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Note: This information is provided for reference purposes only. Although
the information provided here was accurate and current when first created,
it is now outdated.
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Emergency First Aid Treatment Guide
PROPIONITRILE
107-12-0
This guide should not be construed to authorize emergency personnel to perform the procedures or activities indicated or implied. Care of persons exposed to toxic chemicals must be directed by a physician or other recognized authority.
SUBSTANCE CHARACTERISTICS:
| Pure Form: | Colorless liquid. |
| Odor: | Pleasant, sweet. |
| Commercial Forms: | Shipped in iron drums or glass bottles. |
| Use: | Chemical intermediate, setting agent for resins. |
| Other Names: | Other Names Cyanoethane, ether cyanatus, ethyl cyanide, hydrocyanic ether, propanenitrile, propylnitrile. |
| Personal Protective Equipment: | See Chemical Profile Section VIII. |
EMERGENCY LIFE-SUPPORT EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES THAT MAY BE REQUIRED:
| Compressed oxygen, forced-oxygen mask, water, milk, activated charcoal, normal saline, D5W, Ringer's lactate, cyanide antidote kit (amyl nitrite ampule, sodium nitrite, sodium thiosulfate), sodium bicarbonate, diazepam, phenytoin. PROPRIONITRILE |
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS:
| Warning: Effects, including skin reactions, may be delayed. Caution is advised. Vital signs should be monitored closely. Heart palpitation may begin within minutes after exposure. Note: Propionitrile is very readily absorbed through the skin. Signs and symptoms of acute exposure to propionitrile may include hypertension (high blood pressure) and tachycardia (rapid heart rate), followed by hypotension (low blood pressure) and bradycardia (slow heart rate). Cherry-red mucous membranes and blood, cardiac arrhythmias, and other cardiac abnormalities are common. Cyanosis (blue tint to the skin and mucous membranes) is not a consistent finding. Tachypnea (rapid respiratory rate) may be followed by respiratory depression. Lung hemorrhage and pulmonary edema may also occur. Headache, vertigo (dizziness), agitation, and giddiness may be followed by combative behavior, convulsions, paralysis, protruding eyeballs, dilated and unreactive pupils, and coma. Propionitrile is irritating to the skin and mucous membranes. Lacrimation (tearing) and a burning sensation of the mouth and throat are common. Excessive salivation, nausea, and vomiting may also occur. |
EMERGENCY LIFE-SUPPORT PROCEDURES:
| Acute exposure to propionitrile may require decontamination and life support for the victims. Emergency personnel should wear protective clothing appropriate to the type and degree of contamination. Air-purifying or supplied-air respiratory equipment should also be worn, as necessary. Rescue vehicles should carry supplies such as plastic sheeting and disposable plastic bags to assist in preventing spread of contamination. |
INHALATION EXPOSURE:
| 1. Move victims to fresh air. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to propionitrile. 2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. IMMEDIATELY begin administering 100% oxygen to all victims. Monitor victims for respiratory distress. PROPRIONITRILE Warning: To prevent self-poisoning, avoid mouth-to-mouth breathing; use a forced-oxygen mask. Direct oral contact with propionitrile-contaminated persons or their gastric contents may result in self-poisoning. 3. Rush to a health care facility. 4. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures. |
DERMAL/EYE EXPOSURE:
| 1. Remove victims from exposure. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to propionitrile. 2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. IMMEDIATELY begin administering 100% oxygen to all victims. Monitor victims for respiratory distress. Warning: To prevent self-poisoning, avoid mouth-to-mouth breathing; usea forced-oxygen mask. Direct oral contact with propionitrile-contaminated persons or their gastric contents may result in self-poisoning. 3. Rush to a health care facility. 4. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing as soon as possible. 5. If eye exposure has occurred, eyes must be flushed with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes. 6. Wash exposed skin areas thoroughly with water. 7. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures. |
INGESTION EXPOSURE:
| 1. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory PROPRIONITRILE rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. IMMEDIATELY begin administering 100% oxygen to all victims. Monitor victims for respiratory distress. Warning: To prevent self-poisoning, avoid mouth-to-mouth breathing; use a forced-oxygen mask. Direct oral contact with propionitrile-contaminated persons or their gastric contents may result in self-poisoning. 2. Rush to a health care facility. 3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures. 4. DO NOT induce vomiting or attempt to neutralize! 5. Activated charcoal may be administered if victims are conscious and alert. Use 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) for children, 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3-1/2 oz) for adults, with 125 to 250 mL (1/2 to 1 cup) of water. 6. Give the victims water or milk: children up to 1 year old, 125 mL (4 oz or 1/2 cup); children 1 to 12 years old, 200 mL (6 oz or 3/4 cup); adults, 250 mL (8 oz or 1 cup). Water or milk should be given only if victims are conscious and alert. |
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