTS Data and Experience to Predict Air Concentrations of Plutonium Due to Resuspension on the Enewetak Atoll. Lawrence Livermore Laboratory, California; Bio-Medical Division; 1974.

Anspaugh,L.R. Resuspension and Redistribution of Plutonium in Soils. Health Phys. 29(4):571-582; 1975.

Bailey,J.C.; Rohr,R.C. Air-Borne Contamination Resulting From Transferable Contamination On Surfaces. K-1088. Oak Ridge, Tennessee: Union Carbide Nuclear Company, Oak Ridge Gaseous Diffusion Plant; 1953.

Bailey,J.C.; Becher,A.F.; Henry,H.F. The Intake Of Radioactive Materials As Related To Clothing Contamination. p. 188 Proceedings of the Health Physics Society First Annual Meeting; Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan; 1956.

Bailey,J.C. Personnel Contamination As A Uranium Hazard. pp. 157-161 in: Lough,S.A., ed. Symposium on Occupational Health Experience and Practices in the Uranium Industry; New York: U.S. Atomic Energy Commission; 1958.

Becher,A.F. The Development of Surface Alpha Contamination Limits. pp. 151-156 in: Lough,S.A., ed. Symposium on Occupational Health Experience and Practices in the Uranium Industry; New York: U.S. Atomic Energy Commission; 1958.

Blatz,H.; Eisenbud,M. The Establishment of Limits for Radioactive Surface Contamination. Chapter NA, pp. 163-167 in: Fish,B.R., ed. Surface Contamination; First ed.; Oxford, New York: Pergamon Press Ltd.; 1967.

Breslin,A.J.; George,A.C.; LeClare,P.C.; Glauberman,H. The Contribution of Uranium Surface Contamination to Inhalation Exposures. pp. 1-16 HASL-175 CONF-660403-3; New York: U.S. Atomic Energy Commission; 1966.

Brodsky,A. Resuspension Factors and Probabilities of Intake of Material in Process (Or "Is 10-6 a Magic Number in Health Physics?"). Health Phys. 39(6):992-1000; 1980.

Brodsky,A. Occupational Exposure Measurements in NRC Regulatory Guides. Proceedings of a Seminar on Traceability for Ionizing Radiation Measurements. Held 05-08-1980. Washington, DC: U.S. National Bureau of Standards; 1980.

Brodsky,A.; Gallaghar,R.G. Statistical Considerations in Practical Contamination Monitoring. Radiation Protection Management 8(4):64-78; 1991.

Brunskill,R.T. The Use of Personal Air Samplers In the Measurement of Resuspension Factors. pp. 24-24 Vol. Paper No. 26; Held 04-18-1966. Risley, Warrington, Lance, United Kingdom: United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority; 1966.

Brunskill,R.T. The Relationship Between Surface and Airborne Contamination. Chapter NA, pp. 93-104 in: Fish,B.R., ed. Surface Contamination; First ed.; Oxford, New York: Pergamon Press Ltd.; 1967.

Burgess,P.H.; Belton,I.; Rawlings,D.; Walker,A. An IPSM Sponsored Intercomparison of Surface Contamination Monitoring Test Results. Journal of Radiological Protection 18(4):287-292; 1998.

Caplan,K.J. The Significance of Wipe Samples. American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal 53(2):70-75; 1993.

Daily,M.C.; Huffert,A.; Cardile,F.; Malaro,J.C. Working Draft Regulatory Guide on Release Criteria for Decommissioning: NRC Staff's Draft for Comment. NUREG-1500. Washington, DC: U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission; 1994.

Dunster,H.J. The Derivation of Maximum Permissible Levels of Contamination of Surfaces by Radioactive Materials. A.E.R.E. HP/R. 1495. Harwell, England: U.K. Atomic Energy Research Establishment; 1954.

Dunster,H.J. Maximum Permissible Levels of Skin Contamination. AHSB(RP) R 28. Harwell, Didcot, Berkshire: United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority; 1962.

Dunster,H.J. Surface Contamination Measurements as an Index of Control of Radioactive Materials. Health Phys. 8:353-356; 1962.

Dunster,H.J. The Concept of Derived Working Limits for Surface Contamination. Chapter NA, pp. 139-147 in: Fish,B.R., ed. Surface Contamination; First ed.; Oxford, New York: Pergamon Press Ltd; 1967.

Dunster,H.J. The Application and Interpretation of ICRP Recommendations in the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority (June 1967). AHSB(RP) R 78. Harwell, Didcot, Berkshire: United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority; 1967.

Dunster,H.J. Basis of the ICRP Maximum Permissible Doses and Application of Basic Safety Standards. pp. 3-13 Radiation Protection Monitoring. Proceedings of a Regional Seminar for Asia and the Far East on Radiation Protection Monitoring. Held in Bombay. Held 12-09-1968. Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency; 1969.

Englemann,R.J.; Sehmel,G.A. Atmosphere-Surface Exchange of Particulate and Gaseous Pollutants (1974). Proceedings of a Symposium held in Richland, Washington, 4-6 Sept. 1974. CONF-740921. Springfield, Virginia: National Technical Information Service; 1976.

Fish,B.R.; Walker,R.L.; Royster,G.W.; Thompson,J.L. Redispersion of Settled Particulates. Chapter NA, pp. 75-80 in: Fish,B.R., ed. Surface Contamination; First ed.; Oxford, New York: Pergamon Press Ltd.; 1967.

Garland,J.A. Resuspension of Particulate Material From Grass. Experimental Programme 1979-1980. AERE-R10106. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office; 1982.

Garland,J.A. Some Recent Studies of the Resuspension of Deposited Material From Soil and Grass. Harwell, Oxon, England: Atomic Energy Research Establishment; 1982.

Gaul,W.C. The Use of Surface Contamination Limits in Building Demolition. Columbia, South Carolina: RUST Federal Services; 1994.

Gibson,J.A.B.; Wrixon,A.D. Methods for the Calculation of Derived Working Limits for Surface Contamination by Low-Toxicity Radionuclides. Health Phys. 36(3):311-321; 1979.

Glauberman,H.; Bootmann,W.R.; Breslin,A.J. Studies of the Significance of Surface Contamination. Chapter NA, pp. 169-178 in: Fish,B.R., ed. Surface Contamination; First ed.; Oxford, New York: Pergamon Press Ltd; 1967.

Hales,J.M.; Sehmel,G.A.; Lloyd,F.D. Pacific Northwest Laboratory Annual Report for 1976 To The ERDA Assistant Administrator For Environment And Safety. Part 3 Atmospheric Sciences.. Richland, Washington: Battelle, Pacific Northwest Laboratories; 1976.

Hartmann,G.; Thom,C.; Bachmann,K. Sources for Pu in Near Surface Air. Health Phys. 57(1):55-69; 1989.

Health Physics Society (HPS). American National Standard. Surface and Volume Radioactivity Standards for Unconditional Clearance. Draft ANSI N13.12-1997. McLean, Virginia: Health Physics Society; 1997.

Healy,J.W. Surface Contamination: Decision Levels. LA-4558-MS. Los Alamos, New Mexico: Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory; 1971.

Healy,J.W.; Wenzel,W.J. Contamination Limits for Real and Personal Property. January - June 1976. LA-6484-PR. Los Alamos, New Mexico: Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory; 1976.

Healy,J.W. Review of Resuspension Models. pp. 209-235 in: Hansen,W.C., ed. Transuranic Elements in the Environment. DOE/TIC-22800; Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Energy.; 1980.

Hinton,T.G.; Kopp,P.; Ibrahim,S.; Bubryak,I.; Syomov,A.; Tobler,L.; Bell,C. Comparison of Technique Used to Estimate the Amount of Resuspended Soil on Plant Surfaces. Health Phys. 68(5):523-531; 1995.

Hodgin,C.R. Mechanical Resuspension of PU-239 From Unpaved Roads. Golden, Colorado: Rockwell International; 1981.

Hollander,W. Resuspension Factors of 137Cs in Hannover After the Chernobyl Accident. Aerosol Science 25(5):789-792; 1994.

Homa,S.G. The Hotspot Health Physics Codes. Health Phys. 68(6 Supp):S59-S59; 1995.

Horst,T.W. The Annual-Average Effect of the Deposition-Resuspension Process on Airborne Contamination Near the Surface. Atmospheric Environment 13:791-796; 1979.

Horst,T.W. The Estimation of Airborne and Surface Contamination Resulting from the Deposition-Resuspension Process. Health Phys. 43(2):269-272; 1982.

Hudson,A.P.; Shaw,J. Categorisation and Designation of Working Areas in Which Unsealed Radioactive Materials Are Used. NRPB-M443. Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, UK: National Radiological Protection Board; 1993.

International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Safe Handling of Radioisotopes. First Edition with Revised Appendix I. Safety Series No. 1. Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency; 1962.

International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Monitoring of Radioactive Contamination on Surface. Techical Reports Series No. 120. Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency; 1970.

International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). General Models and Parameters for Assessing the Environmental Transfer of Radionuclides from Routine Releases. Safety Series No. 57. Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency; 1982.

International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Derived Intervention Levels for Application in Controlling Radiation Doses to the Public in the Event of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency: Principles, Procedures, and Data. Safety Series No. 81. Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency; 1986.

International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). The International Chernobyl Project. An Overview. Surface Contamination Maps. Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency; 1991.

International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Modeling of Resuspension, Seasonalty and Losses During Food Processing. IAEA-TECDOC-647I. Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency; 1992.

International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Clearance Levels for Radionuclides in Solid Materials. Application of Exemption Principles. Interim Report for Comment. IAEA-TECDOC-855. Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency; 1996.

International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Validation of Models Using Chernobyl Fallout Data from Southern Finland. Scenario S. Second Report of the VAMP Multiple Pathways Assessment Working Group. IAEA-TECDOC-904. Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency; 1996.

Jacob,P.; Meckbach,R. Shielding Factors and External Dose Evaluation. Radiation Protection Dosimetry 21(1/3):79-85; 1987.

Johnson,J.R.; Lamothe,E.S.; Jackson,J.S.; McElroy,R.G.C. Metabolism and Dosimetry of Tritium Gas Contaminated Surfaces. Fusion Technology 14:1147-1151; 1988.

Jones,I.S.; Pond,S.F. Some Experiments to Determine the Resuspension Factor of Plutonium from Various Surfaces. pp. 83-92 in: Fish,B.R., ed. Surface Contamination; First ed.; Oxford, New York: Pergamon Press Ltd; 1967.

Kathren,R.L. Towards Interim Acceptable Surface Contamination Levels for Environmental PuO2. BNWL-SA-1510. Richland, Washington: Pacific Northwest Laboratory; 1968.

Kennedy,W.E., Jr.; Strenge,D.L.; Meck,R.A.; Daily,C. Residual Radioactive Contamination from Decommissioning. Technical Basis for Translating Contamination Levels to Annual Total Effective Dose Equivalent. NUREG/CR-5512 PNL-7994. Richland, Washington: Pacific Northwest Laboratory; 1992.

Kercher,J.R.; Anspaugh,L.R. Analysis of the Nevada-Applied-Ecology-Group Model of Transuranic Radionuclide Transport and Dose. Journal Environmental Radioactivity 13:191-216; 1991.

Langer,G. Wind Resuspension of Trace Amounts of Plutonium Particles from Soil in a Semi-Arid Climate. Golden, Colorado: Rocky Flats Plant, Rockwell International, P.O. Box 464; 1985.

Langham,W.H. Unknown USAEC Report - Resuspension Factors. USRL-50639. Livermore, California: Lawrence Livermore Laboratory; 1969.

Langham,W.H. Plutonium Distribution as a Problem in Environmental Sciences. p. 3-?? in: Fowler,E.B. et al., eds. Proceedings of the Environmental Plutonium Symposium, Los Alamos, 4-5 August 1971. LA-4756; Los Alamos, New Mexico: Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory; 1971.

Leonard,B.E. Rn-222 Progeny Surface Deposition and Resuspension Residential Materials. Health Phys. 69(1):75-92; 1995.

Lichtenwalner,C.P. Evaluation of Wipe Sampling Procedures and Elemental Surface Contamination. American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal 53(10):657-659; 1992.

Martin,J.B.; Shamblin,P.A. Discrepancies in the Technical Basis for Contamination Limits. Health Phys. 62(6 Suppl.):S52-S52; 1992.

McKenzie-Carter,M.A.; Otis,M.D.; Anderson,M.E.; Roberts,J.A.; Gotchy,R.L.; Meck,R.A. Radiological Assessments for Clearance of Equipment and Materials from Nuclear Facilities. Main Report. Draft Report for Comment. NUREG-1640, Vol. 1. Washington, DC: U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission; 1999.

McKenzie-Carter,M.A.; Otis,M.D.; Anderson,M.E.; Roberts,J.A.; Gotchy,R.L.; Meck,R.A. Radiological Assessments for Clearance of Equipment and Materials from Nuclear Facilities. Appendices. Draft Report for Comment. NUREG-1640, Vol. 2. Washington, DC: U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission; 1999.

Metcalf,R.A. Study of nasal swipe analysis methods at Los Alamos National Laboratory. DOE Contract W-7405-ENG-36.(CONF-9607135--2: ). Los Alamos, New Mexico: Los Alamos National Laboratory; 1996.

Mishima,J.; Pinkston,D.; et al. Airborne Release Fractions/Rates and Respirable Fractions for Nonreactor Nuclear Facilities. Volume 1: Analyses of Experimental Data. DOE-HDBK-3010-94. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Energy; 1994.

Mitchell,R.N.; Eutsler,B.C. A Study Of Beryllium Surface Contamination And Resuspension. Chapter NA, pp. 349-352 in: Fish,B.R., ed. Surface Contamination; First ed.; London W.1, Great Britain: Pergamon Press Ltd.; 1967.

Nair,S.K.; Miller,C.W.; Thiessen,K.M.; Garger,E.K.; Hoffman,F.O. Modeling the Resuspension of Radionuclides in Ukrainian Regions Impacted by Chernobyl Fallout. Health Phys. 72(1):77-85; 1997.

National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP). Screening Models For Releases of Radionuclides To Atmosphere, Surface Water, And Ground. Bethesda, Maryland: National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP); 1996.

National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP). Screening Models For Releases of Radionuclides To Atmosphere, Surface Water, and Ground - Work Sheets. NCRP Report No. 123, Volume II. Bethesda, Maryland: National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP); 1996.

Ness,S.A. Surface and Dermal Monitoring for Toxic Exposures. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold; 1994.

Oliver,R. Maximum Permissible Levels of Contaminations. Letter. Health Phys. 9:951-952; 1963.

Olsher,R.H.; Eisele,S.L. The DOE Surface Contamination Intercomparison Program. Los Alamos, New Mexico. Los Alamos National Laboratory, ESH-Health Physics Measurements. 1995.

Rasmussen,N.; et al. Reactor Safety Study: An Assessment of Accident Risk in U.S. Commercial Nuclear Plants, Appendix VI. Calculation of Reactor Accident Consequences. WASH-1400. Washington, DC: U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission; 1975.

Ritter,P.D.; Huntsman,B.L.; Novick,V.J.; Alvarez,J.L.; Rich,B.L. Role of Personal Air Sampling in Radiation Safety Programs and Results of a Laboratory Evaluation of Personal Air Sampling Equipment. Final Technical Report. NUREG/CR-4033. Idaho Falls, Idaho: Idaho National Engineering Laboratory; 1984.

Samuelsson,C. Retrospective determination of radon in houses. Nature 334(6180):338-340; 1988.

Schultz,N.B.; Becher,A.F. Correlation of Uranium Alpha Surface Contamination, Airborne Concentrations, and Uranium Excretion Rates. Health Phys. 9:901-909; 1963.

Sehmel,G.A. Particle Resuspension: A Review. Environmental International 4:107-127; 1980.

Shinn,J.H.; Homan,D.N.; Gay,D.D. Plutonium Aerosol Fluxes and Pulmonary Exposure Rates During Resuspension from Bare Soils Near a Chemical Separation Facility. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; 1982.

Shinn,J.H.; Homan,D.N.; Hofman,C.B. A Summary Of Plutonium Aerosol Studies: Resuspension At The Nevada Test Site. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity UCRL-90746:1-78; 1986.

Shinn,J.H.; Essington,E.H.; Miller,F.L.; O'Farrell,T.P.; Orcutt,J.A.; Romney,E.M.; Shugart,J.W.; Sorom,E.R. Results of a Cleanup and Treatment Test at the Nevada Test Site: Evaluation of Vacuum Removal of Pu-Contaminated Soil. Health Phys. 57(5):771-779; 1989.

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