Valentin SerovNorthwestern University Press Studies in Russian Literature and Theory Founding Editor Gary Saul Morson General Editor Caryl Emerson Consulting Editors Carol Avins Robert Belknap Robert Louis Jackson Elliott Mossman Alfred Rieber William Mills Todd III Alexander ZholkovskyValentin Serov Portraits of Russia's Silver Age Elizabeth Kridl Valkenier Northwestern University Press Evanston, Illinois Studies of the Harriman Institute Northwestern University Press Evanston, Illinois 60208-4210 Copyright 2001 by Northwestern University Press. Published 2001. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN 0-8101-1826-2 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Information Sciences Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984.Contents List of Illustrations Acknowledgments Introduction Chronology Chapter One Child of the Intelligentsia Chapter Two The Mamontov Circle: Alternative Traditions Chapter Three Diaghilev and the Miriskusniki Chapter Four Merchants and Entrepreneurs: The New Wealth Chapter Five Imperial Portraits: A Changing View of Autocracy Chapter Six Women's Portraits: Sexuality and Intelligentsia Values Chapter Seven Serov and Modernism Notes Works Cited Index Illustrations Plates Gallery 1 (follows page 000) 1. Girl with Peaches (Vera Mamontova), 1887. 2. Konstantin Korovin, 1891. 3. Fedor Chaliapin in the role of Holofenes, early 1900. "early 1900" not "1900s" 4. Sergei Diaghilev, 1904. 5. Sketch of a Persian miniature, 1910. 6. Sketch for the central part of the stage curtain for Sch h razade, 1911. 7. Sofya Botkina, 1899. 8. Mikhail Morozov, 1902. 9. Grand Duke Pavel Aleksandrovich, 1897. Gallery 2 (follows page 000) 10. The Anointment (coronation of Nicholas II), 1896. 11. Nicholas II (the informal portrait), 1900. 12. Feliks Yusupov, 1903. 13. Genrietta Girshman, 1907. 14. Zinaida Yusupova, 1902. 15. Olga Orlova, 1911. 16. Nikolai Pozniakov, 1908. 17. Ivan Morozov, 1910. 18. The Rape of Europa, 1910. 19. Ida Rubinstein (as Cleopatra), 1910. Figures 1.1. Aleksandr Serov, 1889. 1.2. Valentina Sem'novna Serova, c. 1880. 1.3. Serov with his mother and nurse, photo, c. 1870. 1.4. Famine, 1892. 1.5. Manor house at the Nikolskoe commune, 1871 72. 1.6. Mikhail Vrubel, Vladimir von Derviz, and Serov, photo, 1883. 1.7. Repin and the Thirtieth Peredvizhnik Exhibit, 1903. 1.8. Ilya Repin, 1901. 1.9. Olga Trubnikova, 1885. 2.1. Self-portrait, 1879. 2.2. Ilya Repin, The Cavalcade (at Abramtsevo), 1879. Does this mean the work is by Repin, not Serov? 2.3. Elizaveta Mamontova, 1887. 2.4. Serov (and striped jacket) with other members of the Abramtsevo circle, photo, 1886. 2.5. Savva Mamontov (translating Carmen), 1885. 2.6. Savva Mamontov, 1887. 2.7. Ilya Repin, They Did Not Expect Him, 1884. 2.8. Ilya Ostroukhov, 1902. 2.9. Isaak Levitan, 1893. 2.10. Fedor Chaliapin, 1905. 3.1. Valentin Serov, photo, early 1900s. 3.2. Self-portrait, 1901. 3.3. Fifteen Years Hence (caricature of Diaghilev and Nuvel), 1901. 3.4. Caricature of Bakst and Serov, 1901. 3.5. Lon Bonnat and Princess Tenisheva, both portraying Prince Tenishev, photo, early 1900s. 3.6. Mariya Tenisheva, 1898. 3.7. Caricatures of Igor Grabar, 1904. 4.1. Mariya Morozova, 1897. 4.2. Vasily Bakhrushin, 1899. 4.3. Nikolai Leskov, 1894. 4.4. Vasily Perov, Arrival of the Governess in a Merchant's Household, 1866. 4.5. Aleksandr Kasianov, 1907. 4.6. Emmanuel Nobel, 1909. 4.7. Caricature of Wanda Landowska, 1908. 4.8. Vladimir Girshman, 1911. 5.1. Alexander III and Family, 1895. 5.2. Grand Duke Mikhail Nikolaevich, 1900. 5.3. Peter II and Princess Elizabeth Riding to the Hounds, 1900. 5.4. Catherine II Setting Out for the Hunt with Falcons, 1902. 5.5. Empress Anna's Amusements. 5.6. Peter I (inspecting the construction of St. Petersburg), 1907. 5.7. Little Soldiers, Dear Lads, Where Is Your Glory? 1905. 5.8. Caricature of Nicholas II, 1905. 5.9. Aleksandra Fdorovna (leaving church service), 1901 2. 6.1. At the Window (Olga Trubnikova), 1886. 6.2. Mariya Simonovich-Lvova, 1895. 6.3. Zinaida Morits, 1892. 6.4. Evdokiya Morozova, 1908. 6.5. Oskar and Roza Gruzenberg, 1910. 6.6. Anna Tsetlin, 1909. 6.7. Margarita Morozova, 1910. 6.8. Mariya Ermolova, 1905. 6.9. Nadezhda Lamanova, 1911. 6.10. Princess Aleksandra Liven, 1909. 6.11. Caricature of Mikhail Kuzmin, 1907. 7.1. Leon Bakst, early 1900s. 7.2. Kora (based on sketches done in Greece), 1910. 7.3. Female Nude, 1910. 7.4. Mikhail Vrubel, 1907. 7.5. Caricature of Ida Rubinstein with Gabriele D'Annunzio and his wife, Natalya Golubeva, 1910. 7.6. Konstantin Stanislavsky, 1908. Acknowledgments