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| Census of Housing |
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Units that are classified as vacant for seasonal, recreational, or occasional use make up a class that is often referred to as “vacation” homes. These may be large summer estates on Long Island, time-sharing condos in Fort Lauderdale, or simple fishing cabins in northern Michigan. Analysts often use this category to estimate the number of second homes in a given area.
Florida was the clear leader in the number of these units over the last three censuses, but, before 1980, the clear leader was New York. On a percentage basis, the three northern New England states (Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont) have been at the top since the first housing census in 1940 (see graph).
In order to make the vacation home category consistent over the decades, “seasonal”, “held for occasional use”, and “for migrant workers” are combined. The “occasional use” category was not used prior to the 1960 census, which could partly explain a surge in vacation housing in 1960. It is also true that the number of units recorded for this first-time classification in 1960 was very small. Counts of seasonal and occasional use vacant units are separately provided from 1960 to 1980, but they were combined beginning in 1990 because evidence indicated enumerators had great difficulty determining the difference.
Counts of housing units for migrant workers were included with seasonal units before 1990. For comparability, this housing type was added beginning with the 1990 count of seasonal, recreational, or occasional units. Separate counts of migratory vacant units are provided beginning with 1990, for data users who would like to exclude them from the count of vacation homes. The number of units for migrant workers has been very small over the decades.
1 9 9 0
All For seasonal,
housing recreational,
units or occasional
use Migratory
Number Per-
cent
US 102,263,678 3,116,867 3.0% 34,944
AL 1,670,379 35,904 2.1% 295
AK 232,608 17,190 7.4% 199
AZ 1,659,430 97,030 5.8% 926
AR 1,000,667 18,667 1.9% 443
CA 11,182,882 198,436 1.8% 3,051
CO 1,477,349 64,621 4.4% 807
CT 1,320,850 20,475 1.6% 47
DE 289,919 19,365 6.7% 37
DC 278,489 1,663 0.6% 88
FL 6,100,262 421,003 6.9% 3,333
GA 2,638,418 34,254 1.3% 617
HI 389,810 12,888 3.3% 82
ID 413,327 25,342 6.1% 1,090
IL 4,506,275 25,263 0.6% 207
IN 2,246,046 37,065 1.7% 120
IA 1,143,669 14,696 1.3% 52
KS 1,044,112 7,531 0.7% 195
KY 1,506,845 21,159 1.4% 197
LA 1,716,241 30,786 1.8% 453
ME 587,045 88,206 15.0% 167
MD 1,891,917 42,486 2.2% 218
MA 2,472,711 90,501 3.7% 134
MI 3,847,926 226,621 5.9% 3,072
MN 1,848,445 105,659 5.7% 537
MS 1,010,423 16,348 1.6% 346
MO 2,199,129 55,847 2.5% 355
MT 361,155 21,069 5.8% 588
NE 660,621 11,329 1.7% 351
NV 518,858 11,522 2.2% 264
NH 503,904 57,177 11.3% 42
NJ 3,075,310 100,858 3.3% 267
NM 632,058 22,464 3.6% 602
NY 7,226,891 213,436 3.0% 811
NC 2,818,193 100,143 3.6% 1,429
ND 276,340 7,746 2.8% 510
OH 4,371,945 37,781 0.9% 457
OK 1,406,499 25,547 1.8% 378
OR 1,193,567 31,679 2.7% 1,479
PA 4,938,140 144,571 2.9% 212
RI 414,572 12,053 2.9% 16
SC 1,424,155 50,203 3.5% 360
SD 292,436 8,484 2.9% 93
TN 2,026,067 23,689 1.2% 300
TX 7,008,999 157,649 2.2% 5,730
UT 598,388 21,203 3.5% 180
VT 271,214 45,443 16.8% 38
VA 2,496,334 42,209 1.7% 467
WA 2,032,378 58,342 2.9% 2,510
WV 781,295 22,526 2.9% 123
WI 2,055,774 150,761 7.3% 160
WY 203,411 9,977 4.9% 509
1 9 8 0
All For seasonal or Seasonal Occasional
housing occasional use use
units
Number Per- Number Per- Number Per-
cent cent cent
US 88,411,263 2,794,054 3.2% 1,718,440 1.9% 1,075,614 1.2%
AL 1,467,374 30,283 2.1% 17,363 1.2% 12,920 0.9%
AK 162,825 11,996 7.4% 8,654 5.3% 3,342 2.1%
AZ 1,110,558 66,498 6.0% 44,121 4.0% 22,377 2.0%
AR 898,593 20,965 2.3% 9,853 1.1% 11,112 1.2%
CA 9,279,036 181,620 2.0% 58,615 0.6% 123,005 1.3%
CO 1,194,253 48,116 4.0% 25,572 2.1% 22,544 1.9%
CT 1,158,884 20,696 1.8% 14,831 1.3% 5,865 0.5%
DE 238,611 16,243 6.8% 8,504 3.6% 7,739 3.2%
DC 276,984 903 0.3% 192 0.1% 711 0.3%
FL 4,378,691 304,607 7.0% 108,300 2.5% 196,307 4.5%
GA 2,028,350 31,025 1.5% 15,710 0.8% 15,315 0.8%
HI 334,235 6,431 1.9% 2,022 0.6% 4,409 1.3%
ID 375,127 22,737 6.1% 15,371 4.1% 7,366 2.0%
IL 4,319,672 31,610 0.7% 16,809 0.4% 14,801 0.3%
IN 2,091,795 41,727 2.0% 28,678 1.4% 13,049 0.6%
IA 1,131,299 15,803 1.4% 10,100 0.9% 5,703 0.5%
KS 954,906 10,272 1.1% 4,755 0.5% 5,517 0.6%
KY 1,369,125 22,288 1.6% 14,117 1.0% 8,171 0.6%
LA 1,548,419 29,750 1.9% 13,098 0.8% 16,652 1.1%
ME 501,093 79,876 15.9% 73,716 14.7% 6,160 1.2%
MD 1,570,907 34,269 2.2% 21,688 1.4% 12,581 0.8%
MA 2,208,146 81,955 3.7% 68,005 3.1% 13,950 0.6%
MI 3,589,912 215,958 6.0% 141,577 3.9% 74,381 2.1%
MN 1,612,960 97,753 6.1% 83,597 5.2% 14,156 0.9%
MS 911,627 20,036 2.2% 7,549 0.8% 12,487 1.4%
MO 1,988,915 53,371 2.7% 27,752 1.4% 25,619 1.3%
MT 328,465 19,046 5.8% 13,450 4.1% 5,596 1.7%
NE 624,829 10,623 1.7% 6,130 1.0% 4,493 0.7%
NV 339,949 7,494 2.2% 2,458 0.7% 5,036 1.5%
NH 386,381 45,884 11.9% 37,166 9.6% 8,718 2.3%
NJ 2,772,149 105,825 3.8% 84,395 3.0% 21,430 0.8%
NM 507,513 24,069 4.7% 14,221 2.8% 9,848 1.9%
NY 6,867,638 215,920 3.1% 168,554 2.5% 47,366 0.7%
NC 2,274,737 84,233 3.7% 51,730 2.3% 32,503 1.4%
ND 258,772 9,353 3.6% 6,154 2.4% 3,199 1.2%
OH 4,108,105 45,195 1.1% 30,829 0.8% 14,366 0.3%
OK 1,237,040 20,265 1.6% 8,361 0.7% 11,904 1.0%
OR 1,083,285 30,237 2.8% 11,991 1.1% 18,246 1.7%
PA 4,596,431 125,052 2.7% 87,099 1.9% 37,953 0.8%
RI 372,672 12,057 3.2% 10,039 2.7% 2,018 0.5%
SC 1,153,709 43,992 3.8% 32,261 2.8% 11,731 1.0%
SD 276,997 10,706 3.9% 7,503 2.7% 3,203 1.2%
TN 1,747,422 21,676 1.2% 10,575 0.6% 11,101 0.6%
TX 5,549,352 154,974 2.8% 68,936 1.2% 86,038 1.6%
UT 490,006 12,602 2.6% 9,262 1.9% 3,340 0.7%
VT 223,199 34,279 15.4% 27,255 12.2% 7,024 3.1%
VA 2,020,941 39,589 2.0% 22,248 1.1% 17,341 0.9%
WA 1,689,450 56,304 3.3% 39,039 2.3% 17,265 1.0%
WV 747,810 18,923 2.5% 11,458 1.5% 7,465 1.0%
WI 1,863,897 140,401 7.5% 110,928 6.0% 29,473 1.6%
WY 188,217 8,567 4.6% 5,849 3.1% 2,718 1.4%
1 9 7 0
All For seasonal or Seasonal Occasional Migra-
housing occasional use use tory
units
Number Per- Number Per- Number Per-
cent cent cent
US 68,679,030 2,020,087 2.9% 1,022,464 1.5% 997,623 1.5% 54,122
AL 1,120,220 24,797 2.2% 5,580 0.5% 19,217 1.7%
AK 90,729 5,187 5.7% 2,386 2.6% 2,801 3.1%
AZ 584,171 15,598 2.7% 5,681 1.0% 9,917 1.7%
AR 675,611 17,117 2.5% 2,816 0.4% 14,301 2.1%
CA 6,996,990 129,593 1.9% 20,246 0.3% 109,347 1.6%
CO 757,070 31,610 4.2% 15,420 2.0% 16,190 2.1%
CT 981,158 19,678 2.0% 13,090 1.3% 6,588 0.7%
DE 180,233 7,506 4.2% 5,490 3.0% 2,016 1.1%
DC 278,444 1,073 0.4% 70 0.0% 1,003 0.4%
FL 2,526,612 84,921 3.4% 37,644 1.5% 47,277 1.9%
GA 1,470,557 22,984 1.6% 4,289 0.3% 18,695 1.3%
HI 216,085 3,066 1.4% 188 0.1% 2,878 1.3%
ID 244,695 13,166 5.4% 6,572 2.7% 6,594 2.7%
IL 3,703,367 31,417 0.8% 10,452 0.3% 20,965 0.6%
IN 1,730,099 36,070 2.1% 18,231 1.1% 17,839 1.0%
IA 964,060 17,687 1.8% 9,259 1.0% 8,428 0.9%
KS 789,196 10,888 1.4% 1,774 0.2% 9,114 1.2%
KY 1,064,451 20,039 1.9% 4,087 0.4% 15,952 1.5%
LA 1,150,235 24,285 2.1% 4,354 0.4% 19,931 1.7%
ME 397,169 76,062 19.2% 60,162 15.1% 15,900 4.0%
MD 1,249,177 25,210 2.0% 14,668 1.2% 10,542 0.8%
MA 1,890,400 68,382 3.6% 54,202 2.9% 14,180 0.8%
MI 2,954,570 178,143 6.0% 112,743 3.8% 65,400 2.2%
MN 1,276,198 74,153 5.8% 57,498 4.5% 16,655 1.3%
MS 699,150 17,176 2.5% 2,056 0.3% 15,120 2.2%
MO 1,673,361 46,514 2.8% 9,238 0.6% 37,276 2.2%
MT 246,603 13,297 5.4% 6,299 2.6% 6,998 2.8%
NE 515,069 9,294 1.8% 3,178 0.6% 6,116 1.2%
NV 172,558 3,617 2.1% 923 0.5% 2,694 1.6%
NH 280,962 44,045 15.7% 33,954 12.1% 10,091 3.6%
NJ 2,388,011 108,292 4.5% 85,402 3.6% 22,890 1.0%
NM 325,722 11,072 3.4% 3,824 1.2% 7,248 2.2%
NY 6,298,663 208,018 3.3% 146,400 2.3% 61,618 1.0%
NC 1,641,222 48,811 3.0% 23,119 1.4% 25,692 1.6%
ND 204,222 8,047 3.9% 3,888 1.9% 4,159 2.0%
OH 3,465,356 38,505 1.1% 18,188 0.5% 20,317 0.6%
OK 939,681 19,859 2.1% 2,041 0.2% 17,818 1.9%
OR 744,616 19,403 2.6% 9,373 1.3% 10,030 1.3%
PA 3,924,757 84,114 2.1% 48,546 1.2% 35,568 0.9%
RI 316,477 11,621 3.7% 9,976 3.2% 1,645 0.5%
SC 815,123 27,631 3.4% 10,368 1.3% 17,263 2.1%
SD 225,253 8,281 3.7% 3,533 1.6% 4,748 2.1%
TN 1,300,908 19,432 1.5% 3,902 0.3% 15,530 1.2%
TX 3,829,502 112,657 2.9% 21,096 0.6% 91,561 2.4%
UT 315,765 7,117 2.3% 3,951 1.3% 3,166 1.0%
VT 165,068 25,324 15.3% 15,967 9.7% 9,357 5.7%
VA 1,492,954 31,306 2.1% 8,803 0.6% 22,503 1.5%
WA 1,220,475 40,263 3.3% 16,288 1.3% 23,975 2.0%
WV 597,266 17,649 3.0% 4,895 0.8% 12,754 2.1%
WI 1,472,466 94,932 6.4% 58,361 4.0% 36,571 2.5%
WY 116,323 5,178 4.5% 1,993 1.7% 3,185 2.7%
Counts of seasonal vacants are from 100-percent data for 1980
while counts of occasional use vacants are from sample data.
This is a result of a 100-percent computer edit that shifted
many occasional use to "other" vacant units.
1 9 6 0
All For seasonal or Seasonal Occasional
housing occasional use use
units
Number Per- Number Per- Number Per-
cent cent cent
US 58,326,357 2,024,381 3.5% 1,742,465 3.0% 281,916 0.5%
AL 967,466 21,680 2.2% 18,156 1.9% 3,524 0.4%
AK 67,193 4,157 6.2% 3,079 4.6% 1,078 1.6%
AZ 415,834 17,323 4.2% 15,686 3.8% 1,637 0.4%
AR 586,552 22,309 3.8% 19,113 3.3% 3,196 0.5%
CA 5,465,870 128,870 2.4% 89,854 1.6% 39,016 0.7%
CO 594,522 28,690 4.8% 24,523 4.1% 4,167 0.7%
CT 818,544 31,550 3.9% 28,237 3.4% 3,313 0.4%
DE 143,725 6,429 4.5% 6,054 4.2% 375 0.3%
DC 262,641 610 0.2% 354 0.1% 256 0.1%
FL 1,776,961 73,926 4.2% 63,531 3.6% 10,395 0.6%
GA 1,170,039 23,337 2.0% 18,642 1.6% 4,695 0.4%
HI 165,506 2,960 1.8% 1,541 0.9% 1,419 0.9%
ID 223,533 14,837 6.6% 13,668 6.1% 1,169 0.5%
IL 3,275,799 37,424 1.1% 30,608 0.9% 6,816 0.2%
IN 1,503,148 39,780 2.6% 33,955 2.3% 5,825 0.4%
IA 905,295 18,129 2.0% 15,940 1.8% 2,189 0.2%
KS 740,335 12,100 1.6% 9,877 1.3% 2,223 0.3%
KY 925,572 17,078 1.8% 12,858 1.4% 4,220 0.5%
LA 978,452 22,114 2.3% 17,514 1.8% 4,600 0.5%
ME 364,617 64,718 17.7% 61,102 16.8% 3,616 1.0%
MD 934,552 24,996 2.7% 20,868 2.2% 4,128 0.4%
MA 1,690,998 87,019 5.1% 80,525 4.8% 6,494 0.4%
MI 2,548,792 170,932 6.7% 153,138 6.0% 17,794 0.7%
MN 1,119,271 77,627 6.9% 72,607 6.5% 5,020 0.4%
MS 628,945 18,243 2.9% 15,516 2.5% 2,727 0.4%
MO 1,491,397 37,125 2.5% 29,195 2.0% 7,930 0.5%
MT 233,310 14,091 6.0% 12,766 5.5% 1,325 0.6%
NE 472,950 10,003 2.1% 8,263 1.7% 1,740 0.4%
NV 101,623 2,573 2.5% 2,180 2.1% 393 0.4%
NH 224,440 33,882 15.1% 31,590 14.1% 2,292 1.0%
NJ 1,998,940 122,152 6.1% 113,189 5.7% 8,963 0.4%
NM 281,976 10,110 3.6% 8,961 3.2% 1,149 0.4%
NY 5,695,880 247,977 4.4% 225,169 4.0% 22,808 0.4%
NC 1,322,957 36,583 2.8% 29,616 2.2% 6,967 0.5%
ND 194,597 7,395 3.8% 6,500 3.3% 895 0.5%
OH 3,041,151 41,790 1.4% 33,670 1.1% 8,120 0.3%
OK 815,685 18,670 2.3% 13,262 1.6% 5,408 0.7%
OR 622,853 23,612 3.8% 16,924 2.7% 6,688 1.1%
PA 3,581,877 85,121 2.4% 75,403 2.1% 9,718 0.3%
RI 286,757 14,521 5.1% 13,709 4.8% 812 0.3%
SC 678,379 21,189 3.1% 17,185 2.5% 4,004 0.6%
SD 216,449 8,102 3.7% 7,224 3.3% 878 0.4%
TN 1,084,365 17,073 1.6% 12,979 1.2% 4,094 0.4%
TX 3,153,127 107,159 3.4% 82,487 2.6% 24,672 0.8%
UT 262,670 5,518 2.1% 4,821 1.8% 697 0.3%
VT 136,307 18,171 13.3% 16,517 12.1% 1,654 1.2%
VA 1,168,913 23,770 2.0% 18,450 1.6% 5,320 0.5%
WA 1,009,519 42,372 4.2% 37,339 3.7% 5,033 0.5%
WV 574,357 13,909 2.4% 10,543 1.8% 3,366 0.6%
WI 1,288,620 88,130 6.8% 81,581 6.3% 6,549 0.5%
WY 113,096 6,545 5.8% 5,996 5.3% 549 0.5%
Any occasional use vacants enumerated as "dilapidated" would not
be included in the vacant counts above for 1960.
1 9 5 0
All Seasonal
housing
units
Number Per-
cent
US 45,983,398 1,050,466 2.3%
AL 843,857 6,307 0.7%
AK 33,072 263 0.8%
AZ 240,750 5,487 2.3%
AR 575,163 7,294 1.3%
CA 3,590,660 59,355 1.7%
CO 436,226 19,924 4.6%
CT 611,162 22,658 3.7%
DE 97,013 3,031 3.1%
DC 229,738 129 0.1%
FL 952,131 25,121 2.6%
GA 966,672 7,493 0.8%
HI 120,606 NA NA
ID 188,328 5,408 2.9%
IL 2,671,647 20,102 0.8%
IN 1,232,314 21,710 1.8%
IA 811,912 7,538 0.9%
KS 625,148 3,890 0.6%
KY 820,141 4,586 0.6%
LA 777,672 6,269 0.8%
ME 311,441 37,754 12.1%
MD 689,116 18,071 2.6%
MA 1,400,185 56,916 4.1%
MI 1,971,842 100,534 5.1%
MN 918,434 41,330 4.5%
MS 609,329 6,235 1.0%
MO 1,268,354 12,639 1.0%
MT 194,256 5,504 2.8%
NE 417,245 3,036 0.7%
NV 56,515 791 1.4%
NH 190,563 24,184 12.7%
NJ 1,501,473 78,320 5.2%
NM 199,706 4,248 2.1%
NY 4,633,806 161,474 3.5%
NC 1,058,367 13,525 1.3%
ND 175,769 2,242 1.3%
OH 2,402,565 23,522 1.0%
OK 715,691 5,523 0.8%
OR 524,003 12,657 2.4%
PA 3,036,494 43,071 1.4%
RI 244,147 11,024 4.5%
SC 557,672 7,776 1.4%
SD 194,573 2,789 1.4%
TN 921,837 5,534 0.6%
TX 2,393,828 42,540 1.8%
UT 200,554 2,243 1.1%
VT 121,911 10,582 8.7%
VA 901,483 9,639 1.1%
WA 809,701 21,945 2.7%
WV 544,075 4,267 0.8%
WI 1,055,843 52,107 4.9%
WY 92,086 2,142 2.3%
Alaska and Hawaii are not included in U.S. total for 1950.
1 9 4 0
All Seasonal
housing
units
Number Per-
cent
US 37,325,470 739,594 2.0%
AL 708,043 1,964 0.3%
AK NA NA NA
AZ 147,079 4,725 3.2%
AR 520,613 2,252 0.4%
CA 2,340,373 60,684 2.6%
CO 354,660 14,806 4.2%
CT 488,543 23,293 4.8%
DE 75,567 2,435 3.2%
DC 185,128 37 0.0%
FL 590,451 22,572 3.8%
GA 796,715 2,878 0.4%
HI NA NA NA
ID 152,835 2,626 1.7%
IL 2,280,826 17,253 0.8%
IN 1,005,952 14,994 1.5%
IA 726,654 4,867 0.7%
KS 545,721 1,295 0.2%
KY 729,206 1,110 0.2%
LA 619,233 2,231 0.4%
ME 260,659 26,220 10.1%
MD 500,156 11,752 2.3%
MA 1,221,252 46,366 3.8%
MI 1,519,378 60,486 4.0%
MN 773,042 22,576 2.9%
MS 557,246 1,528 0.3%
MO 1,140,493 9,169 0.8%
MT 177,443 3,302 1.9%
NE 387,368 1,431 0.4%
NV 36,770 691 1.9%
NH 158,044 15,838 10.0%
NJ 1,223,887 65,801 5.4%
NM 145,642 4,656 3.2%
NY 4,032,460 116,960 2.9%
NC 820,888 5,711 0.7%
ND 162,881 749 0.5%
OH 1,977,693 18,401 0.9%
OK 647,485 2,374 0.4%
OR 369,811 8,890 2.4%
PA 2,618,056 26,376 1.0%
RI 203,469 9,130 4.5%
SC 458,899 3,269 0.7%
SD 179,744 1,706 0.9%
TN 742,030 2,236 0.3%
TX 1,804,884 23,240 1.3%
UT 147,291 1,198 0.8%
VT 106,362 7,052 6.6%
VA 659,787 4,560 0.7%
WA 590,439 15,106 2.6%
WV 459,725 1,407 0.3%
WI 897,719 39,666 4.4%
WY 76,868 1,725 2.2%
