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| Medical Subject Headings | |
NEW MEDICAL SUBJECT HEADINGS
WITH SCOPE NOTES AND PREVIOUS INDEXING - 2000
Links are to the MeSH Browser.
Abducens Nerve Diseases
C10.292.150+
Diseases of the sixth cranial (abducens) nerve or its nucleus in the pons. The nerve may be injured along its course in the pons, intracranially as it travels along the base of the brain, in the cavernous sinus, or at the level of superior orbital fissure or orbit. Dysfunction of the nerve causes lateral rectus muscle weakness, resulting in horizontal diplopia that is maximal when the affected eye is abducted and ESOTROPIA. Common conditions associated with nerve injury include INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ISCHEMIA; and INFRATENTORIAL NEOPLASMS.
Previous indexing:
Cranial Nerve Diseases (1981-1999)
Abducens Nerve (1968-1980)
Peripheral Nervous System Diseases (1968-1980)
XAbducens Palsy, Childhood, Benign Recurrent
XCranial Nerve VI Diseases
XLateral Rectus Palsy
XSixth Cranial Nerve Disorders
Abducens Nerve Injury
C10.292.150.100
C10.292.262.200
C10.900.300.218.150
C21.866.260.237.162
C21.866.915.300.400.100
Traumatic injury to the abducens, or sixth, cranial nerve. Injury to this nerve results in lateral rectus muscle weakness or paralysis. The nerve may be damaged by closed or penetrating CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA or by facial trauma involving the orbit.
Previous indexing:
Ophthalmoplegia (1966-1999)
Abducens Nerve (1967-1999)
XAbducens Neuropathy, Traumatic
XSixth-Nerve Palsy, Traumatic
Acarbose
D09.203.698.629.802.100
An inhibitor of alpha glucosidase that retards the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates in the small intestine and hence reduces the increase in blood-glucose concentrations after a carbohydrate load. It is given orally to non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus patients where diet modification or oral hypoglycemic agents do not control their condition. (From Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed)
Previous indexing:
Cyclohexanols (1979-1981)
Polysaccharides, Bacterial (1978-1979)
Trisaccharides (1980-1999)
Acatalasia
C18.452.648.556.750.025
A rare autosomal recessive disorder resulting from the absence of CATALASE activity. Though usually asymptomatic, a syndrome of oral ulcerations and gangrene may be present.
Previous indexing:
Catalase (1965-1999)
XAcatalasemia
XHypocatalasemia
Accessory Nerve Diseases
C10.292.175
Diseases of the eleventh cranial (spinal accessory) nerve. This nerve originates from motor neurons in the lower medulla (accessory portion of nerve) and upper spinal cord (spinal portion of nerve). The two components of the nerve join and exit the skull via the jugular foramen, innervating the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles, which become weak or paralyzed if the nerve is injured. The nerve is commonly involved in MOTOR NEURON DISEASE, and may be injured by trauma to the posterior triangle of the neck.
See related
Cranial Nerve Injuries
Previous indexing:
Cranial Nerve Diseases (1981-1999)
Accessory Nerve (1965-1999)
XCranial Nerve XI Diseases
XEleventh Cranial Nerve Disease
XSpinal Accessory Nerve Diseases
Acupuncture, Ear
E02.030.100.200
E02.040.025.100.200
Acupuncture therapy by inserting needles in the ear. It is used to control pain and for treating various ailments.
Previous indexing:
Acupuncture Therapy (1989-1999)
Acupuncture (1972-1990)
XAuriculotherapy
XEar Acupuncture
ADP-Ribosylation Factors
D08.586.277.040.330.300.400.100+
D12.776.157.325.515.100+
MONOMERIC GTP-BINDING PROTEINS that were initially recognized as allosteric activators of the NAD(P)(+)-ARGININE ADP-RIBOSYLTRANSFERASE of the cholera toxin catalytic subunit. They are involved in vesicle trafficking and activation of PHOSPHOLIPASE D. EC 3.6.1.-.
Previous indexing:
G-Proteins (1985-1999)
Afipia
B03.440.400.425.110
B03.660.050.013
A genus of gram-negative, oxidase-positive, nonfermentative rods which are motile by means of a single flagellum. Afipia felis and BARTONELLA HENSELAE are causative agents of CAT-SCRATCH DISEASE. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)
Previous indexing:
Gram-Negative Bacteria (1992-1999)
Cat-Scratch Disease/microbiology (1992-1999)
XAfipia felis
AIDS Arteritis, Central Nervous System
C02.782.815.616.400.060
C02.800.801.400.060
C10.114.875.175
C10.228.140.300.850.125
C14.907.184.140
C14.907.253.946.175
C14.907.940.090.170
C14.907.940.907.175
C20.673.480.060
Inflammation of blood vessels of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that occurs in association with the ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME. In children, this condition may be associated with INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSM formation. Cerebral vasculitis in this setting is frequently associated with AIDS-RELATED OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS including varicella, CMV, fungal, tuberculosis, and syphilis. (From Neurol Clin 1997 Nov;15(4):927-44; Neurology 1998 Aug;51(2):560-5)
See related
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Previous indexing:
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (1987-1999)
Vasculitis (1987-1999)
XCentral Nervous System AIDS Arteritis
XHIV-Associated Vasculitis of the Central Nervous System
Air Abrasion, Dental
E06.020
A technique using a pneumatic, high-pressure stream of aluminum oxide to remove DENTAL ENAMEL, DENTIN, and restorative materials from teeth. In contrast to using DENTAL HIGH-SPEED EQUIPMENT, this method usually requires no dental anesthesia (ANESTHESIA, DENTAL) and reduces risks of tooth chipping and microfracturing. It is used primarily for routine DENTAL CAVITY PREPARATION.
Previous indexing:
Dental Cavity Preparation (1996-1999)
XDental Air Abrasion
Alcohol Withdrawal Seizures
C10.597.742.143
C10.720.112.300
C21.613.705.150.300
C21.739.100.087.193.300
C21.739.835.500
A condition where seizures occur in association with ethanol abuse (ALCOHOLISM) without other identifiable causes. Seizures usually occur within the first 6-48 hours after the cessation of alcohol intake, but may occur during periods of alcohol intoxication. Single generalized tonic-clonic motor seizures are the most common subtype, however, STATUS EPILEPTICUS may occur. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1174)
Previous indexing:
Epilepsy/etiology (1966-1999)
Psychoses, Alcoholic (1966-1999)
XSeizures, Alcoholic
XStatus Epilepticus, Alcohol Withdrawal-Induced
Alcohol-Induced Disorders
C21.739.100.087+
Disorders stemming from the misuse and abuse of alcohol.
Alcohol-Induced Disorders, Nervous System
C10.720.112+
C21.613.705.150+
C21.739.100.087.193+
Acute and chronic neurologic disorders associated with the various neurologic effects of ETHANOL. Primary sites of injury include the brain and peripheral nerves.
Previous indexing:
Alcoholism (1966-1999)
XAlcohol Abuse, Nervous System
XEthanol-Induced Nervous System Disorders
Alcoholic Neuropathy
C10.668.829.800.050
C10.720.112.400
C21.613.705.150.400
C21.739.100.087.193.400
A condition where damage to the peripheral nervous system (including the peripheral elements of the autonomic nervous system) is associated with chronic ingestion of alcoholic beverages. The disorder may be caused by a direct effect of alcohol, an associated nutritional deficiency, or a combination of factors. Clinical manifestations include variable degrees of weakness; ATROPHY; PARESTHESIAS; pain; loss of reflexes; sensory loss; diaphoresis; and postural hypotension. (From Arch Neurol 1995;52(1):45-51; Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1146)
Previous indexing:
Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/etiology (1966-1999)
Alcoholism/complications (1966-1999)
XNeuropathy, Alcoholic
XPeripheral Neuropathy, Alcohol-Induced
XPolyneuropathy, Alcoholic
Alexia, Pure
C10.597.606.150.500.300.200.100
C23.888.592.604.150.500.300.200.100
F03.087.700.500
Loss of the power to comprehend written materials despite preservation of the ability to write (i.e., alexia without agraphia). This condition is generally attributed to lesions that "disconnect" the visual cortex of the non-dominant hemisphere from language centers in the dominant hemisphere. This may occur when a dominant visual cortex injury is combined with underlying white matter lesions that involve crossing fibers from the occipital lobe of the opposite hemisphere. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p483)
Previous indexing:
Dyslexia, Acquired (1966-1999)
XAlexia Without Agraphia
XPure Alexia
alpha Proteobacteria
B03.660.050+
A group generally comprised of those members of the proteobacteria class which are considered as oligotrophic.
Alteromonas
B03.440.400.425.126
B03.660.250.020
A genus of gram-negative, straight or curved rods which are motile by means of a single, polar flagellum. Members of this genus are found in coastal waters and the open ocean. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)
Previous indexing:
Gram-Negative Aerobic Bacteria (1977-1999)
Amaurosis Fugax
C10.597.751.941.162.125
C11.966.075.125
C23.888.592.763.941.162.125
Transient complete or partial monocular blindness due to retinal ischemia. This may be caused by EMBOLI from the CAROTID ARTERY (usually in association with CAROTID STENOSIS) and other locations that enter the central RETINAL ARTERY. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p245)
Previous indexing:
Blindness (1966-1999)
Carotid Artery Diseases (1966-1999)
Vision Disorders (1967-1999)
XBlindness, Monocular, Transient
XMonocular Blindness, Transient
Amino Acid Motifs
G05.331.599.056.040
G06.184.580.709.600.040+
G06.184.599.056.040
Commonly observed structural components of proteins formed by simple combinations of adjacent secondary structures.
XMotifs, Amino Acid
XProtein Motifs
XProtein Structure, Supersecondary
XSupersecondary Protein Structure
Amino Acid Transport Disorders, Inborn
C10.228.140.163.474.220+
C18.452.125.250.125
C18.452.648.088+
C18.452.648.156.125
Disorders characterized by defective transport of amino acids across cell membranes. These include deficits in transport across brush-border epithelial cell membranes of the small intestine (MICROVILLI) and KIDNEY TUBULES; transport across the basolateral membrane; and transport across the membranes of intracellular organelles. (From Nippon Rinsho 1992 Jul;50(7):1587-92)
Previous indexing:
Brain Diseases, Metabolic (1977-1999)
Brain Diseases (1966-1976)
XTransport Disorders, Amino Acid, Inborn
Amnesia, Anterograde
C10.597.606.525.100.075
C23.888.592.604.529.100.075
F01.700.625.100.075
F03.087.200.137
Loss of the ability to form new memories beyond a certain point in time. This condition may be organic or psychogenic in origin. Organically induced anterograde amnesia may follow CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; SEIZURES; ANOXIA; and other conditions which adversely affect neural structures associated with memory formation (e.g., the HIPPOCAMPUS; FORNIX (BRAIN); MAMMILLARY BODIES; and ANTERIOR THALAMIC NUCLEI). (From Memory 1997 Jan-Mar;5(1-2):49-71)
Previous indexing:
Amnesia (1967-1999)
XAnterograde Amnesia
XMemory Loss, Anterograde
XPost-Ictal Memory Loss
Amnesia, Transient Global
C10.228.140.060
C10.597.606.525.100.800
C23.888.592.604.529.100.800
F01.700.625.100.800
F03.087.200.800
A syndrome characterized by a transient loss of the ability to form new memories. It primarily occurs in middle aged or elderly individuals, and episodes may last from minutes to hours. During the period of amnesia, immediate and recent memory abilities are impaired, but the level of consciousness and ability to perform other intellectual tasks are preserved. The condition is related to bilateral dysfunction of the medial portions of each TEMPORAL LOBE. Complete recovery normally occurs, and recurrences are unusual. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp429-30)
Previous indexing:
Amnesia (1966-1999)
Memory (1966-1999)
XTransient Global Amnesia
Angiogenesis Inhibitors
D11.303.450.100
D22.204.025
D24.185.348.402.100
D27.505.130.204.025
D27.505.428.450.100
D27.505.507.348.402.100
Agents and endogenous substances that antagonize or inhibit the development of new blood vessels.
Previous indexing:
Neovascularization, Pathologic (1980-1999)
XAngiogenic Antagonists
XAngiostatic Agents
XAnti-Angiogenic Drugs
XNeovascularization Inhibitors
Angioscopes
E07.230.220.040
E07.858.240.040
Endoscopes used for viewing the interior of blood vessels.
Previous indexing:
Angioscopy/instrumentation (1993-1999)
Endoscopes (1998-1999)
Anterior Cerebral Artery
A07.231.114.228.100
Artery formed by the bifurcation of the internal carotid artery (CAROTID ARTERY, INTERNAL). Branches of the anterior cerebral artery supply the CAUDATE NUCLEUS, INTERNAL CAPSULE, PUTAMEN, SEPTAL NUCLEI, GYRUS CINGULI, and surfaces of the FRONTAL LOBE and PARIETAL LOBE.
Previous indexing:
Cerebral Arteries (1966-1999)
XCerebral Artery, Anterior
Anterior Spinal Artery Syndrome
C10.228.854.785.100
C10.228.854.785.650.100
C14.907.553.850.100
C14.907.790.100
C14.907.790.550.100
Ischemia or infarction of the spinal cord in the distribution of the anterior spinal artery, which supplies the ventral two-thirds of the spinal cord. This condition is usually associated with ATHEROSCLEROSIS of the aorta and may result from dissection of an AORTIC ANEURYSM or rarely dissection of the anterior spinal artery. Clinical features include weakness and loss of pain and temperature sensation below the level of injury, with relative sparing of position and vibratory sensation. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1249-50)
Previous indexing:
Spinal Cord Diseases (1966-1999)
Spinal Cord/blood supply (1968-1999)
Thrombosis/etiology (1968-1999)
XAnterior Spinal Artery Dissection
Anterior Thalamic Nuclei
A08.186.211.730.385.826.701.080
Three nuclei located beneath the dorsal surface of the most rostral part of the thalamus. The group includes the anterodorsal nucleus, anteromedial nucleus, and anteroventral nucleus. All receive connections from the mamillary body and fornix, and project fibers to the cingulate body.
Previous indexing:
Thalamic Nuclei (1971-1999)
XAnterior Nuclear Group
XAnterodorsal Thalamic Nucleus
XAnteromedial Thalamic Nucleus
XAnteroventral Thalamic Nucleus
Apraxia, Ideomotor
C10.597.606.881.350.200
C23.888.592.604.882.350.200
F01.700.875.350.200
A form of APRAXIA characterized by an acquired inability to carry out a complex motor activity despite the ability to mentally formulate the action. This condition has been attributed to a disruption of connections between the dominant parietal cortex and supplementary and premotor cortical regions in both hemispheres. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p57)
Previous indexing:
Apraxias (1968-1999)
XDyspraxia, Ideomotor
XIdeomotor Apraxia
Arcobacter
B03.440.050
B03.660.150.050
A genus of gram-negative, aerotolerant, spiral-shaped bacteria isolated from water and associated with diarrhea in humans and animals.
Previous indexing:
Campylobacter (1992-1999)
XArcobacter butzleri
Arsenic Poisoning
C10.720.475.150
C21.613.097
Disorders associated with acute or chronic exposure to compounds containing ARSENIC (ARSENICALS) which may be fatal. Acute oral ingestion is associated with gastrointestinal symptoms and an encephalopathy which may manifest as SEIZURES, mental status changes, and COMA. Chronic exposure is associated with mucosal irritation, desquamating rash, myalgias, peripheral neuropathy, and white transverse (Mees) lines in the fingernails. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1212)
Previous indexing:
Arsenicals/poisoning (1966-1999)
Arthroscopes
E07.230.220.060
E07.858.240.060
Endoscopes for visualizing the interior of a joint.
Previous indexing:
Arthroscopy/instrumentation (1982-1999)
Endoscopes (1998-1999)
Asperger Syndrome
F03.550.325.100
A childhood disorder predominately affecting boys and similar to autism (AUTISTIC DISORDER). It is characterized by severe, sustained, clinically significant impairment of social interaction, and restricted repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behavior. In contrast to autism, there are no clinically significant delays in language or cognitive development. (From DSM-IV)
Previous indexing:
Autistic Disorder (1981-1999)
AT Rich Sequence
G05.331.599.110.040
G06.184.599.110.040
A nucleic acid sequence that contains an above average number of ADENINE and THYMINE bases.
Previous indexing:
Base Sequence (1980-1999)
Adenine (1971-1987)
Thymine (1971-1987)
Atrial Appendage
A07.541.358.100
Ear-shaped appendage of either atrium of the heart. (Dorland, 28th ed)
Previous indexing:
Heart Atrium (1966-1999)
XAuricular Appendage
XHeart Atrium Appendage
Australian Capital Territory
Z01.338.240
A territory of Australia consisting of Canberra, the national capital and surrounding land. It lies geographically within NEW SOUTH WALES and was established by law in 1988.
Previous indexing:
Australia (1990-1999)
Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System
C10.114+
C20.111.258+
Disorders caused by cellular or humoral immune responses primarily directed towards nervous system autoantigens. The immune response may be directed towards specific tissue components (e.g., myelin) and may be limited to the central nervous system (e.g., MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS) or the peripheral nervous system (e.g., GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME).
Previous indexing:
Autoimmune Diseases (1966-1999)
XImmune Disorders, Nervous System
XNervous System Autoimmune Diseases
Autonomic Dysreflexia
C10.177.090
C10.900.850.250
A syndrome associated with damage to the spinal cord above the mid thoracic level (see SPINAL CORD INJURIES) characterized by a marked increase in the sympathetic response to minor stimuli such as bladder or rectal distention. Manifestations include HYPERTENSION; TACHYCARDIA (or reflex bradycardia); FEVER; FLUSHING; and HYPERHIDROSIS. Extreme hypertension may be associated with a CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp538 and 1232; J Spinal Cord Med 1997;20(3):355-60)
See related
Reflex, Abnormal
Previous indexing:
Autonomic Nervous System (1968-1980)
Quadriplegia (1968-1999)
Spinal Cord Injuries (1973-1999)
XAutonomic Hyperreflexia
XDysreflexia, Autonomic
XHyperreflexia, Autonomic
XSpinal Autonomic Dysreflexia
Azoarcus
B03.440.450.040
B03.660.075.035
A genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic bacteria including species which are often associated with grasses and which fix nitrogen as well as species which anaerobically degrade toluene and other mono-aromatic hydrocarbons.
Previous indexing:
Gram-Negative Facultatively Anaerobic Rods (1994-1999)
Azorhizobium
B03.440.400.425.127+
B03.660.050.017+
A genus of gram-negative, rod-shaped, obligate aerobes which are motile by peritrichous flagella on solid medium and one lateral flagellum in liquid medium. Under microaerobic conditions Azorhizobium fixes nitrogen. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)
Previous indexing:
Rhizobiaceae (1997-1999)
Rhizobiaceae/genetics (1988-1996)
Azorhizobium caulinodans
B03.440.400.425.127.100
B03.660.050.017.100
A species of AZORHIZOBIUM which forms nodules on the roots of the tropical legume Sesbania rostrata. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)
Previous indexing:
Rhizobiaceae/genetics (1988-1999)
Bardet-Biedl Syndrome
C10.228.140.617.200
C16.131.077.112
An autosomal recessive disorder characterized by RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA; POLYDACTYLY; OBESITY; MENTAL RETARDATION; hypogenitalism; renal dysplasia; and short stature. This syndrome has been distinguished as a separate entity from LAURENCE-MOON SYNDROME. (From J Med Genet 1997 Feb;34(2):92-8)
See related
Mental Retardation
Previous indexing:
Bardet-Biedl Syndrome (1966-1999)
XLaurence-Moon-Bardet-Biedl Syndrome
Basal Ganglia Cerebrovascular Disease
C10.228.140.079.127+
C10.228.140.300.100+
C14.907.253.061+
Infarction, hemorrhage, ischemia, or hypoxia of any component of the BASAL GANGLIA of the brain. Clinical manifestations may include involuntary or dyskinetic movements and hemiparesis (secondary to involvement of the INTERNAL CAPSULE). Etiologies include atherosclerosis, hypertension, inflammatory conditions (e.g., vasculitis), and emboli of arterial or cardiac origin. Lacunar infarctions frequently occur in the basal ganglia. Hemorrhages in this region are associated with hypertension, but may also result from the rupture of vascular malformations.
Previous indexing:
Cerebrovascular Disorders (1966-1999)
XCerebrovascular Disease, Basal Ganglia
Basal Ganglia Hemorrhage
C10.228.140.079.127.500+
C10.228.140.300.100.200+
C10.228.140.300.535.200.150+
C14.907.253.061.200+
C14.907.253.420.150+
C14.907.253.573.200.150+
C23.550.414.913.100.200+
Extravasation of blood into a basal ganglia nucleus (e.g., caudate, globus pallidus, amygdala, putamen, and claustrum). Clinical manifestations may include acute hemiparesis, movement disorders, headache and/or alterations of consciousness. Hypertension and vascular malformations are relatively common causes of this condition. Pathologically, these hemorrhages are associated with lipohyalinosis of small blood vessels and Charcot-Bouchard microaneurysm formation. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p836)
Previous indexing:
Cerebrovascular Disorders (1966-1999)
Cerebral Hemorrhage (1966-1999)
XHemorrhage, Basal Ganglia
Basal Nucleus of Meynert
A08.186.211.730.885.105.880.100
A group of nerve cells in the substantia innominata that has wide projections to the neocortex and is rich in acetylcholine and choline acetyltransferase. In Parkinson and Alzheimer diseases the nucleus undergoes degeneration.
Previous indexing:
Substantia Innominata (1984-1999)
Basal Ganglia (1967-1983)
XNucleus Basalis of Meynert
XNucleus Basalis Magnocellularis
Bell Palsy
C02.256.466.087
C07.465.094
C10.292.300.250
A syndrome characterized by the acute onset of unilateral FACIAL PARALYSIS which progresses over a 2-5 day period. Weakness of the orbicularis oculi muscle and resulting incomplete eye closure may be associated with corneal injury. Pain behind the ear often precedes the onset of paralysis. This condition may be associated with HERPESVIRUS 1, HUMAN infection of the facial nerve. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1376)
Previous indexing:
Facial Paralysis (1966-1999)
XBell's Palsy
XFacial Neuropathy, Inflammatory, Acute
XFacial Paralysis, Idiopathic
XHerpetic Facial Paralysis
beta Proteobacteria
B03.660.075+
A group of proteobacteria which generally derives nutrients from decomposition of organic material under anaerobic conditions.
beta-MSH
D06.472.734.525.690.583.075
D12.644.360.075
D12.776.641.650.460.075
D14.600.600.480.075
A peptide hormone that consists of 22 amino acids. It is derived from PRO-OPIOMELANOCORTIN and has natriuretic activity.
Xbeta-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone
XMSH, beta
Biomedical Technology
J01.897.115
The application of technology to the solution of medical problems.
See related
Biomedical Engineering
Previous indexing:
Technology, Medical (1991-1999)
XHealth Care Technology
XHealth Technology
Brachial Plexus Neuritis
C10.668.829.100.500
C10.668.829.650.250
A syndrome associated with inflammation of the BRACHIAL PLEXUS. Clinical features include severe pain in the shoulder region which may be accompanied by MUSCLE WEAKNESS and loss of sensation in the upper extremity. This condition may be associated with VIRUS DISEASES; IMMUNIZATION; SURGERY; heroin use (see HEROIN DEPENDENCE); and other conditions. The term brachial neuralgia generally refers to pain associated with brachial plexus injury. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1355-6)
See related
Brachial Plexus Neuropathies
Previous indexing:
Neuritis (1965-1999)
Brachial Plexus (1965-1999)
XAmyotrophy, Neuralgic
XCervico-Brachial Neuralgia
XNeuralgia, Amyotrophic
XNeuralgic Amyotrophy
XNeuritis, Brachial Plexus
XParsonage-Turner Syndrome
XShoulder-Girdle Neuropathy
Brachial Plexus Neuropathies
C10.668.829.100+
Diseases of the cervical (and first thoracic) roots, nerve trunks, cords, and peripheral nerve components of the BRACHIAL PLEXUS. Clinical manifestations include regional pain, PARESTHESIA; MUSCLE WEAKNESS, and decreased sensation (HYPESTHESIA) in the upper extremity. These disorders may be associated with trauma (including BIRTH INJURIES); THORACIC OUTLET SYNDROME; NEOPLASMS; NEURITIS; RADIOTHERAPY; and other conditions. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1351-2)
See related
Brachial Plexus Neuritis
Previous indexing:
Brachial Plexus (1972-1999)
Neuritis (1972-1999)
Peripheral Nervous System Diseases (1975-1999)
XBrachial Plexopathy
XErb Paralysis
XKlumpke Paralysis
Brain Diseases, Metabolic, Acquired
C10.228.140.163.165+
C18.452.125.200+
Conditions characterized by brain dysfunction or damage caused by acquired (i.e., non-inborn) metabolic disorders. Associated conditions include ENDOCRINE DISEASES; WATER-ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCE; KIDNEY DISEASES; LIVER DISEASES; anoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN); nutritional disorders (see NUTRITIONAL AND METABOLIC DISEASES); an encephalopathy associated with HEMODIALYSIS; and other disorders. (From Plum & Posner, Diagnosis of Stupor and Coma, 3rd ed, pp208-260)
Previous indexing:
Brain Diseases, Metabolic (1977-1999)
Brain Diseases (1966-1976)
XEncephalopathy, Metabolic, Acquired
XMetabolic Diseases, Acquired, Nervous System
XNervous System Acquired Metabolic Diseases
Brain Diseases, Metabolic, Inborn
C10.228.140.163.474+
C18.452.125.250+
C18.452.648.156+
Errors of brain metabolism resulting from inborn, primarily enzymatic, deficiency states. The majority of these conditions are familial, however spontaneous mutation may also occur. Deficient enzyme activity may cause brain dysfunction by leading to the accumulation of substrate, reduced product formation, or by causing metabolism to occur through alternate pathways.
See related
Mental Retardation
Previous indexing:
Brain/metabolism (1968-1999)
Hereditary Diseases (1968-1999)
Metabolic Diseases/genetics (1968-1999)
Metabolism, Inborn Errors (1972-1999)
XCentral Nervous System Inborn Metabolic Diseases
XFamilial Metabolic Brain Diseases
XInborn Errors of Metabolism, Brain
XMetabolic Diseases, Inborn, Brain
Brain Hemorrhage, Traumatic
C10.228.140.199.275+
C10.228.140.300.535.450.200+
C10.900.300.087.187+
C10.900.300.837.150+
C14.907.253.573.400.150+
C21.866.260.118.175+
C21.866.915.300.200.175+
C21.866.915.300.490.150+
Bleeding within the brain as a result of penetrating and nonpenetrating CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA. Traumatically induced hemorrhages may occur in any area of the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, brain stem (see BRAIN STEM HEMORRHAGE, TRAUMATIC), and cerebellum.
Previous indexing:
Cerebral Hemorrhage (1964-1999)
XCerebellar Hemorrhage, Traumatic
XTraumatic Brain Hemorrhage
Brain Infarction
C10.228.140.300.301.200+
C14.907.253.480.200+
The formation of an area of necrosis in the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres (see CEREBRAL INFARCTION), thalami, basal ganglia, brain stem (BRAIN STEM INFARCTIONS), or cerebellum secondary to an insufficiency of arterial or venous blood flow.
See related
Infarction
Previous indexing:
Infarction (1965-1999)
Cerebral Arterial Diseases (1965-1999)
Brain Diseases (1965-1999)
Intracranial Embolism and Thrombosis (1966-1999)
Intracranial Arteriosclerosis (1967-1999)
XVenous Infarction, Brain
Brain Injury, Chronic
C10.228.140.140.127
C10.228.140.199.500
C10.900.300.087.250
C21.866.260.118.200
C21.866.915.300.200.200
Conditions characterized by persistent brain damage or dysfunction as sequelae of cranial trauma. This disorder may result from DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY; INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES; BRAIN EDEMA; and other conditions. Clinical features may include DEMENTIA; focal neurologic deficits; PERSISTENT VEGETATIVE STATE; AKINETIC MUTISM; or COMA.
Previous indexing:
Brain Damage, Chronic (1965-1999)
XEncephalopathy, Post-Traumatic, Chronic
XPost-Concussive Syndrome
Brain Stem Hemorrhage, Traumatic
C10.228.140.199.275.200
C10.228.140.300.535.450.200.500
C10.900.300.087.187.200
C10.900.300.837.150.300
C14.907.253.573.400.150.200
C21.866.260.118.175.150
C21.866.915.300.200.175.200
C21.866.915.300.490.150.200
Extravasation of blood into the midbrain, pons, or medulla following CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA. DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY is commonly associated. Clinical manifestations which may be associated with this condition include OCULAR MOTILITY DISORDERS; ATAXIA; PARALYSIS; PERSISTENT VEGETATIVE STATE; and COMA.
Previous indexing:
Brain Stem (1968-1999)
Cerebral Hemorrhage (1968-1999)
Brain Injuries (1968-1999)
XHemorrhage, Brain Stem , Traumatic
XMedullary Hemorrhage, Traumatic
XMidbrain Hemorrhage, Traumatic
XPontine Hemorrhage, Traumatic
Brain Stem Infarctions
C10.228.140.300.301.200.100+
C14.907.253.480.200.100+
Infarctions that occur in the brain stem which is comprised of the midbrain, pons, and medulla. There are several named syndromes characterized by their distinctive clinical manifestations and specific sites of ischemic injury.
See related
Infarction
Previous indexing:
Infarction (1971-1999)
Cerebrovascular Disorders (1971-1999)
Brain Stem/blood supply (1975-1999)
XBenedict Syndrome
XClaude Syndrome
XFoville Syndrome
XMillard-Gublar Syndrome
XTop of the Basilar Syndrome
XWeber Syndrome
Brain Stem Neoplasms
C04.588.614.250.195.411.100
C10.228.140.211.500.100
C10.551.240.250.400.200
Benign and malignant intra-axial tumors of the MESENCEPHALON; PONS; or MEDULLA OBLONGATA of the BRAIN STEM. Primary and metastatic neoplasms may occur in this location. Clinical features include ATAXIA, cranial neuropathies (see CRANIAL NERVE DISEASES), NAUSEA, hemiparesis (see HEMIPLEGIA), and quadriparesis. Primary brain stem neoplasms are more frequent in children. Histologic subtypes include GLIOMA; HEMANGIOBLASTOMA; GANGLIOGLIOMA; and EPENDYMOMA.
Previous indexing:
Brain Neoplasms (1970-1999)
Brain Stem (1966-1999)
XMedullary Neoplasms
XMesencephalic Neoplasms
XMidbrain Neoplasms
XPontine Neoplasms
Bronchoscopes
E07.230.220.090
E07.858.240.090
Endoscopes for the visualization of the interior of the bronchi.
Previous indexing:
Bronchoscopy/instrumentation (1998-1999)
Endoscopes (1998-1999)
Buchnera
B03.440.100
B03.660.250.050
A genus of gram-negative bacteria which are obligately intracellular endosymbionts of APHIDS. The bacteria are found within specialized cells in the aphid body cavity.
Previous indexing:
Aphids/microbiology (1993-1999)
XBuchnera aphidicola
Calcium Channels, L-Type
D12.776.395.550.440.150.400
D12.776.543.550.425.150.400
Long-lasting voltage-gated CALCIUM CHANNELS found in both excitable and nonexcitable tissue. They are responsible for normal myocardial and vascular smooth muscle contractility. Five subunits (alpha-1, alpha-2, beta, gamma, and delta) make up the L-type channel. The alpha-1 subunit is the binding site for calcium-based antagonists. Dihydropyridine-based calcium antagonists are used as markers for these binding sites.
Previous indexing:
Calcium Channels (1993-1999)
Muscle Proteins (1993-1999)
XDihydropyridine Receptors
XL-Type Calcium Channels
XL-Type VDCC alpha-1 Subunit
XLong-Lasting Calcium Channels
XReceptors, Dihydropyridine
Calcium Channels, N-Type
D12.776.395.550.440.150.585+
D12.776.543.550.425.150.585+
CALCIUM CHANNELS that are concentrated in neural tissue. Omega toxins inhibit the actions of these channels by altering their voltage dependence.
Previous indexing:
Calcium Channels (1990-1999)
XN-Type Calcium Channels
XNeural-Type Calcium Channels
Calcium Channels, P-Type
D12.776.395.550.440.150.585.792
D12.776.543.550.425.150.585.792
CALCIUM CHANNELS located within the PURKINJE CELLS of the cerebellum. They are involved in stimulation-secretion coupling of neurons.
Previous indexing:
Calcium Channels (1991-1999)
XP-Type Calcium Channels
XPurkinje-Type Calcium Channels
Calcium Channels, Q-Type
D12.776.395.550.440.150.585.826
D12.776.543.550.425.150.585.826
CALCIUM CHANNELS located in the neurons of the brain.
Previous indexing:
Calcium Channels (1994-1999)
XQ-Type Calcium Channels
Calcium Channels, R-Type
D12.776.395.550.440.150.585.867
D12.776.543.550.425.150.585.867
CALCIUM CHANNELS located in the neurons of the brain. They are inhibited by the marine snail toxin, omega conotoxin MVIIC.
Previous indexing:
Calcium Channels (1992-1999)
XR-Type Calcium Channels
Calcium Channels, T-Type
D12.776.395.550.440.150.720
D12.776.543.550.425.150.720
A heterogenous group of transient or low voltage activated type CALCIUM CHANNELS. They are found in cardiac myocyte membranes, the sinoatrial node, Purkinje cells of the heart and the central nervous system.
Previous indexing:
Calcium Channels (1989-1999)
XTransient-Type Calcium Channels
Calendula
B06.388.100.100.141
B06.560.141
Genus of annuals in the family ASTERACEAE that contains CAROTENOIDS, essential oils (OILS, VOLATILE), flavonoids, mucilage, SAPONINS, and STEROLS. It is used both topically and internally.
Previous indexing:
Plants, Medicinal (1970-1999)
XCalendula officinalis
Carotid Artery Injuries
C10.228.140.300.200.345+
C10.228.140.300.350.500+
C10.900.250.300+
C14.907.253.123.345+
C14.907.253.535.500+
C21.866.915.200.200+
Blunt and penetrating traumatic injuries of the common, internal, or external carotid arteries which may result from CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; THORACIC INJURIES; and NECK INJURIES. Damage to the artery may lead to CAROTID ARTERY THROMBOSIS; CAROTID-CAVERNOUS SINUS FISTULA; pseudoaneurysm formation; and internal carotid artery dissection (CAROTID ARTERY, INTERNAL, DISSECTION). Clinical manifestations (e.g., stroke, HORNER SYNDROME) may be immediate or delayed. (From Am J Forensic Med Pathol 1997 Sep;18(3):251-7; J Trauma 1994 Sep;37(3):473-9)
Previous indexing:
Carotid Artery Diseases (1965-1999)
XTrauma, Carotid Artery
Carotid Artery, Internal, Dissection
C10.228.140.300.200.345.300
C10.228.140.300.200.353
C10.228.140.300.350.500.300
C10.900.250.300.300
C14.907.055.050.150
C14.907.253.123.345.300
C14.907.253.123.353
C14.907.253.535.500.300
C21.866.915.200.200.500
A hemorrhage into the wall of the carotid artery, separating the intima from the media and leading to aneurysm formation. This process may occlude the carotid artery and result in thromboembolic complications, including CEREBRAL INFARCTION. Dissections may occur spontaneously or follow CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; NECK INJURIES; and rarely severe bouts of coughing. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p830)
Previous indexing:
Carotid Artery Diseases (1969-1999)
XInternal Carotid Artery Dissection
Carotid-Cavernous Sinus Fistula
C10.228.140.300.200.345.350
C10.228.140.300.200.490
C10.228.140.300.350.500.350
C10.900.250.300.400
C14.907.253.123.345.400
C14.907.253.123.490
C14.907.253.535.500.350
C21.866.915.200.200.550
Laceration of the intracavernous portion of the carotid artery or one of its intracavernous branches resulting in a direct communication between the internal carotid artery and the cavernous sinus. Clinically, this produces a pulsatile exophthalamus and a marked limitation of extraocular motion in the affected eye. CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA, especially basilar skull fractures (SKULL FRACTURE, BASILAR) is the most common cause of this condition, but it may also occur spontaneously or in association with diseases featuring defective connective tissue, such as EHLERS-DANLOS SYNDROME. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p877)
Previous indexing:
Arteriovenous Fistula (1964-1999)
Cavernous Sinus (1964-1999)
Carotid Artery Diseases (1964-1999)
XCarotid Pseudoaneurysm
XFistula, Carotid Artery-Cavernous Sinus
XTraumatic Carotid-Cavernous Sinus Fistula
Cat's Claw
B06.388.100.850.150
B06.560.150
A vine (Uncaria tomentosa) indigenous to the Amazon rainforest whose name is derived from its hook-like thorns. It contains oxindole alkaloids and glycosides and has many medicinal uses.
Previous indexing:
Plants, Medicinal (1985-1999)
XUncaria tomentosa
Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis
C10.228.140.300.525.669.375
C14.907.253.378.586.375
C14.907.355.350.850.213.669.375
C14.907.355.830.850.213.669.375
Formation of a blood clot composed of platelets and fibrin in the CAVERNOUS SINUS of the brain. Infections of the paranasal sinuses and adjacent structures, CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA, and THROMBOPHILIA are associated conditions. Clinical manifestations include dysfunction of cranial nerves III, IV, V, and VI, marked periorbital swelling, chemosis, fever, and visual loss. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p711)
Previous indexing:
Sinus Thrombosis, Intracranial (1966-1999)
XSeptic Phlebitis, Cavernous Sinus
XThrombosis, Cavernous Sinus
Cefixime
D02.065.589.250.190.190.115
D03.438.260.150.190.190.115
D03.605.084.150.190.190.115
A third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic that is stable to hydrolysis by beta-lactamases.
Previous indexing:
Cephalosporins (1984-1985)
Cefotaxime/analogs & derivativ (1986-1999)
Cellvibrio
B03.440.400.425.290
B03.660.250.090
A genus of aerobic, gram-negative, motile, slightly curved, rod-shaped bacteria. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)
XCellvibrio gilvus
XCellvibrio mixtus
Central Cord Syndrome
C10.228.854.770.500
C10.900.850.625
C21.866.819.339
A syndrome associated with traumatic injury to the cervical or upper thoracic regions of the spinal cord characterized by weakness in the arms with relative sparing of the legs and variable sensory loss. This condition is associated with ischemia, hemorrhage, or necrosis involving the central portions of the spinal cord. Corticospinal fibers destined for the legs are spared due to their more external location in the spinal cord. This clinical pattern may emerge during recovery from spinal shock. Deficits may be transient or permanent.
See related
Spinal Cord Ischemia
Previous indexing:
Spinal Cord (1971-1999)
Spinal Diseases (1971-1999)
Central Nervous System Bacterial Infections
C01.252.200+
C01.395.500
C10.228.228.180+
Bacterial infections of the brain, spinal cord, and meninges, including infections involving the perimeningeal spaces.
Previous indexing:
Meningitis (1967-1999)
Brain Abscess (1965-1999)
Brain Diseases (1966-1999)
XBacterial Infections, Central Nervous System
Central Nervous System Cysts
C04.588.614.250.387+
C10.500.142+
C10.551.240.375+
C16.131.666.142+
Congenital or acquired cysts of the brain, spinal cord, or meninges which may remain stable in size or undergo progressive enlargement.
XCysts, Central Nervous System
XRathke Cleft Cysts
XSuprasellar Cyst
Central Nervous System Fungal Infections
C01.703.181+
C10.228.228.198+
MYCOSES of the brain, spinal cord, and meninges which may result in ENCEPHALITIS; MENINGITIS, FUNGAL; MYELITIS; BRAIN ABSCESS; and EPIDURAL ABSCESS. Certain types of fungi may produce disease in immunologically normal hosts, while others are classified as opportunistic pathogens, causing illness primarily in immunocompromised individuals (e.g., ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME).
XFungal Infections, Central Nervous System
XMycoses, Central Nervous System
Central Nervous System Helminthiasis
C03.105.250+
C10.228.228.205.250+
Infections of the BRAIN; SPINAL CORD; or MENINGES caused by HELMINTHS (parasitic worms).
Previous indexing:
Helminthiasis (1968-1999)
XCerebral Helminthiasis
XHelminthiasis, Central Nervous System
Central Nervous System Parasitic Infections
C03.105+
C10.228.228.205+
Infections of the brain, spinal cord, and meninges caused by parasites, primarily PROTOZOA and HELMINTHS.
Previous indexing:
Helminthiasis (1966-1999)
Parasitic Diseases (1966-1999)
XParasitic Infections, Central Nervous System
Central Nervous System Protozoal Infections
C03.105.300+
C03.752.100
C10.228.228.205.300+
Infections of the brain, spinal cord, or meninges by single celled organisms of the subkingdom PROTOZOA. The central nervous system may be the primary or secondary site of protozoal infection. Examples of primary infections include cerebral amebiasis, granulomatous amebic encephalitis, primary amebic meningoencephalitis, and TRYPANOSOMIASIS, AFRICAN. Cerebral malaria, cerebral babesiosis, and chagasic meningoencephalitis are examples of secondary infections. These diseases may occur as OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS or arise in immunocompetent hosts. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1998, Ch27, pp37-47)
Previous indexing:
Amebiasis (1966-1999)
XCerebral Protozoal Infections
XMeningoencephalitis, Protozoal
XProtozoal Infections, Central Nervous System
Central Nervous System Vascular Malformations
C10.500.190+
C14.240.275
C16.131.240.275
C16.131.666.190+
Congenital or acquired malformations involving arteries, veins, or venous sinuses of the brain, spinal cord, and meninges.
Previous indexing:
Cerebral Arteries/abnormalities (1966-1999)
Veins/abnormalities (1966-1999)
Brain/abnormalities (1967-1999)
Hemangioma, Cavernous (1964-1999)
XVascular Malformations, Brain
XVascular Malformations, Central Nervous System
Central Nervous System Venous Angioma
C04.557.645.375.185
C10.500.190.600
C16.131.666.190.600
A congenital anomaly characterized by clusters of dilated hypertrophic veins surrounded by normal nervous system tissue. The blood vessels have thin walls composed of a single layer of fibromuscular tissue lined by epithelium. These lesions may occur in the brain, but are more frequent in the spinal cord and spinal meninges. The incidence of hemorrhage is relatively low, but when it occurs it may be associated with venous infarctions of the nervous system. (From Davis et al., Textbook of Neuropathology, 2nd ed, pp628-9)
Previous indexing:
Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations (1978-1999)
Hemangioma (1969-1999)
XVenous Angioma, Central Nervous System
Central Nervous System Viral Diseases
C02.182+
C10.228.228.210+
Viral infections of the brain, spinal cord, meninges, or perimeningeal spaces.
Previous indexing:
Central Nervous System Diseases (1966-1999)
Virus Diseases (1966-1999)
Encephalitis (1967-1999)
Meningitis, Viral (1967-1999)
XViral Diseases, Central Nervous System
Cerebral Hemorrhage, Traumatic
C10.228.140.199.275.300
C10.228.140.300.535.200.200
C10.228.140.300.535.450.200.750
C10.900.300.087.187.300
C10.900.300.837.150.650
C14.907.253.420.200
C14.907.253.573.200.200
C14.907.253.573.400.150.300
C21.866.260.118.175.300
C21.866.915.300.200.175.300
C21.866.915.300.490.150.300
Bleeding into the CEREBRAL CORTEX; CORPUS CALLOSUM; BASAL GANGLIA, or subcortical white matter following CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA. DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY, cerebral edema, and INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION are frequently associated conditions. Relatively frequent clinical manifestations include SEIZURES; APHASIA; VISION DISORDERS; MOVEMENT DISORDERS; PARALYSIS, and COMA.
Previous indexing:
Cerebral Hemorrhage (1966-1999)
Brain Concussion (1966-1999)
Brain Injuries (1966-1999)
XBrain Hemorrhage, Cerebral, Traumatic
XCerebral Hematoma, Traumatic
XIntracerebral Hemorrhage, Traumatic
Cerebrovascular Accident
C10.228.140.300.301+
C14.907.253.480+
A sudden, nonconvulsive loss of neurologic function due to an ischemic or hemorrhagic intracranial vascular event. In general, cerebrovascular accidents are classified by anatomic location in the brain, vascular distribution, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. nonhemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)
Previous indexing:
Cerebrovascular Disorders (1964-1999)
Intracranial Embolism and Thrombosis (1965-1999)
Intracranial Arteriosclerosis (1965-1999)
XApoplexy
XCerebral Stroke
XCerebrovascular Apoplexy
XStroke
XVascular Accident, Brain
Cerebrovascular Trauma
C10.228.140.300.350+
C10.900.250+
C14.907.253.535+
C21.866.915.200+
Penetrating and nonpenetrating traumatic injuries to an extracranial or intracranial blood vessel that supplies the brain. This includes the CAROTID ARTERIES, vertebral arteries (VERTEBRAL ARTERY), and intracranial arteries, veins, and venous sinuses.
Previous indexing:
Carotid Artery Diseases (1964-1999)
Cerebrovascular Disorders (1964-1999)
XVascular Injury, Brain
Chamomile
B06.388.100.100.195
B06.560.200
Common name for several daisy-like species native to Europe and Western Asia, now naturalized in the United States and Australia. The dried flower-heads of two species, Anthemis nobilis (Chamaemelum nobile) and Matricaria recutita, have specific use as herbs. They are administered as TEA, extracts, tinctures, or OINTMENTS. Chamomile contains CHOLINE, COUMARINS, cyanogenic glycosides, FLAVONOIDS, salicylate derivatives, TANNINS, and volatile oils (OILS, VOLATILE).
Previous indexing:
Plants, Medicinal (1965-1999)
XAnthemis nobilis
XChamomile oil
XMatricaria chamomilla
XMatricaria perforata
XMatricaria recutita
XTripleurosperum perforatum
Chimerin Proteins
D12.776.402.150.100+
D12.776.641.124+
A family of GTPASE-ACTIVATING PROTEINS that are specific for RAC GTP-BINDING PROTEINS.
Previous indexing:
Nerve Tissue Proteins (1991-1999)
Neoplasm Proteins (1996-1999)
Proteins (1996-1999)
XChimaerin Proteins
Chorea Gravidarum
C10.228.140.079.294
C10.228.662.150.500
C13.703.141
A rare disorder characterized by the development of chorea, athetosis, and/or hemiballismus during pregnancy. RHEUMATIC FEVER and collagen vascular disorders are frequently associated with this disease. Chorea may vary from mild to severe and occurs in approximately 1 per 2,000 to 3,000 pregnancies. (From Md Med J 1997 Sep;46(8):436-9)
Previous indexing:
Chorea/diagnosis (1966-1999)
Pregnancy Complications/diagnosis (1966-1999)
XChorea, Pregnancy-Induced
XChoreoathetosis, Pregnancy-Associated
Choreatic Disorders
C10.228.662.150+
Acquired and hereditary conditions which feature CHOREA as a primary manifestation of the disease process.
Previous indexing:
Chorea (1966-1999)
XChorea, Benign Hereditary
XChorea, Chronic Progressive
XChorea, Rheumatic
XChorea, Senile
XChorea, Sydenham
XDyskinesias, Paroxysmal
XNeuroacanthocytosis
XParoxysmal Dyskinesias
XSenile Chorea
XSydenham Chorea
Chromosomal Disorders, Nervous System
C10.271+
C16.131.280.187+
MENTAL RETARDATION; NERVOUS SYSTEM ABNORMALITIES; and other diseases of the nervous system associated with defects in the structure or number of chromosomes.
See related
Mental Retardation
Previous indexing:
Chromosome Abnormalities (1966-1999)
Nervous System Diseases/genetics (1966-1999)
XAbnormalities, Chromosome, Nervous System
XAnomalies, Chromosomal, Nervous System
XNervous System Chromosomal Disorders
Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor
D11.303.611.212
D12.776.641.600.212
D24.185.348.686.212
A neurotrophic factor that promotes the survival of various neuronal cell types and may play an important role in the injury response in the nervous system.
See related
Receptor, Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor
Previous indexing:
Nerve Tissue Proteins (1980-1999)
XCNTF
Citrullinemia
C10.228.140.163.474.100.250
C18.452.648.066.340
A group of diseases related to a deficiency of the enzyme ARGININOSUCCINATE SYNTHASE which causes an elevation of serum levels of CITRULLINE. In neonates, clinical manifestations include lethargy, hypotonia, and SEIZURES. Milder forms also occur. Childhood and adult forms may present with recurrent episodes of intermittent weakness, lethargy, ATAXIA, behavioral changes, and DYSARTHRIA. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p49)
See related
Argininosuccinate Synthase
Previous indexing:
Argininosuccinate Synthase/deficiency (1975-1999)
Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors (1965-1999)
XArgininosuccinate Synthase Deficiency Disease
Classic Migraine
C10.228.140.300.800.542.200
C10.228.140.546.800.525.250
C14.907.253.937.542.200
A condition characterized by throbbing headaches which are preceded or accompanied by reversible symptoms that reflect cortical or brain stem dysfunction. The most common type of aura consists of a positive visual phenomenon, usually in the form of a scintillating scotoma. An aura may also take the form of other focal neurologic symptoms or signs, including loss of sensation or weakness in an extremity. In general, the aura precedes the headache by less than 60 minutes, develops over 4 minutes or longer, and has a duration of less than one hour. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p172; Cephalalgia 1988;8:Suppl 7:1-96)
Previous indexing:
Migraine (1966-1999)
XBasilar Migraine
XHemiplegic Migraine, Familial
XMigraine with Aura
XMigraine, Classic
Coat Protein Complex I
D12.776.543.212+
A protein complex comprised of COATOMER PROTEIN and ADP RIBOSYLATION FACTOR 1. It is involved in transport of vesicles between the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM and the GOLGI APPARATUS.
Previous indexing:
Membrane Proteins (1995-1999)
XCOPI
XCOPI Protein
Coatomer Protein
D12.776.543.212.300
A 700 kD cytosolic protein complex consisting of seven equimolar subunits (alpha, beta, beta', gamma, delta, epsilon and zeta). COATOMER PROTEIN and ADP-RIBOSYLATION FACTOR 1 are principle components of COAT PROTEIN COMPLEX I and are involved in vesicle transport between the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM and the GOLGI APPARATUS.
Previous indexing:
Membrane Proteins (1995-1999)
Coiled Bodies
A11.223.480
A distinct subnuclear domain enriched in splicesomal snRNPs (RIBONUCLEOPROTEINS, SMALL NUCLEAR) and p80-coilin.
Previous indexing:
Cell Nucleus (1976-1999)
Cell Nucleolus (1976-1999)
Ribonucleoproteins, Small Nuclear (1993-1999)
XAccessory Bodies of Cajal
Colonoscopes
E07.230.220.260.160+
E07.858.240.260.160+
Specially designed endoscopes for visualizing the interior surface of the colon.
Previous indexing:
Colonoscopy/instrumentation (1966-1999)
Endoscopes (1998-1999)
Colposcopes
E07.230.220.170
E07.858.240.170
Instruments inserted into the vagina for examination of the tissues of the vagina and cervix by means of a magnifying lens.
Previous indexing:
Colposcopy (1978-1999)
Endoscopes (1998-1999)
Colpotomy
E04.520.155
E04.950.300.220
An incision in the vagina.
Previous indexing:
Vagina/surgery (1978-1999)
Comamonas
B03.440.400.425.295+
B03.660.075.105+
A genus of gram-negative, straight or slightly curved rods which are motile by polar flagella and which accumulate poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate within the cells.
XComamonas terrigena
Comamonas acidovorans
B03.440.400.425.295.050
B03.660.075.105.050
A gram-negative rod found ubiquitously and formerly called Pseudomonas acidivorans. It is differentiated from other Comamonas species by its ability to utilize benzoate as a carbon source.
XPseudomonas acidovorans
Comamonas testosteroni
B03.440.400.425.295.750
B03.660.075.105.750
A species of gram-negative, aerobic rods formerly called Pseudomonas testosteroni. It is differentiated from other Comamonas species by its ability to assimilate testosterone and to utilize phenylacetate or maleate as carbon sources.
XPseudomonas testosteroni
Combinatorial Chemistry Techniques
E05.205
E05.916.160
A chemistry-based technology in which sets of reactions, for solution or solid-phase synthesis, are used to create molecular libraries for analysis of compounds on a large scale.
See related
Gene Library
Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
Peptide Library
Previous indexing:
Drug Design (1992-1999)
Technology, Pharmaceutical (1992-1999)
specific chemical /chemistry (1992-1999)
specific chemical /chemical synthesis (1992-1999)
XChemistry Techniques, Combinatorial
XTechniques, Combinatorial Chemistry
Comet Assay
E05.196.401.153.150
E05.393.560.150
E05.940.560.150
H01.181.529.307.437.100.150
A genotoxicological technique for measuring DNA damage in an individual cell using single-cell gel electrophoresis. Cell DNA fragments assume a "comet with tail" formation on electrophoresis and are detected with an image analysis system. Alkaline assay conditions facilitate sensitive detection of single-strand damage.
See related
DNA Damage
Previous indexing:
Mutagenicity Tests (1992-1999)
Electrophoresis, Agar Gel (1990-1999)
Electrophoresis (1990-1999)
XAlkaline Comet Assay
XAlkaline Single-Cell Gel Electrophoresis Assay
XElectrophoresis, Gel, Single-Cell
XGel Electrophoresis, Single-Cell
Comfrey
B06.388.100.227
B06.560.227
Perennial herb Symphytum officinale, in the family Boraginaceae, used topically for wound healing. It contains ALLANTOIN, carotene, essential oils (OILS, VOLATILE), GLYCOSIDES, mucilage, resin, SAPONINS, TANNINS, triterpenoids, VITAMIN B12, and ZINC. Comfrey also contains PYRROLIZIDINE ALKALOIDS and is hepatotoxic if ingested.
Previous indexing:
Plants, Medicinal (1967-1999)
XSymphytum officinale
Common Migraine
C10.228.140.300.800.542.300
C10.228.140.546.800.525.450
C14.907.253.937.542.300
Recurrent vascular headaches not preceded or accompanied by an aura. In general, episodes have the following characteristics: duration of 4-72 hours, moderate to severe intensity, throbbing quality, unilateral cranial distribution, and aggravation by physical activity. Nausea, emesis, photophobia, or phonophobia accompanies the pain. (From Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society. Classification and diagnostic criteria for headache disorders, cranial neuralgias and facial pain. Cephalalgia 1988;8:Suppl 7:1-96)
Previous indexing:
Migraine (1966-1999)
XMigraine without Aura
XMigraine, Common
Complex Regional Pain Syndromes
C10.177.195+
C10.668.829.250+
Conditions characterized by pain involving an extremity or other body region, HYPERESTHESIA, and localized autonomic dysfunction following injury to soft tissue or nerve. The pain is usually associated with ERYTHEMA, SKIN TEMPERATURE changes, abnormal sudomotor activity (i.e., changes in sweating due to altered sympathetic innervation) or edema. The degree of pain and other manifestations is out of proportion to that expected from the inciting event. Two subtypes of this condition have been described: type I (REFLEX SYMPATHETIC DYSTROPHY) and type II (CAUSALGIA). (From Pain 1995 Oct;63(1):127-33)
Previous indexing:
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy (1995-1999)
XPain Syndromes, Regional Complex
Compomers
D25.339.149.300
D25.339.291.150
D25.720.716.822.308.300
Composite materials composed of an ion-leachable glass embedded in a polymeric matrix. They differ from GLASS-IONOMER CEMENTS in that partially silanized glass particles are used to provide a direct bond to the resin matrix and the matrix is primarily formed by a light-activated, radical polymerization reaction.
Previous indexing:
Composite Resins (1994-1999)
Glass Ionomer Cements (1994-1999)
XComposite Resins, Polyacid-Modified
XPolyacid-Modified Composite Resins
Conotoxins
D24.185.926.580.590.162+
D24.185.926.640.195+
D24.185.965.590.162+
Peptide neurotoxins from the marine fish-hunting snails of the genus Conus. They contain 13 to 29 amino acids which are strongly basic and are highly cross-linked by disulfide bonds. There are three types of conotoxins, omega-, alpha-, and mu-. OMEGA-CONOTOXINS inhibit voltage-activated entry of calcium into the presynaptic membrane and therefore the release of ACETYLCHOLINE. Alpha-conotoxins inhibit the postsynaptic acetylcholine receptor. Mu-conotoxins prevent the generation of muscle action potentials. (From Concise Encyclopedia Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 3rd ed)
Previous indexing:
Mollusk Venoms (1986-1999)
Xalpha-Conotoxins
Xmu-Conotoxins
Cubital Tunnel Syndrome
C10.668.829.500.850.200
C10.668.829.550.925.200
C21.866.844.150.957.200
Compression of the ULNAR NERVE in the cubital tunnel, which is formed by the two heads of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle, humeral-ulnar aponeurosis, and medial ligaments of the elbow. This condition may follow trauma or occur in association with processes which produce nerve enlargement or narrowing of the canal. Manifestations include elbow pain and PARESTHESIA radiating distally, weakness of ulnar innervated intrinsic hand muscles, and loss of sensation over the hypothenar region, fifth finger, and ulnar aspect of the ring finger. (Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1995, Ch51, p43)
Previous indexing:
Elbow/injuries (1969-1999)
Ulnar Nerve (1969-1999)
Nerve Compression Syndromes (1974-1999)
Culdoscopes
E07.230.220.180
E07.858.240.180
Endoscopic instruments used for viewing the rectovaginal pouch and pelvic viscera.
Previous indexing:
Culdoscopy (1978-1999)
Cystoscopes
E07.230.220.190
E07.858.240.190
Endoscopes for visual examination of the urinary bladder.
Previous indexing:
Cystoscopy/instrumentation (1966-1999)
Endoscopes (1998-1999)
Cytogenetic Analysis
E05.393.285+
E05.909.262.385+
Examination of chromosomes to diagnose, classify, screen for, or manage genetic diseases and abnormalities. Following preparation of the sample, KARYOTYPING is performed and/or the specific chromosomes are analyzed.
See related
Chromosome Abnormalities
Chromosome Mapping
Cytogenetics
Genetic Screening
Previous indexing:
Cytological Techniques (1971-1999)
Genetic Techniques (1967-1999)
XCytogenetic Techniques
XMolecular Cytogenetic Techniques
delta Proteobacteria
B03.660.125+
A group of proteobacteria represented by morphologically diverse, anaerobic sulfidogens. Some members of this group are considered bacterial predators, having bacteriolytic properties.
Previous indexing:
Gram-Negative Anaerobic Bacteria (1995-1999)
Demyelinating Autoimmune Diseases, CNS
C10.114.375+
C10.314.350+
C20.111.258.250+
Conditions characterized by loss or dysfunction of myelin (see MYELIN SHEATH) in the brain, spinal cord, or optic nerves secondary to autoimmune mediated processes. This may take the form of a humoral or cellular immune response directed toward myelin or OLIGODENDROGLIA associated autoantigens.
XAutoimmune Demyelinating Diseases, Central Nervous System
XSpinal Cord Demyelinating Autoimmune Diseases
Dendritic Cells, Follicular
A10.549.250.200
A11.066.275
A15.382.066.275
A15.382.520.604.250.200
A15.382.520.604.412.500.200
Cells with extensive dendritic processes found in the B-cell areas (primary follicles and germinal centers) of lymphoid tissue. They are unrelated to the DENDRITIC CELLS associated with T-cells. Follicular dendritic cells have Fc receptors (RECEPTORS, FC) and C3b receptors (RECEPTORS, COMPLEMENT 3B), but unlike other dendritic cells, they do not process or present antigen in a way that allows recognition by T-cells. Instead, they hold antigen in the form of immune complexes on their surfaces for long periods and can present antigen to B-cells during an immune response. (From Herbert et al., Dictionary of Immunology, 4th ed)
Previous indexing:
Dendritic Cells (1987-1999)
Lymph Nodes (1980-1986)
XFollicular Dendritic Cells
Device Removal
E04.199
Removal of an implanted therapeutic or prosthetic device.
Dexmedetomidine
D03.383.374.245
A selective of RECEPTORS, ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 that has analgesic and sedative properties. MEDETOMIDINE is the other racemic form.
Previous indexing:
Imidazoles (1990-1999)
Diabetes Insipidus, Neurogenic
C10.228.140.617.738.300.150
C18.452.264.375
C19.700.482.215.375
Deficiency of vasopressin secretion from the posterior pituitary gland. Clinical manifestations include extreme thirst, polydipsia, and reduced serum osmolality. Potential etiologies include CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; post-neurosurgical states; HYPOTHALAMIC NEOPLASMS; PITUITARY NEOPLASMS; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM INFECTIONS; PITUITARY APOPLEXY; CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS; granulomatous diseases (including SARCOIDOSIS); and other conditions. The disorder may also be inherited as an autosomal or recessive trait. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch 36, pp55-8)
Previous indexing:
Diabetes Insipidus (1966-1999)
Diagonal Band of Broca
A08.186.211.730.885.380
Cholinergic bundle of nerve fibers posterior to the anterior perforated substance. It interconnects the paraterminal gyrus in the septal area with the hippocampus and lateral olfactory area.
Diclofenac Sodium
D02.241.223.601.210.220
The sodium form of DICLOFENAC. It is used for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties.
XSodium Diclofenac
Diffuse Axonal Injury
C10.228.140.199.600
C10.900.300.087.500
C21.866.260.118.300
C21.866.915.300.200.300
A relatively common sequela of blunt head injury, characterized by a global disruption of axons throughout the brain. Associated clinical features may include NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; PERSISTENT VEGETATIVE STATE; DEMENTIA; and other disorders.
Previous indexing:
Brain Injuries (1982-1999)
XAxonal Injury, Diffuse
Dipeptidyl Peptidase I
D08.586.277.656.300.133.375
D08.586.277.656.350.350.375
A cysteine-type peptidase that is CHLORINE dependent and functions maximally at acidic pHs. At neutral pH, it polymerizes esters, aryl- and dipeptide amides.
Previous indexing:
Dipeptidyl Peptidases (1984-1999)
XCathepsin C
XDipeptidyl Aminopeptidase I
Disease Attributes
C23.550.291+
Clinical characteristics of disease or illness.
Disease Models, Autoimmune, Nervous System
C10.114.400+
C20.111.258.270+
Animal disease models that simulate human autoimmune disorders of the central or peripheral nervous system. Disease models have been established for the study of GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME (see NEURITIS, EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGIC); MYASTHENIA GRAVIS (see MYASTHENIA GRAVIS, EXPERIMENTAL AUTOIMMUNE); and MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (see ENCEPHALOMYELITIS, EXPERIMENTAL AUTOIMMUNE).
Previous indexing:
Disease Models, Animal (1967-1999)
Autoimmune Diseases (1973-1999)
XAutoimmune Disease Models, Nervous System
XAutoimmune Myositis, Experimental
XMyositis, Experimental Autoimmune
Duodenoscopes
E07.230.220.260.200
E07.858.240.260.200
Endoscopes for examining the interior of the duodenum.
Previous indexing:
Duodenoscopy/instrumentation (1981-1999)
Endoscopes (1998-1999)
Dyskinesias
C10.597.350+
C23.888.592.350+
Abnormal involuntary movements which primarily affect the extremities, trunk, or jaw that occur as a manifestation of an underlying disease process. Conditions which feature recurrent or persistent episodes of dyskinesia as a primary manifestation of disease may be referred to as dyskinesia syndromes (see MOVEMENT DISORDERS). Dyskinesias are also a relatively common manifestation of BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES.
See related
Movement Disorders
Previous indexing:
Movement Disorders (1966-1999)
XAsterixis
XBallismus
XHemiballismus
XInvoluntary Movements
Dyssomnias
C10.886.425+
F03.870.400+
A broad category of sleep disorders characterized by either hypersomnolence or insomnia. The three major subcategories include intrinsic (i.e., arising from within the body) (SLEEP DISORDERS, INTRINSIC), extrinsic (secondary to environmental conditions or various pathologic conditions), and disturbances of circadian rhythm. (From Thorpy, Sleep Disorders Medicine, 1994, p187)
XSleep Disorders, Extrinsic
Dystonic Disorders
C10.228.662.300+
Acquired and inherited conditions that feature DYSTONIA as a primary manifestation of disease. These disorders are generally divided into generalized dystonias (e.g., dystonia musculorum deformans) and focal dystonias (e.g., writer's cramp). They are also classified by patterns of inheritance and by age of onset.
See related
Dystonia
Previous indexing:
Dystonia (1966-1999)
XFamilial Dystonia
XFocal Dystonia
XPseudodystonia
XWriter's Cramp
Echinacea
B06.388.100.100.310
B06.560.310
A genus of perennial herbs used topically and internally. It contains echinacoside, GLYCOSIDES, INULIN, isobutyl amides, resin, and SESQUITERPENES.
Previous indexing:
Plants, Medicinal (1967-1999)
Plant Extracts (1976-1999)
Ectothiorhodospira
B03.650.140+
B03.660.250.140+
A genus of vibrioid or rod-shaped cells which are motile by polar flagella. Internal photosynthetic membranes are present as lamellar stacks and contain bacteriochlorophyll a or b and carotenoids. Growth occurs photoautotrophically under anaerobic conditions. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)
XEctothiorhodospira vacuolata
Ectothiorhodospira halophila
B03.650.140.270
B03.660.250.140.270
A species of ECTOTHIORHODOSPIRA distinguished by its ability to grow optimally in an environment of 15-20% salinity. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)
Ectothiorhodospira shaposhnikovii
B03.650.140.720
B03.660.250.140.720
A species of ECTOTHIORHODOSPIRA distinguished by its ability to utilize nitrate. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)
Edwardsiella
B03.440.450.425.260+
B03.660.250.150.160+
A genus of small, straight gram-negative rods which are facultatively anaerobic, chemoorganotrophic, and usually motile by peritrichous flagella. Members of this genus are usually found in the intestines of cold-blooded animals and in fresh water. They are pathogenic for eels, catfish, and other animals and are rare opportunistic pathogens for humans. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)
Previous indexing:
Enterobacteriaceae (1969-1999)
Edwardsiella ictaluri
B03.440.450.425.260.340
B03.660.250.150.160.340
A species of EDWARDSIELLA distinguished by its nonmotility. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)
Previous indexing:
Enterobacteriaceae (1984-1999)
Edwardsiella tarda
B03.440.450.425.260.750
B03.660.250.150.160.750
A species of EDWARDSIELLA distinguished by its hydrogen sulfide production. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)
Previous indexing:
Enterobacteriaceae (1966-1999)
EF Hand Motifs
G06.184.580.709.600.040.360.240
Calcium-binding motifs composed of two helixes (E and F) joined by a loop. Calcium is bound by the loop region. These motifs are found in many proteins that are regulated by calcium.
Elastomers
D25.720.327+
J01.637.412+
A generic term for all substances having the properties of natural, reclaimed, vulcanized, or synthetic rubber, in that they stretch under tension, have a high tensile strength, retract rapidly, and recover their original dimensions fully.
See related
Elasticity
Embryo Loss
C13.703.200
C23.550.260.440
Pregnancy loss during the embryonic stage of development which, in humans, comprises the second through eighth week after fertilization.
XEmbryo Death
XEmbryo Resorption
Encephalitis, Herpes Simplex
C02.182.500.300.350
C02.256.466.262
C02.290.325
C10.228.228.210.150.300.350
C10.228.228.245.340.332
An acute (or rarely chronic) inflammatory process of the brain caused by SIMPLEXVIRUS infections which may be fatal. The majority of infections are caused by human herpesvirus 1 (HERPESVIRUS 1, HUMAN) and less often by human herpesvirus 2 (HERPESVIRUS 2, HUMAN). Clinical manifestations include FEVER; HEADACHE; SEIZURES; HALLUCINATIONS; behavioral alterations; APHASIA; hemiparesis; and COMA. Pathologically, the condition is marked by a hemorrhagic necrosis involving the medial and inferior TEMPORAL LOBE and orbital regions of the FRONTAL LOBE. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp751-4)
XHerpes Simplex Encephalitis
XHerpetic Acute Necrotizing Encephalitis
XMeningoencephalitis, Herpes Simplex Virus
Encephalitis, Varicella Zoster
C02.182.500.300.400
C02.256.466.279
C02.290.355
C10.228.228.210.150.300.400
C10.228.228.245.340.355
Inflammation of brain tissue caused by infection with the varicella-zoster virus (HERPESVIRUS 3, HUMAN). This condition is associated with immunocompromised states, including the ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME. Pathologically, the virus tends to induce a vasculopathy and infect oligodendrocytes and ependymal cells, leading to CEREBRAL INFARCTION, multifocal regions of demyelination, and periventricular necrosis. Manifestations of varicella encephalitis usually occur 5-7 days after onset of HERPES ZOSTER and include HEADACHE; VOMITING; lethargy; focal neurologic deficits; FEVER; and COMA. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1996, Ch 26, pp29-32; Hum Pathol 1996 Sep;27(9):927-38)
Previous indexing:
Herpes Zoster (1966-1999)
Encephalitis (1966-1999)
XEncephalitis, Human Herpesvirus 3
XHerpes Zoster Encephalitis
XMeningoencephalitis, Herpes Zoster
XVaricella Encephalitis
Encephalomyelitis, Eastern Equine
C02.081.355.177
C02.182.500.300.450.200
C02.290.450.200
C02.782.930.100.370.162
C10.228.228.210.150.300.450.200
C10.228.228.245.340.450.200
C10.228.228.291.323.162
C10.228.440.406.200
A form of arboviral encephalitis (primarily affecting equines) endemic to eastern regions of North America. The causative organism (ENCEPHALOMYELITIS VIRUS, EASTERN EQUINE) may be transmitted to humans via the bite of AEDES mosquitoes. Clinical manifestations include the acute onset of fever, HEADACHE, altered mentation, and SEIZURES followed by coma. The condition is fatal in up to 50% of cases. Recovery may be marked by residual neurologic deficits and EPILEPSY. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1996, Ch26, pp9-10)
Previous indexing:
Encephalitis Viruses (1967-1999)
Encephalomyelitis, Equine (1966-1999)
XEastern Equine Encephalomyelitis
Encephalomyelitis, Western Equine
C02.081.355.677
C02.182.500.300.450.300
C02.290.450.250
C02.782.930.100.370.662
C10.228.228.210.150.300.450.800
C10.228.228.245.340.450.250
C10.228.228.291.323.662
C10.228.440.406.250
A form of arboviral encephalitis (which primarily affects horses) endemic to western and central regions of NORTH AMERICA. The causative organism (ENCEPHALOMYELITIS VIRUS, WESTERN EQUINE) may be transferred to humans via the bite of mosquitoes (CULEX tarsalis and others). Clinical manifestations include headache and influenza-like symptoms followed by alterations in mentation, SEIZURES, and COMA. DEATH occurs in a minority of cases. Survivors may recover fully or be left with residual neurologic dysfunction, including PARKINSONISM, POSTENCEPHALITIC. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1996, Ch26, pp8-9)
Previous indexing:
Encephalomyelitis, Equine (1966-1999)
Encephalitis Viruses (1966-1999)
XWestern Equine Encephalitis
Endoscopes, Gastrointestinal
E07.230.220.260+
E07.858.240.260+
Instruments for the visual examination of the interior of the gastrointestinal tract.
Previous indexing:
Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal/instrumentation (1991-1999)
Gastroscopy/instrumentation (1966-1990)
Endoscopy/instrumentation (1966-1990)
XGastrointestinal Endoscopes
Enterocytes
A03.492.411.369.290
A10.615.550.444.290
A11.436.290
Terminally differentiated cells comprising the majority of the external surface of the intestinal epithelium (see INTESTINAL MUCOSA). Unlike GOBLET CELLS, they do not produce or secrete mucins, nor do they secrete cryptdins as do the PANETH CELLS.
Previous indexing:
Intestinal Mucosa (1968-1999)
Entopeduncular Nucleus
A08.186.211.730.385.800.240
A portion of the nucleus of ansa lenticularis located medial to the posterior limb of the internal capsule, along the course of the ansa lenticularis and the inferior thalamic peduncle or as a separate nucleus within the internal capsule adjacent to the medial GLOBUS PALLIDUS (NeuroNames, http://rprcsgi.rprc. washington.edu/neuronames/ (September 28, 1998)). In non-primates, the entopeduncular nucleus is analogous to both the medial globus pallidus and the entopeduncular nucleus of human.
See related
Globus Pallidus
Previous indexing:
Globus Pallidus (1967-1999)
XNucleus Entopeduncularis
Enzyme Activators
D27.505.361+
Compounds or factors that act on a specific enzyme to increase its activity.
See related
Enzyme Activation
Previous indexing:
Enzyme Activation/drug effects (1976-1999)
XActivators of Enzymes
Epidural Abscess
C01.252.200.250
C01.539.830.025.325
C10.228.228.180.375
C10.228.228.300
C10.228.228.709.350
C10.228.854.303
Circumscribed collections of suppurative material occurring in the spinal or intracranial EPIDURAL SPACE. The majority of epidural abscesses occur in the spinal canal and are associated with OSTEOMYELITIS of a vertebral body; ANALGESIA, EPIDURAL; and other conditions. Clinical manifestations include local and radicular pain, weakness, sensory loss, URINARY INCONTINENCE, and FECAL INCONTINENCE. Cranial epidural abscesses are usually associated with OSTEOMYELITIS of a cranial bone, SINUSITIS, or OTITIS MEDIA. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p710 and pp1240-1; J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1998 Aug;65(2):209-12)
Previous indexing:
Abscess/complications (1966-1999)
Spinal Cord Compression/etiology (1966-1999)
Spinal Cord Diseases (1967-1999)
XAbscess, Epidural
XAbscess, Extradural
Epilepsy, Benign Neonatal
C10.228.140.490.370
C16.614.258
A condition marked by recurrent seizures that occur during the first 4-6 weeks of life despite an otherwise benign neonatal course. Autosomal dominant familial and sporadic forms have been identified. Seizures generally consist of brief episodes of tonic posturing and other movements, apnea, eye deviations, and blood pressure fluctuations. These tend to remit after the 6th week of life. The risk of developing epilepsy at an older age is moderately increased in the familial form of this disorder. (Neurologia 1996 Feb;11(2):51-5)
Previous indexing:
Epilepsy (1968-1999)
XNeonatal Convulsions, Benign
Epilepsy, Partial, Motor
C10.228.140.490.360.272
A disorder characterized by recurrent localized paroxysmal discharges of cerebral neurons that give rise to seizures that have motor manifestations. The majority of partial motor seizures originate in the FRONTAL LOBE (see also EPILEPSY, FRONTAL LOBE). Motor seizures may manifest as tonic or clonic movements involving the face, one limb or one side of the body. A variety of more complex patterns of movement, including abnormal posturing of extremities, may also occur.
Previous indexing:
Epilepsies, Partial (1977-1999)
XFocal Motor Epilepsy
XMotor Partial Seizure Disorder
XPartial Epilepsy, Motor
XPartial Seizure Disorder, Motor
XSeizure Disorder, Partial, Motor
Epilepsy, Partial, Sensory
C10.228.140.490.360.275
A disorder characterized by recurrent focal onset seizures which have sensory (i.e., olfactory, visual, tactile, gustatory, or auditory) manifestations. Partial seizures that feature alterations of consciousness are referred to as complex partial seizures (EPILEPSY, COMPLEX PARTIAL).
Previous indexing:
Epilepsy (1966-1976)
Epilepsies, Partial (1977-1999)
XFocal Sensory Seizure
XPartial Epilepsy, Sensory
XSeizure Disorder, Partial, Sensory
XSensory Epilepsy
Epilepsy, Reflex
C10.228.140.490.450
A subtype of epilepsy characterized by seizures that are consistently provoked by a certain specific stimulus. Auditory, visual, and somatosensory stimuli as well as the acts of writing, reading, eating, and decision making are examples of events or activities that may induce seizure activity in affected individuals. (From Neurol Clin 1994 Feb;12(1):57-8)
Previous indexing:
Epilepsy (1965-1999)
XReflex Epilepsy
XReflex Epilepsy, Audiogenic
XReflex Epilepsy, Cursive (Running)
XReflex Epilepsy, Eating-Induced
XReflex Epilepsy, Musicogenic
XReflex Epilepsy, Photosensitive
XReflex Epilepsy, Reading
epsilon Proteobacteria
B03.660.150+
A group of proteobacteria consisting of chemoorganotrophs usually associated with the digestive system of humans and animals.
Previous indexing:
Bacteria/classification (1994-1999)
Equisetum
B06.560.328
A genus of plants closely related to ferns. Some species have medicinal use and some are poisonous.
Previous indexing:
Plants (1971-1999)
Plants, Medicinal (1976-1999)
XHorsetail
Esophagoscopes
E07.230.220.270
E07.858.240.270
Endoscopes for examining the interior of the esophagus.
Previous indexing:
Esophagoscopy/instrumentation (1966-1999)
Endoscopes (1998-1999)
Essential Tremor
C10.228.662.350
A relatively common disorder characterized by a fairly specific pattern of tremors which are most prominent in the upper extremities and neck, inducing titubations of the head. The tremor is usually mild, but when severe may be disabling. An autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance may occur in some families (i.e., familial tremor). (Mov Disord 1988;13(1):5-10)
Previous indexing:
Tremor (1966-1999)
XBenign Essential Tremor
XFamilial Tremor
Estrogen Receptor Modulators
D06.347.082+
D27.505.440.450.082+
Substances that possess antiestrogenic actions but can also produce estrogenic effects as well. They act as complete or partial agonist or as antagonist. They can be either steroidal or nonsteroidal in structure.
See related
Estrogen Antagonists
Estrogens
Estrogens, Synthetic
XAntiestrogens
Ethnopharmacology
G01.703.015
G02.628.100
The study of the actions and properties of drugs, usually derived from medicinal plants, indigenous to a population or ethnic group.
See related
Ethnobotany
Medicine, Traditional
Pharmacognosy
Plants, Medicinal
Previous indexing:
Pharmacology (1983-1999)
Medicine, Traditional (1979-1999)
Exopeptidases
D08.586.277.656.350+
A sub-subclass of PEPTIDE HYDROLASES that act only near the ends of polypeptide chains. Exopeptidases are further divided into AMINOPEPTIDASES, EC 3.4.11; DIPEPTIDASES, EC 3.4.13; DIPEPTIDYL PEPTIDASES & tripeptidyl peptidases, EC 3.4.14; peptidyl-dipeptidases, EC 3.4.15; CARBOXYPEPTIDASES, EC 3.4.16 - EC 3.4.18, and omega peptidases, EC 3.4.19. EC 3.4.-.
Previous indexing:
Peptide Hydrolases (1977-2000)
XExoproteases
Facial Nerve Injuries
C10.292.262.500
C10.292.300.500
C10.900.300.218.300
C21.866.260.237.325
C21.866.915.300.400.300
Traumatic injuries to the facial nerve. This may result in FACIAL PARALYSIS, decreased lacrimation and salivation, and loss of taste sensation in the anterior tongue. The nerve may regenerate and reform its original pattern of innervation, or regenerate aberrantly, resulting in inappropriate lacrimation in response to gustatory stimuli (e.g., "crocodile tears") and other syndromes.
Previous indexing:
Facial Paralysis (1965-1999)
Facial Nerve Diseases (1981-1999)
Facial Nerve (1966-1980)
XFacial Nerve Trauma
XFacial Neuropathy, Traumatic
Femoral Neuropathy
C10.668.829.500.200
Disease involving the femoral nerve. The femoral nerve may be injured by ISCHEMIA (e.g., in association with DIABETIC NEUROPATHIES), nerve compression, trauma, COLLAGEN DISEASES, and other disease processes. Clinical features include MUSCLE WEAKNESS or PARALYSIS of hip flexion and knee extension, ATROPHY of the quadriceps muscles, reduced or absent patellar reflex, and impaired sensation over the anterior and medial thigh.
Previous indexing:
Femoral Nerve (1966-1999)
Neuritis (1966-1999)
Peripheral Nervous System Diseases (1966-1999)
XFemoral Mononeuropathy
XFemoral Nerve Diseases
XMononeuropathy, Femoral
XNeuropathy, Femoral
Fetal Weight
E01.370.600.110.120.300
E05.118.287.300
G07.553.481.398.300
G08.520.288.325
The weight of the fetus in utero, which is usually estimated by various formulas based on measurements made during PRENATAL ULTRASONOGRAPHY.
See related
Birth Weight
Body Weight
Previous indexing:
Body Weight (1965-1999)
Fetus (1965-1999)
XBody Weight, Embryonic
XBody Weight, Fetal
XEmbryo Weight
Fetoscopes
E07.230.220.280
E07.858.240.280
Endoscopes for viewing the embryo, fetus and amniotic cavity.
Previous indexing:
Fetoscopy/instrumentation (1977-1999)
Endoscopy/instrumentation (1966-1976)
XAmnioscopes
XEmbryoscopes
Feverfew
B06.388.100.100.325
B06.560.378
Aromatic perennial Tanacetum parthenium used to treat migraines, arthritis, and as a febrifuge. It contains TANNINS, volatile oils (OILS, ESSENTIAL), and sesquiterpene lactones, especially parthenolide.
Previous indexing:
Sesquiterpenes (1977-1999)
Plants, Medicinal (1980-1999)
XChrysanthemum parthenium
XTanacetum parthenium
Focal Nodular Hyperplasia
C06.552.270
Benign, usually asymptomatic nodule of the liver, occurring chiefly in women. It is a firm, highly vascular mass resembling cirrhosis, usually with a stellate fibrous core containing numerous small bile ducts, and having vessels lined by Kupffer cells. (Dorland, 28th ed)
Previous indexing:
Hyperplasia (1968-1999)
Liver Neoplasms (1968-1999)
Liver Diseases (1969-1999)
XHyperplasia, Focal Nodular
Fornix (Brain)
A08.186.211.577.265
A08.186.211.730.885.400
Heavily myelinated fiber bundle of the TELENCEPHALON projecting from the hippocampal formation to the HYPOTHALAMUS. Some authorities consider the fornix part of the LIMBIC SYSTEM. The fimbria starts as a flattened band of axons arising from the subiculum and HIPPOCAMPUS, which then thickens to form the fornix.
Previous indexing:
Hippocampus (1966-1999)
XFimbria (Brain)
Fourth Ventricle
A08.186.211.276.500
An irregularly shaped cavity in the rhombencephalon, between the medulla oblongata, the pons, and the isthmus in front, and the cerebellum behind. It is continuous with the central canal of the cord below and with the CEREBRAL AQUEDUCT above, and through its lateral and median apertures it communicates with the subarachnoid space.
Previous indexing:
Cerebral Ventricles (1965-1999)
Gait Apraxia
C10.597.404.400
C10.597.606.881.350.600
C23.888.592.413.400
C23.888.592.604.882.350.600
F01.700.080.500
Impaired ambulation not attributed to sensory impairment or motor weakness. FRONTAL LOBE disorders; BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES (e.g., PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS); DEMENTIA, MULTI-INFARCT; ALZHEIMER DISEASE; and other conditions may be associated with gait apraxia.
Previous indexing:
Apraxias (1965-1999)
Gait (1965-1999)
XApraxia of Gait
XBruns' Apraxia of Gait
XDyspraxia of Gait
Gait Ataxia
C10.597.350.090.500.500
C10.597.350.090.750
C10.597.404.450
C23.888.592.350.090.200.500
C23.888.592.350.090.600
C23.888.592.413.450
Impairment of the ability to coordinate the movements required for normal ambulation which may result from impairments of motor function or sensory feedback. This condition may be associated with BRAIN DISEASES (including CEREBELLAR DISEASES and BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES); SPINAL CORD DISEASES; or PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES.
Previous indexing:
Gait (1966-1999)
Ataxia (1966-1999)
XAtaxia of Gait
XCerebellar Gait
Gait Disorders, Neurologic
C10.597.404+
C23.888.592.413+
Gait abnormalities that are a manifestation of nervous system dysfunction. These conditions may be caused by a wide variety of disorders which affect motor control, sensory feedback, and muscle strength including: CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASES; or MUSCULAR DISEASES.
Previous indexing:
Gait (1965-1999)
XAmbulation Disorders, Neurologic
gamma Proteobacteria
B03.660.250+
A group of the proteobacteria comprised of facultatively anaerobic and fermentative gram-negative bacteria.
gamma-MSH
D06.472.734.525.690.583.115
D12.644.360.115
D12.776.641.650.460.115
D14.600.600.480.115
A peptide hormone derived from PRO-OPIOMELANOCORTIN that has natriuretic activity.
Xgamma-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone
XMSH, gamma
Gangliosidoses GM2
C10.228.140.163.474.475.600.300.300
C18.452.648.556.641.803.350.300+
C18.452.648.595.519.600.300.300
C18.452.648.595.803.350.300+
Inherited diseases characterized by the accumulation of G(M2) GANGLIOSIDE in central nervous system lysosomes and variably in other tissues. Subtypes include TAY-SACHS DISEASE and SANDHOFF DISEASE, as well as an AB variant of BETA-N-ACETYLHEXOSAMINIDASE deficiency and an adult onset form of GM2 Gangliosidosis.
Previous indexing:
Tay-Sachs Disease (1966-1999)
Sandhoff Disease (1966-1999)
XG(M2) Gangliosidoses
XGangliosidosis GM2, AB Variant
XGangliosidosis GM2, Type AB
XGM2 Protein Activator Deficiency Disease
Gastroscopes
E07.230.220.260.320
E07.858.240.260.320
Endoscopes used for examining the interior of the stomach.
Previous indexing:
Gastroscopy/instrumentation (1966-1999)
Endoscopes (1998-1999)
Gatekeeping
N04.452.758.849.350
The controlling of access to health services, usually by primary care providers; often used in managed care settings to reduce utilization of expensive services and reduce referrals. (From BIOETHICS Thesaurus, 1999)
Previous indexing:
Referral and Consultation (1990-1999)
GC Rich Sequence
G05.331.599.110.380+
G06.184.599.110.380+
A nucleic acid sequence that contains an above average number of GUANINE and CYTOSINE bases.
Previous indexing:
Base Sequence (1989-1999)
Dinucleoside Phosphates (1989-1999)
CpG Islands (1996-1999)
Gelatinase A
D08.586.277.656.300.480.205.352
D08.586.277.656.300.480.252.420
D08.586.277.656.300.480.525.352
A secreted endopeptidase homologous with INTERSTITIAL COLLAGENASE, but which possesses an additional fibronectin-like domain. EC 3.4.24.24.
Previous indexing:
Gelatinases (1992-1999)
Metalloendopeptidases (1992-1999)
XMatrix Metalloproteinase-2
XMMP-2
X72 kD Gelatinase
Gelatinase B
D08.586.277.656.300.480.205.360
D08.586.277.656.300.480.252.445
D08.586.277.656.300.480.525.360
An endopeptidase that is structurally similar to GELATINASE A. It degrades types I and V GELATIN and types IV and V COLLAGEN. EC 3.4.24.35.
Previous indexing:
Collagenases (1989-1999)
XMatrix Metalloproteinase-9
XMMP-9
X92 kD Gelatinase
Gene Expression Profiling
E05.393.332
The determination of the pattern of genes expressed i.e., transcribed, under specific circumstances or in a specific cell.
See related
Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
XGene Expression Pattern Analysis
XTranscript Expression Analysis
Gene Silencing
G05.331.375.410
Interruption or suppression of the expression of a gene at transcriptional or translational levels.
See related
DNA Methylation
Previous indexing:
Gene Expression Regulation (1981-1999)
XGene Inactivation
Genes, myb
G05.275.740.791.418
Retrovirus-associated DNA sequences (v-myb) originally isolated from the avian myeloblastosis and E26 leukemia viruses. The proto-oncogene c-myb codes for a nuclear protein involved in transcriptional regulation and appears to be essential for hematopoietic cell proliferation. The human myb gene is located at 6q22-23 on the short arm of chromosome 6. This is the point of break in translocations involved in T-cell acute lymphatic leukemia and in some ovarian cancers and melanomas. (From Ibelgaufts, Dictionary of Cytokines, 1995).
Previous indexing:
Oncogenes (1983-1999)
Genes, Viral (1983-1999)
Xc-myb Genes
Xmyb Genes
Xv-myb Genes
Genes, rel
G05.275.740.791.552
Family of retrovirus-associated DNA sequences (v-rel) originally isolated from an avian reticuloendotheliosis virus strain. The proto-oncogene rel (c-rel) codes for a subcellular (nuclear and cytoplasmic) transcription factor that has a role in lymphocyte differentiation. Translocation or overexpression of c-rel or competition from v-rel causes oncogenesis. The human rel gene is located at 2p12-13 on the short arm of chromosome 2.
See related
Oncogene Proteins v-rel
Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-rel
Previous indexing:
Oncogenes (1983-1999)
Genes, Viral (1983-1999)
Xc-rel Genes
Xrel Genes
Xv-rel Genes
Genes, sis
G05.275.740.791.560
Retrovirus-associated DNA sequences (v-sis) originally isolated from the simian sarcoma virus (SSV). The proto-oncogene c-sis codes for a growth factor which is the B chain of PLATELET-DERIVED GROWTH FACTOR. v-sis or overexpression of c-sis causes tumorigenesis. The human sis gene is located at 22q12.3-13.1 on the long arm of chromosome 22.
See related
Oncogene Proteins v-sis
Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis
Previous indexing:
Oncogenes (1983-1999)
Xc-sis Genes
Xsis Genes
Xv-sis Genes
XGenes, PDGFB
Genome, Archaeal
G05.430.050
The genetic material contained in the DNA of an archaeal organism.
Previous indexing:
Genome, Bacterial (1994-1999)
Archaea/genetics (1993-1999)
Ginger
B06.388.100.975.425
B06.560.425
Deciduous plant rich in volatile oil (OILS, VOLATILE). It is used as a flavoring agent and has many other uses both internally and topically.
Previous indexing:
Zingiberales (1998-1999)
Spices (1993-1997)
XZingiber officinale
Glia Maturation Factor
D11.303.611.325
D12.776.641.600.325
D24.185.348.686.325
A factor identified in the brain that influences the growth and differentiation of NEURONS and NEUROGLIA. Glia maturation factor beta is the 17 kD polypeptide product of the GMFB gene and is the principal component of GLIA MATURATION FACTOR.
Previous indexing:
Nerve Tissue Proteins (1977-1999)
XGlia Maturation Factor beta
XGMF-beta
Glossopharyngeal Nerve Diseases
C10.292.450
Diseases of the ninth cranial (glossopharyngeal) nerve or its nuclei in the medulla. The nerve may be injured by diseases affecting the lower brain stem, floor of the posterior fossa, jugular foramen, or the nerve's extracranial course. Clinical manifestations include loss of sensation from the pharynx, decreased salivation, and syncope. Glossopharyngeal neuralgia refers to a condition that features recurrent unilateral sharp pain in the tongue, angle of the jaw, external auditory meatus and throat that may be associated with SYNCOPE. Episodes may be triggered by cough, sneeze, swallowing, or pressure on the tragus of the ear. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1390)
See related
Cranial Nerve Injuries
Previous indexing:
Cranial Nerve Diseases (1981-1999)
Glossopharyngeal Nerve (1965-1980)
XCranial Nerve IX Diseases
XGlossopharyngeal Neuralgia
XNinth Cranial Nerve Diseases
Gluconobacter
B03.440.400.425.370+
B03.660.050.250+
A genus of gram-negative, rod-shaped to ellipsoidal bacteria occurring singly or in pairs and found in flowers, soil, honey bees, fruits, cider, beer, wine, and vinegar. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)
XGluconobacter suboxydans
Gluconobacter oxydans
B03.440.400.425.370.550
B03.660.050.250.550
A rod-shaped to ellipsoidal, gram-negative bacterium which oxidizes ethanol to acetic acid and prefers sugar-enriched environments. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)
Previous indexing:
Acetobacteraceae (1993-1999)
Pseudomonadaceae (1976-1992)
Glucuronic Acid
D02.241.081.844.915.325.300+
D02.241.152.811.325.300+
D02.241.511.902.915.325.300+
D09.203.811.922.325.300+
Derivatives of uronic acid found throughout the plant and animal kingdoms. They detoxify drugs and toxins by conjugating with them to form GLUCURONIDES in the liver which are more water-soluble metabolites that can be easily eliminated from the body.
Previous indexing:
Glucuronates (1981-1999)
Glucuronic Acids
D02.241.081.844.915.325+
D02.241.152.811.325+
D02.241.511.902.915.325+
D09.203.811.922.325+
Derivatives of uronic acid that are distributed widely throughout the plant and animal kingdoms.
Glucuronides
D02.241.081.844.915.325.300.400.448
D02.241.152.811.325.300.400.448
D02.241.511.902.915.325.300.400.448
D09.203.811.922.325.300.400.448
Glycosides of GLUCURONIC ACID formed by the reaction of URIDINE DIPHOSPHATE GLUCURONIC ACID with certain endogenous and exogenous substances. Their formation is important for the detoxification of drugs, steroid excretion and BILIRUBIN metabolism to a more water-soluble compound that can be eliminated in the URINE and BILE.
See related
Uridine Diphosphate Glucuronic Acid
Glyoxysomes
A11.368.702.515.250
Microbodies which occur in plant cells, and in some eukaryotic microorganisms, and which contain enzymes of the glyoxylate cycle. (Singleton and Stainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2nd ed)
Previous indexing:
Microbodies (1982-1999)
Graft vs Leukemia Effect
G04.610.555.714.402.320.320
Immunological rejection of leukemia cells following bone marrow transplantation.
Previous indexing:
Graft vs Tumor Effect (1999)
Graft vs Host Reaction (1972-1998)
GTP Phosphohydrolase Activators
D27.505.361.200
Agents and factors that activate GTP phosphohydrolase activity.
Previous indexing:
GTP Phosphohydrolase/metabolism (1976-1999)
XGTPase Activators
GTP Phosphohydrolase-Linked Elongation Factors
D08.586.277.040.330.300.100+
D12.776.157.325.150+
D12.776.835.700.350+
Factors that utilize energy from the hydrolysis of GTP to GDP for peptide chain elongation. EC 3.6.1.-.
Previous indexing:
GTP Phosphohydrolases (1975-1999)
Guanosine Triphosphate (1969-1974)
Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases (1969-1974)
XGuanosinetriphosphatase-Linked Elongation Factors
XGTPase-Linked Elongation Factors
GTP Phosphohydrolases
D08.586.277.040.330+
Enzymes that hydrolyze GTP to GDP. EC 3.6.1.-.
XGuanosine Triphosphate Phosphohydrolases
XGuanosinetriphosphatases
XGTPase
XGTPases
GTP-Binding Protein Regulators
D12.776.402+
Proteins that regulate the signaling activity of GTP-BINDING PROTEINS. They are divided into three categories depending upon whether they stimulate GTPase activity (GTPASE-ACTIVATING PROTEINS), inhibit release of GDP (GUANINE NUCLEOTIDE DISSOCIATION INHIBITORS) or exchange GTP for GDP (GUANINE NUCLEOTIDE EXCHANGE FACTORS).
Previous indexing:
Proteins (1978-1999)
G-Proteins (1988-1999)
XG-Protein Regulating Factors
XG-Protein Signaling Regulators
XRegulators, G-Protein Signaling
GTPase-Activating Proteins
D12.776.402.150+
Proteins that activate the GTPase of specific GTP-BINDING PROTEINS.
Previous indexing:
Proteins (1989-1999)
XGAP Proteins
Guanine Nucleotide Dissociation Inhibitors
D12.776.402.225
Protein factors that inhibit the dissociation of GDP from GTP-BINDING PROTEINS.
Previous indexing:
G-Proteins (1992-1999)
XGDI Proteins
XGDP Dissociation Inhibitors
Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors
D12.776.402.300+
Protein factors that promote the exchange of GTP for GDP bound to GTP-BINDING PROTEINS.
Previous indexing:
Proteins (1978-1999)
G-Proteins (1994-1999)
XGuanine Nucleotide Releasing Factors
XGDP Exchange Factors
XGDP-GTP Reversing Factors
Guillain-Barre Syndrome
C10.114.750.100+
C10.314.750.450+
C10.668.829.350+
C10.668.829.800.750.300+
C20.111.258.750.400+
An acute inflammatory autoimmune neuritis caused by T cell- mediated cellular immune response directed towards peripheral myelin. Demyelination occurs in peripheral nerves and nerve roots. The process is often preceded by a viral or bacterial infection, surgery, immunization, lymphoma, or exposure to toxins. Common clinical manifestations include progressive weakness, loss of sensation, and loss of deep tendon reflexes. Weakness of respiratory muscles and autonomic dysfunction may occur. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1312-1314)
Previous indexing:
Polyradiculoneuropathy (1966-1999)
XAcute Autoimmune Neuropathy
XAcute Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy
XAcute Inflammatory Polyneuropathy
XAIDP
XLandry-Guillain-Barre Syndrome
XPolyradiculoneuropathy, Acute Inflammatory
Hafnia
B03.440.450.425.375+
B03.660.250.150.280+
A genus of straight, gram-negative bacterial rods which are facultatively anaerobic and motile by peritrichous flagella. This genus is found in human and animal feces, soil, water, and dairy products. It is an opportunistic pathogen in humans. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)
Previous indexing:
Enterobacteriaceae (1966-1999)
Hafnia alvei
B03.440.450.425.375.050
B03.660.250.150.280.050
The type species for the genus HAFNIA. It is distinguished from other biochemically similar bacteria by its lack of acid production on media containing sucrose. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)
Previous indexing:
Enterobacteriaceae (1969-1999)
Hallux Limitus
C05.330.488.300
C05.550.445
A bony proliferation and articular degeneration of the first METATARSOPHALANGEAL JOINT that is characterized by pain and a progressive decrease in the dorsiflexion range of motion.
Previous indexing:
Foot Deformities (1998-1999)
Foot Diseases (1997)
Foot Deformities, Acquired (1979-1996)
Hallux Rigidus
C05.330.488.310
C05.550.450
A condition caused by degenerative arthritis (see OSTEOARTHRITIS) of the METATARSOPHALANGEAL JOINT of the great toe and characterized by pain and limited dorsiflexion, but relatively unrestricted plantar flexion.
Previous indexing:
Metatarsophalangeal Joint (1983-1999)
Halomonas
B03.440.400.425.390
B03.660.250.290
A genus of gram-negative, rod-shaped or pleomorphic bacteria which are halotolerant. Members of this genus are capable of growth in sodium chloride concentrations of up to 20% or more. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)
XHalomonas elongata
Head Injuries, Penetrating
C10.900.300.675
C21.866.260.538
C21.866.915.300.475
C21.866.986.500
Head injuries which feature compromise of the skull and dura mater. These may result from gunshot wounds (WOUNDS, GUNSHOT), stab wounds (WOUNDS, STAB), and other forms of trauma.
Previous indexing:
Wounds, Penetrating (1971-1999)
Craniocerebral Trauma (1971-1999)
XBrain Injuries, Penetrating
XCranial Trauma, Penetrating
XCraniocerebral Trauma, Penetrating
XMissile Injuries, Penetrating, Head
Headache Disorders
C10.228.140.546+
Common conditions characterized by persistent or recurrent headaches (see HEADACHE). Headache syndrome classification systems may be based on etiology (e.g., VASCULAR HEADACHE, post-traumatic headaches, etc.), temporal pattern (e.g., CLUSTER HEADACHE, paroxysmal hemicrania, etc.), and precipitating factors (e.g., cough headache).
See related
Headache
Previous indexing:
Headache (1978-1999)
XAnalgesic Overuse Headache
XCephalgia Syndromes
XChronic Headache
XPost-Traumatic Headache
Heavy Metal Poisoning, Nervous System
C10.720.475+
Conditions associated with damage or dysfunction of the nervous system caused by exposure to heavy metals, which may cause a variety of central, peripheral, or autonomic nervous system injuries.
Previous indexing:
Metals, Heavy/poisoning (1997-1999)
Metals or specifics/poisoning (1966-1999)
XPoisoning, Heavy Metals, Nervous System
Hemangioma, Cavernous, Central Nervous System
C04.557.645.375.385.500
C10.500.190.200
C14.907.934.385.500
C15.378.463.835.385.500
C16.131.666.190.200
A vascular malformation composed of clusters of large, thin walled veins lacking intervening nervous tissue. They are most common in the BRAIN STEM but may also occur in the cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, cerebellum, and spinal cord. The lesions have a tendency to rupture and cause a variety of clinical deficits (e.g., SEIZURES; hemiparesis) that depend upon the location of the hemorrhage. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp851-2)
Previous indexing:
Hemangioma, Cavernous (1966-1999)
XCavernous Hemangioma, Central Nervous System
XCerebral Cavernous Hemangioma
Hematoma, Subdural, Acute
C10.228.140.300.535.450.400.500
C10.900.300.837.600.400
C14.907.253.573.400.450.500
C21.866.260.616.600.400
C21.866.915.300.490.450.500
C23.550.414.913.700.100
Hemorrhage and accumulation of blood in the subdural space associated with the acute onset of neurologic deficits, usually following CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA. Hematoma formation occurs most frequently over the lateral and superior aspects of a cerebral hemisphere, but may also occur in the posterior fossa and spinal canal. Clinical manifestations may include hemiparesis, SEIZURES, third nerve palsy (see OCULOMOTOR NERVE DISEASES), mental status changes, and COMA. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p886)
Previous indexing:
Hematoma, Subdural (1965-1999)
XHemorrhage, Subdural, Acute
XSubdural Hematoma, Acute
Hematoma, Subdural, Chronic
C10.228.140.300.535.450.400.750
C10.900.300.837.600.700
C14.907.253.573.400.450.750
C21.866.260.616.600.700
C21.866.915.300.490.450.750
C23.550.414.913.700.300
Chronic accumulation of blood in the subdural space, most frequently occurring over the lateral and superior aspects of a cerebral hemisphere. Clinical manifestations may be delayed for days to weeks, when affected individuals may present with confusion, drowsiness, hemiparesis, ATAXIA, APHASIA, and other signs of neurologic dysfunction. The condition tends to occur after the age of 50 years. It may be spontaneous, follow CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA, or occur in association with bleeding disorders, the use of anticoagulant medication, locally invasive tumors, and other disorders. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p887)
Previous indexing:
Hematoma, Subdural (1966-1999)
XHemorrhage, Subdural, Chronic
XSubdural Hematoma, Chronic
Hereditary Central Nervous System Demyelinating Diseases
C10.314.400+
C10.574.500.494
C16.466.400.393
Inherited conditions characterized by a loss of myelin in the central nervous system.
XCentral Nervous System Demyelinating Diseases, Hereditary
XDemyelinating Central Nervous System Diseases, Hereditary
XDemyelinating Diseases, Central Nervous System, Hereditary
Heredodegenerative Disorders, Nervous System
C10.574.500+
C16.466.400+
Inherited disorders characterized by progressive atrophy and dysfunction of anatomically or physiologically related neurologic systems.
See related
Hereditary Diseases
XDegenerative Disease, Nervous System, Hereditary
XDegenerative Hereditary Disorders, Nervous System
XHereditary Diseases, Neurodegenerative
XNervous System Diseases, Degenerative, Hereditary
XNeurodegenerative Diseases, Hereditary
Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins
D08.586.277.040.330.300.200+
D12.776.157.325.332+
D12.776.543.325+
HETEROTRIMERIC GTP-BINDING PROTEINS are GTP-BINDING PROTEINS that contain three non-identical subunits. They are found associated with members of the seven transmembrane domain superfamily of G-protein coupled receptors. Th G-alpha subunit acts as a signal transduction molecule when it binds GTP and dissociates from the heterotrimer. Hydrolysis of GTP by the inherent GTPase activity of the protein causes it to revert to its inactive (heterotrimeric) form. EC 3.6.1.-.
Previous indexing:
GTP-Binding Proteins (1985-1999)
Adenylate Cyclase (1968-1984)
Carrier Proteins (1966-1984)
Guanine Nucleotides (1966-1984)
Guanosine Triphosphate (1972-1984)
Receptors, Cell Surface (1973-1984)
XHeterotrimeric G-Proteins
Hyperargininemia
C10.228.140.163.474.100.375
C18.452.648.066.475
A rare autosomal recessive disorder of the urea cycle. It is caused by a deficiency of the hepatic enzyme type I ARGINASE. Arginine is elevated in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid, and periodic hyperammonemia may occur. Disease onset is usually in infancy or early childhood. Clinical manifestations include seizures, microcephaly, progressive mental impairment, hypotonia, ataxia, spastic diplegia, and quadriparesis. (From Hum Genet 1993 Mar;91(1):1-5; Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p51)
See related
Arginase
Previous indexing:
Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors (1966-1999)
XArginase Deficiency Disease
XArgininemia
Hyperglycinemia, Nonketotic
C10.228.140.163.474.100.400
C18.452.648.066.477
An autosomal recessive metabolic disorder caused by deficiencies in the mitochondrial GLYCINE cleavage system; an enzyme system with four components: P-, T-, H-, and L-proteins. Deficiency of the P-protein is the most prevalent form. Neonatal and juvenile presentations have been reported. Neonatal onset is more common and may be fatal. Clinical features include SEIZURES; hypotonia; APNEA; and COMA. When the illness presents in childhood there tends to be an associated progressive DEMENTIA accompanied by extrapyramidal signs. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p46; Jpn J Hum Genet 1997 Mar;42(1):13-22)
Previous indexing:
Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors (1966-1998)
XNonketotic Hyperglycinemia
Hypericum
B06.388.100.950.450
B06.560.450
Genus of perennial plants in the family Clusiaceae (Hypericaceae). Herbal and homeopathic preparations are used for depression, neuralgias, and a variety of other conditions. Contains FLAVONOIDS, GLYCOSIDES, mucilage, TANNINS, and volatile oils (OILS, ESSENTIAL).
Previous indexing:
Theales (1999)
Plants, Medicinal (1969-1998)
Plant Extracts (1965-1998)
XHypericum Perforatum
XSt. Johns Wort
Hyperlysinemias
C10.228.140.163.474.100.437
C18.452.648.066.544
A group of inherited metabolic disorders which have in common elevations of serum LYSINE levels. Enzyme deficiencies of alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde dehydrogenase and the SACCHAROPINE DEHYDROGENASES have been associated with hyperlysinemia. Clinical manifestations include mental retardation, recurrent emesis, hypotonia, lethargy, diarrhea, and developmental delay. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p56)
See related
Saccharopine Dehydrogenases
Previous indexing:
Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors (1965-1999)
Lysine/metabolism (1966-1999)
XAlpha-Aminoadipic Semialdehyde Deficiency Disease
XLysine Alpha-Ketoglutarate Reductase Deficiency Disease
XSaccharopine Dehydrogenase Deficiency Disease
Hypersomnolence, Idiopathic
C10.886.425.800.200.400
F03.870.400.800.200.400
A sleep disorder of central nervous system origin characterized by prolonged nocturnal sleep and periods of daytime drowsiness. Affected individuals experience difficulty with awakening in the morning and may have associated sleep drunkenness, automatic behaviors, and memory disturbances. This condition differs from narcolepsy in that daytime sleep periods are longer, there is no association with CATAPLEXY, and the multiple sleep latency onset test does not record sleep-onset rapid eye movement sleep. (From Chokroverty, Sleep Disorders Medicine, 1994, pp319-20; Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 1998 Apr:52(2):125-129)
Previous indexing:
Disorders of Excessive Somnolence (1975-1999)
XHypersomnolence, CNS, Idiopathic
XIdiopathic CNS Hypersomnolence
Hypertensive Encephalopathy
C10.228.140.631.500
C14.907.489.330.500
Brain dysfunction or damage resulting from MALIGNANT HYPERTENSION, usually associated with a diastolic blood pressure in excess of 125 mmHg. Clinical manifestations include headache, nausea, emesis, seizures, altered mental status (in some cases progressing to COMA), PAPILLEDEMA, and RETINAL HEMORRHAGE. Focal neurologic signs may develop. Pathologically, this condition may be associated with the formation of ischemic lesions in the brain (BRAIN ISCHEMIA).
Previous indexing:
Hypertension/complications (1966-1999)
XEncephalopathy, Hypertensive
Hyphomicrobium
B03.200.400
B03.660.050.280
A genus of rod-shaped, oval, or bean-shaped bacteria found in soil and fresh water. Polar prosthecae are present and cells reproduce by budding at the tips of the prosthecae. Cells of this genus are aerobic and grow best with one-carbon compounds. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)
Previous indexing:
Budding and Appendaged Bacteria (1998-1999)
Bacteria (1966-1997)
XHyphomicrobium methylovorum
Hypoglossal Nerve Diseases
C10.292.525
Diseases of the twelfth cranial (hypoglossal) nerve or nuclei. The nuclei and fascicles of the nerve are located in the medulla, and the nerve exits the skull via the hypoglossal foramen and innervates the muscles of the tongue. Lower brain stem diseases, including ischemia and MOTOR NEURON DISEASES may affect the nuclei or nerve fascicles. The nerve may also be injured by diseases of the posterior fossa or skull base. Clinical manifestations include unilateral weakness of tongue musculature and lingual dysarthria, with deviation of the tongue towards the side of weakness upon attempted protrusion.
See related
Cranial Nerve Injuries
Previous indexing:
Cranial Nerve Diseases (1981-1999)
Hypoglossal Nerve (1965-1980)
Peripheral Nervous System Diseases (1966-1980)
XCranial Nerve XII Diseases
XTwelfth Cranial Nerve Diseases
Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis
C05.651.701.450
C10.668.491.650.450
C18.452.648.618.711.550
An autosomal dominant familial disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of skeletal muscle weakness associated with falls in serum potassium levels. The condition usually presents in the first or second decade of life with attacks of trunk and leg paresis during sleep or shortly after awakening. Symptoms may persist for hours to days and generally are precipitated by exercise or a meal high in carbohydrates. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1483)
Previous indexing:
Hypokalemia/complications (1965-1999)
Paralyses, Familial Periodic (1965-1999)
XFamilial Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis
XPrimary Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis
Hypovolemia
C23.550.455
An abnormally low volume of blood circulating through the body. It may result in hypovolemic shock (see SHOCK).
See related
Blood Volume
Shock
Previous indexing:
Blood Volume (1966-1999)
Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain
C10.228.140.300.451+
C14.907.253.545+
A disorder characterized by a reduction in oxygen supply (HYPOXIA) combined with reduced blood flow (ISCHEMIA) to the brain. This condition may result from a localized obstruction of a cerebral artery or from systemic hypoperfusion. Prolonged hypoxia-ischemia is associated with ISCHEMIC ATTACK, TRANSIENT; BRAIN INFARCTION; BRAIN EDEMA; COMA; and other conditions.
See related
Anoxia
Previous indexing:
Cerebrovascular Disorders (1971-1999)
Anoxia (1971-1999)
XAnoxia-Ischemia, Brain
XAnoxia-Ischemia, Cerebral
XAnoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy
XBrain Anoxia-Ischemia
XBrain Hypoxia-Ischemia
XBrain Ischemia-Anoxia
XBrain Ischemia-Hypoxia
XCerebral Anoxia-Ischemia
XCerebral Hypoxia-Ischemia
XCerebral Ischemia-Anoxia
XCerebral Ischemia-Hypoxia
XHypoxia-Ischemia, Cerebral
XHypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy
XIschemia-Anoxia, Brain
XIschemia-Anoxia, Cerebral
XIschemia-Hypoxia, Brain
XIschemia-Hypoxia, Cerebral
XIschemic-Hypoxic Encephalopathy
Hysteroscopes
E07.230.220.390
E07.858.240.390
Endoscopes for examining the interior of the uterus.
Previous indexing:
Hysteroscopy/instrumentation (1990-1999)
Endoscopy/instrumentation (1979-1989)
Endoscopes (1998-1999)
XUteroscopes
Hysterotomy
E04.520.365
An incision in the uterus, performed through either the abdomen or the vagina.
Previous indexing:
Uterus/surgery (1966-1999)
I-kappa B
D12.776.260.420
Family of inhibitory proteins which bind to the rel family of transcription factors and modulate their activity. The transcription factor NF-KAPPA B is generally present in an inactive cytoplasmic form, bound to inhibitory IkB proteins. Cell stimulation causes its dissociation and translocation of active NF-kappa B to the nucleus.
See related
NF-kappa B
Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-rel
Previous indexing:
Proto-Oncogene Proteins (1993-1998)
DNA-Binding Proteins (1998-1999)
Infarction, Anterior Cerebral Artery
C10.228.140.300.301.200.200.400
C10.228.140.300.510.200.325
C14.907.253.337.375
C14.907.253.480.200.200.400
C14.907.253.560.200.325
An infarction in the vascular distribution of the anterior cerebral artery which supplies the majority of the medial surface of the cerebral hemispheres, and provides branches (including Heubner's artery) to the anterior limb of the internal capsule, head of the CAUDATE NUCLEUS, and anterior GLOBUS PALLIDUS. Clinical manifestations may include contralateral lower extremity weakness and sensory loss. Bilateral anterior cerebral artery infarctions are associated with abulia, PARAPLEGIA, and URINARY INCONTINENCE. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp789-93)
See related
Infarction
Previous indexing:
Cerebral Arterial Diseases (1967-1999)
Infarction (1966-1978)
Cerebral Infarction (1979-1999)
XAnterior Cerebral Artery Infarction
XAnterior Cerebral Artery Stroke
XHeubner Artery Infarction
XStroke, Anterior Cerebral Artery
Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery
C10.228.140.300.301.200.200.450
C10.228.140.300.510.200.387
C14.907.253.337.562
C14.907.253.480.200.200.450
C14.907.253.560.200.387
The formation of an area of coagulation necrosis in the vascular distribution of the middle cerebral artery secondary to ISCHEMIA. Clinical features include contralateral weakness and loss of sensation in the arm and face and a contralateral homonymous hemianopsia. Dominant hemisphere lesions may produce APHASIA, alexia, AGRAPHIA, acalculia, finger agnosia, and right-left confusion. Nondominant hemisphere lesions may produce unilateral neglect, dressing APRAXIA, anosognosia, and constructional apraxia. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p786)
See related
Infarction
Previous indexing:
Cerebral Infarction (1978-1999)
Infarction (1966-1978)
XCerebral Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery
XEmbolic Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery
XMiddle Cerebral Artery Embolus
XMiddle Cerebral Artery Infarction
XStroke, Middle Cerebral Artery
XThrombotic Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery
Infarction, Posterior Cerebral Artery
C10.228.140.300.301.200.200.475
C10.228.140.300.510.200.418
C14.907.253.337.656
C14.907.253.480.200.200.475
C14.907.253.560.200.418
Formation of an area of coagulation necrosis induced by ischemia in the vascular distribution of the posterior cerebral artery. This artery supplies portions of the MESENCEPHALON (see also BRAIN STEM INFARCTIONS) and thalamus, inferomedial TEMPORAL LOBE, and medial OCCIPITAL LOBE. Clinical manifestations vary with the size and location of infarction, but include a variety of midbrain and thalamic syndromes, HEMIANOPSIA, and behavioral syndromes related to memory and processing visual information. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp793-8)
See related
Infarction
Previous indexing:
Cerebral Arterial Diseases (1966-1999)
XEmbolic Infarction, Posterior Cerebral Artery
XPosterior Cerebral Artery Infarction
XStroke, Posterior Cerebral Artery
XThrombotic Infarction, Posterior Cerebral Artery
Internal Capsule
A08.186.211.730.885.435
A08.612.435
White matter pathway, flanked by nuclear masses, consisting of both afferent and efferent fibers projecting between the cerebral cortex and the brainstem. It consists of three distinct parts: an anterior limb, posterior limb, and genu.
Interstitial Collagenase
D08.586.277.656.300.480.205.410
D08.586.277.656.300.480.525.451
A member of the metalloproteinase family of enzymes that is principally responsible for cleaving fibrillar collagen. It can degrade interstitial collagens, types I, II and III. EC 3.4.24.7.
Previous indexing:
Collagenases (1991-1999)
XMatrix Metalloproteinase-1
XMMP-1
Intracranial Arterial Diseases
C10.228.140.300.510+
C14.907.253.560+
Conditions which affect the arteries of the brain, meninges, and intracranial portions of the cranial nerves. Relatively common disease processes in this category include: ATHEROSCLEROSIS; emboli; thrombosis (INTRACRANIAL EMBOLISM AND THROMBOSIS); VASCULITIS, CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM; CEREBROVASCULAR TRAUMA; vasospasm (VASOSPASM, INTRACRANIAL); INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS; and infections.
Previous indexing:
Cerebral Arterial Diseases/classification (1967-1999)
Cerebrovascular Disorders/complications (1965-1999)
XBrain Diseases, Arterial
Intracranial Embolism
C10.228.140.300.525.400
C14.907.253.378.300
C14.907.355.350.850.213.300
C14.907.355.830.850.213.300
Migration of foreign material to the intracranial components of the nervous system via arterial pathways. Emboli most frequently are of cardiac origin and are associated with ARRHYTHMIA; mural thrombi; ENDOCARDITIS, SUBACUTE BACTERIAL; HEART VALVE DISEASES; and HEART SEPTAL DEFECTS. Noncardiac sources include lesions of the aorta, carotid arteries, vertebral arteries, and intracranial arteries. Emboli may be composed of thrombosed platelets, atherosclerotic debris, fat, air, tumor cells, or infectious materials, and may cause CEREBRAL INFARCTION. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp824-6)
Previous indexing:
Intracranial Embolism and Thrombosis (1965-1999)
XBrain Embolism
XCerebral Embolism
XEmbolism, Brain
XEmbolism, Intracranial
Intracranial Hemorrhage, Hypertensive
C10.228.140.300.535.325
C14.907.253.573.350
Bleeding within the brain or adjacent structures which results from systemic HYPERTENSION, usually in association with INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOSCLEROSIS. Hypertensive hemorrhages are most frequent in the BASAL GANGLIA; CEREBELLUM; PONS; and THALAMUS; but may also involve the CEREBRAL CORTEX, subcortical white matter, and other brain structures.
Previous indexing:
Hypertension/complications (1972-1999)
Cerebral Hemorrhage (1966-1999)
Hypertension (1966-1999)
XCerebral Hemorrhage, Hypertensive
XHypertensive Hemorrhage, Intracranial
XIntracerebral Hemorrhage, Hypertensive
Intracranial Hemorrhage, Traumatic
C10.228.140.300.535.450+
C10.900.300.837+
C14.907.253.573.400+
C21.866.260.616+
C21.866.915.300.490+
Bleeding within the cranial vault induced by penetrating and nonpenetrating traumatic injuries, including hemorrhages into the epidural, subdural and subarachnoid spaces, cerebral hemispheres, DIENCEPHALON; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM.
Previous indexing:
Cerebral Hemorrhage (1966-1999)
XHemorrhage, Intracranial, Traumatic
XTraumatic Intracranial Hemorrhage
Intracranial Hemorrhages
C10.228.140.300.535+
C14.907.253.573+
C23.550.414.913+
Bleeding within the intracranial cavity, including hemorrhages in the brain and within the cranial epidural, subdural, and subarachnoid spaces.
Previous indexing:
Cerebral Hemorrhage (1966-1999)
XBrain Hemorrhage
XHemorrhage, Intracranial
Intracranial Thrombosis
C10.228.140.300.525.425
C14.907.253.378.350
C14.907.355.350.850.213.350
C14.907.355.830.850.213.350
Formation of a clot composed of platelets and fibrin within the lumen of an intracranial artery or vein, which may result in CEREBRAL INFARCTION. Arterial thrombosis is associated with INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOSCLEROSIS, but may also result from hypercoagulability states (see THROMBOPHILIA). Cerebral vein thrombosis is frequently complicated by INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES.
Previous indexing:
Intracranial Embolism and Thrombosis (1965-1999)
XBrain Thrombosis
XCerebral Thrombosis
XThrombosis, Brain
XThrombosis, Intracranial
Intralaminar Thalamic Nuclei
A08.186.211.730.385.826.701.460
Cell groups within the internal medullary lamina of the thalamus. They include a rostral division comprising the paracentral, central lateral, central dorsal, and central medial nuclei, and a caudal division composed of the centromedian and parafascicular nuclei.
Previous indexing:
Thalamic Nuclei (1971-1999)
Thalamus (1966-1970)
XCentral Dorsal Thalamic Nucleus
XCentral Lateral Thalamic Nucleus
XCentral Medial Thalamic Nucleus
XCentromedian Thalamic Nucleus
XIntralaminar Nuclear Group
XParacentral Thalamic Nucleus
XParafascicular Thalamic Nucleus
XReticulate Nuclei of Thalamus
XRostral Intralaminar Nuclei
Isaacs Syndrome
C05.651.392
C10.668.402
C10.668.829.425
A rare neuromuscular disorder with onset usually in late childhood or early adulthood, characterized by intermittent or continuous widespread involuntary muscle contractions; FASCICULATION; hyporeflexia; MUSCLE CRAMP; MUSCLE WEAKNESS; HYPERHIDROSIS; TACHYCARDIA; and MYOKYMIA. Involvement of pharyngeal or laryngeal muscles may interfere with speech and breathing. The continuous motor activity persists during sleep and general anesthesia (distinguishing this condition from STIFF-PERSON SYNDROME). Familial and acquired (primarily autoimmune) forms have been reported. (From Ann NY Acad Sci 1998 May 13;841:482-496; Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1491)
Previous indexing:
Fasciculation (1995-1999)
XMyokymia, Continuous
XNeuromyotonia
XPseudomyotonia
Islands of Calleja
A08.186.211.577.699.400
A08.186.211.730.885.440
A08.186.211.730.885.600.400
Discrete clusters of pyramidal and polymorphic cells in the caudal part of the anterior perforated substance. The morphology, connections, and neurotransmitters associated with these cells suggest they are part of the striatopallidal system.
Previous indexing:
Olfactory Pathways (1973-1999)
Jet Lag Syndrome
C10.886.425.200.500
F03.870.400.200.500
A chronobiologic disorder resulting from rapid travel across a number of time zones, characterized by insomnia or hypersomnolence, fatigue, behavioral symptoms, headaches, and gastrointestinal disturbances. (From Cooper, Sleep, 1994, pp593-8)
See related
Travel
Previous indexing:
Sleep Disorders (1974-1999)
XTime Zone Change Syndrome
Kava
B06.388.100.650
B06.560.530
Dried rhizome and roots of Piper methysticum, a shrub native to Oceania and known for its anti-anxiety and sedative properties. Heavy usage results in some adverse effects. It contains ALKALOIDS, LACTONES, kawain, methysticin, mucilage, STARCH, and yangonin. Kava is also the name of the pungent beverage prepared from the plant's roots.
Previous indexing:
Plants, Medicinal (1967-1999)
Plant Extracts (1967-1999)
XPiper methysticum
Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ
E04.540.590
A surgical procedure to correct MYOPIA. A microkeratome is used to make an incision of the corneal epithelium (EPITHELIUM, CORNEAL) creating a flap which is displaced. The underlying, exposed inner layer of the CORNEA is then reshaped with an excimer laser and the corneal epithelial flap is returned to its original position.
Previous indexing:
Cornea/surgery (1995-1999)
XLaser In Situ Keratomileusis
XLASIK
Ketorolac
D03.438.473.420.485
A pyrrolizine carboxylic acid derivative structurally related to INDOMETHACIN. It is an NSAID and is used principally for its analgesic activity. (From Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed)
Previous indexing:
Tolmetin/analogs & derivativ (1983-1999)
Ketorolac Tromethamine
D03.438.473.420.742
A pyrrolizine carboxylic acid derivative structurally related to INDOMETHACIN. It is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent used for analgesia for postoperative pain and inhibits cyclooxygenase activity.
Previous indexing:
Tolmetin/analogs & derivativ (1986-1999)
Tromethamine (1986-1999)
Kluver-Bucy Syndrome
C10.228.140.380.326
C10.228.140.646
F03.087.400.431
A neurobehavioral syndrome associated with bilateral medial temporal lobe dysfunction. Clinical manifestations include oral exploratory behavior; tactile exploratory behavior; hypersexuality; BULIMIA; MEMORY DISORDERS; placidity; and an inability to recognize objects or faces. This disorder may result from a variety of conditions, including CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; infections; ALZHEIMER DISEASE; PICK DISEASE OF THE BRAIN; and CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS.
Previous indexing:
Temporal Lobe (1966-1999)
Dementia (1966-1999)
XTemporal Lobectomy Behavior Syndrome
Korsakoff Syndrome
C10.597.606.525.400
C10.720.112.100.500
C21.613.705.150.100.500
C21.739.100.087.193.100.500
C23.888.592.604.529.400
F01.700.625.400
F03.087.200.125.500
F03.900.100.050.500
An acquired cognitive disorder characterized by inattentiveness and the inability to form short term memories. This disorder is frequently associated with chronic ALCOHOLISM; but it may also result from dietary deficiencies; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; NEOPLASMS; CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS; ENCEPHALITIS; EPILEPSY; and other conditions. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1139)
XKorsakoff Psychosis
XWernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome
Lafora Disease
C10.228.140.490.250.650.500
C10.574.500.529
C16.466.400.480
A form of stimulus sensitive myoclonic epilepsy inherited as an autosomal recessive condition. The most common presenting feature is a single seizure in the second decade of life. This is followed by progressive myoclonus, myoclonic seizures, tonic-clonic seizures, focal occipital seizures, intellectual decline, and severe motor and coordination impairments. Most affected individuals do not live past the age of 25 years. Concentric amyloid (Lafora) bodies are found in neurons, liver, skin, bone, and muscle (From Menkes, Textbook of Childhood Neurology, 5th ed, pp111-110)
Previous indexing:
Epilepsy (1966-1976)
Epilepsies, Myoclonic (1977-1999)
XEpilepsy, Progressive Myoclonic, Lafora
XProgressive Myoclonic Epilepsy, Lafora Type
Laparoscopes
E07.230.220.520
E07.858.240.520
Endoscopes for examining the interior of the abdomen.
Previous indexing:
Laparoscopy/instrumentation (1966-1999)
Endoscopes (1998-1999)
XCelioscopes
XPeritoneoscopes
Laryngoscopes
E07.230.220.525
E07.858.240.525
Endoscopes for examining the interior of the larynx.
Previous indexing:
Laryngoscopy/instrumentation (1966-1999)
Endoscopes (1998-1999)
Lateral Sinus Thrombosis
C10.228.140.300.525.669.562
C14.907.253.378.586.562
C14.907.355.350.850.213.669.562
C14.907.355.830.850.213.669.562
Infectious or noninfectious thrombosis of the lateral sinus of the brain. Septic thrombosis may be associated with OTITIS MEDIA or MASTOIDITIS. CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; BRAIN NEOPLASMS; NEUROSURGICAL PROCEDURES; THROMBOPHILIA; and other conditions may result in non-septic thrombosis. Clinical manifestations include headache, vertigo, and increased intracranial pressure. Extension of the thrombus into adjacent venous structures may result in INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES or SEIZURES. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1997, Ch23, pp60-8)
Previous indexing:
Sinus Thrombosis, Intracranial (1968-1999)
XSeptic Phlebitis, Lateral Sinus
XThrombosis, Lateral Sinus
Lateral Thalamic Nuclei
A08.186.211.730.385.826.701.485+
A narrow strip of cell groups on the dorsomedial surface of the thalamus. It includes the lateral dorsal nucleus, lateral posterior nucleus, and the PULVINAR.
Previous indexing:
Thalamic Nuclei (1971-1999)
XLateral Dorsal Thalamic Nucleus
XLateral Nuclear Group
XLateral Posterior Thalamic Nucleus
Lateral Ventricles
A08.186.211.276.650
Cavity in each of the cerebral hemispheres derived from the cavity of the embryonic neural tube. They are separated from each other by the SEPTUM PELLUCIDUM, and each communicates with the THIRD VENTRICLE by the foramen of Monro, through which also the choroid plexuses (CHOROID PLEXUS) of the lateral ventricles become continuous with that of the third ventricle.
Previous indexing:
Cerebral Ventricles (1965-1999)
Lawsonia
B03.440.520
B03.660.125.460
A genus of gram-negative, obligately intracellular bacteria causing a proliferative enteritis in animals, especially pigs, deer, horses, and rabbits.
Previous indexing:
Gram-Negative Bacteria (1996-1999)
XLawsonia intracellularis
Lead Poisoning, Nervous System
C10.720.475.400+
C21.613.589.500+
Injury to the nervous system secondary to exposure to lead compounds. Two distinct clinical patterns occur in children (LEAD POISONING, CHILDHOOD) and adults (LEAD POISONING, ADULT). In children, lead poisoning typically produces an encephalopathy. In adults, exposure to toxic levels of lead is associated with a peripheral neuropathy.
Previous indexing:
Lead Poisoning (1966-1999)
XLead-Induced Nervous System Diseases
XNervous System Diseases, Lead-Induced
XNervous System Poisoning, Lead
XNeurotoxicity Syndrome, Lead
XPlumbism, Nervous System
XPlumbism, Neurologic
XPoisoning, Lead, Nervous System
XPoisoning, Lead, Neurologic
Lead Poisoning, Nervous System, Adult
C10.720.475.400.350
C21.613.589.500.400
Neurologic conditions in adults associated with acute or chronic exposure to lead or any of its salts. The most common lead related neurologic syndrome in adults consists of a polyneuropathy involving motor fibers. This tends to affect distal nerves and may present as wrist drop due to RADIAL NEUROPATHY. Additional features of chronic lead exposure include ANEMIA; CONSTIPATION; colicky abdominal pain; a bluish lead line of the gums; interstitial nephritis (NEPHRITIS, INTERSTITIAL); and saturnine gout. An encephalopathy may rarely occur. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1212)
Previous indexing:
Lead Poisoning (1966-1999)
XLead Induced Nervous System Diseases, Adult
XLead Poisoning, Neurologic, Adult
XNervous System Diseases, Lead Induced, Adult
XNervous System Poisoning, Lead, Adult
XNervous System Toxicity, Lead, Adult
XNeurologic Saturnism, Adult
XNeurotoxicity Syndrome, Lead, Adult
XPlumbism, Neurologic, Adult
XPoisoning, Lead, Nervous System, Adult
XPoisoning, Lead, Neurologic, Adult
Lead Poisoning, Nervous System, Childhood
C10.720.475.400.700
C21.613.589.500.700
Neurologic disorders occurring in children following lead exposure. The most frequent manifestation of childhood lead toxicity is an encephalopathy associated with chronic ingestion of lead that usually presents between the ages of 1 and 3 years. Clinical manifestations include behavioral changes followed by lethargy; CONVULSIONS; HALLUCINATIONS; DELIRIUM; ATAXIA; and vomiting. Elevated intracranial pressure (HYPERTENSION, INTRACRANIAL) and CEREBRAL EDEMA may occur. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1210-2)
Previous indexing:
Lead Poisoning (1966-1999)
XLead Encephalopathy, Childhood
XLead Poisoning, Neurologic, Childhood
XLead-Induced Nervous System Disease, Childhood
XNervous System Disease, Lead-Induced, Childhood
XNervous System Poisoning, Lead, Childhood
XNeurologic Saturnism, Childhood
XNeurotoxicity Syndrome, Lead, Childhood
XPlumbism, Neurologic, Childhood
XPoisoning, Lead, Nervous System, Childhood
XPoisoning, Lead, Neurologic, Childhood
Leptin
D06.472.495
D12.644.337
A 16-kD peptide hormone secreted from white adipocytes and implicated in the regulation of food intake and energy balance. Leptin provides the key afferent signal from fat cells in the feedback system that controls body fat stores.
Previous indexing:
Proteins (1995-1999)
XOb Protein
XObese Protein
Lewy Body Disease
C10.228.140.079.862.400
C10.228.140.380.422
C10.228.662.600.200
C10.574.531
F03.087.400.512
A neurodegenerative disease characterized by dementia, mild parkinsonism, and fluctuations in attention and alertness. The neuropsychiatric manifestations tend to precede the onset of bradykinesia, MUSCLE RIGIDITY, and other extrapyramidal signs. DELUSIONS and visual HALLUCINATIONS are relatively frequent in this condition. Histologic examination reveals LEWY BODIES in the CEREBRAL CORTEX and BRAIN STEM. SENILE PLAQUES and other pathologic features characteristic of ALZHEIMER DISEASE may also be present. (From Neurology 1997;48:376-380; Neurology 1996;47:1113-1124)
See related
Lewy Bodies
Previous indexing:
Parkinson Disease (1977-1999)
Alzheimer Disease (1979-1999)
Parkinson Disease, Secondary (1984-1999)
XDementia, Lewy Body
XDiffuse Lewy Body Disease
Limbic Encephalitis
C04.588.614.550.450
C04.730.856.437
C10.228.140.430.525
C10.228.228.245.700
C10.574.781.550
A paraneoplastic syndrome marked by degeneration of neurons in the medial temporal lobe. Clinical features include behavioral changes, HALLUCINATIONS, loss of short term memory, anosmia, AGEUSIA, and DEMENTIA. Circulating anti-neuronal antibodies (anti-Hu; also called ANNA 1) and small cell lung carcinomas are frequently associated with this condition. (From Pathologe 1997 Sep;18(5):406-10; J Int Neuropsychol Soc 1996 Sep;2(5):460-6; Brain 1997 Jun;120(Pt 6):923-8)
Previous indexing:
Limbic System/pathology (1968-1999)
Dementia/etiology (1968-1999)
Encephalitis/complications (1969-1999)
Carcinoma, Small Cell/complications (1982-1999)
Paraneoplastic Syndromes (1980-1999)
XParaneoplastic Limbic Encephalitis
Lupus Vasculitis, Central Nervous System
C10.114.875.350
C10.228.140.300.850.250
C10.228.140.430.550.500
C10.228.228.245.550.500
C10.228.228.507.850.500
C10.228.228.553.450
C10.228.566.500.500
C14.907.253.946.350
C14.907.940.907.350
C17.300.480.750
C20.111.258.962.400
C20.111.590.750
Disorders of the brain and spinal cord that are associated with LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, SYSTEMIC. Clinical manifestations may include neurobehavioral dysfunction; SEIZURES; cranial neuropathies (see CRANIAL NERVE DISEASES); hypothalamic dysfunction; focal motor deficits; MYELITIS, TRANSVERSE, and other disorders. Pathologic features include multiple microinfarctions involving the CEREBRAL CORTEX; DIENCEPHALON; and BRAIN STEM (see also BRAIN INFARCTION). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp858-9)
Previous indexing:
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic (1965-1999)
XCentral Nervous System Lupus Vasculitis
XNeuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Lyme Neuroborreliosis
C01.252.200.450
C01.252.400.155.569.600
C01.252.400.825.480.700
C01.252.847.193.569.600
C10.228.228.180.437
Nervous system infections caused by tick-borne spirochetes of the Borrelia burgdorferi group. The disease may affect elements of the central or peripheral nervous system in isolation or in combination. Common clinical manifestations include a lymphocytic meningitis, cranial neuropathy (most often a facial neuropathy), POLYRADICULOPATHY, and a mild loss of memory and other cognitive functions. Less often more extensive inflammation involving the central nervous system (encephalomyelitis) may occur. In the peripheral nervous system, B. burgdorferi infection is associated with mononeuritis multiplex and polyradiculoneuritis. (From J Neurol Sci 1998 Jan 8;153(2):182-91)
Previous indexing:
Lyme Disease (1984-1999)
Encephalitis, Tick-Borne (1979-1983)
XCentral Nervous System Lyme Disease
XNervous System Lyme Borreliosis
XNeuroborreliosis, Borrelia burgdorferi
XPeripheral Nervous System Lyme Disease
Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell
C04.557.386.480.300.725.500
C04.557.386.480.450.725.500
C04.557.386.480.700.725.500
C15.604.515.569.480.300.725.500
C15.604.515.569.480.450.725.500
C15.604.515.569.480.700.725.500
C20.683.515.761.480.300.725.500
C20.683.515.761.480.450.725.500
C20.683.515.761.480.700.725.500
A rare form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma having a usually diffuse pattern with both small and medium lymphocytes and small cleaved cells. It accounts for about 5% of adult non-Hodgkin lymphomas in the United States and Europe. The majority of mantle-cell lymphomas are associated with a t(11;14) translocation resulting in overexpression of the cyclin D1 gene (GENES, BCL-1).
See related
Cyclin D1
Genes, bcl-1
Previous indexing:
Lymphoma, B-Cell (1992-1999)
Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin (1992-1999)
XLymphocytic Lymphoma, Diffuse, Poorly-Differentiated
XLymphoma, Centrocytic Small-Cell
XLymphoma, Lymphocytic, Diffuse, Intermediate Differentiated
XLymphoma, Lymphocytic, Diffuse, Poorly-Differentiated
XLymphoma, Lymphocytic, Intermediate
XLymphoma, Small-Cell, Centrocytic
XMantle-Cell Lymphoma
XMantle-Zone Lymphoma
Lysosomal Storage Diseases, Nervous System
C10.228.140.163.474.475+
C18.452.648.595.519+
A group of enzymatic disorders affecting the nervous system and to a variable degree the skeletal system, lymphoreticular system, and other organs. The conditions are marked by an abnormal accumulation of catabolic material within lysosomes.
Previous indexing:
Sphingolipidoses (1974-1999)
Brain Diseases (1964-1999)
Lysosomes (1964-1999)
Lysosomal Storage Diseases (1992-1999)
XNervous System Lysosomal Storage Diseases
Manganese Poisoning
C10.720.475.500
C21.613.618
Manganese poisoning is associated with chronic inhalation of manganese particles by individuals who work with manganese ore. Clinical features include CONFUSION; HALLUCINATIONS; and an extrapyramidal syndrome (PARKINSON DISEASE, SECONDARY) that includes rigidity; DYSTONIA; retropulsion; and TREMOR. (Adams, Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1213)
See related
Parkinson Disease
Previous indexing:
Parkinson Disease (1966-1999)
Manganese (1966-1999)
XNervous System Diseases, Manganese-Induced
XNervous System Poisoning, Manganese
XNeurotoxicity Syndrome, Manganese
MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases
D08.586.913.696.620.682.700.559+
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinases (MAPKKKs) are serine-threonine protein kinases that initiate protein kinase signaling cascades. They phosphorylate MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE KINASES (MAPKKs) which in turn phosphorylate MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES (MAPKs).EC 2.7.10.-
See related
MAP Kinase Signaling System
Previous indexing:
Protein Kinases (1989-1999)
Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases (1993-1999)
Protein-Tyrosine Kinase (1989-1999)
XMAPK-ERK Kinase Kinases
XMAPKKKs
XMEK Kinases
XMEKKs
MAP Kinase Signaling System
D12.472.560
G04.335.880.560
G06.184.850.560
An intracellular signaling system involving the MAP kinase cascades (three-membered protein kinase cascades). Various upstream activators, which act in response to extracellular stimuli, trigger the cascades by activating the first member of a cascade, MAP KINASE KINASE KINASES (MAPKKKs). Activated MAPKKKs phosphorylate MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE KINASES which in turn phosphorylate the MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES (MAPKs). The MAPKs then act on various downstream targets to affect gene expression. In mammals, there are several distinct MAP kinase pathways including the ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) pathway, the SAPK/JNK (stress-activated protein kinase/c-jun kinase) pathway, and the p38 kinase pathway. There is some sharing of components among the pathways depending on which stimulus originates activation of the cascade.
See related
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases
Previous indexing:
C (2+)-Calmodulin Dependent Protein Kinase (1994-1999)
Protein Kinases (1989-1999)
Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases (1993-1999)
Protein-Tyrosine Kinase (1989-1999)
XMAP Kinase Cascade
XMAP Kinase Signaling Pathways
Matrilysin
D08.586.277.656.300.480.525.505
The smallest member of the MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES. It plays a role in tumor progression. EC 3.4.24.23.
Previous indexing:
Metalloendopeptidases (1992-1999)
XMatrix Metalloproteinase-7
XMMP-7
XPUMP-1
Matrix Metalloproteinases
D08.586.277.656.300.480.525+
A family of zinc-dependent METALLOENDOPROTEINASES that are involved in the degradation of EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX components. EC 3.4.24.-.
Previous indexing:
Metalloendopeptidases (1988-1999)
XMMPs
Maximum Tolerated Dose
E05.940.481
G12.626
The highest dose of a biologically active agent given during a chronic study that will not reduce an animal's longevity from effects other than carcinogenicity. (Lewis Dictionary of Toxicology, 1st ed)
XMaximal Tolerated Dose
XMaximally Tolerated Dose
Medetomidine
D03.383.374.521
An agonist of RECEPTORS, ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 that is used in veterinary medicine for its analgesic and sedative properties. It is the racemate of DEXMEDETOMIDINE.
Previous indexing:
Imidazoles (1986-1999)
Median Neuropathy
C10.668.829.500.500+
Disease involving the median nerve, from its origin at the BRACHIAL PLEXUS to its termination in the hand. Clinical features include weakness of wrist and finger flexion, forearm pronation, thenar abduction, and loss of sensation over the lateral palm, first three fingers, and radial half of the ring finger. Common sites of injury include the elbow, where the nerve passes through the two heads of the pronator teres muscle (pronator syndrome) and in the carpal tunnel (CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME).
Previous indexing:
Median Nerve (1967-1999)
XMedian Nerve Diseases
Mediastinoscopes
E07.230.220.565
E07.858.240.565
Endoscopes for examining tissue of the anterior superior mediastinum.
Previous indexing:
Mediastinoscopy/instrumentation (1974-1999)
Endoscopes (1998-1999)
Medicine, Kampo
E02.040.515.540.400
E02.040.515.660.600
I01.076.201.450.654.540.400
I01.076.201.450.654.660.600
System of herbal medicine practiced in Japan by both herbalists and practitioners of modern medicine. Kampo originated in China and is based on Chinese herbal medicine (MEDICINE, CHINESE TRADITIONAL).
See related
Medicine, Chinese Traditional
Previous indexing:
Medicine, Chinese Traditional (1994-1999)
XKampo Medicine
Mediodorsal Thalamic Nucleus
A08.186.211.730.385.826.701.490
The largest of the medial nuclei of the thalamus. It makes extensive connections with most of the other thalamic nuclei.
Previous indexing:
Thalamic Nuclei (1974-1999)
Thalamus (1967-1973)
XDorsal Medial Nucleus
XDorsomedial Thalamic Nucleus
XMedial Dorsal Nucleus
Meningitis, Escherichia coli
C01.252.200.500.400
C01.252.400.310.330.500
C10.228.228.180.500.350
C10.228.228.507.280.350
A form of gram-negative meningitis that tends to occur in neonates, in association with anatomical abnormalities (which feature communication between the meninges and cutaneous structures) or as OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS in association with IMMUNOLOGIC DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES. In premature neonates the clinical presentation may be limited to ANOREXIA; VOMITING; lethargy; or respiratory distress. Full-term infants may have as additional features FEVER; SEIZURES; and bulging of the anterior fontanelle. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp398-400)
Previous indexing:
Meningitis, Bacterial (1966-1999)
XEscherichia coli Meningitis
Mercury Poisoning, Nervous System
C10.720.475.600+
C21.613.647.500+
Neurologic disorders associated with exposure to inorganic and organic forms of MERCURY. Acute intoxication may be associated with gastrointestinal disturbances, mental status changes, and PARAPARESIS. Chronic exposure to inorganic mercury usually occurs in industrial workers, and manifests as mental confusion, prominent behavioral changes (including psychosis), DYSKINESIAS, and NEURITIS. Alkyl mercury poisoning may occur through ingestion of contaminated seafood or grain, and its characteristic features include POLYNEUROPATHY; ATAXIA; vision loss; NYSTAGMUS; and DEAFNESS. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1997, Ch20, pp10-15)
Previous indexing:
Mercury Poisoning (1966-1999)
XMercurialism, Nervous System
XMercurialism, Neurologic
XMercury Encephalopathy
XMercury-Induced Nervous System Diseases
XMinamata Disease
XNervous System Diseases, Mercury-Induced
XNervous System Poisoning, Mercury
XNeurotoxicity Syndrome, Mercury
XPoisoning, Mercury, Nervous System
XPoisoning, Mercury, Neurologic
Metencephalon
A08.186.211.132.810.428+
The anterior part of the rhombencephalon, comprising the CEREBELLUM and the PONS. (Dorland, 28th ed)
Previous indexing:
Pons (1987-1999)
Methylobacillus
B03.440.400.425.485
B03.660.075.490
A genus of short, aerobic, gram-negative rods which are obligate methylotrophs, growing on one-carbon compounds other than methane. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)
XMethylobacillus flagellatum
Methylobacterium
B03.440.400.425.490+
B03.660.050.520+
A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, facultatively methylotrophic rods occurring singly or occasionally in rosettes. Members of this genus are usually motile and are isolated from soil, dust, fresh water, lake sediments, leaf surfaces, rice, air, and hospital environments. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)
Previous indexing:
Methylococcaceae (1998-1999)
Gram-Negative Aerobic Bacteria (1992-1997)
Methylococcaceae (1977-1991)
Methylobacterium extorquens
B03.440.400.425.490.150
B03.660.050.520.150
A species of METHYLOBACTERIUM which can utilize acetate, ethanol, or methylamine as a sole carbon source. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)
Previous indexing:
Gram-Negative Aerobic Bacteria (1989-1999)
Methylococcus
B03.440.400.425.500.500+
B03.660.250.500.500+
A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, spherical cells usually occurring in pairs. The resting stage is considered a cyst. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)
Previous indexing:
Methylococcaceae (1978-1999)
Methylococcus capsulatus
B03.440.400.425.500.500.100
B03.660.250.500.500.100
A species of METHYLOCOCCUS which forms capsules and is capable of autotrophic carbon dioxide fixation. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)
Previous indexing:
Methylococcaceae (1978-1999)
Gram-Negative Aerobic Bacteria (1976-1977)
Bacteria (1969-1975)
Methylomonas
B03.440.400.425.500.505
B03.660.250.500.505
A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, straight, curved, or branched rods which are motile by a single polar flagellum. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)
Previous indexing:
Methylococcaceae (1976-1999)
Methylophilus
B03.440.400.425.525+
B03.660.075.500+
A genus of straight or slightly curved gram-negative rods occurring singly or in pairs and isolated from sludge, mud, and river and pond water. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)
Methylophilus methylotrophus
B03.440.400.425.525.500
B03.660.075.500.500
A species of METHYLOPHILUS which is motile by single flagella. In addition to growth on methanol as a sole carbon source, growth also occurs on glucose. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)
Previous indexing:
Gram-Negative Aerobic Rods and Cocci (1998-1999)
Gram-Negative Bacteria (1992-1997)
Methylosinus
B03.440.540+
B03.660.050.525+
A genus of gram-negative rods which form exospores and are obligate methanotrophs.
Previous indexing:
Methylococcaceae (1975-1999)
Methylosinus trichosporium
B03.440.540.500
B03.660.050.525.750
A species of METHYLOSINUS which is capable of degrading trichloroethylene and other organic pollutants.
Mibefradil
D03.438.103.618
D04.615.638.960.585
A benzimidazoyl-substituted tetraline that binds selectively to and inhibits CALCIUM CHANNELS, T-TYPE.
Previous indexing:
Benzimidazoles (1989-1999)
Tetrahydronaphthalenes (1989-1999)
Microfibrils
A11.470.310.500
Components of the extracellular matrix consisting primarily of fibrillin. They are essential for the integrity of elastic fibers.
Microscopic Angioscopy
E01.370.370.560
The noninvasive microscopic examination of the microcirculation, commonly done in the nailbed or conjunctiva. In addition to the capillaries themselves, observations can be made of passing blood cells or intravenously injected substances. This is not the same as endoscopic examination of blood vessels (ANGIOSCOPY).
Previous indexing:
Angioscopy (1993-1999)
XCapillaroscopy
Microscopy, Scanning Probe
E01.370.350.510.510.530+
E05.595.402.541.530+
Electron microscopy in which a very sharp probe is employed in close proximity to a surface, exploiting a particular surface-related property. When this property is local topography, the method is atomic force microscopy (MICROSCOPY, ATOMIC FORCE), and when it is local conductivity, the method is scanning tunneling microscopy (MICROSCOPY, SCANNING TUNNELING).
Previous indexing:
Microscopy, Atomic Force (1999)
XScanning Probe Microscopy
Middle Cerebral Artery
A07.231.114.228.550
The largest and most complex of the cerebral arteries. Branches of the middle cerebral artery supply the insular region, motor and premotor areas, and large regions of the association cortex.
Previous indexing:
Cerebral Arteries (1966-1999)
XCerebral Artery, Middle
Midline Thalamic Nuclei
A08.186.211.730.385.826.701.500
Small, nonspecific nerve cells scattered in the periventricular gray matter, separating the medial part of the thalamus from the ependyma of the third ventricle. The group includes the paraventricular nucleus, paratenial nucleus, reuniens nucleus, rhomboidal nucleus, and subfascicular nucleus.
Previous indexing:
Thalamic Nuclei (1971-1999)
XMidline Nuclear Group
XParatenial Thalamic Nucleus
XParaventricular Thalamic Nucleus
XPeriventricular Nuclei of Thalamus
XReuniens Thalamic Nucleus
XRhomboid Thalamic Nucleus
XSubfascicular Thalamic Nucleus
Milk Thistle
B06.388.100.100.525
B06.560.595
The plant Silybum marianum in the family ASTERACEAE containing the bioflavonoid complex silymarin. For centuries this has been used traditionally to treat liver disease.
Previous indexing:
Plants, Medicinal (1968-1999)
XSilybum marianum
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases
D08.586.913.696.620.682.700.565
A serine-threonine protein kinase family whose members are components in protein kinase cascades activated by diverse stimuli. These MAPK kinases phosphorylate MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES and are themselves phosphorylated by MAP KINASE KINASE KINASES. JNK kinases (also known as SAPK kinases) are a subfamily. EC 2.7.10.-
See related
MAP Kinase Signaling System
Previous indexing:
Protein Kinases (1989-1999)
Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases (1993-1999)
Protein-Tyrosine Kinase (1989-1999)
XMAP Kinase Kinases
XMAPK Kinases
XMAPK-ERK Kinases
XMAPKKs
XMEKs
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
D08.586.913.696.620.682.700.567+
A superfamily of PROTEIN-SERINE-THREONINE KINASES that are activated by diverse stimuli via protein kinase cascades. They are the final components of the cascades, activated by phosphorylation by MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE KINASES which in turn are activated by mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinases (MAP KINASE KINASE KINASES). Families of these mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) include extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs), stress-activated protein kinases (SAPKs) (also known as c-jun terminal kinases (JNKs)), and p38-mitogen-activated protein kinases. EC 2,7,1.-
See related
MAP Kinase Signaling System
Previous indexing:
C (2+)-Calmodulin Dependent Protein Kinase (1994-1999)
Protein Kinases (1989-1999)
Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases (1993-1999)
Protein-Tyrosine Kinase (1989-1999)
XExtracellular Signal-Regulated Kinases
XERK MAP Kinases
Mobius Syndrome
C10.292.300.825
C16.131.077.578
C16.614.595
A syndrome of congenital facial paralysis, frequently associated with abducens palsy and other congenital abnormalities including lingual palsy, clubfeet, brachial disorders, cognitive deficits, and pectoral muscle defects. Pathologic findings are variable and include brain stem nuclear aplasia, facial nerve aplasia, and facial muscle aplasia, consistent with a multifactorial etiology. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1020)
See related
Facial Paralysis
Previous indexing:
Facial Paralysis (1966-1999)
Moclobemide
D02.065.277.600
D02.241.223.100.120.600
A reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase type A (RIMA) (see MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS) that has antidepressive properties.
Previous indexing:
Benzamides (1982-1999)
Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins
D08.586.277.040.330.300.400+
D12.776.157.325.515+
A class of monomeric, low molecular weight (20-25 kDa) GTP-binding proteins that regulate a variety of intracellular processes. The GTP bound form of the protein is active and limited by its inherent GTPase activity, which is controlled by an array of GTPase activators, GDP dissociation inhibitors, and guanine nucleotide exchange factors. EC 3.6.1.-.
Previous indexing:
GTP-Binding Proteins (1997-1999)
Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins (1985-1996)
Xras-Related GTPases
XG-Proteins, Monomeric
XGTP-Binding Proteins, Monomeric
XMonomeric G-Proteins
XSmall G-Proteins
XSmall GTPases
Mononeuropathies
C10.668.829.500+
Disease or trauma involving a single peripheral nerve in isolation, or out of proportion to evidence of diffuse peripheral nerve dysfunction. Mononeuropathy multiplex refers to a condition characterized by multiple isolated nerve injuries. Mononeuropathies may result from a wide variety of causes, including ISCHEMIA; traumatic injury; compression; CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISEASES; CUMULATIVE TRAUMA DISORDERS; and other conditions.
Previous indexing:
Peripheral Nervous System Diseases (1968-1999)
XMononeuritis
XMononeuropathy Multiplex
Morganella
B03.440.450.425.500+
B03.660.250.150.500+
A genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, straight rods which are motile by peritrichous flagella. These organisms are chemoorganotrophic and have both a respiratory and fermentative type of metabolism. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)
Previous indexing:
Enterobacteriaceae (1974-1999)
Morganella morganii
B03.440.450.425.500.500
B03.660.250.150.500.500
A species of MORGANELLA formerly classified as a Proteus species. It is found in the feces of humans, dogs, other mammals, and reptiles. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)
Previous indexing:
Enterobacteriaceae (1988-1999)
Proteus (1975-1987)
MPTP Poisoning
C10.228.140.079.862.800.300
C10.228.662.600.700.250
C10.720.606
C21.613.705.400
A condition caused by the neurotoxin 1-METHYL-4-PHENYL-1,2,3,6-TETRAHYDROPYRIDINE (MPTP) which causes selective destruction of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. Clinical features include irreversible parkinsonian signs including rigidity and bradykinesia (PARKINSON DISEASE, SECONDARY). MPTP toxicity is also used as an animal model for the study of PARKINSON DISEASE. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1072; Neurology 1986 Feb;36(2):250-8)
Previous indexing:
Parkinson Disease, Secondary (1983-1999)
1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine/poisoning (1990-1999)
XMPTP Neurotoxicity Syndrome
Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive
C10.114.375.500.200
C10.314.350.500.200
C20.111.258.250.500.200
A form of multiple sclerosis characterized by a progressive deterioration in neurologic function which is in contrast to the more typical relapsing remitting form. If the clinical course is free of distinct remissions, it is referred to as primary progressive multiple sclerosis. When the progressive decline is punctuated by acute exacerbations, it is referred to as progressive relapsing multiple sclerosis. The term secondary progressive multiple sclerosis is used when relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis evolves into the chronic progressive form. (From Ann Neurol 1994;36 Suppl:S73-S79; Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp903-914)
Previous indexing:
Multiple Sclerosis (1973-1999)
XChronic Progressive Multiple Sclerosis
XMultiple Sclerosis, Progressive Relapsing
XMultiple Sclerosis, Remittent Progressive
Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting
C10.114.375.500.600
C10.314.350.500.600
C20.111.258.250.500.600
The most common clinical variant of MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, characterized by recurrent acute exacerbations of neurologic dysfunction followed by partial or complete recovery. Common clinical manifestations include loss of visual (see OPTIC NEURITIS), motor, sensory, or bladder function. Acute episodes of demyelination may occur at any site in the central nervous system, and commonly involve the optic nerves, spinal cord, brain stem, and cerebellum. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp903-914)
See related
Myelitis, Transverse
Previous indexing:
Multiple Sclerosis (1978-1999)
XMultiple Sclerosis, Acute Relapsing
XRelapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis
Muscular Disorders, Atrophic
C05.651.141+
C10.668.103+
C10.668.491.175+
Disorders characterized by an abnormal reduction in muscle volume due to a decrease in the size or number of muscle fibers. Atrophy may result from diseases intrinsic to muscle tissue (e.g., MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY) or secondary to PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES that impair innervation to muscle tissue (e.g., MUSCULAR ATROPHY, SPINAL).
See related
Muscular Atrophy
Previous indexing:
Muscular Atrophy (1966-1999)
XAtrophy, Disuse
XAtrophy, Muscular, Spinobulbar
XAtrophy, Spinopontine
XMuscular Atrophy, Spinobulbar
XSpinobulbar Muscular Atrophy
Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne
C05.651.141.500.300
C10.574.500.542.125
C10.668.491.175.500.300
C16.466.400.530.125
An X-linked recessive muscle disease caused by an inability to synthesize DYSTROPHIN, which is involved with maintaining the integrity of the sarcolemma. Muscle fibers undergo a process that features degeneration and regeneration. Clinical manifestations include proximal weakness in the first few years of life, pseudohypertrophy, cardiomyopathy (see MYOCARDIAL DISEASES), and an increased incidence of impaired mentation. Becker muscular dystrophy is a closely related condition featuring a later onset of disease (usually adolescence) and a slowly progressive course. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1415)
See related
Dystrophin
Previous indexing:
Muscular Dystrophies (1966-1999)
XBecker Muscular Dystrophy
XDuchenne Muscular Dystrophy
XMuscular Dystrophy, Becker
XMuscular Dystrophy, Pseudohypertrophic
Muscular Dystrophy, Emery-Dreifuss
C05.651.141.500.350
C10.574.500.542.250
C10.668.491.175.500.350
C16.466.400.530.250
An X-linked recessive muscular dystrophy that may present in children or adults. The disease is characterized by a clinical triad: (1) CONTRACTURE of the elbows, ACHILLES TENDON, and posterior cervical muscles; (2) slowly progressive muscle atrophy and weakness; and (3) a cardiomyopathy usually presenting as an atrioventricular block (HEART BLOCK). The weakness initially affects the upper arm and chest muscles, followed by pelvic and leg muscle paresis. Sudden death (DEATH, SUDDEN, CARDIAC) may occur as the result of the cardiac conduction defect. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1419; Curr Opin Neurol 1997;10(5):421-425)
Previous indexing:
Muscular Dystrophies (1966-1999)
XEmery-Dreifuss Syndrome
Muscular Dystrophy, Facioscapulohumeral
C05.651.141.500.400
C10.574.500.542.500
C10.668.491.175.500.400
C16.466.400.530.500
An autosomal dominant degenerative muscle disease characterized by slowly progressive weakness of the muscles of the face, upper-arm, and shoulder girdle. The onset of symptoms usually occurs in the first or second decade of life. Affected individuals usually present with impairment of upper extremity elevation. This tends to be followed by facial weakness, primarily involving the orbicularis oris and orbicuaris oculi muscles. (Neuromuscul Disord 1997;7(1):55-62; Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1420)
Previous indexing:
Muscular Dystrophies (1966-1999)
XFacioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy
XLandouzy-Dejerine Dystrophy
Myasthenia Gravis, Experimental Autoimmune
C10.114.400.350
C10.114.656.300
C10.668.758.725.300
C20.111.258.270.350
C20.111.258.500.300
Any autoimmune animal disease model used in the study of MYASTHENIA GRAVIS. Injection with purified neuromuscular junction acetylcholine receptor (AChR) (see RECEPTORS, CHOLINERGIC) components results in a myasthenic syndrome that has acute and chronic phases. The motor endplate pathology, loss of acetylcholine receptors, presence of circulating anti-AChR antibodies, and electrophysiologic changes make this condition virtually identical to human myasthenia gravis. Passive transfer of AChR antibodies or lymphocytes from afflicted animals to normals induces passive transfer experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1997, Ch 54, p3)
Previous indexing:
Myasthenia Gravis (1968-1999)
Autoimmune Diseases (1969-1999)
XMyasthenia Gravis, Autoimmune Experimental
XPassive Transfer Experimental Autoimmune Myasthenia Gravis
Myasthenia Gravis, Neonatal
C10.114.656.650
C10.668.758.725.650
C20.111.258.500.650
A disorder of neuromuscular transmission that occurs in a minority of newborns born to women with myasthenia gravis. Clinical features are usually present at birth or develop in the first 3 days of life and consist of hypotonia and impaired respiratory, suck, and swallowing abilities. This condition is associated with the passive transfer of acetylcholine receptor antibodies through the placenta. In the majority of infants the myasthenic weakness resolves (i.e., transient neonatal myasthenia gravis) although this disorder may rarely continue beyond the neonatal period (i.e., persistent neonatal myasthenia gravis). (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p823; Neurology 1997 Jan;48(1):50-4)
Previous indexing:
Myasthenia Gravis (1965-1999)
XAntenatal Myasthenia Gravis
XNeonatal Myasthenia Gravis
Myasthenic Syndromes, Congenital
C10.668.758.800
A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by a congenital defect in neuromuscular transmission at the NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION. This includes presynaptic, synaptic, and postsynaptic disorders (that are not of autoimmune origin). The majority of these diseases are caused by mutations of various subunits of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (RECEPTORS, NICOTINIC) on the postsynaptic surface of the junction. (From Arch Neurol 1999 Feb;56(2):163-7)
See related
Myasthenia Gravis
Previous indexing:
Myasthenia Gravis/congenital (1970-1999)
XMyasthenic Syndromes, Congenital, Slow Channel
Myoclonic Epilepsies, Progressive
C10.228.140.490.250.650+
A heterogeneous group of primarily familial disorders characterized by myoclonic seizures, tonic-clonic seizures, ataxia, progressive intellectual deterioration, and neuronal degeneration. These include LAFORA DISEASE; MERRF SYNDROME; NEURONAL CEROID-LIPOFUSCINOSIS; sialidosis (see MUCOLIPIDOSES), and UNVERRICHT-LUNDBORG SYNDROME.
Previous indexing:
Epilepsy (1965-1999)
Epilepsies, Myoclonic (1977-1999)
Myoclonus (1968-1999)
XAction Myoclonus-Renal Failure Syndrome
XBiotin-Responsive Encephalopathy
XDentatorubral-Pallidoluysian Atrophy
XMay-White Syndrome
Myoclonic Epilepsy, Juvenile
C10.228.140.490.250.300
A disorder characterized by the onset of myoclonus in adolescence, a marked increase in the incidence of absence seizures (see EPILEPSY, ABSENCE), and generalized major motor seizures (see EPILEPSY, TONIC-CLONIC). The myoclonic episodes tend to occur shortly after awakening. Seizures tend to be aggravated by sleep deprivation and alcohol consumption. Hereditary and sporadic forms have been identified. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p323)
Previous indexing:
Epilepsy, Absence (1975-1999)
Myoclonus (1975-1999)
Epilepsies, Myoclonic (1977-1999)
XEpilepsy, Myoclonic, Juvenile
XImpulsive Petit Mal, Janz
XJanz Syndrome
XJuvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy
Myokymia
C10.597.613.650
C23.888.592.608.650
Successive and rapid contractions of motor units associated with chronic nerve injury. The discharges arise from the peripheral aspects of regenerating nerves, and clinically impart a nearly continuous undulation of the body surface overlying the muscle. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1491)
Previous indexing:
Fasciculation (1985-1999)
Myopathies, Structural, Congenital
C05.651.575+
C10.668.491.350+
A heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by the early onset of hypotonia, developmental delay of motor skills, non-progressive weakness. Each of these disorders is associated with a specific histologic muscle fiber abnormality.
Previous indexing:
Neuromuscular Diseases (1976-1999)
Muscular Atrophy (1976-1999)
XCentronuclear Myopathy
XCongenital Fiber Type Disproportion
XMyopathy, Myotubular
XTubular Aggregate Myopathy
Myopathy, Central Core
C05.651.575.300
C10.668.491.350.300
An inherited congenital myopathic condition characterized by weakness and hypotonia in infancy and delayed motor development. Muscle biopsy reveals a condensation of myofibrils and myofibrillar material in the central portion of each muscle fiber. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1452)
Previous indexing:
Muscular Atrophy (1963-1999)
Muscles/enzymology (1963-1999)
XCentral Core Myopathy
XShy-Magee Syndrome
Myotonic Disorders
C05.651.662+
C10.668.491.606+
Diseases characterized by MYOTONIA, which may be inherited or acquired. Myotonia may be restricted to certain muscles (e.g., intrinsic hand muscles) or occur as a generalized condition. These disorders may be associated with abnormal muscle SODIUM CHANNEL and CHLORIDE CHANNELS. MYOTONIC DYSTROPHY and MYOTONIA CONGENITA represent two relatively common forms of this disorder. Proximal myotonic myopathy often presents with myotonia and muscle pain in early adulthood and later in life thigh muscle weakness and cataracts develop. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1392)
Previous indexing:
Myotonic Dystrophy (1965-1999)
XMyopathies, Myotonic
XMyotonia Fluctuans
XMyotonic Myopathy, Proximal
XParamyotonia Congenita
Nerve Growth Factor
D11.303.611.437
D12.776.641.600.437
D24.185.348.686.437
NERVE GROWTH FACTOR is the first of a series of neurotrophic factors that were found to influence the growth and differentiation of sympathetic and sensory neurons. It is comprised of alpha, beta, and gamma subunits. The beta subunit is responsible for its growth stimulating activity.
Previous indexing:
Nerve Growth Factors (1980-1999)
Nerve Growth Factor (1966-1979)
XNerve Growth Factor alpha Subunit
XNerve Growth Factor beta Subunit
XNerve Growth Factor gamma Subunit
XNerve Growth Factor 1
XNGF
Neuregulins
D11.303.611.550+
D11.303.615+
D12.644.390+
D12.776.641.600.550+
D24.185.348.686.550+
D24.185.348.693+
A family of peptides originally found as factors that stimulate the phosphorylation of the erbB-2 receptor (RECEPTORS, ERBB-2). Multiple variant forms of NEUREGULINS occur due to alternative splicing of their mRNAs. The NEUREGULINS include products from the three known genes (NGR1, NGR2 and NGR3).
See related
Receptor, erbB-2
Previous indexing:
Glycoproteins (1986-1999)
XNRG Proteins
Neuroaspergillosis
C01.703.078.537
C10.228.228.198.750
Infections of the nervous system caused by fungi of the genus ASPERGILLUS, most commonly ASPERGILLUS FUMIGATUS. Aspergillus infections may occur in immunocompetent hosts, but are more prevalent in individuals with IMMUNOLOGIC DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES. The organism may spread to the nervous system from focal infections in the lung, mastoid region, sinuses, inner ear, bones, eyes, gastrointestinal tract, and heart. Sinus infections may be locally invasive and enter the intracranial compartment, producing MENINGITIS, FUNGAL; cranial neuropathies; and abscesses in the frontal lobes of the brain. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1998, Ch 27, pp62-3)
See related
Cranial Nerve Diseases
Previous indexing:
Aspergillosis (1966-1999)
Neurocutaneous Syndromes
C10.562+
C16.131.077.350.712
C16.131.831.350.712
C17.800.827.800.350.712
A group of disorders characterized by ectodermal-based malformations and neoplastic growths in the skin, nervous system, and other organs.
Previous indexing:
Abnormalities, Multiple (1966-1999)
Nervous System Diseases (1967-1999)
Skin Diseases (1967-1999)
XNeuroectodermal Dysplasia Syndromes
XPhacomatosis
XPhakomatoses
Neurolinguistic Programming
F02.463.425.575
F02.694.550
F02.784.629.529.550
F04.096.586.550
H01.770.461.395.642.550
H01.770.461.695.550
L01.143.506.598.628.550
A set of models of how communication impacts and is impacted by subjective experience. Techniques are generated from these models by sequencing of various aspects of the models in order to change someone's internal representations. Neurolinguistic programming is concerned with the patterns or programming created by the interactions among the brain, language, and the body, that produce both effective and ineffective behavior.
See related
Psychotherapy
Neuromuscular Junction Diseases
C10.668.758+
Conditions characterized by impaired transmission of impulses at the NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION. This may result from disorders that affect receptor function, pre- or postsynaptic membrane function, or ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE activity. The majority of diseases in this category are associated with autoimmune, toxic, or inherited conditions.
Previous indexing:
Neuromuscular Junction (1966-1999)
Neuromuscular Manifestations
C10.597.613+
C23.888.592.608+
Signs and symptoms associated with diseases of the muscle, neuromuscular junction, or peripheral nerves.
XMuscle Disease Manifestations
Neuroschistosomiasis
C03.105.250.600
C03.335.865.859.213
C10.228.228.205.250.600
SCHISTOSOMIASIS of the brain, spinal cord, or meninges caused by infections with trematodes of the genus SCHISTOSOMA (primarily SCHISTOSOMA JAPONICUM; SCHISTOSOMA MANSONI; and SCHISTOSOMA HAEMATOBIUM in humans). S. japonicum infections of the nervous system may cause an acute meningoencephalitis or a chronic encephalopathy. S. mansoni and S. haematobium nervous system infections are associated with acute transverse myelitis involving the lower portions of the spinal cord. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1998, Ch27, pp61-2)
Previous indexing:
Schistosomiasis (1965-1999)
XSchistosomal Myelopathy
XSchistosomiasis, Central Nervous System
Neurotoxicity Syndromes
C10.720+
C21.613.705+
Neurologic disorders caused by exposure to toxic substances through ingestion, injection, cutaneous application, or other method. This includes conditions caused by biologic, chemical, and pharmaceutical agents.
XPoisoning, Nervous System
Neutrophil Collagenase
D08.586.277.656.300.480.205.615
D08.586.277.656.300.480.525.615
A member of the MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES that cleaves triple-helical collagens types I, II, and III. EC 3.4.24.34.
Previous indexing:
Collagenases (1992-1999)
XFibroblast Collagenase
XMatrix Metalloproteinase-8
XMMP-8
Neutrophil Infiltration
G04.610.857
The diffusion or accumulation of neutrophils in tissues or cells in response to a wide variety of substances released at the sites of inflammatory reactions.
See related
Chemotaxis, Leukocyte
Leukemic Infiltration
Previous indexing:
Neutrophils (1969-1999)
XNeutrophil Recruitment
Night Terrors
C10.886.659.635.600
F03.870.664.635.600
A disorder characterized by incomplete arousals from sleep associated with behavior suggesting extreme fright. This condition primarily affects children and young adults and the individual generally has no recall of the event. Episodes tend to occur during stage III or IV. SOMNAMBULISM is frequently associated with this condition. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p391)
Previous indexing:
Sleep Disorders (1969-1999)
XPavor Nocturnus
XSleep Terrors
Nocturnal Myoclonus Syndrome
C10.886.425.800.600
C10.886.659.618
Excessive periodic leg movements during sleep that cause micro-arousals and interfere with the maintenance of sleep. This condition induces a state of relative sleep deprivation which manifests as excessive daytime hypersomnolence. The movements are characterized by repetitive contractions of the tibialis anterior muscle, extension of the toe, and intermittent flexion of the hip, knee and ankle. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p387)
Previous indexing:
Myoclonus (1966-1999)
Movement Disorders (1966-1999)
XPeriodic Limb Movement Disorder
XPeriodic Movement Disorder, Sleep
XSleep Disorder, Periodic Movements
XSleep Myoclonus Syndrome
Nocturnal Paroxysmal Dystonia
C10.886.659.627
F03.870.664.627
A parasomnia characterized by paroxysmal episodes of choreoathetotic, ballistic, dystonic movements, and semipurposeful activity. The episodes occur during non-rapid eye movement sleep and typically recur several times per night. (Neurology 1992 Jul;42(7 Suppl 6):61-67; Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p391)
Previous indexing:
Dystonia (1981-1999)
Sleep Disorders (1981-1999)
XDystonia, Nocturnal, Paroxysmal
XHypnogenic Paroxysmal Dystonia
XSleep-Related Dystonia
Nunavut
Z01.107.567.176.614
A self-governing territory formed from the central and eastern portions of the Northwest Territories. It was officially established April 1, 1999. The capital is Iqaluit.
Nystagmus, Congenital
C10.292.562.675.300
C11.590.400.300
C16.614.643
Nystagmus present at birth or caused by lesions sustained in utero or at the time of birth. It is usually pendular, and is associated with ALBINISM and conditions characterized by early loss of central vision. Inheritance patterns may be X-linked, autosomal dominant, or recessive. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p275)
Previous indexing:
Nystagmus, Pathologic (1966-1999)
Ochrobactrum anthropi
B03.440.400.425.580
B03.660.050.565
A species of gram-negative, obligately aerobic rods. Motility occurs by peritrichous flagella. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)
Olfactory Nerve Diseases
C10.292.650+
Diseases of the first cranial (olfactory) nerve, which usually feature anosmia or other alterations in the sense of smell and taste. Anosmia may be associated with NEOPLASMS; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM INFECTIONS; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; inherited conditions; toxins; METABOLIC DISEASES; tobacco abuse; and other conditions. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp229-31)
See related
Cranial Nerve Injuries
Craniocerebral Trauma
Olfaction Disorders
Previous indexing:
Cranial Nerve Diseases (1981-1999)
Olfaction Disorders (1963-1999)
Olfactory Nerve (1963-1999)
XCranial Nerve I Diseases
XFirst Cranial Nerve Diseases
omega-Agatoxin IVA
D24.185.926.640.650
D24.185.965.065.870.650
A neuropeptide toxin from the venom of the funnel web spider, Agelenopsis aperta. It inhibits CALCIUM CHANNELS, P-TYPE by altering the voltage-dependent gating so that very large depolarizations are needed for channel opening. It also inhibits CALCIUM CHANNELS, Q-TYPE.
Previous indexing:
Spider Venoms (1992-1999)
Xomega-Aga-IVA
omega-Conotoxin GVIA
D24.185.926.580.590.162.720.700
D24.185.926.640.195.720.700
D24.185.965.590.162.720.700
A neurotoxic peptide, which is a cleavage product (VIa) of the omega-Conotoxin precursor protein contained in venom from the marine snail, Conus geographus. It is an antagonist of CALCIUM CHANNELS, N-TYPE.
Previous indexing:
Mollusk Venoms (1984-1993)
Peptides (1994-1999)
omega-Conotoxins
D24.185.926.580.590.162.720+
D24.185.926.640.195.720+
D24.185.965.590.162.720+
A family of structurally related neurotoxic peptides from mollusk venom that inhibit voltage-activated entry of calcium into the presynaptic membrane. They selectively inhibit N-, P-, and Q-type calcium channels.
Previous indexing:
Mollusk Venoms (1989-1996)
Peptides (1992-1999)
Oncogene Proteins v-myb
D12.776.677.520.750.903
D12.776.964.700.750.903
D12.776.964.775.750.903
Transforming proteins coded by myb oncogenes. Transformation of cells by v-myb in conjunction with v-ets is seen in the avian E26 leukemia virus.
Previous indexing:
Retroviridae Proteins, Oncogenic (1990-1999)
Retroviridae Proteins (1986-1989)
Xmyb Oncogene Proteins
Xp48(v-myb)
Xv-myb Proteins
Oncogene Proteins v-rel
D12.776.677.520.750.925
D12.776.964.700.750.925
D12.776.964.775.750.925
Transforming proteins coded by rel oncogenes. The v-rel protein competes with rel-related proteins and probably transforms cells by acting as a dominant negative version of c-rel. This results in the induction of a broad range of leukemias and lymphomas.
See related
Genes, rel
Previous indexing:
Retroviridae Proteins, Oncogenic (1990-1999)
Retroviridae Proteins (1988-1989)
Oncogene Proteins, Viral (1986-1987)
Xpp59(v-rel)
Xrel Oncogene Proteins
Xv-rel Proteins
XOncogene Protein pp59(v-rel)
Oncogene Proteins v-sis
D12.776.677.520.750.935
D12.776.964.700.750.935
D12.776.964.775.750.935
Transforming proteins coded by sis oncogenes. Transformation of cells by v-sis is related to its interaction with the PDGF receptor and also its ability to alter other transcription factors.
See related
Genes, sis
Previous indexing:
Retroviridae Proteins, Oncogenic (1990-1999)
Retroviridae Proteins (1986-1989)
Viral Proteins (1983-1985)
Xp28(v-sis)
Xsis Oncogene Proteins
Xv-sis Proteins
XOncogene Protein p28(v-sis)
Optic Nerve Glioma
C04.557.465.625.600.380.080.667
C04.557.465.625.600.380.795
C04.557.470.670.380.080.667
C04.557.470.670.380.795
C04.557.580.625.600.380.080.667
C04.557.580.625.600.380.795
C04.588.614.300.600.600
C04.588.614.596.240.240.500
C10.292.225.800.500
C10.292.700.500.500
C10.551.360.500.500
C11.640.544.500
Glial cell derived tumors arising from the optic nerve, usually presenting in childhood. Roughly 50% are associated with NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 1. Clinical manifestations include decreased visual acuity; EXOPHTHALMOS; NYSTAGMUS; STRABISMUS; pallor or swelling of the optic disc; and INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION. The tumor may extend into the optic chiasm and hypothalamus. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p681)
Previous indexing:
Glioma (1966-1997)
Optic Nerve Neoplasms (1998-1999)
Orbital Neoplasms (1966-1999)
XAstrocytoma, Malignant, Optic Nerve
XGlioma, Optic Nerve
XMalignant Astrocytoma, Optic Nerve
Optic Nerve Injuries
C10.292.262.750
C10.292.700.475
C10.900.300.218.550
C11.640.530
C21.866.260.237.650
C21.866.915.300.400.650
Injuries to the optic nerve induced by a trauma to the face or head. These may occur with closed or penetrating injuries. Relatively minor compression of the superior aspect of orbit may also result in trauma to the optic nerve. Clinical manifestations may include visual loss, PAPILLEDEMA, and an afferent pupillary defect.
See related
Craniocerebral Trauma
Previous indexing:
Optic Nerve (1969-1975)
Optic Nerve Diseases (1976-1999)
XOptic Nerve Trauma
XOptic Neuropathy, Traumatic
XSecond Cranial Nerve Trauma
Organizers, Embryonic
A16.254.650
The regions within an embryo that control development and differentiation. In AMPHIBIA, the organizer forms at the dorsal-most lip of the blastopore during gastrulation and is named after its discoverer, Hans Spemann.
See related
Embryonic Induction
Previous indexing:
Embryonic Induction (1990-1999)
XEmbryonic Organizers
XHensen Node
XSpemann Organizer
Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase Deficiency Disease
C10.228.140.163.474.100.650
C18.452.648.066.729
An inherited urea cycle disorder associated with deficiency of the enzyme ORNITHINE CARBAMOYLTRANSFERASE, transmitted as a sex-linked trait and featuring elevations of amino acids and ammonia in the serum. Clinical features, which are more prominent in males, include seizures, behavioral alterations, episodic vomiting, lethargy, and coma. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp49-50)
See related
Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase
Previous indexing:
Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase/deficiency (1966-1999)
XOrnithine Transcarbamylase Deficiency Disease
Oxalobacter formigenes
B03.440.425.410.580
B03.660.075.590
A species of the genus Oxalobacter consisting of straight or curved gram-negative rods with rounded ends. Cells are nonmotile, nonsporing, and use oxalate as the only source of carbon and energy, with formate and carbon dioxide as end products. They are isolated from lake sediments and from the rumen or large bowel of humans and animals. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)
Previous indexing:
Gram-Negative Anaerobic Bacteria (1996-1999)
Pancrelipase
D08.586.277.352.100.400.745
D24.185.893.500.745
A preparation of hog pancreatic enzymes standardized for lipase content.
Previous indexing:
Lipase (1980-1999)
Pancreatic Extracts (1980-1999)
Pancreatin (1970-1979)
Pantoea
B03.440.450.595
B03.660.250.540
A genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, straight rods which are motile by peritrichous flagella. Most strains produce a yellow pigment. This organism is isolated from plant surfaces, seeds, soil, and water, as well as from animals and human wounds, blood, and urine. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)
XPantoea agglomerans
Papilloma, Choroid Plexus
C04.588.614.250.195.205.200.500
C10.228.140.211.280.300.500
C10.551.240.250.200.200.500
A usually benign neoplasm that arises from the cuboidal epithelium of the choroid plexus and takes the form of an enlarged CHOROID PLEXUS, which may be associated with oversecretion of CSF. The tumor usually presents in the first decade of life with signs of increased intracranial pressure including HEADACHES; ATAXIA; DIPLOPIA; and alterations of mental status. In children it is most common in the lateral ventricles and in adults it tends to arise in the fourth ventricle. Malignant transformation to choroid plexus carcinomas may rarely occur. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p667; DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2072)
Previous indexing:
Cerebral Ventricle Neoplasms (1966-1993)
Glioma (1994-1999)
XChoroid Plexus Papilloma
Parahippocampal Gyrus
A08.186.211.577.710+
A08.186.211.730.885.213.863.648+
A convolution on the inferior surface of each cerebral hemisphere, lying between the hippocampal and collateral sulci. (Dorland, 28th ed)
Previous indexing:
Hippocampus (1969-1999)
XGyrus Hippocampi
XGyrus Parahippocampalis
XHippocampal Gyrus
Paralysis, Hyperkalemic Periodic
C05.651.701.600
C10.668.491.650.600
C18.452.648.618.711.600
An autosomal dominant familial disorder which presents in infancy or childhood and is characterized by episodes of weakness associated with hyperkalemia. During attacks, muscles of the lower extremities are initially affected, followed by the lower trunk and arms. Episodes last from 15-60 minutes and typically occur after a period of rest following exercise. A defect in skeletal muscle sodium channels has been identified as the cause of this condition. Normokalemic periodic paralysis is a closely related disorder marked by a lack of alterations in potassium levels during attacks of weakness. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1481)
See related
Hyperkalemia
Previous indexing:
Paralyses, Familial Periodic (1966-1999)
XHyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis
XMyotonic Periodic Paralysis
XParalysis, Periodic, Hyperkalemic, Familial
Paraneoplastic Cerebellar Degeneration
C04.588.614.550.650
C04.730.856.650
C10.228.140.252.620
C10.574.781.700
Cerebellar degeneration associated with a remote neoplasm. Clinical manifestations include progressive limb and GAIT ATAXIA; DYSARTHRIA; and NYSTAGMUS. The histologic type of the associated neoplasm is usually carcinoma or lymphoma. Pathologically the cerebellar cortex and subcortical nuclei demonstrate diffuse degenerative changes. Anti-Purkinje cell antibodies (anti-Yo) are found in the serum of approximately 50% of affected individuals. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p686)
Previous indexing:
Paraneoplastic Syndromes (1980-1999)
Cerebellar Ataxia (1975-1999)
XCerebellar Degeneration, Paraneoplastic
XParaneoplastic Cerebellar Degeneration, Anti-Yo-Associated
Paraneoplastic Polyneuropathy
C04.588.614.550.700
C04.730.856.700
C10.574.781.850
C10.668.829.800.662
A diffuse or multifocal peripheral neuropathy related to the remote effects of a neoplasm, most often carcinoma or lymphoma. Pathologically, there are inflammatory changes in peripheral nerves. The most common clinical presentation is a symmetric distal mixed sensorimotor polyneuropathy. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1334)
Previous indexing:
Neoplasms/complications (1967-1999)
Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/etiology (1968-1999)
Paraneoplastic Syndromes (1980-1999)
XNeuropathy, Paraneoplastic
XParaneoplastic Peripheral Neuropathy
XPeripheral Neuropathy, Paraneoplastic
XPolyneuropathy, Paraneoplastic
Paraneoplastic Syndromes, Nervous System
C04.588.614.550+
C04.730.856+
C10.574.781+
Degenerative or inflammatory conditions affecting the central or peripheral nervous system that develop in association with a systemic neoplasm without direct invasion by tumor. They may be associated with circulating antibodies that react with the affected neural tissue. (Intern Med 1996 Dec;35(12):925-9)
Previous indexing:
Neoplasms (1966-1999)
Neurologic Manifestations (1966-1999)
Paraneoplastic Syndromes (1980-1999)
XOpsoclonus-Myoclonus Syndrome
XParaneoplastic Autonomic Dysfunction
XParaneoplastic Encephalomyelitis
Paraparesis
C10.597.636.500+
C23.888.592.643.500+
Mild to moderate loss of bilateral lower extremity motor function, which may be a manifestation of SPINAL CORD DISEASES; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; MUSCULAR DISEASES; INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION; parasagittal brain lesions; and other conditions.
Previous indexing:
Paralysis (1967-1999)
Paresis (1967-1999)
Paraparesis, Spastic
C10.597.636.500.500
C23.888.592.643.500.500
Mild or moderate loss of motor function accompanied by SPASTICITY in the lower extremities. This condition is a manifestation of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES that cause injury to the motor cortex or descending motor pathways.
Previous indexing:
Paraparesis (1966-1999)
XSpastic Paraparesis
Parasomnias
C10.886.659+
F03.870.664+
Movements or behaviors associated with sleep, sleep stages, or partial arousals from sleep that may impair sleep maintenance. Parasomnias are generally divided into four groups: arousal disorders, sleep-wake transition disorders, parasomnias of REM sleep, and nonspecific parasomnias. (From Thorpy, Sleep Disorders Medicine, 1994, p191)
Previous indexing:
Sleep Disorders (1979-1999)
Somnambulism (1979-1980)
XNeonatal Sleep Myoclonus, Benign
XSleep Drunkenness
Parkinsonian Disorders
C10.228.140.079.862+
C10.228.662.600+
A group of disorders which feature impaired motor control characterized by bradykinesia, MUSCLE RIGIDITY; TREMOR, and postural instability. Parkinsonian diseases are generally divided into primary parkinsonism (see PARKINSON DISEASE), secondary parkinsonism (see PARKINSON DISEASE, SECONDARY) and inherited forms. These conditions are associated with dysfunction of dopaminergic or closely related motor integration neuronal pathways in the BASAL GANGLIA.
See related
Striatonigral Degeneration
Previous indexing:
Parkinson Disease (1966-1999)
XFamilial Juvenile Parkinsonism
XParkinsonian Syndrome
XParkinsonism
XParkinsonism, Experimental
XParkinsonism, Juvenile
XRamsay Hunt Paralysis Syndrome
Pathological Conditions, Anatomical
C23.300+
An abnormal structural condition of the human body, usually macroscopic, that is common to a variety of different diseases.
Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Disease
C10.314.400.775
A rare, slowly progressive disorder of myelin formation. Subtypes are referred to as classic, congenital, transitional, and adult forms of this disease. The classic form is X-chromosome linked, has its onset in infancy and is associated with a mutation of the proteolipid protein gene. Clinical manifestations include TREMOR, spasmus nutans, roving eye movements, ATAXIA, spasticity, and NYSTAGMUS. Death occurs by the third decade of life. The congenital form has similar characteristics but presents early in infancy and features rapid disease progression. Transitional and adult subtypes have a later onset and less severe symptomatology. Pathologic features include patchy areas of demyelination with preservation of perivascular islands (trigoid appearance). (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p190)
See related
Myelin Proteolipid Protein
Previous indexing:
Diffuse Cerebral Sclerosis of Schilder (1966-1999)
Multiple Sclerosis (1966-1999)
XCockayne-Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Disease
Peptide Elongation Factor G
D08.586.277.040.330.300.100.200
D12.776.157.325.150.200
D12.776.835.700.350.200
Peptide Elongation Factor G catalyzes the translocation of peptidyl-tRNA from the A to the P site of bacterial ribosomes by a process linked to hydrolysis of GTP to GDP.
Previous indexing:
Peptide Elongation Factors (1980-1999)
XfusA Gene Product
XfusA Protein
XElongation Factor G
XEF-G
Pericardiocentesis
E01.450.865.632.600.620
E02.800.550.620
E04.100.376.745
E04.581.620
E04.928.220.620
Surgical puncture of the pericardial cavity for the aspiration of fluid. (Dorland, 28th ed)
Previous indexing:
Drainage (1965-1999)
Punctures (1969-1999)
Pericardial Effusion/therapy (1966-1999)
Perimeningeal Infections
C10.228.228.709+
Infectious processes, including abscesses, effusions, and empyemas which occur in the epidural or subdural spaces surrounding the brain and spinal cord.
Perindopril
D03.438.473.766
An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is used in patients with hypertension and heart failure.
Previous indexing:
Indoles (1985-1999)
Peroneal Neuropathies
C10.668.829.500.600
Disease involving the common PERONEAL NERVE or its branches, the deep and superficial peroneal nerves. Lesions of the deep peroneal nerve are associated with PARALYSIS of dorsiflexion of the ankle and toes and loss of sensation from the web space between the first and second toe. Lesions of the superficial peroneal nerve result in weakness or paralysis of the peroneal muscles (which evert the foot) and loss of sensation over the dorsal and lateral surface of the leg. Traumatic injury to the common peroneal nerve near the head of the FIBULA is a relatively common cause of this condition. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1995, Ch51, p31)
See related
Leg Injuries
Previous indexing:
Paralysis/etiology (1966-1999)
Sciatic Nerve (1966-1999)
Peripheral Nervous System Diseases (1966-1999)
XNeuropathy, Common Peroneal
XNeuropathy, Deep Peroneal
XNeuropathy, Superficial Peroneal
Peroxisomes
A11.368.702.515.600
Microbodies which occur in animal and plant cells and in certain fungi and protozoa. They contain peroxidase, catalase, and allied enzymes. (From Singleton and Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2nd ed)
See related
Peroxisomal Disorders
Peroxisome Proliferators
Previous indexing:
Microbodies (1975-1999)
Photography, Intraoral
E01.370.350.600.632
E05.712.632
E06.342.600
Techniques utilizing VIDEO RECORDING or still photography to visualize the inside of the mouth, especially the teeth.
Previous indexing:
Photography (1969-1999)
XIntraoral Photography
Photophobia
C10.597.751.941.661
C11.966.741
C23.888.592.763.941.661
Abnormal sensitivity to light. This may occur as a manifestation of EYE DISEASES; MIGRAINE; SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE; MENINGITIS; and other disorders. Photophobia may also occur in association with DEPRESSION and other MENTAL DISORDERS.
Previous indexing:
Vision Disorders (1968-1999)
Eye Diseases (1968-1999)
XLight Sensitivity
Photorhabdus
B03.440.600
B03.660.250.560
A genus of gram-negative bacteria existing symbiotically with nematodes of the family Heterorhabditidae (see RHABDITOIDEA). These nematodes infect a variety of soil-dwelling insects. Upon entering an insect host, the nematode releases Photorhabdus from its intestinal tract and the bacterium establishes a lethal septicemia in the insect.
Previous indexing:
Enterobacteriaceae (1994-1999)
XPhotorhabdus luminescens
Pick Disease of the Brain
C10.228.140.380.615
F03.087.400.675
A rare form of DEMENTIA that is sometimes familial. Clinical features include APHASIA; APRAXIA; CONFUSION; ANOMIA; memory loss; and personality deterioration. This pattern is consistent with the pathologic findings of circumscribed atrophy of the poles of the FRONTAL LOBE and TEMPORAL LOBE. Neuronal loss is maximal in the HIPPOCAMPUS, entorhinal cortex, and AMYGDALA. Some ballooned cortical neurons contain argentophylic (Pick) bodies. (From Brain Pathol 1998 Apr;8(2):339-54; Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1057-9)
Previous indexing:
Dementia (1966-1999)
XCircumscribed Lobar Atrophy of the Brain
XLobar Atrophy (Brain)
Plasma Kallikrein
D08.586.277.656.300.760.442.700
A peptidohydrolytic enzyme that is formed from PREKALLIKREIN by FACTOR XIIA. It activates FACTOR XII, FACTOR VII, and PLASMINOGEN. It is selective for both ARGININE and to a lesser extent LYSINE bonds. EC 3.4.21.34.
Previous indexing:
Kallikreins (1965-1999)
Polyethylene
D02.455.326.271.665.550.500
D25.720.716.507.500
A vinyl polymer made from ethylene. It can be branched or linear. Branched or low-density polyethylene is tough and pliable but not to the same degree as linear polyethylene. Linear or high-density polyethylene has a greater hardness and tensile strength. Polyethylene is used in a variety of products, including implants and prostheses.
Previous indexing:
Polyethylenes (1983-1999)
Polypropylenes (1983-1999)
Polymers (1978-1982)
XHigh-Density Polyethylene
XHDPE
XPolythene
Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
G05.414.615.800
A single nucleotide variation in a genetic sequence that occurs at appreciable frequency in the population.
Previous indexing:
Polymorphism (Genetics) (1991-1999)
XSingle Nucleotide Polymorphism
XSNPs
Polyproteins
D12.776.775+
Proteins which are synthesized as a single polymer and then cleaved into several distinct proteins.
Polyradiculoneuropathy, Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating
C10.114.750.175
C10.314.750.300
C10.668.829.800.750.600
C20.111.258.750.200
A slowly progressive autoimmune demyelinating disease of peripheral nerves and nerve roots. Clinical manifestations include weakness and sensory loss in the extremities and enlargement of peripheral nerves. The course may be relapsing-remitting or demonstrate a step-wise progression. Protein is usually elevated in the spinal fluid and cranial nerves are typically spared. GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME features a relatively rapid progression of disease which distinguishes it from this condition. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1337)
Previous indexing:
Polyradiculopathy (1975-1999)
XCIDP
Posterior Cerebral Artery
A07.231.114.228.700
Artery formed by the bifurcation of the BASILAR ARTERY. Branches of the posterior cerebral artery supply portions of the OCCIPITAL LOBE, PARIETAL LOBE, inferior temporal gyrus, brainstem, and CHOROID PLEXUS.
Previous indexing:
Cerebral Arteries (1966-1999)
XCerebral Artery, Posterior
Posterior Horn Cells
A08.186.854.610+
A08.663.650.675+
A11.671.650.675+
Neurons in the posterior (dorsal) horn of the spinal cord whose cell bodies and processes are confined entirely to the central nervous system. They receive collateral or direct terminations of dorsal root fibers. They send their axons either directly to ANTERIOR HORN CELLS or to the white matter ascending and descending longitudinal fibers.
Previous indexing:
Spinal Cord (1967-1999)
XDorsal Horn Cells
XDorsal Horn Neurons
XNeurons, Dorsal Horn
XNeurons, Posterior Horn
Posterior Thalamic Nuclei
A08.186.211.730.385.826.701.700
A transitional diencephalic zone of the thalamus consisting of complex and varied cells lying caudal to the ventral posterolateral nucleus, medial to the rostal part of the pulvinar, and dorsal to the medial geniculate body. It contains the limitans, posterior, suprageniculate, and submedial nuclei.
Previous indexing:
Thalamic Nuclei (1973-1999)
XLimitans Nucleus
XPosterior Nucleus of Thalamus
XSubmedial Nucleus
XSuprageniculate Thalamic Nucleus
Proctoscopes
E07.230.220.260.680
E07.858.240.260.680
Endoscopes for visual examination of the rectum and anus.
Previous indexing:
Proctoscopy (1979-1999)
Proctoscopy/instrumentation (1966-1999)
Prosopagnosia
C10.597.606.762.100.650
C23.888.592.604.764.100.650
F01.700.750.100.650
The inability to recognize a familiar face or to learn to recognize new faces. This visual agnosia is most often associated with lesions involving the junctional regions between the temporal and occipital lobes. The majority of cases are associated with bilateral lesions, however unilateral damage to the right occipito-temporal cortex has also been associated with this condition. (From Cortex 1995 Jun;31(2):317-29)
Previous indexing:
Agnosia (1967-1999)
Vision Disorders (1967-1999)
XAgnosia for Faces
XFacial Recognition Agnosia
Protein Renaturation
G06.184.807
The reconstitution of a protein's activity following denaturation.
Previous indexing:
Protein Folding (1993-1999)
Protein Conformation (1971-1999)
XRenaturation, Protein
Protein Structure, Quaternary
G06.184.580.709.550
The characteristic 3-dimensional shape and arrangement of multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).
See related
Macromolecular Systems
Previous indexing:
Protein Conformation (1972-1999)
Macromolecular Systems (1966-1999)
XQuaternary Protein Structure
Proteobacteria
B03.660+
A class of bacteria consisting of the purple bacteria and their relatives which form a branch of the eubacterial tree. This group of predominantly gram-negative bacteria is classified based on homology of equivalent nucleotide sequences of 16S ribosomal RNA or by hybridization of ribosomal RNA or DNA with 16S and 23S ribosomal RNA.
Proteome
D12.776.817
The protein complement of an organism coded for by its genome.
See related
Genome
Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myb
D12.776.260.759
D12.776.818.661
D12.776.930.653
Cellular DNA-binding proteins encoded by the myb gene (GENES, MYB). They are expressed in a wide variety of cells including thymocytes and lymphocytes, and regulate cell differentiation. Overexpression of myb is associated with autoimmune diseases and malignancies.
See related
Genes, myb
Previous indexing:
Proto-Oncogene Proteins (1986-1999)
Trans-Activators (1990-1999)
Xc-myb Proteins
Xmyb Proto-Oncogene Proteins
Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-rel
D12.776.260.765
D12.776.660.767
D12.776.818.780
D12.776.930.656
Cellular DNA-binding proteins encoded by the rel gene (GENES, REL). They are expressed predominately in hematopoietic cells and may play a role in lymphocyte differentiation. Rel frequently combines with other related proteins (NF-KAPPA B, I-kappa B, relA) to form heterodimers that regulate transcription. Rearrangement or overexpression of c-rel can cause tumorigenesis.
See related
Genes, rel
I-kappa B
Previous indexing:
Proto-Oncogene Proteins (1988-1999)
Xc-rel Proteins
Xp68(c-rel)
Xrel Proto-Oncogene Proteins
Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis
D11.303.780.650
D12.644.725.650
D12.776.124.625.650
D12.776.260.767
D12.776.818.784
D24.185.348.740.650
Cellular DNA-binding proteins encoded by the sis gene (GENES, SIS). c-sis proteins make up the B chain of PLATELET-DERIVED GROWTH FACTOR. Overexpression of c-sis causes tumorigenesis.
See related
Genes, sis
Previous indexing:
Proto-Oncogene Proteins (1987-1999)
Platelet-Derived Growth Factor (1990-1999)
Xc-sis Proteins
Xsis Proto-Oncogene Proteins
XPlatelet-Derived Growth Factor B
XPDGFB
Pseudobulbar Palsy
C10.597.622.714
C23.888.592.636.711
A syndrome characterized by DYSARTHRIA, dysphagia, dysphonia, impairment of voluntary movements of tongue and facial muscles, and emotional lability. This condition is caused by diseases that affect the motor fibers that travel from the cerebral cortex to the lower BRAIN STEM (i.e., corticobulbar tracts); including MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS; MOTOR NEURON DISEASE; and CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p489)
Previous indexing:
Bulbar Palsy, Progressive (1966-1982)
Paralysis (1982-1999)
XDysarthria, Pseudobulbar
XParalysis, Pseudobulbar
XSpastic Bulbar Palsy
Pulse Therapy, Drug
E05.309.600
Administration of high doses of pharmaceuticals over short periods of time.
Previous indexing:
Drug Administration Schedule (1978-1999)
XDrug Pulse Therapy
Pulvinar
A08.186.211.730.385.826.701.485.600
Large mass of nuclei forming the most caudal portion of the thalamus and overhanging the geniculate bodies and the dorsolateral surface of the midbrain. It is divided into four parts: the lateral, medial, inferior, and oral pulvinar nuclei.
Previous indexing:
Thalamic Nuclei (1971-1999)
Thalamus (1965-1970)
XInferior Pulvinar Nucleus
XLateral Pulvinar Nucleus
XMedial Pulvinar Nucleus
XOral Pulvinar Nucleus
Putaminal Hemorrhage
C10.228.140.079.127.500.500
C10.228.140.300.100.200.500
C10.228.140.300.535.200.150.500
C14.907.253.061.200.500
C14.907.253.420.150.500
C14.907.253.573.200.150.500
C23.550.414.913.100.200.500
Bleeding into the PUTAMEN, a BASAL GANGLIA nucleus. This is a relatively common site of spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage and is associated with chronic HYPERTENSION and lipohyalinosis of small blood vessels in the putamen. Clinical manifestations vary with the size of hemorrhage, but include hemiparesis, headache, and alterations of consciousness.
See related
Putamen
Previous indexing:
Cerebrovascular Disorders (1966-1999)
Cerebral Hemorrhage (1966-1999)
Putamen (1976-1999)
XBrain Hemorrhage, Putaminal
XHemorrhage, Putamen
rab GTP-Binding Proteins
D08.586.277.040.330.300.400.400+
D12.776.157.325.515.400+
A large family of MONOMERIC GTP-BINDING PROTEINS that play a key role in cellular secretory and endocytic pathways. EC 3.6.1.-.
Previous indexing:
G-Proteins (1989-1999)
Xrab G-proteins
Xrab GTPases
rac GTP-Binding Proteins
D08.586.277.040.330.300.400.700.100
D12.776.157.325.515.700.100+
A sub-family of RHO GTP-BINDING PROTEINS that is involved in regulating the organization of cytoskeletal filaments. EC 3.6.1.-.
Previous indexing:
G-Proteins (1991-1999)
Proteins (1989-1999)
Xrac Proteins
Raclopride
D02.065.277.761
D02.241.223.100.120.761
A substituted benzamide that has antipsychotic properties. It is a dopamine D2 receptor (see RECEPTORS, DOPAMINE D2) antagonist.
Previous indexing:
Benzamides (1985-1986)
Salicylamides (1987-1999)
Radial Neuropathy
C10.668.829.500.650
Disease involving the RADIAL NERVE. Clinical features include weakness of elbow extension, elbow flexion, supination of the forearm, wrist and finger extension, and thumb abduction. Sensation may be impaired over regions of the dorsal forearm. Common sites of compression or traumatic injury include the AXILLA and radial groove of the HUMERUS.
Previous indexing:
Peripheral Nervous System Diseases (1966-1999)
XCrutch Palsy
XSaturday Night Palsy
Rahnella
B03.440.450.650
B03.660.250.660
A genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, small, rod-shaped bacteria occurring in fresh water.
Previous indexing:
Enterobacteriaceae (1980-1999)
XRahnella aquatilis
ral GTP-Binding Proteins
D08.586.277.040.330.300.400.450
D12.776.157.325.515.450
A family of ubiquitously expressed MONOMERIC GTP-BINDING PROTEINS that are involved in intracellular signal transduction. EC 3.6.1.-.
Previous indexing:
G-Proteins (1994-1999)
Xral A GTP-Binding Protein
ral Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor
D12.776.402.300.600
A guanine nucleotide exchange factor that stimulates the dissociation of GDP from RAL-GTP BINDING PROTEINS. It also has GDP exchange activity towards other MONOMERIC GTP-BINDING PROTEINS.
Previous indexing:
G-Proteins (1997-1999)
Xral GDP Dissociation Stimulator
XralGDS
Raloxifene
D02.455.426.559.389.150.700.900.775
A second generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used to prevent osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. It has estrogen agonist effects on bone and cholesterol metabolism but behaves as a complete estrogen antagonist on mammary gland and uterine tissue.
Previous indexing:
Piperidines (1983-1999)
ran GTP-Binding Protein
D08.586.277.040.330.300.400.462
D12.776.157.325.515.462
D12.776.660.768
A monomeric GTP-binding protein involved in nucleocytoplasmic transport of proteins into the nucleus and RNA into the cytoplasm. EC 3.6.1.-.
Previous indexing:
Nuclear Proteins (1991-1999)
Xran Protein
XTC4 Protein
rap GTP-Binding Proteins
D08.586.277.040.330.300.400.475+
D12.776.157.325.515.475+
A family of MONOMERIC GTP-BINDING PROTEINS that are related to RAS PROTEINS. EC 3.6.1.-.
Previous indexing:
G-Proteins (1989-1999)
Xras-Related rap Proteins
ras GTPase-Activating Proteins
D12.776.402.150.500+
PROTEINS that specifically activate the GTP-phosphohydrolase activity of RAS PROTEINS.
Previous indexing:
Proteins (1995-1999)
Xras-GAPs
ras Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors
D12.776.402.300.700+
A family of GUANINE NUCLEOTIDE EXCHANGE FACTORS that are specific for RAS PROTEINS.
Previous indexing:
Proteins (1979-1999)
XrasGEFs
Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases
D08.586.913.696.620.682.725.400+
D12.776.543.750.325
A class of cellular receptors that have an intrinsic PROTEIN-TYROSINE KINASE activity. EC 2.7.11.-
Previous indexing:
Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinase (1994-1999)
specific receptors (1983-1993)
Protein-Tyrosine Kinase (1983-1993)
XReceptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinase
XReceptors, Protein-Tyrosine Kinase
XTyrosine Kinase Linked Receptors
XTyrosine Kinase Receptors
Receptor, Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor
D12.776.543.750.750.400.550.250
The ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor is comprised of three components: the ciliary neutrophilic factor receptor alpha subunit, the leukemia inhibitory factor receptor and the gp130 signal transducer. The specificity of the receptor for ciliary neurotrophic factor is determined by the alpha subunit, while signal transduction is mediated through the GP130 subunit. Although the receptor regulates neuronal development, it is structurally similar to the cytokine receptor for INTERLEUKIN-6 (RECEPTORS, INTERLEUKIN-6).
Previous indexing:
Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor (1995-1999)
Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases (1997-1999)
Receptors, Cell Surface (1991-1999)
Receptors, Growth Factor (1993-1994)
XCiliary Neurotrophic Factor Receptor
XCiliary Neurotrophic Factor Receptor alpha Precursor
XCiliary Neurotrophic Factor Receptor alpha Subunit
XCNTF Receptor
Receptor, Nerve Growth Factor
D12.776.543.750.750.400.550.500
A low affinity receptor that binds NERVE GROWTH FACTOR, BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR, NEUROTROPHIN 3, and neurotrophin 4.
Previous indexing:
Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor (1994-1999)
XNerve Growth Factor Receptor p75
XNerve Growth Factor Receptor, Low-Affinity
XNGF Receptor
XNGFR Protein
Receptor, trkA
D08.586.913.696.620.682.725.400.660
D12.776.543.750.750.400.550.550
A protein-tyrosine kinase receptor that is specific for NERVE GROWTH FACTOR, NEUROTROPHIN 3, neurotrophin 4, neurotrophin 5. It plays a crucial role in pain sensation and thermoregulation in humans. Gene mutations that cause loss of receptor function are associated with congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis, while gene rearrangements that activate the protein-tyrosine kinase function are associated with tumorigenesis. EC 2.7.11.-.
Previous indexing:
Proto-Oncogene Proteins (1990-1999)
Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases (1994-1999)
Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor (1994-1999)
Xgp140(c-TRK)
Xtrk Proto-Oncogene Protein
XtrkA Receptor
XNTRK1 Receptor
XProto-Oncogene Protein trk
XReceptor, Neurotrophic Tyrosine Kinase Type 1
Receptor, trkB
D08.586.913.696.620.682.725.400.700
D12.776.543.750.750.400.550.600
A protein-tyrosine kinase receptor that is specific for BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR, NEUROTROPHIN 3, neurotrophin 4 and neurotrophin 5. It is widely expressed in nervous tissue and plays a role in mediating the effects of neurotrophins on growth and differentiation of neuronal cells. EC 2.6.11.-.
Previous indexing:
Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor (1994-1999)
Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinase (1994-1999)
Membrane Glycoproteins (1990-1993)
Protein-Tyrosine Kinase (1990-1993)
Receptors, Growth Factor (1990-1993)
XtrkB Receptor
XBrain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Receptor
XBDNF Receptor
XNeurotrophic Factor, Brain-Derived, Receptor
XNTRK2 Receptor
XReceptor, Neurotrophic Tyrosine-Kinase Type 2
Reishi
B05.354.179.120.792
A mushroom, Ganoderma lucidum, of the APHYLLOPHORALES order of basidomycetous fungi. It has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine in various forms. Contains STEROLS, coumarin, MANNITOL, POLYSACCHARIDES, and triterpenoids.
See related
Drugs, Chinese Herbal
Previous indexing:
Basidiomycota (1979-1999)
XGanoderma lucidum
REM Sleep Behavior Disorder
C10.886.659.633.700
F03.870.664.633.700
A disorder characterized by episodes of vigorous and often violent motor activity during REM sleep (SLEEP, REM). The affected individual may inflict self injury or harm others, and is difficult to awaken from this condition. Episodes are usually followed by a vivid recollection of a dream that is consistent with the aggressive behavior. This condition primarily affects adult males. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p393)
Previous indexing:
Sleep Disorders (1987-1999)
Sleep, REM (1987-1999)
XRapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder
REM Sleep Parasomnias
C10.886.659.633+
F03.870.664.633+
Abnormal behavioral or physiologic events that are associated with REM sleep, including REM SLEEP BEHAVIOR DISORDER.
Previous indexing:
Sleep, REM (1986-1999)
Sleep Disorders (1986-1999)
XParasomnias, REM Sleep
XRapid Eye Movement Sleep Parasomnias
XREM Sleep-Related Sinus Arrest
XSinus Arrest, REM Sleep-Related
XSleep-Related Painful Erections
XSleep, REM, Parasomnias
Respiratory Mucosa
A04.760+
A10.615.550.760+
The mucous membrane lining the respiratory tract.
Previous indexing:
Mucous Membrane or specifics (1966-1999)
Respiratory System or specifics (1966-1999)
XRespiratory Epithelium
RGS Proteins
D12.776.402.150.750
A large family of evolutionarily conserved proteins that function as negative regulators of HETEROTRIMERIC GTP-BINDING PROTEINS. RGS PROTEINS act by increasing the GTPase activity of the G alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric GTP-binding protein, causing it to revert to its inactive (GDP-bound) form.
Previous indexing:
Proteins (1989-1999)
XRegulators of G-Protein Signaling Proteins
rho GTP-Binding Proteins
D08.586.277.040.330.300.400.700+
D12.776.157.325.515.700+
A large family of MONOMERIC GTP-BINDING PROTEINS that are involved in regulation of actin organization, gene expression and cell cycle progression. EC 3.6.1.-.
Previous indexing:
G-Proteins (1993-1999)
Xrho G-Proteins
Xrho GTPases
Xrho Small GTP-Binding Proteins
rhoA GTP-Binding Protein
D08.586.277.040.330.300.400.700.200
D12.776.157.325.515.700.200
A RHO GTP-BINDING PROTEIN involved in regulating signal transduction pathways that control assembly of focal adhesions and actin stress fibers. EC 3.6.1.-.
Previous indexing:
G-Proteins (1991-1999)
Xrho12 GTP-Binding Protein
XARHA GTP-Binding Protein
rhoB GTP-Binding Protein
D08.586.277.040.330.300.400.700.300
D12.776.157.325.515.700.300
A GTP-BINDING PROTEIN involved in regulating a signal transduction pathway that controls assembly of focal adhesions and actin stress fibers. EC 3.6.1.-.
Previous indexing:
G-Proteins (1989-1999)
Xarh6 GTP-Binding Protein
XARHB GTP-Binding Protein
Rhodomicrobium vannielii
B03.440.645
B03.660.050.662
A species of ovoid-shaped bacteria with polar growth and a characteristic vegetative growth cycle. Cells grow preferably photoheterotrophically under anaerobic conditions in the light, but will also grow under microaerobic or aerobic conditions in the dark. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)
Previous indexing:
Rhodospirillaceae (1978-1999)
Bacteria (1967-1977)
Ribonucleoproteins, Small Cytoplasmic
D12.776.664.800.650+
Complexes of scRNA (RNA, SMALL CYTOPLASMIC) and protein found in the cytoplasm. An example is SIGNAL RECOGNITION PARTICLE.
Previous indexing:
Ribonucleoproteins (1982-1999)
XscRNP
XSmall Cytoplasmic Ribonucleoproteins
Ribonucleoproteins, Small Nucleolar
D12.776.664.800.700.590
Nucleolar RNA-protein complexes that function in pre-ribosomal RNA processing.
Previous indexing:
Ribonucleoproteins, Small Nuclear (1993-1999)
Ribonucleoproteins (1982-1992)
Cell Nucleolus (1975-1999)
XsnoRNP
XSmall Nucleolar Ribonucleoproteins
RNA Stability
G06.184.835
The extent to which an RNA molecule retains its structural integrity and resists degradation under changing conditions in the cell or during isolation, purification, storage or other physical or chemical manipulations.
RNA, Small Cytoplasmic
D13.444.735.725
Small RNAs found in the cytoplasm usually complexed with proteins in scRNPs (RIBONUCLEOPROTEINS, SMALL CYTOPLASMIC).
Previous indexing:
RNA or specifics (1980-1999)
Cytoplasm (1980-1999)
XscRNA
XSmall Cytoplasmic RNA
X7S RNA
RNA, Small Nucleolar
D13.444.735.628.818.800
Small nuclear RNAs that are involved in the processing of pre-ribosomal RNA in the nucleolus. Box C/D containing snoRNAs (U14, U15, U16, U20, U21 and U24-U63) direct site-specific methylation of various ribose moieties. Box H/ACA containing snoRNAs (E2, E3, U19, U23, and U64-U72) direct the conversion of specific uridines to pseudouridine. Site-specific cleavages resulting in the mature ribosomal RNAs are directed by snoRNAs U3, U8, U14, U22 and the snoRNA components of RNase MRP and RNase P.
Previous indexing:
RNA, Small Nuclear (1986-1999)
Cell Nucleolus (1975-1999)
RNA (1975-1985)
XsnoRNA
XSmall Nucleolar RNA
Rolipram
D03.383.773.812.785
A phosphodiesterase inhibitor with antidepressant properties.
Previous indexing:
Cyclopentanes (1979-1982)
Pyrrolidinones (1983-1999)
Sagittal Sinus Thrombosis
C10.228.140.300.525.669.750
C14.907.253.378.586.750
C14.907.355.350.850.213.669.750
C14.907.355.830.850.213.669.750
Infectious or noninfectious venous thrombosis of the sagittal sinus. Spontaneous and secondary forms occur. Associated conditions include DEHYDRATION; SEPSIS; THROMBOPHILIA; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; and NEUROSURGICAL PROCEDURES. Affected individuals may present with or develop HEADACHE; neck pain; PAPILLEDEMA; SEIZURES; INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION; venous CEREBRAL INFARCTION; INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES; hemiparesis; and other focal neurologic deficits. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p612)
Previous indexing:
Sinus Thrombosis, Intracranial (1968-1999)
XSeptic Phlebitis, Sagittal Sinus
XThrombosis, Sagittal Sinus
Salivary Calculi
C23.300.175.700+
The presence of calculi in a salivary duct or gland.
Previous indexing:
Salivary Duct Calculi (1965-1999)
XCalculi, Salivary
Sciatic Neuropathy
C10.668.829.500.675+
Disease or damage involving the SCIATIC NERVE, which divides into the PERONEAL NERVE and TIBIAL NERVE (see also PERONEAL NEUROPATHIES and TIBIAL NEUROPATHY). Clinical manifestations may include SCIATICA or pain localized to the hip, PARESIS or PARALYSIS of posterior thigh muscles and muscles innervated by the peroneal and tibial nerves, and sensory loss involving the lateral and posterior thigh, posterior and lateral leg, and sole of the foot. The sciatic nerve may be affected by trauma; ISCHEMIA; COLLAGEN DISEASES; and other conditions. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1363)
Previous indexing:
Peripheral Nervous System Diseases (1966-1999)
Sciatic Nerve (1966-1999)
XSciatic Nerve Diseases
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators
D06.347.082.827
D27.505.440.450.082.827
A structurally diverse group of compounds distinguished from ESTROGENS by their ability to bind and activate the estrogen receptor, but act as either an estrogen agonist or antagonist depending on the tissue type and hormonal milieu. They are classified as either first generation because they demonstrate estrogen agonist properties in the ENDOMETRIUM or second generation based on their patterns of tissue specificity. (Horm Res 1997;48:155-63)
Previous indexing:
Receptors, Estrogen (1996-1999)
XEstrogen Receptor Modulators, Selective
XSERMs
Selenious Acid
D01.810.900
A selenium compound used as a source of SELENIUM, especially for patients that develop selenium deficiency following prolonged PARENTERAL NUTRITION.
Previous indexing:
Selenium Compounds (1994-1999)
Selenium (1974-1993)
Oxides (1974-1979)
Septum of Brain
A08.186.211.577.750+
A08.186.211.730.885.750+
Gray matter structures of the telencephalon and limbic system in the brain, but containing widely varying definitions among authors. Included here is the cortical septal area, subcortical SEPTAL NUCLEI, and the SEPTUM PELLUCIDUM. Many authorities consider the septal region to be made up of the septal area and the septal nuclei, but excluding the septum pellucidum. (Anthoney, Neuroanatomy and the Neurologic Exam, 1994, pp485-489; NeuroNames, http://rprcsgi.rprc.washington.edu/neuronames/index.html (November 18, 1998)).
Previous indexing:
Brain (1966-1999)
Septum Pellucidum (1972-1999)
XSeptal Area
XSeptal Region
Sequence Analysis, Protein
E05.393.760.705
A process that includes the determination of an amino acid sequence of a protein (or peptide, oligopeptide or peptide fragment) and the information analysis of the sequence.
Previous indexing:
Sequence Analysis (1993-1999)
Amino Acid Sequence (1966-1999)
Amino Acids/analysis (1966-1999)
XAmino Acid Sequence Analysis
XPeptide Sequence Analysis
XProtein Sequence Analysis
XSequence Determination, Protein
Shewanella
B03.440.450.690+
B03.660.250.700+
A genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic rods. It is a saprophytic, marine organism which is often isolated from spoiling fish.
Previous indexing:
Gram-Negative Facultatively Anaerobic Rods (1995-1999)
Shewanella putrefaciens
B03.440.450.690.590
B03.660.250.700.590
A species of SHEWANELLA noted for its ability to reduce iron and manganese anaerobically.
Previous indexing:
Gram-Negative Facultatively Anaerobic Rods (1995-1999)
Gram-Negative Anaerobic Bacteria (1991-1995)
Gram-Negative Bacteria (1990-1994)
Shiitake Mushrooms
B05.354.179.100.500.810
Mushrooms in the order AGARICALES containing B vitamins, cortinelin, and the polysaccharide LENTINAN.
Previous indexing:
Lentinus (1999)
Basidiomycota (1970-1998)
XLentinula edodes
XLentinus edodes
Sigmoidoscopes
E07.230.220.260.160.800
E07.858.240.260.160.800
Endoscopes for examining the interior of the sigmoid colon.
Previous indexing:
Sigmoidoscopy/instrumentation (1966-1999)
Endoscopes (1998-1999)
Single-Parent Family
F01.829.263.750
I01.880.225.750
A household that includes children and is headed by one adult.
See related
Single Parent
Previous indexing:
Single Parent (1989-1999)
XFamily, Single-Parent
XOne-Parent Family
Sinorhizobium
B03.440.400.425.740+
B03.660.050.705+
A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, nonsporeforming rods which usually contain granules of poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)
Sinus Pericranii
C10.500.190.800
C16.131.666.190.800
Rare vascular anomaly involving an abnormal communication between the extracranial and intracranial circulations involving the venous dura sinuses. It is often present in childhood and can be congenital or traumatic in origin.
Previous indexing:
Hemangioma (1971-1999)
Cranial Sinuses (1971-1999)
Skull Fracture, Basilar
C10.900.300.918.150
C21.866.260.836.150
C21.866.405.762.150
C21.866.915.300.745.300
Fractures which extend through the base of the SKULL, usually involving the PETROUS BONE. Battle's sign (characterized by skin discoloration due to extravasation of blood into the subcutaneous tissue behind the ear and over the mastoid process), CRANIAL NEUROPATHIES, TRAUMATIC; CAROTID-CAVERNOUS SINUS FISTULA; and CEREBROSPINAL FLUID OTORRHEA are relatively frequent sequelae of this condition. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p876)
Previous indexing:
Skull Fractures (1966-1999)
Temporal Bone (1966-1999)
XBasilar Skull Fracture
XBattle Sign
Skull Fracture, Depressed
C10.900.300.918.300
C21.866.260.836.300
C21.866.405.762.300
C21.866.915.300.745.350
A skull fracture characterized by inward depression of a fragment or section of cranial bone, often compressing the underlying dura mater and brain. Depressed cranial fractures which feature open skin wounds that communicate with skull fragments are referred to as compound depressed skull fractures.
Previous indexing:
Skull Fractures (1965-1999)
Brain Injuries (1965-1999)
XSkull Fracture, Compound Depressed
Sleep Apnea, Central
C08.618.085.852.800
C10.886.425.800.750.800
A condition associated with multiple episodes of sleep apnea which are distinguished from obstructive sleep apnea (SLEEP APNEA, OBSTRUCTIVE) by the complete cessation of efforts to breathe. This disorder is associated with dysfunction of central nervous system centers that regulate respiration. This condition may be idiopathic (primary) or associated with lower brain stem lesions; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (LUNG DISEASES, OBSTRUCTIVE); HEART FAILURE, CONGESTIVE; medication effect; and other conditions. Sleep maintenance is impaired, resulting in daytime hypersomnolence. Primary central sleep apnea is frequently associated with obstructive sleep apnea. When both forms are present the condition is referred to as mixed sleep apnea (see SLEEP APNEA SYNDROMES). (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p395; Neurol Clin 1996;14(3):611-28)
Previous indexing:
Sleep Apnea Syndromes (1980-1999)
Apnea (1966-1979)
Sleep (1966-1979)
XApnea, Sleep, Central
XCentral Sleep Apnea
XHypoventilation, Central Alveolar
XOndine Syndrome
XSleep-Disordered Breathing, Central
Sleep Apnea, Obstructive
C08.618.085.852.850
C10.886.425.800.750.850
A disorder characterized by recurrent apneas during sleep despite persistent respiratory efforts. It is due to upper airway obstruction. The respiratory pauses may induce HYPERCAPNIA or HYPOXIA. Cardiac ARRHYTHMIA and elevation of systemic and pulmonary arterial pressures may occur. Frequent partial arousals occur throughout sleep, resulting in relative SLEEP DEPRIVATION and daytime tiredness. Associated conditions include OBESITY; ACROMEGALY; MYXEDEMA; micrognathia; MYOTONIC DYSTROPHY; adenotonsilar dystrophy; and NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASES. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p395)
Previous indexing:
Sleep Apnea Syndromes (1980-1999)
Apnea (1966-1979)
Sleep (1966-1979)
XObstructive Sleep Apnea
XUpper Airway Resistance Sleep Apnea Syndrome
Sleep Arousal Disorders
C10.886.659.635+
F03.870.664.635+
Sleep disorders characterized by impaired arousal from the deeper stages of sleep (generally stage III or IV sleep).
Previous indexing:
Sleep Disorders (1968-1999)
Arousal (1968-1999)
XArousal Disorders, Sleep
XConfusional Arousals
Sleep Bruxism
C07.793.099.500
C10.886.659.637
F03.870.664.637
A sleep disorder characterized by grinding and clenching of the teeth and forceful lateral or protrusive jaw movements. Sleep bruxism may be associated with TOOTH INJURIES; TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT DISORDERS; sleep disturbances; and other conditions.
Previous indexing:
Bruxism (1965-1999)
XBruxism, Nocturnal
XNocturnal Teeth Grinding Disorder
Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm
C10.886.425.200+
F03.870.400.200+
Dyssomnias associated with disruption of the normal 24 hour sleep wake cycle secondary to travel (e.g., JET LAG SYNDROME), shift work, or other causes.
See related
Biological Clocks
Work Schedule Tolerance
Previous indexing:
Circadian Rhythm (1966-1999)
XChronobiology Disorders
XCircadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders
XShift-Work Sleep Disorder
XSleep-Wake Cycle Disorders
Sleep Disorders, Intrinsic
C10.886.425.800+
F03.870.400.800+
Dyssomnias (i.e., insomnias or hypersomnias) associated with dysfunction of internal sleep mechanisms or secondary to a sleep-related medical disorder (e.g., sleep apnea, post-traumatic sleep disorders, etc.). (From Thorpy, Sleep Disorders Medicine, 1994, p187)
XIntrinsic Sleep Disorders
Sleep Paralysis
C10.886.659.633.800
F03.870.664.633.800
A common condition characterized by transient partial or total paralysis of skeletal muscles and areflexia that occurs upon awakening from sleep or less often while falling asleep. Stimuli such as touch or sound may terminate the episode, which usually has a duration of seconds to minutes. This condition may occur in normal subjects or be associated with NARCOLEPSY; CATAPLEXY; and hypogogic HALLUCINATIONS. The pathophysiology of this condition is closely related to the normal hypotonia that occur during REM sleep. (From Adv Neurol 1995;67:245-271)
Previous indexing:
Sleep Disorders (1965-1999)
XParalysis, Sleep
Sleep-Wake Transition Disorders
C10.886.659.700
F03.870.664.700
Parasomnias characterized by behavioral abnormalities that occur during the transition between wakefulness and sleep (or between sleep and wakefulness).
Previous indexing:
Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders (1986-1999)
XNocturnal Leg Cramps
XSleep Starts
XSleep Talking
XSomnolescent Starts
Somatosensory Disorders
C10.597.751.791+
C23.888.592.763.770+
Disorders of sensory information received from superficial and deep regions of the body. The somatosensory system conveys neural impulses which pertain to proprioception, tactile sensation, thermal sensation, pressure sensation, and pain. PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; SPINAL CORD DISEASES; and BRAIN DISEASES may be associated with impaired or abnormal somatic sensation.
Previous indexing:
Sensation Disorders (1966-1999)
XProprioceptive Disorders
XThermal Sensation Disorders
Son of Sevenless Protein, Drosophila
D12.776.402.300.700.700.600
A guanine nucleotide exchange factor from DROSOPHILA. Sevenless refers to genetic mutations in DROSOPHILA that cause loss of the R7 photoreceptor which is required to see UV light.
Previous indexing:
Membrane Proteins (1992-1999)
XSOS Protein
Son of Sevenless Proteins
D12.776.402.300.700.700+
A class of RAS GUANINE NUCLEOTIDE EXCHANGE FACTORS that are genetically related to the Son of Sevenless gene from DROSOPHILA. Sevenless refers to genetic mutations in DROSOPHILA that cause loss of the R7 photoreceptor which is required to see UV light.
Previous indexing:
Membrane Proteins (1992-1999)
Proteins (1978-1999)
XSOS Proteins
Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic
E05.820.490.700
An assisted fertilization technique consisting of the microinjection of a single viable sperm into an extracted ovum. It is used principally to overcome low sperm count, low sperm motility, inability of sperm to penetrate the egg, or other conditions related to male infertility (INFERTILITY, MALE).
See related
Infertility, Male
Previous indexing:
Fertilization in Vitro (1994-1999)
Microinjections (1994-1999)
XInjections, Sperm, Intracytoplasmic
XIntracytoplasmic Sperm Injections
XICSI
Sphingomonas
B03.440.400.425.750
B03.660.050.710
A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria characterized by an outer membrane that contains glycosphingolipids but lacks lipopolysaccharide. They have the ability to degrade a broad range of substituted aromatic compounds.
Spinal Cord Ischemia
C10.228.854.785.650+
C14.907.553.850+
C14.907.790.550+
Reduced blood flow to the spinal cord which is supplied by the anterior spinal artery and the paired posterior spinal arteries. This condition may be associated with ARTERIOSCLEROSIS, trauma, emboli, diseases of the aorta, and other disorders. Prolonged ischemia may lead to INFARCTION of spinal cord tissue.
See related
Central Cord Syndrome
Previous indexing:
Spinal Cord/blood supply (1966-1999)
Spinal Cord Diseases (1966-1999)
Ischemia (1966-1999)
Spinal Cord Vascular Diseases
C10.228.854.785+
C14.907.790+
Hypoxic-ischemic and hemorrhagic disorders of the spinal cord. ARTERIOSCLEROSIS, emboli, and vascular malformations are potential causes of these conditions.
Previous indexing:
Spinal Cord (1965-1999)
Vascular Diseases (1965-1999)
XHematomyelia
XPosterior Spinal Artery Syndrome
Spinocerebellar Ataxias
C10.228.140.252.700.700+
C10.228.854.787.875+
C10.574.500.825.700+
C16.466.400.780.875+
A group of dominantly inherited, predominantly late-onset, cerebellar ataxias which have been divided into multiple subtypes based on clinical features and genetic mapping. Progressive ataxia is a central feature of these conditions, and in certain subtypes POLYNEUROPATHY; DYSARTHRIA; visual loss; and other disorders may develop. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1997, Ch65, pp 12-17; J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 1998 Jun;57(6):531-43)
Previous indexing:
Ataxia/genetics (1965-1999)
Cerebellar Diseases (1966-1999)
Spinal Cord Diseases (1966-1999)
Spinocerebellar Degenerations (1987-1999)
XSpinocerebellar Ataxia Type 1
XSpinocerebellar Ataxia Type 2
XSpinocerebellar Ataxia Type 4
XSpinocerebellar Ataxia Type 5
XSpinocerebellar Ataxia Type 6
XSpinocerebellar Ataxia Type 7
XSpinocerebellar Atrophies
Spinocerebellar Tracts
A08.612.220.725
Fibers that arise from cell groups within the spinal cord and pass directly to the cerebellum. They include the anterior, posterior, and rostral spinocerebellar tracts, and the cuneocerebellar tract. (From Parent, Carpenter's Human Neuroanatomy, 9th ed, p607)
Previous indexing:
Neural Pathways (1967-1999)
Stenotrophomonas
B03.440.400.425.760+
B03.660.250.710+
A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacteria formerly classified as part of the genus XANTHOMONAS.
Previous indexing:
Xanthomonas (1993-1999)
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
B03.440.400.425.760.500
B03.660.250.710.500
A species of STENOTROPHOMONAS, formerly called Xanthomonas maltophilia, which reduces nitrate. It is a cause of hospital-acquired ocular and lung infections, especially in those patients with cystic fibrosis and those who are immunosuppressed.
Previous indexing:
Xanthomonas (1995-1999)
XXanthomonas maltophilia
Stigmatella
B03.350.638.710+
B03.660.125.500.710+
A genus of the MYXOCOCCALES having vegetative cells which are straight rods with tapered ends and myxospores which are short and somewhat crooked. Fruiting bodies consist of spherical, ovoid, or club-shaped sporangioles on stalks. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)
Previous indexing:
Myxococcales (1978-1999)
Bacteria (1969-1977)
Stigmatella aurantiaca
B03.350.638.710.050
B03.660.125.500.710.050
A species of STIGMATELLA usually isolated from rotting wood. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)
Previous indexing:
Myxococcales (1978-1999)
Bacteria (1969-1977)
Striatonigral Degeneration
C10.228.140.079.612.800
C10.228.662.550.800
C10.574.625.800
A sporadic neurodegenerative disease with onset in middle-age characterized clinically by Parkinsonian features (e.g., MUSCLE RIGIDITY; HYPOKINESIA; stooped posture) and HYPOTENSION. This condition is considered a clinical variant of MULTIPLE SYSTEM ATROPHY. Pathologic features include a prominent loss of neurons in the zona compacta of the SUBSTANTIA NIGRA and PUTAMEN. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1075-6)
See related
Parkinsonian Disorders
Previous indexing:
Parkinson Disease (1970-1993)
Substantia Nigra (1970-1999)
Multiple System Atrophy (1998-1999)
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage, Traumatic
C10.228.140.300.535.450.650
C10.228.140.300.535.800.700
C10.900.300.837.800
C14.907.253.535.600
C14.907.253.573.400.700
C14.907.253.573.800.700
C21.866.260.616.800
C21.866.915.300.490.700
Bleeding into the subarachnoid space following CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA. Minor hemorrhages may be asymptomatic; moderate to severe hemorrhages may be associated with INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION and VASOSPASM, INTRACRANIAL.
Previous indexing:
Craniocerebral Trauma (1965-1999)
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (1965-1999)
XTraumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Subthalamic Nucleus
A08.186.211.730.385.800.800
Lens-shaped structure on the inner aspect of the internal capsule. The subthalamic nucleus and pathways traversing this region are concerned with the integration of somatic motor function. (Parent, Carpenter's Human Neuroanatomy, 9th ed, p52)
Previous indexing:
Thalamic Nuclei (1972-1999)
XNucleus Subthalamicus
Subthalamus
A08.186.211.730.385.800+
A transition zone in the anterior part of the diencephalon interposed between the thalamus, hypothalamus, and tegmentum of the mesencephalon. Components of the subthalamus include the SUBTHALAMIC NUCLEUS, zona incerta, nucleus of field H, and the nucleus of ansa lenticularis. The latter contains the ENTOPEDUNCULAR NUCLEUS.
Previous indexing:
Diencephalon (1967-1981)
Thalamus (1981-1999)
XNucleus of Ansa Lenticularis
XNucleus of Field H
XZona Incerta
Subtilisin
D08.586.277.656.300.760.787.805
A serine endopeptidase isolated from Bacillus subtilis. It hydrolyzes proteins with broad specificity for peptide bonds, and a preference for a large uncharged residue in P1. It also hydrolyzes peptide amides. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 3.4.21.62.
Previous indexing:
Endopeptidases (1966-1972)
Subtilisins (1973-1999)
T-Box Domain Proteins
D12.776.260.810
D12.776.930.850
Proteins containing a region of conserved sequence, about 200 amino acids long, which encodes a particular sequence specific DNA binding domain (the T-box domain). These proteins are transcription factors that control developmental pathways. The prototype of this family is the mouse Brachyury (or T) gene product.
Previous indexing:
DNA-Binding Proteins (1996-1999)
Transcription Factors (1996-1999)
Taxus
B06.388.400.875
B06.560.875
Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).
Previous indexing:
Plants, Medicinal (1971-1999)
Trees (1965-1999)
XTaxus brevifolia
Taylorella equigenitalis
B03.440.740
B03.660.075.740
A species of bacteria which is comprised of gram-negative rods which often approach a spherical shape. They are nonmotile and microaerophilic. They are considered parasites of horses and are pathogenic for mares. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)
Previous indexing:
Haemophilus (1986-1999)
Tea Tree Oil
D10.516.627.675.775
D10.516.627.700.940
Essential oil extracted from Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree). It is used as a topical antimicrobial due to the presence of terpineol.
Previous indexing:
Plant Oils (1990-1999)
Oils, Volatile (1990-1999)
XMelaleuca alternifolia Oil
Thauera
B03.440.425.410.745
B03.660.075.745
A genus of gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria able to anaerobically oxidize and degrade toluene.
XThauera aromatica
Thiocapsa
B03.650.700.300.750+
B03.660.250.100.750+
A genus of anoxygenic, photosynthetic, nonmotile, spherical to slightly ovoid bacterial cells occurring singly, or in aggregates of two or four, and usually surrounded with slime. It is found in stagnant water, mud of ponds, estuaries, and microbial mats of salt marshes. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)
Previous indexing:
Chromatiaceae (1988-1999)
Thiocapsa roseopersicina
B03.650.700.300.750.660
B03.660.250.100.750.660
A species of THIOCAPSA which is facultatively aerobic and chemotrophic and which can utilize thiosulfate. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)
Previous indexing:
Chromatiaceae (1976-1999)
Bacteria (1972-1975)
Third Ventricle
A08.186.211.276.840
A narrow cleft inferior to the corpus callosum, within the diencephalon, between the paired thalami. Its floor is formed by the HYPOTHALAMUS, its anterior wall by the lamina terminalis, and its roof by EPENDYMA. It communicates with the FOURTH VENTRICLE by the CEREBRAL AQUEDUCT, and with the LATERAL VENTRICLES by the interventricular formina.
Previous indexing:
Cerebral Ventricles (1965-1999)
Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted
E01.370.388.250.840.830
E01.370.388.250.950.830
E04.800.250.840.830
E04.800.250.950.830
E04.928.752.830
Endoscopic surgery of the pleural cavity performed with visualization via video transmission.
See related
Video Recording
Previous indexing:
Thoracoscopy (1993-1999)
Video Recording (1993-1999)
XSurgery, Thoracic, Video-Assisted
XVideo-Assisted Thoracic Surgery
XVATS
Thoracoscopes
E07.230.220.850
E07.858.240.850
Endoscopes for examining the pleural cavity.
Previous indexing:
Thoracoscopy/instrumentation (1966-1999)
Endoscopes (1998-1999)
Threshold Limit Values
G03.850.460.350.600.807
N03.706.615.917
Standards for limiting worker exposure to airborne contaminants. They are the maximum concentration in air at which it is believed that a particular substance will not produce adverse health effects with repeated daily exposure. It can be a time-weighted average (TLV-TWA), a short-term value (TLV-STEL), or an instantaneous value (TLV-Ceiling). They are expressed either as parts per million (ppm) or milligram per cubic meter (mg/m3).
See related
Maximum Allowable Concentration
XShort-Term Exposure Limit
Thylakoids
A11.368.702.700.140.800
Membranous cisternae of the chloroplast containing photosynthetic pigments, reaction centers, and the electron-transport chain. Each thylakoid consists of a flattened sac of membrane enclosing a narrow intra-thylakoid space (Lackie and Dow, Dictionary of Cell Biology, 2nd ed). Individual thylakoids are interconnected and tend to stack to form aggregates called grana. They are found in cyanobacteria and all plants.
See related
Photosynthetic Reaction Center, Bacterial
Photosynthetic Reaction Center, Plant
Previous indexing:
Chloroplasts (1969-1999)
XGrana
XThylakoid Membrane
Tibial Neuropathy
C10.668.829.500.700+
Disease of the TIBIAL NERVE (also referred to as the posterior tibial nerve). The most commonly associated condition is the TARSAL TUNNEL SYNDROME. However, LEG INJURIES; ISCHEMIA; and inflammatory conditions (e.g., COLLAGEN DISEASES) may also affect the nerve. Clinical features include PARALYSIS of plantar flexion, ankle inversion and toe flexion as well as loss of sensation over the sole of the foot. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1995, Ch51, p32)
Previous indexing:
Peripheral Nervous System Diseases (1968-1999)
XMedial Plantar Neuropathy
XPosterior Tibial Neuropathy
XTibial Nerve Diseases
Tics
C10.597.350.700
C23.888.592.350.700
Habitual, repeated, rapid contraction of certain muscles, resulting in stereotyped individualized actions that can be voluntarily suppressed for only brief periods. They often involve the face, vocal cords, neck, and less often the extremities. Examples include repetitive throat clearing, vocalizations, sniffing, pursing the lips, and excessive blinking. Tics tend to be aggravated by emotional stress. When frequent they may interfere with speech and INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS. Conditions which feature frequent and prominent tics as a primary manifestation of disease are referred to as TIC DISORDERS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp109-10)
See related
Tourette Syndrome
Previous indexing:
Tic Disorders (1966-1999)
XHabit Spasm
XTic, Motor
XTic, Vocal
Tissue Harvesting
E01.450.865.820
E04.932
The removal of organs or tissue for reuse, for example, for transplantation.
See related
Blood Preservation
Organ Preservation
Organ Procurement
Semen Preservation
Tissue Preservation
Tissue Kallikreins
D08.586.277.656.300.760.442.875
D24.185.101.840.870
A family of trpysin-like SERINE ENDOPEPTIDASES that are expressed in a variety of cell types including human prostate epithelial cells. They are formed from tissue prokallikrein by action with TRYPSIN. They are highly similar to PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN. EC 3.4.21.35.
Previous indexing:
Kallikreins (1983-1999)
Endopeptidases (1982-1983)
XhK1 Kallikrein
XhK2 kallikrein
XHuman Glandular Kallikrein 1
XHuman Glandular Kallikreins
XPancreatic Kallikrein
XUrinary Kallikrein
Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome
C10.292.562.900
C11.590.905
An idiopathic syndrome characterized by the formation of granulation tissue in the anterior cavernous sinus or superior orbital fissure, producing a painful ophthalmoplegia. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p271)
Previous indexing:
Diplopia (1966-1999)
Cranial Nerves (1966-1999)
Ophthalmoplegia (1973-1999)
Transurethral Resection of Prostate
E04.950.774.860.625.750
Resection of the prostate using a cystoscope passed through the urethra.
Previous indexing:
Prostatectomy (1966-1999)
XProstatectomy, Transurethral
XTURP
Trauma, Nervous System
C10.900+
C21.866.915+
Traumatic injuries to the brain, cranial nerves, spinal cord, autonomic nervous system, or neuromuscular system, including iatrogenic injuries induced by surgical procedures.
Previous indexing:
Craniocerebral Trauma (1966-1999)
Spinal Cord Injuries (1966-1999)
XCraniocervical Injuries
XNervous System Injuries
Trigeminal Nerve Diseases
C10.292.775+
Diseases of the trigeminal nerve or its nuclei, which are located in the pons and medulla. The nerve is composed of three divisions: ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular, which provide sensory innervation to structures of the face, sinuses, and portions of the cranial vault. The mandibular nerve also innervates muscles of mastication. Clinical features include loss of facial and intra-oral sensation and weakness of jaw closure. Common conditions affecting the nerve include brain stem ischemia, INFRATENTORIAL NEOPLASMS, and TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA.
See related
Cranial Nerve Injuries
Previous indexing:
Cranial Nerve Diseases (1981-1999)
Trigeminal Neuralgia (1966-1999)
Trigeminal Nerve (1966-1999)
XCranial Nerve V Diseases
XFifth Cranial Nerve Diseases
XRaeder Paratrigeminal Syndrome
Trochlear Nerve Diseases
C10.292.850
Diseases of the fourth cranial (trochlear) nerve or its nucleus in the midbrain. The nerve crosses as it exits the midbrain dorsally and may be injured along its course through the intracranial space, cavernous sinus, superior orbital fissure, or orbit. Clinical manifestations include weakness of the superior oblique muscle which causes vertical DIPLOPIA that is maximal when the affected eye is adducted and directed inferiorly. Head tilt may be seen as a compensatory mechanism for diplopia and rotation of the visual axis. Common etiologies include CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA and INFRATENTORIAL NEOPLASMS.
Previous indexing:
Cranial Nerve Diseases (1981-1999)
Trochlear Nerve (1965-1999)
XCranial Nerve IV Diseases
XFourth Cranial Nerve Diseases
Tuberculosis, Central Nervous System
C01.252.410.040.552.846.570+
C10.228.228.180.850+
Tuberculosis of the brain, spinal cord, or meninges (TUBERCULOSIS, MENINGEAL), most often caused by MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS and rarely by MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS. The infection may be limited to the nervous system or coexist in other organs (e.g., TUBERCULOSIS, PULMONARY). The organism tends to seed the meninges causing a diffuse meningitis and leads to the formation of TUBERCULOMA, which may occur within the brain, spinal cord, or perimeningeal spaces. Tuberculous involvement of the vertebral column (TUBERCULOSIS, SPINAL) may result in nerve root or spinal cord compression. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp717-20)
Previous indexing:
Tuberculosis, Meningeal (1966-1999)
Tuberculoma (1966-1999)
Two-Hybrid System Techniques
E05.393.220.870
E05.393.525.870
E05.601.870
G05.331.120.870
Screening techniques used to identify genes encoding interacting proteins. Variations are used to evaluate complex interplay between proteins and other molecules.
XOne-Hybrid System Techniques
XReverse One-Hybrid System Techniques
XReverse Two-Hybrid System Techniques
XThree-Hybrid System Techniques
Tyrosinemias
C10.228.140.163.474.100.850
C18.452.648.066.880
A group of disorders which have in common elevations of tyrosine in the blood and urine secondary to an enzyme deficiency. Type I tyrosinemia features episodic weakness, self-mutilation, hepatic necrosis, renal tubular injury, and seizures and is caused by a deficiency of the enzyme fumarylacetoacetase. Type II tyrosinemia features mental retardation, painful corneal ulcers, and keratoses of the palms and plantar surfaces and is caused by a deficiency of the enzyme TYROSINE TRANSAMINASE. Type III tyrosinemia features mental retardation and is caused by a deficiency of the enzyme 4-HYDROXYPHENYLPYRUVATE DIOXYGENASE. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp42-3)
Previous indexing:
Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors (1967-1999)
XFumarylacetoacetase Deficiency Disease
XTyrosine Transaminase Deficiency Disease
X4 Hydroxyphenylpyruvate Dioxygenase Deficiency Disease
Ulnar Neuropathies
C10.668.829.500.850+
Disease involving the ULNAR NERVE from its origin in the BRACHIAL PLEXUS to its termination in the hand. Clinical manifestations may include PARESIS or PARALYSIS of wrist flexion, finger flexion, thumb adduction, finger abduction, and finger adduction. Sensation over the medial palm, fifth finger, and ulnar aspect of the ring finger may also be impaired. Common sites of injury include the AXILLA, cubital tunnel at the ELBOW, and Guyon's canal at the wrist. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1995, Ch51 pp43-5)
Previous indexing:
Ulnar Nerve (1966-1999)
Peripheral Nervous System Diseases (1966-1999)
XUlnar Nerve Diseases
Unverricht-Lundborg Syndrome
C10.228.140.490.250.650.900
C10.574.500.875
C16.466.400.940
An autosomal recessive condition characterized by recurrent myoclonic and generalized seizures, ATAXIA, slowly progressive intellectual deterioration, dysarthria, and intention tremor. Myoclonic seizures are severe and continuous, and tend to be triggered by movement, stress, and sensory stimuli. The age of onset is between 8 and 13 years, and the condition is relatively frequent in the Baltic region, especially Finland. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp109-110)
Previous indexing:
Epilepsy (1965-1976)
Myoclonus (1965-1976)
Epilepsies, Myoclonic (1977-1999)
XBaltic Myoclonus
XLundborg-Unverricht Syndrome
XMediterranean Myoclonic Epilepsy
Ureteroscopes
E07.230.220.895
E07.858.240.895
Endoscopes for examining the interior of the ureter.
Previous indexing:
Ureteroscopy/instrumentation (1995-1999)
Endoscopes (1998-1999)
Urological Manifestations
C23.888.942+
Clinical disturbances of the urinary system.
See related
Urination Disorders
Usnea
B05.513.915
A genus of lichens containing usnic acid and mucilage. Usnea barbata has been used as an herbal medicine.
Previous indexing:
Lichens (1967-1999)
XUsnea barbata
Vagus Nerve Diseases
C10.292.887+
Diseases of the tenth cranial nerve, including brain stem lesions involving its nuclei (solitary, ambiguus, and dorsal motor), nerve fascicles, and intracranial and extracranial course. Clinical manifestations may include dysphagia, vocal cord weakness, and alterations of parasympathetic tone in the thorax and abdomen.
See related
Cranial Nerve Injuries
Previous indexing:
Cranial Nerve Diseases (1981-1999)
Vagus Nerve/physiopathology (1966-1999)
Vocal Cord Paralysis (1966-1999)
XCranial Nerve X Diseases
XPneumogastric Nerve Disorders
XSensory Disorder, Vagus Nerve
XTenth Cranial Nerve Diseases
Vancomycin Resistance
G04.185.515.286.960
G05.386.310.960
G05.706.310.960
G12.392.269.960
Nonsusceptibility of bacteria, especially GRAM-POSITIVE COCCI, to the action of VANCOMYCIN, an inhibitor of cell wall synthesis.
Previous indexing:
Drug Resistance, Microbial (1973-1999)
Vancomycin/pharmacology (1973-1999)
Vasculitis, Central Nervous System
C10.114.875+
C10.228.140.300.850+
C14.907.253.946+
C14.907.940.907+
C20.111.258.962+
Inflammation of blood vessels within the central nervous system. Etiologies include autoimmune disorders (see also LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, SYSTEMIC; POLYARTERITIS NODOSA; WEGENER'S GRANULOMATOSIS), infections, exposure to radiation or toxins, and other conditions. Autoimmune or idiopathic vasculitides limited to the central nervous system are referred to as primary CNS vasculitides. CNS vasculitides associated with a systemic process or known pathogens are referred to as secondary CNS vasculitides. Clinical manifestations are highly variable but include headaches; SEIZURES; behavioral alterations; INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES; transient ischemic attacks (ISCHEMIC ATTACK, TRANSIENT); and BRAIN INFARCTION. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp856-61)
Previous indexing:
Cerebrovascular Disorders (1966-1999)
Cerebral Arterial Diseases (1965-1999)
Brain Diseases (1966-1999)
XAngiitis, Central Nervous System
XCentral Nervous System Vasculitis
XCerebral Angiitis
XCerebral Vasculitis
XGranulomatous Angiitis
XPostzoster Arteritis
XPrimary CNS Vasculitis
XSecondary CNS Vasculitis
Vasospasm, Intracranial
C10.228.140.300.900
C14.907.253.951
Narrowing of the lumen of one or more intracranial arteries due to contraction of arterial smooth muscle or to morphologic changes of the blood vessel wall. Large blood vessels near the base of the brain are primarily affected and reduced blood flow may result in hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HYPOXIA-ISCHEMIA, BRAIN). Vasospasm may be associated with SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; and other disorders. (From Neurosurg Clin N Am, 1998 Jul;9(3):615-27)
Previous indexing:
Ischemic Attack, Transient (1966-1999)
XCerebral Vasospasm
XIntracranial Vasospasm
Venombin A
D08.586.277.656.300.760.955+
A thrombin-like enzyme from the venom of snakes of the viper/rattlesnake group. Species variants of the enzyme include ANCROD (Agkistrodon rhodostoma (Malayan pit viper)); BATROXOBIN from Bothrops atrox; and crotalase from Crotalus adamanteus (Eastern diamondback rattlesnake). EC 3.4.21.74.
Ventral Thalamic Nuclei
A08.186.211.730.385.826.701.900
A large group of nuclei lying between the internal medullary lamina and the internal capsule. It includes the ventral anterior, ventral lateral, and ventral posterior nuclei.
Previous indexing:
Thalamic Nuclei (1971-1999)
Thalamus (1965-1970)
XVentral Anterior Thalamic Nucleus
XVentral Lateral Thalamic Nucleus
XVentral Nuclear Group
XVentral Posterior Inferior Thalamic Nucleus
XVentral Posterior Thalamic Nucleus
XVentral Posterolateral Thalamic Nucleus
XVentral Posteromedial Thalamic Nucleus
Vertebral Artery Dissection
C10.228.140.300.350.875
C10.228.140.300.950
C10.900.250.650
C14.907.055.050.575
C14.907.253.535.800
C14.907.253.953
C21.866.915.200.600
Dissection of the wall of the vertebral artery, leading to the formation of an aneurysm that may occlude the vessel. Thrombus formation may occur and give rise to emboli. Cervical fractures or related NECK INJURIES and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA are commonly associated conditions, although this process may occur spontaneously. Ischemia, infarction, and hemorrhage in the vascular distribution of the affected vertebral artery may complicate this condition.
Previous indexing:
Vertebral Artery (1975-1999)
Cerebrovascular Disorders (1975-1999)
XDissecting Vertebral Artery Aneurysm
Vestibular Neuronitis
C09.218.807.800.837
C10.292.910.850
Idiopathic inflammation of the vestibular nerve, characterized clinically by the acute or subacute onset of vertigo, nausea, and imbalance. The cochlear nerve is typically spared and hearing loss and tinnitus do not usually occur. Symptoms usually resolve over a period of days to weeks. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p304)
See related
Neuritis
Previous indexing:
Neuritis (1968-1999)
XEpidemic Neurolabyrinthitis
XNeuritis, Vestibular
XNeuronitis, Vestibular
Video-Assisted Surgery
E01.370.388.250.950+
E04.800.250.950+
Endoscopic surgical procedures performed with visualization via video transmission.
See related
Video Recording
Previous indexing:
Surgical Procedures, Endoscopic (1996-1999)
Video Recording or specifics (1975-1999)
Endoscopy or specifics (1975-1999)
XSurgery, Video-Assisted
Vigabatrin
D02.241.081.160.050.350.900
D12.125.190.350.900
D14.600.050.350.900
An analogue of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). It is an irreversible inhibitor of 4-AMINOBUTYRATE TRANSAMINASE, the enzyme responsible for the catabolism of GABA. (From Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed)
Previous indexing:
Aminocaproic Acids (1981-1994)
GABA/analogs & derivativ (1979-1980)
GABA/analogs & derivativ (1994-1999)
Xgamma-Vinyl-gamma-Aminobutyric Acid
Vitex
B06.388.100.675.977
B06.560.977
A genus of trees in the LAMIACEAE family containing assorted flavonoids with possible analgesic and antineoplastic properties. The fruit of these trees is used in herbal preparations.
Previous indexing:
Plants, Medicinal (1970-1999)
XVitex agnus-castus
Vitreoscilla
B03.350.840
B03.440.400.840
B03.660.840
A genus of gram-negative, aerobic or microaerophilic, colorless filaments. It is nonfruiting, motile by gliding, and found in freshwater sediments and cow dung. One species (V. stercoraria) is considered morphologically to be a streptobacillus. It is strictly aerobic and produces a homodimeric bacterial hemoglobin, especially under oxygen-limited growth conditions. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)
XVitreoscilla stercoraria
Wolbachia
B03.660.050.665.650.150.870
A genus of bacteria comprised of a heterogenous group of gram-negative small rods and coccoid forms associated with arthropods. (From Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, vol 1, 1984)
Previous indexing:
Rickettsiaceae (1976-1999)
Xanthobacter
B03.440.400.425.935
B03.660.050.920
A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria found in wet soil containing decaying organic material and in water. Cells tend to be pleomorphic if grown on media containing succinate or coccoid if grown in the presence of an alcohol as the sole carbon source. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)
Previous indexing:
Gram-Negative Aerobic Bacteria (1985-1999)
XXanthobacter autotrophicus
XXanthobacter flavus
Xenodiagnosis
E01.370.985
E05.909.560.985
A method for diagnosing a disease in one organism by inoculating the putative causative organism in a second animal of a different species. It has been used for the detection of parasites (Trypanosoma cruzi and Trichinella spiralis) when peripheral blood smears are negative. (Segen, Current Med Talk, 1995)
Previous indexing:
specific disease/diagnosis (1967-1999)
Xenorhabdus
B03.440.450.425.890
B03.660.250.150.910
A genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic rod-shaped cells which are motile by peritrichous flagella. Late in the growth cycle, spheroplasts or coccoid bodies occur, resulting from disintegration of the cell wall. The natural habitat is the intestinal lumen of certain nematodes. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)
Previous indexing:
Enterobacteriaceae (1983-1999)
XXenorhabdus luminescens
XXenorhabdus nematophilus
ADP-Ribosylation Factor 1
D08.586.277.040.330.300.400.100.100
D12.776.157.325.515.100.100
D12.776.543.212.150
ADP-RIBOSYLATION FACTOR 1 is involved in regulating intracellular transport by modulating the interaction of coat proteins with organelle membranes in the early secretory pathway. It is a component of COAT PROTEIN COMPLEX I.
Previous indexing:
G-Proteins (1993-1999)
XARF 1 Protein
Carbamoyl-Phosphate Synthase I Deficiency Disease
C10.228.140.163.474.100.125
C18.452.648.066.275
A urea cycle disorder manifesting in infancy as lethargy, emesis, seizures, alterations of muscle tone, abnormal eye movements, and an elevation of serum ammonia. The disorder is caused by a reduction in the activity of hepatic mitochondrial CARBAMOYL-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE (AMMONIA). (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp50-1)
See related
Carbamoyl-Phosphate Synthase (Ammonia)
Previous indexing:
Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors (1975-1999)
Metabolism, Inborn Errors (1970-1974)
Carbamoyl-Phosphate Synthase (Ammonia)/deficiency (1989-1999)
XCarbamyl-Phosphate Synthetase I Deficiency Disease
cdc25 Phosphatase
D08.586.277.352.650.625.700.200
D12.776.260.150.100
A tyrosine phosphatase required for progression of the cell cycle. It is required for p34(cdc2) kinase activation.
Previous indexing:
Cell Cycle Proteins (1996-1999)
Phosphoprotein Phosphatase (1996-1999)
cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein
D08.586.277.040.330.300.400.700.050
D12.776.157.325.515.700.050
A member of the Rho family of MONOMERIC-GTP-BINDING PROTEINS. It is associated with a diverse array of cellular functions including cytoskeletal changes, filopodia formation and transport through the GOLGI APPARATUS. EC 3.6.1.-.
Previous indexing:
G-Proteins (1991-1999)
Xcdc42 Protein
Xp21 cdc42
XG25K GTP-Binding Protein, Placental Isoform
XG25K Protein
XG25P GTP-Binding Protein
cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein, Yeast
D08.586.277.040.330.300.400.700.060
D12.776.157.325.515.700.065
A member of the Rho family of MONOMERIC GTP-BINDING PROTEINS from SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE. It is involved in morphological events related to the cell cycle. EC 3.6.1.-.
Previous indexing:
Cell Cycle Proteins (1996-1999)
G-Proteins (1996-1999)
Xcdc42 Protein, Yeast
Chemokines, CX3C
D17.350.200.130
D24.185.125.300.130
D24.611.350.200.130
Group of chemokines with the first two cysteines separated by three amino acids. CX3C chemokines are chemotactic for natural killer cells, monocytes, and activated T-cells.
Previous indexing:
Chemokines (1997-1999)
XCX3C Chemokines
Chimerin 1
D12.776.402.150.100.200
D12.776.641.124.200
A GTPase activating protein that is specific for RAC GTP-BINDING PROTEINS. It is expressed primarily in the brain and may be involved in signal transduction. The alternatively spliced form of CHIMERIN 1 (alpha-2 Chimerin) contains an additional src homology domain and is expressed in both the brain and testes.
Previous indexing:
Nerve Tissue Proteins (1991-1999)
Xalpha-Chimerin
Xalpha-1 Chimerin
Xalpha-2 Chimerin
XarhGAP2 Protein
Xn-Chimerin
XrhoGAP2 Protein
Coma, Post-Head Injury
C10.597.606.358.800.200.200
C10.900.300.175
C21.866.260.222
C21.866.915.300.350
Prolonged unconsciousness from which the individual cannot be aroused, associated with traumatic injuries to the BRAIN. This may be defined as unconsciousness persisting for 6 hours or longer. Coma results from injury to both cerebral hemispheres or the RETICULAR FORMATION of the BRAIN STEM. Contributing mechanisms include DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY and BRAIN EDEMA. (From J Neurotrauma 1997 Oct;14(10):699-713)
Previous indexing:
Brain Injuries (1965-1999)
Coma (1965-1999)
XComa, Post-Concussive
XComa, Post-Traumatic
Cranial Nerve Injuries
C10.292.262+
C10.900.300.218+
C21.866.260.237+
C21.866.915.300.400+
Dysfunction of one or more cranial nerves causally related to a traumatic injury. Penetrating and nonpenetrating CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; NECK INJURIES; and trauma to the facial region are conditions associated with cranial nerve injuries.
See related
Accessory Nerve Diseases
Glossopharyngeal Nerve Diseases
Hypoglossal Nerve Diseases
Oculomotor Nerve Diseases
Olfactory Nerve Diseases
Trigeminal Nerve Diseases
Vagus Nerve Diseases
Vestibulocochlear Nerve Diseases
EIF-2B
D12.776.402.300.200
D12.776.835.725.300
A guanine nucleotide exchange factor that acts to restore EIF-2 to its GTP bound form.
Previous indexing:
Proteins (1983-1999)
XEukaryotic Initiation Factor 2B
XEIF2B1
Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-
D12.644.468.281.075
D12.776.641.650.575.281.075
D14.600.600.577.281.075
An enkephalin analog that selectively binds to the mu opioid receptor. It is used as a model for drug permeability experiments.
Previous indexing:
Enkephalins (1981-1999)
XD-Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly-ol(5) Enkephalin
XDAMGO
Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-
D12.644.468.281.153
D12.776.641.650.575.281.153
D14.600.600.577.281.153
A disulfide opioid pentapeptide that selectively binds to the delta opiate receptor (RECEPTORS, OPIOID, DELTA). It possesses antinociceptive activity.
Previous indexing:
Enkephalins (1983-1999)
XD-Penicillamine (2,5)-Enkephalin
XD-Pen2, D-Pen5-Enkephalin
XDPDPE
Guanine Nucleotide-Releasing Factor 2
D12.776.402.300.300
A 145-kD guanine nucleotide exchange factor that is specific for rap1 and ras GTP-BINDING PROTEINS. It associates with SH3 domains of the crk family of signaling proteins.
Previous indexing:
Proteins (1997-1999)
XC3G Protein
XGuanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor C3G
XGRF2
XGRF2 Protein
Interferon Alfa-2c
D12.776.468.500.125.200
D12.776.468.500.250.200
D12.776.828.200.201
D24.611.350.440.890.125.200
D24.611.350.440.890.250.200
A recombinant alfa interferon consisting of 165 amino acids with arginine at positions 23 and 34. It is used extensively as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent.
Previous indexing:
Interferon Type I, Recombinant (1989-1999)
Interferon Type I (1983-1988)
Recombinant Proteins (1986-1989)
XRecombinant Interferon Alfa-2c
Neuregulin-1
D11.303.611.550.750
D11.303.615.750
D12.644.390.750
D12.776.641.600.550.750
D24.185.348.686.550.750
D24.185.348.693.750
A peptide factor originally identified by its ability to stimulate the phosphorylation the erbB-2 receptor (RECEPTOR, ERBB-2). It is a ligand for the erbB-3 receptor (RECEPTOR, ERBB-3) and the erbB-4 receptor. Variant forms of NEUREGULIN-1 occur through alternative splicing of its mRNA.
Previous indexing:
Glycoproteins (1986-1999)
Nerve Tissue Proteins (1980-1999)
Xneu Differentiation Factor
XGlial Growth Factor
XHeregulin
XNDF Protein
XNRG1 Protein
Neurotrophin 3
D11.303.611.775
D12.776.641.600.775
D24.185.348.686.775
A neurotrophic factor involved in regulating the survival of visceral and proprioceptive sensory neurons. It is closely homologous to nerve growth factor beta and BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR.
Previous indexing:
Nerve Growth Factors (1990-1999)
XNerve Growth Factor 2
XNGF-2
p120 GTPase Activating Protein
D12.776.402.150.500.500
A 120 kD RAS-GTPASE-ACTIVATING PROTEIN that binds to tyrosine phosphoproteins through its SH2 domains. The 100 kD RNA-splicing variant (p100 GAP protein) is expressed in placenta.
Previous indexing:
Proteins (1989-1999)
Xp100-GAP Protein
Xp120-GAP Protein
Xp125-GAP Protein
Peptide Elongation Factor 1
D08.586.277.040.330.300.100.800
D12.776.157.325.150.800
D12.776.835.700.350.800
Peptide elongation factor 1 is a multisubunit protein that is responsible for the GTP-dependent binding of aminoacyl-tRNAs to eukaryotic ribosomes. The alpha subunit (EF-1alpha) binds aminoacyl-tRNA and transfers it to the ribosome in a process linked to GTP hydrolysis. The beta and delta subunits (EF-1beta, EF-1delta) are involved in exchanging GDP for GTP. The gamma subunit (EF-1gamma) is a structural component.
Previous indexing:
Peptide Elongation Factors (1973-1999)
XElongation Factor 1
XElongation Factor 1alpha
XElongation Factor 1beta
XElongation Factor 1delta
XElongation Factor 1gamma
XEF-1
Peptide Elongation Factor 2
D08.586.277.040.330.300.100.850
D12.776.157.325.150.850
D12.776.835.700.350.850
Peptide Elongation Factor 2 catalyzes the translocation of peptidyl-tRNA from the A site to the P site of eukaryotic ribosomes by a process linked to the hydrolysis of GTP to GDP.
Previous indexing:
Peptide Elongation Factors (1980-1999)
XCytoplasmic Elongation Factor 2
XElongation Factor 2
XEF-2
rab1 GTP-Binding Proteins
D08.586.277.040.330.300.400.400.025
D12.776.157.325.515.400.025
A genetically related subfamily of RAB GTP-BINDING PROTEINS involved in vesicle transport between the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM and the GOLGI APPARATUS and through early Golgi compartments. EC 3.6.1.-.
Previous indexing:
G-Proteins (1990-1999)
Xrab1A GTP-Binding Protein
rab2 GTP-Binding Protein
D08.586.277.040.330.300.400.400.050
D12.776.157.325.515.400.050
A protein involved in transport between the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM and the GOLGI APPARATUS. EC 3.6.1.-.
Previous indexing:
G-Proteins (1992-1999)
rab3 GTP-Binding Proteins
D08.586.277.040.330.300.400.400.100
D12.776.157.325.515.400.100+
A genetically related subfamily of RAB GTP-BINDING PROTEINS involved in calcium-dependent EXOCYTOSIS. EC 3.6.1.-.
Previous indexing:
G-Proteins (1989-1999)
rab3A GTP-Binding Protein
D08.586.277.040.330.300.400.400.125
D12.776.157.325.515.400.100.100
The most abundant member of the RAB3 GTP-BINDING PROTEINS. It is involved in calcium-dependent EXOCYTOSIS and is localized to neurons and neuroendocrine cells. EC 3.6.1.-
Previous indexing:
G-Proteins (1992-1999)
Xsmg25a GTP Binding Protein
rab4 GTP-Binding Proteins
D08.586.277.040.330.300.400.400.150
D12.776.157.325.515.400.150
A genetically related subfamily of RAB GTP-BINDING PROTEINS involved in recycling of proteins such as cell surface receptors from early endosomes to the cell surface. EC 3.6.1.-.
Previous indexing:
G-Proteins (1992-1999)
Xrab4A GTP-Binding Protein
rab5 GTP-Binding Proteins
D08.586.277.040.330.300.400.400.200
D12.776.157.325.515.400.200
A genetically related subfamily of RAB GTP-BINDING PROTEINS involved in transport from the cell membrane to early endosomes. EC 3.6.1.-.
Previous indexing:
G-Proteins (1992-1999)
Xrab5A GTP-Binding Protein
rac1 GTP-Binding Protein
D08.586.277.040.330.300.400.700.110
D12.776.157.325.515.700.100.100
A rac GTP-binding protein involved in regulating actin filaments at the plasma membrane. It controls the development of filopodia and lamellipodia in cells and thereby influences cellular motility and adhesion. It is also involved in activation of NADPH OXIDASE. EC 3.6.1.-.
Previous indexing:
G-Proteins (1991-1999)
XTC-25 GTP-Binding Protein
rap1 GTP-Binding Proteins
D08.586.277.040.330.300.400.475.100
D12.776.157.325.515.475.100
A genetically related subfamily of RAP GTP-BINDING PROTEINS that share homology with RAS PROTEINS. They bind to Ras effectors but do not activate them, therefore they may antagonize the effects of RAS PROTEINS. EC 3.6.1.-.
Previous indexing:
G-Proteins (1991-1999)
Xrap1A GTP-Binding Protein
Xsmg p21 GTP-Binding Protein
XKrev-1 GTP-Binding Protein
XSMG p21A GTP-Binding Protein
ras-GRF1
D12.776.402.300.700.500
A guanine nucleotide exchange factor that is expressed primarily in neuronal tissue and may be specific for the Ha-ras homolog of the RAS PROTEINS.
Previous indexing:
Proteins (1981-1999)
Xcdc25 Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor
XGRF1 Protein
XH-GRF55 Protein
Receptor, erbB-3
D08.586.913.696.620.682.725.400.175
D12.776.543.750.750.400.360
D12.776.818.790
D24.185.101.840.721
A cell surface protein-tyrosine kinase receptor that is specific for NEUREGULINS. It has extensive homology to and can heterodimerize with the EGF Receptor (RECEPTOR, EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR) and the erbB-2 receptor (RECEPTOR, ERBB-2). Overexpression of the erbB-3 receptor is associated with tumorigenesis. EC 2.7.11.-.
Previous indexing:
Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor (1990-1999)
Proto-Oncogene Proteins (1993-1999)
Xc-erbB-3 Protein
XerbB-3 Protein
XHER-3 Proto-Oncogene Protein
XProto-Oncogene Protein erbB-3
Receptor, trkC
D08.586.913.696.620.682.725.400.800
D12.776.543.750.750.400.550.700
A protein-tyrosine kinase receptor that is specific for NEUROTROPHIN 3. It is widely expressed in nervous tissue and may play a role in mediating the effects of NEUROTROPHIN 3 on the proliferation and differentiation of NEURONS. EC 2.7.11.-.
Previous indexing:
Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor (1995-1999)
Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases (1994-1999)
Receptors, Growth Factor (1993-1999)
Protein-Tyrosine Kinase (1991-1993)
Membrane Glycoproteins (1991-1993)
XtrkC Receptor
XNeurotrophin 3 Receptor
XNTRK3 Receptor
XProtein-Tyrosine Kinase TRKC
XReceptor, Neurotrophic-Tyrosine-Kinase Type 3
Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor alpha
D08.586.913.696.620.682.725.400.610
D12.776.543.750.750.400.630.300
A PDGF receptor that binds specifically to both PDGF-A chains and PDGF-B chains. It contains a protein-tyrosine kinase activity that is involved in SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION. EC 2.7.11.-.
Previous indexing:
Receptors, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor (1994-1999)
XAntigens, CD140A
XCD140A Antigens
XPlatelet-Derived Growth Factor alpha Receptor
XPDGF alpha Receptor
XPDGF-R-alpha
XReceptor, PDGF alpha
Receptor, Platelet-Derived-Growth Factor beta
D08.586.913.696.620.682.725.400.620
D12.776.543.750.750.400.630.400
A PDGF receptor that binds specifically to the PDGF-B chain. It contains a protein-tyrosine kinase activity that is involved in SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION. EC 2.7.11.-.
Previous indexing:
Receptors, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor (1994-1999)
XAntigens, CD140B
XCD140B Antigens
XPlatelet-Derived Growth Factor beta Receptor
XPDGF beta Receptor
XPDGFR beta
XReceptor, PDGF beta
Ribonucleoprotein, U7 Small Nuclear
D12.776.664.800.700.625
This ribonucleoprotein particle, composed of U7 snRNA, Sm core protein, and U7 snRNP-specific proteins, is involved in the 3'end processing of histone premessenger RNAs.
Previous indexing:
Ribonucleoproteins, Small Nuclear (1993-1999)
Ribonucleoproteins (1986-1999)
XSmall Nuclear Ribonucleoproteins, U7
XU7 snRNP
XU7 Small Nuclear Ribonucleoproteins
SOS1 Protein
D12.776.402.300.700.700.200
A mammalian homolog of the DROSOPHILA SON OF SEVENLESS PROTEIN. It is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for RAS PROTEINS.
Previous indexing:
Membrane Proteins (1992-1999)
Repressor Proteins (1992-1999)
Fungal Proteins (1992-1999)
XSon of Sevenless Homolog 1
Last updated: 12 November 1999
First published: 12 November 1999
Metadata| Permanence level: Permanence Not Guaranteed